navigation training section 2 terrestrial coordinate system
TRANSCRIPT
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NAVIGATION TRAINING
Section 2
Terrestrial Coordinate System
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Table of Contents
• Section 1 Types of Navigation• Section 2 Terrestial Coordinates• Section 3 Charts• Section 4 Compass• Section 5 Nautical Publications• Section 6 Navigational Aids
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Table of Contents
• Section 7 Buoyage• Section 8 Position Lines and Fixes• Section 9 Tides• Section 10 Currents• Section 11 Weather
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Terrestrial Coordinate System
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For navigational purposes, it’s considered a “true” sphere with a circumference of 21,600 NM
Earth: A “not-so-perfect” Sphere
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Terrestrial Coordinate System• Great Circle: The intersection of a plane passing
through two points on the surface of the earth and the center of the earth.
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Terrestrial Coordinate System• Examples are: The Equator, Meridians of Longitude,
the Prime Meridian being through Greenwich, near London, United Kingdom.
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Equator• The great circle formed by passing a plane
perpendicular to the earth’s axis halfway between its poles.
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Equator• The equator divides the earth into northern and
southern hemispheres.• One of the two great circles from which all locations on
the earth’s surface are referenced.
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Terrestrial Coordinate System
• Small Circle: : A circle formed from the intersection of a plane not passing through the center of the earth.
• Examples are Parallels of Latitude
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Measurement of Arc
Positions in relationship to Earth’s Coordinates system are expressed in: PRONOUNCED SYMBOL
Degrees (°)
Minutes (´)
Seconds (´´)
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Latitude
• Latitude - angular distance north or south between the equator and the parallel of a point. Latitude is measured in degrees of arc from 0 either north or south of the equator.
• Latitude is measured along a meridian.
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Latitude
• Latitude is always expressed using 2 digits, e.g 49º
• Always given first when giving a position
• The length of 1 degree of latitude is always 60NM
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Parallels of Latitude
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Prime Meridian• The meridian that passes through the original position of the Royal
Greenwich Observatory near London, England.
• Constitutes the second reference line for the terrestrial coordinate system.
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Prime Meridian• All other meridians are referenced to the prime meridian; it
divides the earth into the eastern and western hemispheres.
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Longitude• Longitude - - angular distance E/W between the prime
meridian and the meridian of a point.
• Longitude is measured in degrees of arc from 0 to 180 degrees east or west of the prime meridian.
• Longitude is measured along parallels of latitude
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Longitude• Longitude is always expressed using 3 digits, e.g 123º.
• One degree of long does not equal 60 NM unless measured along the equator.
• Always given after Latitude when giving a position.
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Lines of Longitude
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