NATURAL VEGETATIONAND

WILDLIFE

INTRODUCTION• NATURAL VEGETATION- It means the vegetation

grown by nature or we can say by its own. It is also known as virgin vegetation.

• WILDLIFE- It is the animals, birds, insects of the nature.

• India is a vast country as for sure is will also have a vast biodiversity.

• India, is ranked 12 th in worlds most mega diverse countries in the world.

• India, has 47,000 plant species and 89,000 animal species.

• FAUNA-It is referred to the animal species of a particular area .

• FLORA-It is referred to the plant species of a particular area.

FACTORS EFFECTING FLORA AND FAUNA KINGDOM

• Relief– LandIt effect the vegetation in many ways,

there is not always same type of vegetation through the country.

Fertile land is given to agriculture while the forests give shelter to wildlife.

– SoilIt also effect, as we can say that

the dessert plant or animal differ from the mountainous plants or animals due to different type of soil.

• Climate– TemperatureAs the temperature decrease the

type of vegetation changes from Tropical to Subtropical to Temperate to Alpine.

– Photoperiod(Sunlight)The difference in sunlight occurs due

to latitude. Sunlight also effects in the growth of plants as plants requires sunlight for photosynthesis.

– PrecipitationIt also effects the vegetation because

water is the foremost requirement for photosynthesis.

IMPORTANCE OF FOREST• It has been very helping in – modifying local climate– Control soil erosion– Regulate stream flow– Support industries– Provide shelter to communities– Offer panoramic scene– Controls wind, temperature– Causes rainfall– Shelter to wildlife

• EcosystemIt is the inter dependence and inter

relation of the animals on plant or vice versa.

Humans are also the part of ecosystem.THEY PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN

ECOSYSTEM BY UTILIZING THE VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE – The greed of humans lead to ecological

imbalance.A very large ecosystem on land having

distinct types of vegetation and wildlife is called BIOME

VEGETATION

TYPES OF VEGETATION• Tropical rain forest

• Tropical deciduous forest• Tropical thorn forest and scrubs

• Montane forest• Mangrove forest

NATURAL VEGETATION IN INDIA

TROPICAL RAIN FOREST– There areas are restricted to heavy

rainfall.– Areas covered

• Western Ghats, Lakshadweep, Andaman, and Nicobar, Assam and Tamil Naidu coast.

– Rainfall is more than 200 cm.– Trees reach to height of 60 m.– A verity of types of trees.– No definite time for trees to shed

their leaves.– Vegetation found

• Ebony, rosewood, rubber, cinchona, mahogany.

– Animals found• Elephants, monkey, lemur and deer, one

horned rhinoceros, birds, bats, sloth, scorpions and snails.

TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST• They are also known as monsoon forest.• Receive rainfall between 70 cm to 200cm.• Shed their leaves for 6-8 weeks in dry summer.• Further divided into

– Moist and dry deciduous forest.• Moist deciduous forest

– Receive rainfall between 100cm to 200cm.– Areas covered

• Himalayas, Jharkhand, West Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Western Ghats.– Vegetation found

• Teak, Bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood, khair, kusum, arjun, mulberry.• Dry deciduous forest

– Receive rainfall between 70cm to 100cm.– Areas covered

• peninsular plateau, plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.– Vegetation found– Teak, Sal, Peepal, Neem.

• Animals found in there type of forest are– lion, tiger, pig, deer and elephant. A huge variety of birds,

lizards, snakes, and tortoises.

TROPICAL THORN FOREST AND SCRUBS

• Receive less than 70cm rainfall.• It consist thorny bushes, scrubs, trees.• Trees have deep roots in order to get

moisture.• Leaves are thick and small for minimum

evaporation.• Areas covered

– Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.

• Vegetation covered– Acacias, palms, euphorbias and cacti.

• Animals found– rats, mice, rabbits, fox, wolf, tiger, lion, wild ass, horses

and camels.

MONTANE FOREST• These forest are found between

1000m to 2000m.• These are used extensively for

grazing by nomadic tribes like the Gujjars and the Bakarwals.

• Areas covered– tropical to the tundra region

• Vegetation found– Oaks, chestnuts predominate, pine, deodar, silver fir,

spruce, cedar, Silver fir, junipers, pines, mosses, lichens and birches.

• Animals found– Kashmir stag, spotted dear, wild sheep, jack rabbit,

Tibetan antelope, yak, snow leopard, squirrels, Shaggy horn wild ibex, bear and rare red panda, sheep and goats.

