natural science 6 english

Teaching programme – ByME Natural Science 6

ByME

Natural Science 6

SYLLABUS

Area: Ciencias Naturales (English)

Stage: Primary Education

UNIT 1 Interaction 1


CONTENT EVALUATION CRITERIA LEARNING STANDARDS KEY COMPETENCES PAGES

Interaction. Know the working of the human body: interaction.

Identifies and locates the principal organs and systems involved in interaction: sense organs, nervous system and locomotor system.

MST 10-15

Recognises the anatomical structure of human beings.

MST 10-15

Feelings and emotions. Understand and value their own feelings as well as those of others.

Identifies their own feelings and emotions and those of their classmates.

MST, SOC 12, 13

Introduction to Science. Experimental approach to matters related to Natural Science.

Make hypotheses about both naturally occurring and staged events, through experiment or experience. Predict the results of an experience.

Carries out small experiments or experiences while making hypotheses and predictions about the end result.

MST, LTL 16

Looks for, selects and organises relevant information from direct and indirect sources.

AUT, LTL 9

Interest in the observation and in-depth study of matters related to Natural Science.

Show interest in the observation and in-depth study of matters related to Natural Science.

Shows certain precision and rigour in the observation and elaboration of practical and written work.

LTL, LIN 10-19

Use of different sources of information (direct sources, books, etc.).

Integrate information compiled through direct and indirect observation, consulting basic sources and communicating the results.

Consults and uses written documents, images, graphs.

LTL, LIN 16, 17

Communicates the results verbally or in writing, presenting them with graphic support.

LIN 7-19

Uses vocabulary appropriate to each content block.

LIN, MST 4-19

2



Verbally explains the contents related to the subject area in a clear and organised manner.

LIN 16, 17

Reading, analysis and synthesis of texts belonging to the subject area.

Obtain information relevant to previously defined facts or phenomena, making predictions about natural events.

Develops strategies suitable for accessing information in scientific texts.

LIN 9

Analyses the information, drawing conclusions, and speaks about the experience reflecting on the process. Communicates through writing and speech.

LIN, MST 9

Study techniques. Development of effective work habits.

Apply work and study strategies which allow for an effective learning process.

Knows and applies the strategies to work and study effectively.

LTL, AUT 8, 9, 18

Reflects on the work done, drawing conclusions on how to work. Learns and develops strategies for continued learning.

LTL 8, 9, 18

Individual and group work with a focus on individual and collective responsibility. Empathy and interpersonal relationships. Identity and personal autonomy.

Work in a cooperative way, taking care of their own safety and that of their classmates. Look after work tools, use materials appropriately.

Employs strategies for carrying out individual work and group work, showing skills in the peaceful resolution of conflicts.

AUT, SOC, LTL 16,17

Planning projects by sequencing tasks and organising a temporal distribution. Decision-making: criteria and outcomes. Writing reports.

Set up projects and provide reports. Presents the work on paper or digital support in a clear, neat and organised manner.

DIG, LIN 16,17

Creativity and originality in projects. Carry out projects with creative flair and provide reports with original conclusions.

Shows creativity and originality in their project work and presentations.

LIN, CUL 16,17

3


UNIT SUMMARY

This unit focuses on the human body and how we interact with each other and our environment. The brain and the nervous system are explored, together with the five senses and the locomotor system. The unit will interest and engage students as they learn how the body responds to information, how this information is processed and how responses are given. Students will revise concepts which they have previously encountered, but will now focus on these systems in much greater detail. There is a strong element of experimentation in the unit, and students will be encouraged to draw their own conclusions. They will learn about emotional growth, how the brain develops in adolescence and the changes this brings.

VALUES AND ATTITUDES

Students will learn about the body, how it interacts with the world, and will consider ways in which we keep fit and healthy, such as the importance of exercise and diet. They will also consider emotions and mental health. Students will take part in collaborative activities: sharing knowledge and ideas with their classmates. They will draw their own conclusions from experiments, and expand their horizons. Vocabulary acquisition will play a key part in learning and they will have plenty of opportunities to review and revise new language.

Fragile world

Students will learn about mental development and how this affects their emotions. They will be encouraged to think about their mental health, and how their emotional life will undergo a transformation in adolescence. By reading and discussing these issues with their peers they will understand that such changes are normal and affect everyone in this age group.

