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Objectives: 1) Provide examples of renewable and nonrenewable resources. How do they differ? 2) What are the positives and negatives of using coal and natural gas? 3) List 3 ways that humans might have hurt biodiversity. 4) Describe two ways that humans have helped to restore biodiversity.

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

Renewable/NonRenewable/Non--Renewable Resources Renewable Resources

SustainabilitySustainability

Biodiversity Biodiversity

ConservationConservation

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

�� Anything Anything made by naturemade by nature and and needed by needed by

living organisms.living organisms.

�� Ex. Ex. Land, water, air, coal, oil, natural gasLand, water, air, coal, oil, natural gas

http://www.arizonamemorial.org/images/page-headers/locations/kalaupapa-natural

�� Renewable ResourcesRenewable Resources

–– Can be Can be replacedreplaced in in reasonable amount of timereasonable amount of time

–– Water, soil, air, and wildlifeWater, soil, air, and wildlife

�� Nonrenewable ResourcesNonrenewable Resources

–– Cannot replaceCannot replace rapidly or in rapidly or in fixedfixed quantitiesquantities

–– Minerals and fossil fuelsMinerals and fossil fuels

�� ConcernConcern for conserving natural resources:for conserving natural resources:

ConcernsConcerns

�� Population Population increasesincreases

�� Resources are Resources are consumedconsumed in in greatergreater quantitiesquantities

�� Environment Environment degradesdegrades as result of useas result of use

�� DemandDemand for resources is major threat to for resources is major threat to

biodiversitybiodiversity

LandLand

�� Used for a variety Used for a variety

of purposes:of purposes:

–– FarmingFarming

–– HousingHousing

–– MiningMining

–– RecreationRecreation

http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/images/wsci_03_img0308.jpg

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Water, Water Everywhere and Water, Water Everywhere and

Not a Drop to Drink!Not a Drop to Drink!

�� Of ALL the water on EarthOf ALL the water on Earth . . .. . .

–– Only Only 2.82.8%% is is freshwaterfreshwater

�� Only Only .7%.7% is is not in glaciers or ice capsnot in glaciers or ice caps

–– Only Only .01%.01% is is surface watersurface water

�� Only .Only .003%003% is is potablepotable (drinkable)!(drinkable)!

www.iowastormwater.org

AirAir

��50%50% of air pollutants in the US of air pollutants in the US

come from come from transportationtransportation

��28%28% from from burning fuelsburning fuels for electric for electric

and heat.and heat.

Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels

�� Derived from plants that died millions of Derived from plants that died millions of

years ago, thus years ago, thus NONNON--RENEWABLERENEWABLE

�� Includes Includes coal, oil and natural gascoal, oil and natural gas..

CoalCoal

�� The The most abundant fossil fuelmost abundant fossil fuel..

�� BurnedBurned to to produce electricityproduce electricity and for heating.and for heating.

�� 70%70% of coal burned in US is to create of coal burned in US is to create electricityelectricity. .

(Rest is used in manufacturing)(Rest is used in manufacturing)

CoalCoal

�� 2/3 2/3 of coal minedof coal mined in US is through in US is through

surface mining, or strip mining.surface mining, or strip mining.

�� Destroys surfaceDestroys surface. .

In US, companies now required to In US, companies now required to restorerestore land. land.

($$)($$)

http://www.carlmaples.com/Arz_Strip_Mine.jpg

CoalCoal�� Air pollutionAir pollution is a major concern.is a major concern.

�� 70%70% of of sulfur dioxide emissionssulfur dioxide emissions come from come from

burning coal.burning coal.

�� Many other air pollutants, including Many other air pollutants, including carbon carbon

dioxide dioxide are also released.are also released.

�� Carbon dioxide has been linked to the Carbon dioxide has been linked to the

greenhouse effectgreenhouse effect..

http://www.solcomhouse.com/Greenhouse_Effect.gif

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CoalCoal�� Underground or Tunnel mining has an Underground or Tunnel mining has an impactimpact, , too.too.

�� Acids and chemicals polluteAcids and chemicals pollute waterways.waterways.

�� Abandoned mines collapseAbandoned mines collapse leading to land leading to land

subsidencesubsidence..

http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Geoumweltschutz/Bilder/Umw__Geoumwelt__Bild__2__g,property=default.jpg

http://www.imsif.com/images/whatis_sag.gif

OilOil

�� 63%63% of oil used in the US is for of oil used in the US is for transportation.transportation.

�� 25%25% industryindustry

�� 9%9% heatingheating homes and businesseshomes and businesses

�� 3%3% generating generating electricityelectricity

�� Over 6,000 Over 6,000 productsproducts come from oil:come from oil:

Plastics Fertilizers Pesticides MedicinesPlastics Fertilizers Pesticides Medicines

Waxes Asphalt Natural gas GasolineWaxes Asphalt Natural gas Gasoline

OilOil

�� DrillingDrilling occurs on occurs on land land and in the and in the oceanocean..

�� SpillsSpills can occur during the can occur during the drillingdrilling process, while process, while pumpingpumping

it from the ground, and during it from the ground, and during transportation.transportation.

