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Naval Propulsion – The 21st Century and Beyond

Facilitating the needs of future surface combatants

Simon O’Connor BEng MIMarEst

Principal Marine Engineer

© Rolls-Royce plc 2018. The information in this document is the property of Rolls-Royce plc and may not be copied, communicated to a third party, or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied, without the express written consent of Rolls-Royce plc. While the information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Rolls-Royce plc, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Rolls-Royce plc or any of its subsidiary or associated companies.

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Agenda

2

Introduction 01

02 Overview & Trends in Power & Propulsion

03

04

Single GT Hybrid – an Enabler for Future Proofing

05

Next Generation Large Surface Combatants

Conclusions

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Introduction

Propulsion System Expertise - Worldwide

Equipment in 70 navies

Concept studies for 30+ navies

Cost versus capability

Mechanical, all-electric and hybrid

Objective and unbiased due to expansive portfolio

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Overview & Trends in Power & Propulsion

1980s – Mechanical systems featuring medium power gas turbines and locomotive derived diesel engines

• Good efficiency at design point

• Diesel engines elevated acoustic signature for during Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) operations

1990s – Hybrid systems such as the UK RN Type 23 introduced power electronics and increased automation

• Reduced through-life costs due to combining system running hours for power generation and propulsion

• Increased efficiency for cruise than diesels and offered excellent ASW performance

• Compromised by low power legacy GTs (RR Spey, GE LM2500) – Twin GT CODLAG installation necessary despite drivers for lower cost

2000s – All electric vessels the next logical step for large surface combatants. Increasing electrical loads led to the ‘power station’ concept

• Hybrid was seen as a big success – with increasing load demand next step was to electrify everything

• Lower overall system running hours and improved efficiency

e.g. T45, DDG1000, QEC 2000’s

1990’s

1980’s

e.g. Karel Doorman, F123,

Lupo Class

Historical Trends in GT-Powered Propulsion

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Overview & Trends in Power & Propulsion

2000’s

1

2

3

4

• Twin GT COmbined Diesel eLectric And Gas (CODLAG) – hybrid

• Diesel-electric for low noise Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) operations and cruise up to 15 knots

• CODLAG for 28+ knots

• Low noise for ASW

1. Fixed pitch propellers

2. Propulsion motors only

3. De-clutching gearbox

4. Enclosed and isolated diesel generators

Type 23 Frigate

4

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Lower Life Cycle Costs (LCC)

• More affordable / supportable

• Lower initial cost

Higher system efficiency

• Better use of prime movers; lower fuel burn and maintenance

Lower reliance on crew for maintenance

• Lean manned vessel

• Lower trained, cheaper maintainers

More adaptable to support mission-system upgrades

• Longer ship life

• Greater overall affordability

Overview & Trends in Power & Propulsion

Modern Day Requirements

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Single GT Hybrid – an Enabler for Future Proofing

Low noise, low risk, affordable, simplicity of CODLOG arrangement

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

% tim

e p

er an

nu

m

De

live

red

po

we

r (K

We

)

Knots

ESTIMATED Power-Speed curve

ASW profile (Generic)

AAW profile (D32)

ESTIMATED Power vs Speed curve, with AAW & ASW operating profiles• Single GT COmbined Diesel eLectric Or Gas (CODLOG) – hybrid

• High-end ASW performance (ultra-low underwater noise)

• Adaptable and futureproof via design margins, with ‘Or’ arrangement

• Sufficient survivability

• Great match to operating profile: low whole life cost and range

• Typical warship operating profile

Type 26 FFX-II & III FREMM F110 SQ2020 F125

Diesel Generators Propulsion

Motors

Cross-

Connect

gearbox

GT

21st Century Technology

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Designated Emergency / Salvage DGs

~10m

Spac

e s

avin

g

Experience in Europe and Asia with single-GT hybrid;

• P&P system configured over four relatively short machinery spaces

• Acceptable survivability via separation

• SCR on Diesel-Gensets only (no main diesel)

• Releasing space for mission systems

• Shorter LOA

Single GT Hybrid – an Enabler for Future Proofing

Optimisation of Space – or Reduced Vessel Length

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Next Generation Large Surface Combatants

Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), Admiral John Richardson

United States Navy

2018, Defense News

“ Buy as much power as you can afford because it’s like RAM on your computer, you’re going to need more as soon as you buy it. ”

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Next Generation Large Surface Combatants

1990’s

2000’s

2010

2018

1st Gen

0.5 Gen

1.5 Gen

Albion Class and Wave Class ships

• Medium speed diesel generator based IFEP system

• Commercially available equipment – including propulsion motor

Type 45 Destroyer

• First fully navalised IFEP system in combatant class vessel

• Incorporated many new technologies optimised around efficiency

Queen Elizabeth Aircraft Carrier

• Leveraged electric propulsion equipment from T45

• Benefitted substantially from the T45 experiences

• Result: larger, more robust power system

IFEP - the Journey So Far Integrated Full Electric Propulsion

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Next Generation Large Surface Combatants

On board load composition

• Ratio between on board electrical power and propulsion power converging

• Next generation weapons and sensors drive electrical power requirements

• Becomes more efficient to integrate power generation when the ‘sweet spot’ is hit

?

IFEP – the Rationale

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Next Generation Large Surface Combatants

Technology requirements of future surface combatants:

• Higher power hotel and sensor loads

• Electromagnetic and directed energy weapons

• Energy storage:

• Robustness

• Pulse load handling

• ASW

• Engine life management

• Power density

Fiscal requirements for future surface combatants:

• Efficiency

• Cost effectiveness

• Maintenance

• Enable multi-mission flexibility / adaptability

The challenges for 2nd Generation IFEP

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Next Generation Large Surface Combatants

Performance and through life cost:

• Variable speed generation

• Optimised fuel burn

• Optimised maintenance

• Improved response to transient load demand

• Reduce conductor cross-section

• Reduced transmission losses

Supplement SGO with ESD:

• Offering efficiency whilst offering blackout prevention

• Spinning reserve requirement satisfied without burning fuel

Ease of energy storage integration:

• Sits on DC bus or DC link

• Enables silent running, blackout prevention, pulse loads etc.

• Easily distributed across the vessel

Can MV DC be the answer?

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Conclusions Power and propulsion must be designed around modern arrangements and equipment

• Electrical power generation is a strategic resource

• Thinking about technology insertion through-life, system growth – margins are

essential!

• Avoid obsolescence – naval procurement programmes may extend beyond ten years

• Military relevance must be maintained – the P&P system is at the core of this

Next generation large surface combatants will likely feature IFEP

• More robust power system design

• Integration of energy storage

• Facilitating high energy / directed energy weapons

• Enabling variable speed prime mover operation

Staying Ahead of the Curve

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