4


UNIT 2 Nutrition


Nutrition. Know the working of the human body: nutrition.

Identifies and locates the principal organs and systems involved in nutrition: respiratory, digestive, circulatory, excretory systems.

MST 24-29


MST 24-29

Healthy habits. Relate certain habits with the correct working of the body, adopt healthy habits (diet, hygiene, physical exercise and rest), and know the relationship between health and lifestyle.

Identifies healthy lifestyles and their effects on the care and maintenance of the different organs and systems.

MST, SOC 31

Identifies and values healthy habits for preventing illnesses and behaves responsibly.

MST, SOC 31

Identifies and adopts healthy diet, hygiene and rest habits.

MST, SOC 31

Recognises the toxic effects of drugs and alcohol.

MST, SOC 23




MST, LTL 30


AUT, LTL 23, 30, 31

5






LTL, LIN 22-33




LTL, LIN 22, 23, 30


LIN 20-33


LIN, MST 20-33


LIN 27, 31




LIN 23, 32


LIN, MST 23, 32




LTL, AUT 22, 23, 32


LTL 22, 23, 32

6






AUT, SOC, LTL 30, 31



DIG, LIN 30, 31



LIN, CUL 30, 31

7


UNIT SUMMARY

This unit focuses on the different systems of the human body. This topic links to ideas explored in the previous unit and further develops students’ understanding of the body. The unit explores the digestive system and the circulatory system in detail, as well as the respiratory and excretory systems. The sections contain a number of experiments which students can try out to raise their awareness of their body, and encourages students to work in pairs or small groups to share their knowledge. There is a strong emphasis on health awareness: the dangers of drug and alcohol abuse are highlighted and the importance of healthy lifestyle choices are promoted.


Students will learn about some of the principal organs of the body. This will encourage students to take an interest in their physical well-being and to value their body. Students will work in pairs and small groups, discussing different issues related to the body and considering ways to keep healthy.

Fragile world

Students will learn about healthy lifestyles, the benefits of a good diet, exercise and fresh air. Students will also develop awareness of the disadvantages of smoking, inactivity and junk food. This will help them make healthy choices in their own lives and will promote activity and interaction. Students will evaluate the choices they have and discuss their ideas with their classmates.

8


UNIT 3 Reproduction CONTENT EVALUATION CRITERIA LEARNING STANDARDS KEY COMPETENCES PAGES

Reproduction. Know the working of the human body: reproduction.

Identifies and locates the principal organs and systems involved in reproduction: male and female reproductive systems.

MST 38-43


MST 38-43

Scientific advances. Recognise the importance of scientific advances that have improved human health.

Recognises the importance of scientific advances that have improved human health and reduced infant mortality.

MST, SOC 37

Equality. Understand the importance of equality between men and women.

Understands the importance of equality between men and women.

SOC, CUL 45




MST, LTL 44


AUT, LTL 37, 44




LTL, LIN 36-45




LTL, LIN 37, 44


LIN 34-47

9




LIN, MST 34-47


LIN 39, 45




LIN 37, 46


LIN, MST 37




LTL, AUT 36, 37, 46


LTL 36, 37, 46







DIG, LIN 44, 45

10





LIN, CUL 44, 45

UNIT SUMMARY

In this unit, students will study the human reproductive system. This includes both the female and the male reproductive organs, and the sexual characteristics of both girls and boys. Students will explore the changes which take place in their bodies during adolescence, learning the causes of these changes and why they happen. This unit also deals with reproduction: exploring pregnancy, the development of the foetus and the birth process. Students will also cover progress in child birth. They will learn about ultrasound scans and consider how advances in medicine have lowered infant mortality.


Students will learn about babies and where they come from – a topic which all children are curious about. Students will work individually, as well as in pairs or groups, and will be encouraged to collaborate with their classmates. Students will be asked to analyse information, to discuss it with their partners and / or share ideas with the class. In the science project they will be asked to hypothesise an outcome, and to support their views.

Fragile world

Students will learn about gender equality. They will discover the advances that have been made in this field in the developed world over the past fifty years, but will also consider countries where gender inequality is the norm. Students will consider the causes behind this difference and explore ideas in which they can make a difference to gender inequality.