MANGROVE FOREST• They are found on coast and is influenced by

tides.• The roots of plants are submerged

under water.• Areas covered– The deltas of the Ganga, the

Mahanadi, the Krishna, the Godavari and the Kaveri.

• Vegetation found– sundari trees, hard timber, Palm, coconut, keora,

agar.• Animals found– Royal Bengal Tiger, Turtles, crocodiles, gharials and

snakes.

MEDICINAL PLANTSINDIA IS KNOWN FOR ITS HERBS AND SPICES FROM ANCIENT

TIMES. SOME 2,000 PLANTS HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED IN AYURVEDA AND ATLEAST 500 ARE IN REGULAR USE. THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION’S RED LIST HAS NAMED 352 MEDICINAL

PLANTS OF WHICH 52 ARE CRITICALLY THREATENED AND 49 ENDANGERED. THE COMMONLY USED PLANTS IN INDIA ARE:

• SARPAGANDHA : Used to treat blood pressure; it is found only in India.

• JAMUN : The juice from ripe fruit is used to prepare vinegar which is carminative and diuretic, and has digestive properties. The powder of the seed is used for controlling diabetes.

• ARJUN : The fresh juice of leaves is a cure for earache. It is also used to regulate blood pressure.

• BABOOL : Leaves are used as a cure for eye sores. Its gum is used as a tonic.

• NEEM : Has high antibiotic and antibacterial properties.• TULSI PLANT : Is used to cure cough and cold.• KACHNAR : Is used to cure asthma and ulcers. The buds and

roots are good for digestive problems.

WILDLIFE

WILDLIFE RESERVES

WILDLIFE IN INDIA• India has more than 89,000 animal

species.• In India,– The elephants, most majestic mammal, are

found in the hot wet forests of Assam, Karnataka and Kerala.

– One-horned rhinoceroses live in swampy and marshy lands of Assam and West Bengal.

– Arid areas of the Rann of Kachchh and the Thar Desert are the habitat for wild ass and camels respectively.

– Indian bison, neelgai, chousingha, gazel and monkey are some other animals found in India.

• India is the only country having lion and tigers.– Asiatic lion is found Gir forest in Gujarat.– Tigers are found in the forests of Madhya Pradesh,

the Sundarbans of West Bengal and the Himalayan region.

• Ladhak’s freezing cold is a home to yak, the shaggy horned wild ox the Tibetan antelope, the bharal wild sheep, and the kiang, the ibex, bear, snow-leopard and very rare red panda.

• In the rivers, lakes and coastal areas turtles, crocodiles and gharials are found.– Latter is the only representative of a variety of

crocodile• The forests and wetlands of the country Bird

like Peacocks, peasants, ducks, parakeets, cranes and pigeons are found.

SAVE ECOSYSTEM!!!• Due to excessive exploitation of the plants and

animal human beings have imbalanced the ecosystem.

• About 1,300 plant species are endangered and 20 species are extinct. Very few animal species have been also extinct and endangered.

• The main cause of this extinction is humans.• Pollution

– Due to chemical and industrial waste, acid deposits, introduction of alien species and reckless cutting of the forests to bring land under cultivation and inhabitation, the ecosystem is also imbalanced.

STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT• Fourteen biosphere reserves have been set up in

the country to protect flora and fauna.– the Sunderbans in the West Bengal.– Nanda Devi in Uttaranchal.– the Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu. – the Nilgiris in Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

• Government has also provided Financial and technical assistance to many Botanical Gardens since 1992.

• Many project have been introduced by the government like Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard.

• Government has also setup 89 National Parks, 49 Wildlife sanctuaries and Zoological gardens take care of Natural heritage.

:At last I would like to request you all that u may not disturb our mother earth and I urge my all friends to

take this pledge“I GIVE MY PLEDGE,

AS AN HUMAN, TO SAVE AND TO FAITHFULL DEFEND,

MY MOTHER,EARTH,

FROM THE WASTE, POLLUTION, AND OTHER HARMFUL ELEMENTS,

AND WILL TAKE CARE, OF ITS FORESTS,WILDLIFE, AND OTHER NATURAL RESOURCES

I PROMISE TO NEVER POLLUTE IT.” -SAVE MOTHER

EARTH

SUBMITED TO,MRS. NAVDEEP KAUR

SUBMITED BY, K.SINGH