nature, nurture, and human diversity chapter 3. nature, nurture, and human diversity behavior...
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Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity
Chapter 3
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Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity
Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences Genes: Our Codes for Life
Twin Studies
Temperament Studies
Heritability
Gene-Environment Interaction
The New Frontier: Molecular Genetics
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Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity
Evolutionary Psychology: Understanding Human Nature
Natural Selection
An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality
Critiquing the Evolutionary Perspective
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Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity
Parents and Peers
Parents and Early Experiences
Peer Influence
Cultural Influences
Variations Across Cultures
Culture and the Self
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Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity
Cultural Influences
Culture and Child-Rearing
Developmental Similarities Across Groups
Gender Development
Gender Similarities and Differences
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Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity
Gender Development
The Nature of Gender
The Nurture of Gender
Reflections on Nature and Nurture
You will receive your Ch. 3 exam as you leave class – you are responsible for bringing it to class Wednesday
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WEDNESDAY, NOV. 21, 2012
Work on Ch. 3 take home exam in class
It is due Monday, November 26, 2012
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Key Terms for genetics•Genotype is the genetic makeup of a
cell, usually with reference to a specific character under consideration
•Phenotype – observable trait (hair color, eye color, etc…)
•Alleles – components of a gene (2 in each gene)
•Heterozygous – one dominant allele and one recessive allele
•Homozygous – both dominant alleles or both recessive alleles
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Punnett Square
•a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
•Used by biologist to determine the probability of an offspring’s having a particular genotype.
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Punnett Square
Allele 1 Allele 2
Allele 1
Allele 2
1&1 1&2
2&1 2&2
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Punnett Square – each pea has a dominant gene (G) and a recessive gene(g) – By using a punnett square, you can predict the results of the mating of the two peas
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Punnett Square Activity #1
• Brown eyes = B
• Blue eyes = b
• Mom has Bb
• Dad has BB
• What are the eye color possibilities of their children?
Mom B bDad
B
B
BB Bb
BB Bb
100% the children would
have Brown eyes
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Punnett Square Activity #2
• Curly hair is recessive, and straight hair is dominant. A woman with curly hair marries a man who is homozygous dominant for straight hair. Predict the outcomes for their children.
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Punnett Square Activity #3
• Black hair is homozygous dominant. Brown hair is heterozygous. Blond hair is homozygous recessive (an example of incomplete dominance). A woman with brown hair marries a man with brown hair. What are the possible outcomes for their kids?
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Punnett Square Activity #4
• Attached earlobes are dominant over free hanging earlobes. Complete the Punnett Square for the following individuals:
–Mom = BB
–Dad = bb
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Punnett Square Activity #5
• Height T = tall (5’11”-6’2”)
• Height Tt = medium (5’4”-5’10”)• Height t = short (5’3” or less) –incomplete
dominance
• Mom = 5’5”
• Dad = 6’0”
What are the possible height outcomes of their children?
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Punnett Square Activity #6
• Freckles are recessive. No freckles are dominant
• Mom = heterozygous
• Dad = homozygous recessive
What are the possible outcomes for their kids?
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Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences
Behavior Geneticists study our differences and weigh the
relative effects of heredity and environment.
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Genes: Our Codes for LifeChromosomes containing DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) are situated in the nucleus of a cell.
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Genes: Our Codes for LifeSegments within DNA consist of
genes that make proteins to determine our development.
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GenomeGenome is the set of complete instructions for making an organism, containing all the genes in that organism. Thus, the human
genome makes us human, and the genome for drosophila makes it a common house fly.
Genetically speaking, we are 99.9% the same. It is that .1%, along with our
environment, that makes us different.Additionally, at specific DNA sites, we are
99.4% as chimpanzees.
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Twin BiologyStudying the effects of heredity and
environment on two sets of twins, identical and fraternal, has come in handy.
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Separated Twins
Separated Twins
Personality, Intelligence
Abilities, Attitudes
Interests, Fears
Brain Waves, Heart Rate
A number of studies compared
identical twins raised separately
from birth, or close thereafter,
and found numerous
similarities.
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Separated Twins
Critics of separated twin studies note that such similarities can be found
between strangers. Researchers point out that differences between fraternal twins
are greater than identical twins.
Bob
Sach
a
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HOMEWORK
READ IN TEXT BOOK
Ch 3
pg 95-106