11


TERM 1 Teamwork


First aid. Know the basics of first aid. Knows the basics of first aid. MST, SOC 48, 49




MST, LTL 48, 49


AUT, LTL 48, 49




LTL, LIN 48, 49




LTL, LIN 48, 49


LIN 48, 49


LIN, MST 48, 49


LIN 48, 49

12






LIN 48, 49


LIN, MST 48, 49




LTL, AUT 48, 49


LTL 48, 49







DIG, LIN 48, 49

Creativity and originality in projects. Carrying out projects with creative flair and providing reports with original conclusions.


LIN, CUL 48, 49

13


UNIT 4 Living things


The structure of living things. Identify and describe the basic characteristics of the structure of living things.

Identifies and describes the main characteristics and functions of cells.

MST, LIN 56

Knows the structure of animal and plant cells.

MST 56

Knows the names of different tissues in living things.

MST 57

Knows the names of different systems, their function and the organs they are composed of.

MST 57

Classification of living things. Observe and classify living things. Observes, identifies and classifies living things into kingdoms: Monera, Protist, Fungus, Plant and Animal kingdoms.

MST, LTL 55, 58-61

Knows the basic characteristics of each of the kingdoms.

MST 55, 58-61

Observes and studies a process associated with the life of living things.

MST, LTL 63

Photosynthesis. Understand the importance of photosynthesis for life on Earth.

Understands the importance of photosynthesis for life on Earth.

MST, LTL 63

Classification keys. Use classification keys to aid in the identification and classification of living things.

Uses classification keys to aid in the identification and classification of living things.

MST, LTL 61

14



Scientific instruments. Use a magnifying glass or other scientific instruments.

Uses a magnifying glass or other scientific instruments.

MST, LTL 62




MST, LTL 62, 63


AUT, LTL 55, 62-64




LTL, LIN 62, 63




LTL, LIN 55, 62-64


LIN 62-64


LIN, MST 52-65


LIN 63

15






LIN 55, 63


LIN,MST 55, 63




LTL, AUT 54, 55, 64


LTL 54, 55, 64




AUT, SOC, LTL 63



DIG, LIN 62, 63



LIN, CUL 62, 63

16


UNIT SUMMARY

This unit focuses on living things and their characteristics. The students will revise ideas from previous years, but study the subject in greater depth and in more detail. They will study the seven different characteristics which organisms share and the organisation of these organisms into five separate kingdoms.

They will think about how living things are classified and study each group in more depth. They will learn about cells and cellular structures which links in to work in previous units.

They will also learn to identify and classify living organisms by using a dichotomous key. They will also learn about the importance of the process of photosynthesis.


The students will learn about the various life forms on Earth. They will see that Homo sapiens fits into the much larger group of the Animal Kingdom and that is just one of the many evolving organisms on Earth. They will see how organisms interact with their environment and with each other and will observe how the basics of life (water, oxygen and sunlight) can create new life forms.

Fragile world

The students will learn about photosynthesis; how the first life forms helped create the atmosphere, the mechanisms that plants use to photosynthesise and the importance of photosynthesis for all living creatures. Students will also consider the importance of protecting green environments and ecosystems.

17


UNIT 5 Ecosystems


Ecosystems. Observe and identify the basic characteristics and components of an ecosystem.

Observes and identifies the basic characteristics and components of an ecosystem.

MST, LIN 70, 71

Recognises and explains different types of ecosystems.

MST 70-75

Knows some examples of animal habitats. MST 70-75

Understands the relationships between living things: populations and communities.

MST 70

Food chains and food webs. Understand and explain the relationships between living things: food chains and food webs.

Understands and explains the relationships between living things: food chains and food webs.

MST, LTL 74-76

Loss of biodiversity. Understand the causes and consequences of loss of biodiversity.

Understands the causes and consequences of the extinction of species and the loss of biodiversity.

MST, SOC 77

Identifies and describes some actions of human beings that can have a damaging effect on the environment.

MST, SOC 77

Displays responsible behaviour towards other living things.

MST, SOC 77


Make hypotheses about both naturally occurring and staged events, through


MST, LTL 76, 77

18



experiment or experience. Predict the results of an experience.