�� Hazardous wasteHazardous waste::

toxic chemicals, can burn, smothers organisms toxic chemicals, can burn, smothers organisms

�� Crude oilCrude oil comes from the ground. comes from the ground.

It is then It is then refined refined through fractional distillationthrough fractional distillation

Heated Vaporized Cooled SeparatedHeated Vaporized Cooled Separated

Natural GasNatural Gas

�� MethaneMethane and other gasses, including and other gasses, including butanebutane and and propanepropane..

�� 41%41% of natural gas used in the US is for of natural gas used in the US is for heatingheatingresidences and businesses.residences and businesses.

�� 15%15% generates generates electricityelectricity

�� 3%3% transportationtransportation

Natural GasNatural Gas

�� Much Much less air pollutionless air pollution than coal and oil.than coal and oil.

�� Burns Burns hotterhotter..

�� EasierEasier to transport and use.to transport and use.

�� Least abundantLeast abundant of the fossil fuels.of the fossil fuels.

BiodiversityBiodiversity

�� Richness Richness and diversity of and diversity of lifelife on Earthon Earth

�� Certain Certain speciesspecies might be might be resourcesresources to to

humanshumans

––Use for aUse for agriculturegriculture, , medicinemedicine, , sciencescience, ,

and and enjoymentenjoyment

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ExtinctionExtinction

�� Complete lossComplete loss of species of organism of species of organism from Earthfrom Earth

�� 55 major major mass extinctionsmass extinctions

–– 65 million years ago65 million years ago——wiped outwiped out dinosaursdinosaurs

–– Believed caused by Believed caused by catastrophic natural catastrophic natural

disastersdisasters

��Volcanic Volcanic eruptionseruptions •• Asteroid Asteroid impactsimpacts

��Outbreak of Outbreak of diseasedisease •• Changes in Changes in climateclimate

�� Belief that Belief that humanshumans are are causing sixth mass extinctioncausing sixth mass extinction

–– Result ofResult of::

��HHabitat abitat destructiondestruction

��CommercialCommercial huntinghunting

��Introduction of Introduction of invasive speciesinvasive species

��Environmental Environmental degradationdegradation

–– As As population increasespopulation increases, , more land neededmore land needed for:for:

��Industry, housing, transportation, and Industry, housing, transportation, and agricultureagriculture

�� Introduction of Invasive SpeciesIntroduction of Invasive Species–– Exotic or alien speciesExotic or alien species introduced introduced

��Where Where not normally foundnot normally found

–– Cause Cause destructiondestruction of ecosystemsof ecosystems

��Populations Populations growgrow rapidlyrapidly

��SpreadSpread from from lack of natural enemieslack of natural enemies

–– Plants, animals, fish, insects, and fungiPlants, animals, fish, insects, and fungi

(Chestnut Blight (Chestnut Blight –– Zebra Mussels)Zebra Mussels)

Emerald Ash Borer Larva

�� Pollution of air, water, and soilPollution of air, water, and soil

–– Destroys and depletes Destroys and depletes habitatshabitats

��Industrial processesIndustrial processes andand consumptionconsumption of of natural resourcesnatural resources

��Production of energyProduction of energy

��Only chance of survivalOnly chance of survival for for

some speciessome species——captivitycaptivity

The Endangered Species ActThe Endangered Species Act

�� Designed to Designed to protect endangered or threatened protect endangered or threatened speciesspecies

–– Endangered speciesEndangered species

��Organisms whose Organisms whose populationpopulation has has decreaseddecreased

��Immediate dangerImmediate danger of becoming of becoming extinctextinct

–– Threatened speciesThreatened species

��Numbers are Numbers are decliningdeclining

��Saved if Saved if steps takensteps taken to to protectprotect

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Wildlife ManagementWildlife Management

�� PlannedPlanned use, use, protectionprotection, and control of , and control of

wildlifewildlife

�� SpecialistsSpecialists

–– Require very Require very specific specific habitat habitat

requirementsrequirements

––Most susceptibleMost susceptible

(Pandas eat only specific type bamboo (Pandas eat only specific type bamboo found in mountains of China)found in mountains of China)

�� TechniquesTechniques

––Habitat Habitat improvementimprovement

�� Establishing wildlife refuges & wilderness areasEstablishing wildlife refuges & wilderness areas

��Protected ecosystemProtected ecosystem

��Contain only native speciesContain only native species

�� Controlled hunting and Controlled hunting and fisheries managementfisheries management

–– RegulatingRegulating seasonsseasons

–– LimitsLimits on size & number species harvestedon size & number species harvested

–– RestockingRestocking

–– ProtectionProtection of of breedingbreeding groundsgrounds

Think AboutThink About

�� What can you do to support and promote What can you do to support and promote recyclingrecycling??

�� What can you do to support and promote What can you do to support and promote reusingreusing??

�� What can you do to support and promote What can you do to support and promote refusing (reducingrefusing (reducing))??

�� Why must we Why must we protectprotect the Earththe Earth’’s animal and s animal and plant species and resources?plant species and resources?