natural resource: fishing. east coast fishery fisherman noticed they were catching fewer and smaller...
TRANSCRIPT
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Natural Resource: Fishing
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East Coast Fishery
Fisherman noticed they were catching fewer and smaller fish.
The Canadian government responded in 1992 by halting all fishing for northern cod and by making major cuts in the catches allowed for other groundfish species.
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East Coast Fishery
When the groundfish ban was imposed, expected that fish populations would recover in 5-7 years.
cod stocks have remained at or below 1992 levels.
The fishing industry has responded by diversifying its catch
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Why the collapse ? no single cause responsible
fish are a renewable resource as long as managed properly
Sustainable yield management : use of a renewable resource at a rate that allows the resource to renew itself
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Why the collapse?
5 major factors responsible for the collapse:
1. Overfishing
2. improved fishing technology,
3. uncontrolled foreign fishing,
4. destructive fishing practices,
5. changes in natural conditions
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Five Major Factors
1. Overfishing :
catch allowed by federal gov’t each year was too high
overestimate of # fish reach maturity each year
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Five Major Factors2. Improved Fishing Technology
After WWII larger, more powerful, engine-driven trawlers developed
Allowed for faster and more accurate location of fish
made overfishing easier
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Five Major Factors3. Uncontrolled Foreign Fishing
Canada allowed uncontrolled fishing until the 1970s
Countries urge UN to allow extensions of their national fishing limits to protect their fish stock
1977, UN allowed Canada to extend its control to 370km
Foreign fleet working inside the limit had to follow Canadian fishing restrictions
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Five Major Factors
4. Destructive Fishing Practices
Bottom Trawling :
Issue: bycatch, damage to seafloor ecosystem
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Five Major Factors
5. Changes in Natural Conditions
Changes in environmental conditions blamed for decline in fish stock
water temperatures decreasing, salinity increaing
decline of seal industry in late 70s
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West Coast Fishery
The most important catch on the West Coast is salmon
1994, one million fewer salmon arrived at spawning ground in BC
Several reasons for partial collapse
1. overfishing
2. changes in the environment
3. Lack of Salmon Fishing Treaty
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Factors for the Collapse
1. Overfishing :
• During 90’s American and Canadian salmon-fishing boats were catching 800 000 tonnes of fish per year
• Too few adult fish reached spawning rivers
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Factors for the Collapse
2. Changes in the Environment :
Global warming increase the temperature of the Pacific Ocean
7℃ (salmon prefer water below this)
Continues to warm, salmon’s range shift northward
Canada will lose its west coast salmon fishery
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Factors for the Collapse
3. Lack of Salmon Fishing Treaty
Longstanding dispute between Canada and US
Where salmon can be caught and how much per Country
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Challenges to West Coast Fishery
Difficulty balancing limited supply of fish with a growing demand
Three competing demands for Salmon in BC:
1. Fishing by First Nations
2. Sports fishing
3. Commercial fishing
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Fishing by First Nations
two reasons for the increase demand for salmon by Aboriginal people
1. Supreme Court decision 1990
2. Right to commercially fish is focus of many First Nation land claims in BC
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Sport Fishing
wanted a bigger share of the available salmon
The sport of fishing brings in revenue for the province of BC
Commercial Fishing• overfishing
• Desire for larger share of the available salmon
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Aquaculture: Blessing or a Curse?
Primary reasons why aquaculture is a threat to fishery in British Columbia:
Farm raised salmon is cheaper to sell
Wild salmon is more expensive
More salmon is produced in pens than caught naturally in the wild
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Pests such as sea lice proliferate in fish farms and spread out to afflict wild fish.
Sea lice are especially damaging to salmon, sometimes eating away the flesh
Viral, fungal and bacterial diseases that arise in fish farms have spread to native fish populations
Aquaculture Cntd…