AUT, LTL 69, 76-78




LTL, LIN 76, 77




68, 69, 76-78


LIN 76, 77


67-79


LIN 77




LIN 69, 78


LIN, MST 69, 78




LTL, AUT 68, 69, 78

19




LTL 68, 69, 78




AUT, SOC, LTL 77



DIG, LIN 76, 77



LIN, CUL 76, 77

20


UNIT SUMMARY

This unit focuses on the world’s ecosystems, their inhabitants and their physical features. Marine habitats are used to explain the concepts of habitat, population and communities; other ecosystems such as tropical rainforests and tundra are used to demonstrate the huge differences which are found between ecosystems and habitats in various parts of the world. The unit also focuses on food chains and food webs. The students will also study encounter the concept of ecological niches and learn about different species such as the panda and the kiwi. Protection of the environment and the value of biodiversity is also a theme of the unit.

The students will also research food webs in their local area, which will allow them to connect their studies to their local area.


The students will learn about the ecosystems, their importance to the planet and to our own lives. Matters such as protection of endangered species and the protection of habitats are explored in the unit. The students will take part in collaborative activities, sharing knowledge and ideas with their classmates. Vocabulary acquisition will play a key part in learning and they will have plenty of opportunities to review and revise their language.

Fragile world

The students will learn about biodiversity; how different species evolve to occupy certain niches, how organisms become extinct and how we can protect our environment and prevent biodiversity loss. The students will focus on species protection in Spain, particularly within the UNESCO national parks.

21


UNIT 6 Matter CONTENT EVALUATION CRITERIA LEARNING STANDARDS KEY COMPETENCES PAGES

Properties of materials. Classify certain materials according to their properties.

Classifies certain materials according to their properties.

MST, LTL 82

Identifies and explains the principal characteristics of buoyancy.

MST, LIN 83

Physical changes. Observe and identify the principal characteristics of physical changes.

Understands the principal characteristics of physical changes.

MST 84, 85

Understands the concept of change of state and gives some examples of changes of state.

MST 84, 85

Knows the concept of reversible and irreversible changes.

MST 85

Mass, volume and density. Understand the concept of mass, volume and density.

Defines mass, volume and density. MST, LIN 85

Knows and carries out simple procedures to measure mass, volume and density.

MST 85

Chemical changes. Observe and identify the principal characteristics of chemical changes.

Observes and identifies the principal characteristics of chemical changes: combustion, oxidation and fermentation.

MST 86, 87

Separating mixtures. Know different methods for separating mixtures.

Knows different methods for separating mixtures: magnetic separation, decantation, filtration, evaporation, distillation.

MST, LTL 88-90

Plans and carries out simple experiments for separating mixtures following the scientific method.

MST, LTL 90

22



Scientific instruments. Respect the norms of use of scientific instruments in the lab.

Respects the norms of use of scientific instruments in the lab.

MST, LTL, AUT 91




MST, LTL 90, 91


AUT, LTL 83, 90-92




LTL, LIN 90, 91




LTL, LIN 83, 90-92


LIN 90, 91


LIN, MST 80-93


LIN 91




LIN 83, 92


LIN, MST 83, 92

23






LTL, AUT 82, 83, 92


LTL 82, 83, 92




AUT, SOC, LTL 91



DIG, LIN 90, 91



LIN, CUL 90, 91

24


UNIT SUMMARY

This unit focuses on matter and its properties. Students will revise ideas from previous years, but study the subject in greater depth, and in more detail. They will consider pure and mixed substances, and learn how different mixtures are composed and whether these are homogenous or heterogeneous.

They will learn five different methods of separation, some of which will be put into practice in the experiment section of the unit. Finally, students will learn about the effects of chemical changes on substances.


Students will learn about the building blocks of the world around them, the basics of chemistry, and the importance which chemical processes such as fermentation or combustion have in the modern world. They will have a chance to carry out experiments in the classroom and will learn about safety in the laboratory.

Fragile world

Students will learn about safety in the lab, an important lesson for all students who take part in experiments. They will be made aware of the dangers of material which is used in laboratories and the damage it can cause to surroundings or to people. They will also learn how to protect themselves. Although some of the advice may seem obvious to the students, the importance of following safety instructions and guidelines cannot be ignored. Students will be safer and better informed, and therefore able to gain maximum benefits from using the lab.

25


TERM 2 Teamwork


Combustion. Understand the concept of combustion and its use as an energy source.

Understands the concept of combustion and its use as an energy source.

MST, SOC 94, 95




MST, LTL 94, 95


AUT, LTL 94, 95




LTL, LIN 94, 95




LTL, LIN 94, 95


LIN 94, 95


LIN, MST 94, 95


LIN 94, 95

26






LIN 94, 95


LIN, MST 94, 95




LTL, AUT 94, 95


LTL 94, 95







DIG, LIN 94, 95



LIN, CUL 94, 95

27


UNIT 7 Energy


Energy. Identify and explain different forms of energy and their general characteristics.

Identifies and explains different forms of energy and their general characteristics: light, sound, mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical.

MST, LIN 102-108

Knows and values different energy sources and how they are used in everyday life.

MST, SOC 103

Renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

Understand the concept of renewable and non-renewable energy sources and identify some of the benefits and risks of energy use.

Understands the concept of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

MST 100, 101

Identifies some of the benefits and risks of energy use.

MST 100, 101, 109

Identifies practices which produce waste, pollute and have an impact on the environment.

MST 100, 101, 109

Values the responsible use of energy sources on the planet.

MST 101

Light. Know the basic characteristics of light. Knows the natural laws that govern how light behaves: reflection, refraction, etc.

MST 104

Plans and carries out simple experiments in order to study light as an energy source.

MST, LTL 105

Plans and carries out simple experiments in order to study everyday materials and how they behave when in contact with light.

MST, LTL 105

28



Heat. Know the basic characteristics of heat. Observes and describes the effects of thermal energy on the increase in temperature and dilation.

MST, LTL, LIN 106, 107

Plans and carries out different experiments in order to study everyday materials and how they react when in contact with heat.

MST, LTL 106, 107

Sound. Plan and carry out different experiments in order to study everyday materials and how they react when in contact with sound.

Plans and carries out different experiments in order to study everyday materials and how they react when in contact with sound.

MST, LTL 108




MST, LTL 104-108


AUT, LTL 100, 101, 108-110




LTL, LIN 108, 109




LIN 101, 110


LIN, MST 101, 110

29






LTL, AUT 100, 101, 110


LTL 100, 101, 110







DIG, LIN 108, 109

30


UNIT SUMMARY

This unit focuses on energy. The students will look at where our energy comes from, particularly electrical energy which we use to power the modern world. They will learn about renewable and non-renewable energy sources and consider the advantages and disadvantages of each.

They will also study different forms of energy, focusing on light and thermal energy, reviewing areas they have studied previously and looking at both in greater depth. This unit encourages students to experiment to test their ideas about energy.


The students will study energy; its characteristics and uses. They will focus on light and thermal energy, as well as how energy is produced, and the effects this has on the environment. The students will take part in collaborative activities, sharing knowledge and ideas with their classmates. They will draw their own conclusions from experiments, and expand their horizons. Vocabulary acquisition will play a key part in learning and they will have plenty of opportunities to review and revise their language.

Fragile world

The students will learn about noise pollution and its effect on people. They will be encouraged to think about the difference between sound and noise and how noise can be considered a nuisance, even a health hazard. They will learn about the measurement of sound, and what are considered to be safe, acceptable levels of noise. They will also think about ways to combat noise pollution and steps we can all take to reduce sound levels.

31


UNIT 8 Electricity and magnetism


Electricity. Observe and identify the basic characteristics of electricity.

Observes, identifies and explains some effects of electricity.

MST, LIN 116, 117

Observes some natural phenomena of electricity and their effect (light and heat).

MST 117

Identifies the elements of an electrical circuit and constructs one.

MST 117, 122

Gives examples of conductors and insulators.

MST 114

Carries out simple experiments to study the repulsion and attraction of electrical charges and electrical currents.

MST, LTL 116, 122

Magnetism. Know the basic characteristics of magnetism.

Understands the basic characteristics of magnets and magnetism.

MST 118, 119

Knows how a compass works and what it is used for.

MST 119

Electromagnetism. Understand the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

Understands the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

MST 120

Constructs an electromagnet. MST, LTL 120

Safety. Understand and respect the norms of use of electrical appliances.

Understands and respects the norms of use of electrical appliances.

MST, LTL, AUT 123

32






MST, LTL 116-122


AUT, LTL 115, 122-124




LTL, LIN 122, 123




LTL, LIN 115, 122-124


LIN 122, 123


LIN, MST 112-125


LIN 122, 123




LIN 115, 124


LIN-MST 115, 124

33






LTL, AUT 114, 115, 124


LTL 114, 115, 124







DIG, LIN 122, 123



LIN, CUL 122, 123

34


UNIT SUMMARY

This unit focuses on the forces of magnetism and electricity, how they interact and the uses we put them to. The unit will interest and engage students as they learn about magnetic materials and their properties, and how we use them in our daily lives.

Students will revise concepts which they have previously encountered, but will now focus on these ideas in much greater detail. There is a strong element of experimentation in the unit, and students will be encouraged to draw their own conclusions.


Students will study magnetism and electricity and the relationship between the two. Students will take part in collaborative activities, sharing knowledge and ideas with their classmates. They will draw their own conclusions from experiments, and expand their horizons. Vocabulary acquisition will play a key part in learning and they will have plenty of opportunities to review and revise their language.

Fragile world

Students will learn about electrical safety and why this is so important. They will be encouraged to think about how to behave safely around electricity, and they will also be encouraged to assess potentially dangerous situations. By reading and discussing these issues with their peers, they will gain a greater practical knowledge of electricity.

35


UNIT 9 Using technology


Inventions and technological advances.

Know and value some of the most important inventions and technological advances and their contribution to our lives.

Knows and values some of the most important inventions and technological advances and their contribution to our lives and work.

MST 130, 131

Knows and describes some of the most important technological advances in the following areas: transport, medicine, communication, IT.

MST, SOC, CUL 130, 131

Communication and information technology.

Understand the characteristics of communication and information technology and its advances.

Knows the parts of a computer and about the development of the Internet as a tool for communication and information.

MST 132, 133

Uses ICT resources to communicate and collaborate.

MST 127-139

Carries out guided searches for information on the Internet.

LTL, AUT 134, 135

Is aware of the need to control the amount of time spent on using electronic devices and the Internet and is aware of how addictive they are.

LTL, SOC 134, 135

Is aware of the norms of safe conduct when using social media and the Internet.

LTL, SOC 137

36



Technical report writing. Write a technical report. Writes a technical report. MST, LTL, AUT 136




MST, LTL 136


AUT, LTL 128, 129, 136




LTL, LIN 136, 137




LTL, LIN 129, 136-138


LIN 136, 137


LIN, MST 127-139


LIN 136, 137




LIN 129, 138


LIN, MST 129, 138

37






LTL, AUT 128, 129, 138


LTL 128, 129, 138




AUT, SOC, LTL 137



DIG, LIN 136



LIN, CUL 136

38


UNIT SUMMARY

This unit focuses on technology and its uses, from the Industrial Revolution to the present day. Students will follow the progression of ideas from the steam age to the digital age, and will consider advances in all areas of life.

There is a strong emphasis on computing and digital technology which impinges directly on students’ lives today. Students’ vocabulary and knowledge of computing will be developed in a practical and modern way.


Students will learn about technology and the way it has altered the world. They will learn about computing, the Internet and its many different applications to modern life. Students will also be made aware of the importance of respectful online behaviour. They will learn how to be safe in cyberspace, while appreciating the endless possibilities which computing and modern technology open up for young people.

Fragile world

Students will learn about Internet safety. This is a vital issue in today’s world, and one which students, who become digitally independent at a young age, have to be aware of. Students will read about the different types of dangers which exist online and develop awareness of how to detect and avoid them.

39


TERM 3 TeamworkCONTENT EVALUATION CRITERIA LEARNING STANDARDS KEY COMPETENCES PAGES

Machines. Know the components and basic characteristics of machines, differentiating between and giving examples of simple and complex machines.

Identifies different types of machines and classifies them according to the number of pieces, how they work and what they do.

MST, LTL 140, 141

Observes and describes some of the components of machines.

MST, LIN 140, 141

Observes and identifies some of the uses of machines and how they help us in our lives.

MST, SOC 140, 141




MST, LTL 140, 141


AUT, LTL 140, 141




LTL, LIN 140, 141




LTL, LIN 140, 141


LIN 140, 141


LIN, MST 140, 141

40




LIN 140, 141




LIN 140, 141


LIN, MST 140, 141




LTL, AUT 140, 141


LTL 140, 141







DIG, LIN 140, 141



LIN, CUL 140, 141

41

natural science 6 english

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natural events

relevant information

information relevant

indepth study of matters