natural hazard monitoringwebarchiv.ethz.ch/geometh-data/student/eg1/2007/05... · fissure water...

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Natural Hazard MonitoringNatural Hazard Monitoring

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ETH Zürich


MonitoringMonitoring and and RiskRisk ManagementManagement

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ETH Zürich


Monitoring is a Monitoring is a PartPart of of RiskmanagmentRiskmanagment

Monitoring Tasks are subcontracting TasksMonitoring Tasks are subcontracting Tasks

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ETH Zürich


Classification of ObjectsClassification of Objects

● Natural Hazards- Landslides

- Rock falls

- Glaciers

- Tectonics (Earthquakes)

- Volcanoes

- ……..

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ETH Zürich


LandslidesLandslides

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ETH Zürich


AktivitiesAktivities of geomETH (1994of geomETH (1994--2007)2007)

Objekt Period GPS Total Station Distance

Laser-scanning

Hydro-static

Geom/Triglevelling

Extenso-meter

96-

95-97

97-07

98-

93-

06

99

96-99

98-99

92-03

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Georadar

Brattas /St. Moritz x x

Thusis/ Scharanz/ Heinzenberg

x x

Cuolm da Vi x x

Nalps/Cunera/St. Maria/Val Termine

x (p) x (p)

AlpTransit(Gotthard/Ceneri)

x x

La Frasse X (p)

Albinen x x

Basel X (p)

Chapf x x (X) x

Saas Tal x x

(p)=permanent

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ETH Zürich


Examples Land Slides / Rock Falls/ GlaciersExamples Land Slides / Rock Falls/ Glaciers

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ETH Zürich


LandslidesLandslides

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ETH Zürich


““GleitbachGleitbach”” SchSchäänisnis St. St. GallenGallen

Hangrutsch Schänis

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ETH Zürich


BrattasBrattas St. MoritzSt. Moritz

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ETH Zürich


BrattasBrattas/ St. Moritz/ St. Moritz

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ETH Zürich


Visualisation of the Results of the Visualisation of the Results of the BrattasBrattas LandslideLandslide

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ETH Zürich


Landslides: Landslides: La La FrasseFrasse (VD)(VD) FalliFalli HHööllilli (FR) (FR)

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ETH Zürich


Landslide: Albinen, WallisLandslide: Albinen, Wallis

Albinen

Tschäss

Ausschnitt aus der Landeskarte 1:50'000 Blatt 273

0 0.5 1 km

N

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ETH Zürich


Landslide Le Landslide Le PresePrese

The landslide was preceded by heavy rainfall.

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ETH Zürich


GurtnellenGurtnellen ((ReussReuss))

Before the heavy rainfall After the rainfall

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ETH Zürich


KinematicKinematic and Terminology of Landslidesand Terminology of Landslides

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. IngensandCruden&Varnes 1996

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ETH Zürich


Landslide Geologic Definitions (Landslide Geologic Definitions (LutzenbergLutzenberg St. St. GallenGallen, 2004), 2004)

S.Löw 2006House destroyed

Transit area

Sliding Surface

Rupture area

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ETH Zürich


Sliding MechanismsSliding Mechanisms

Cruden&Varnes 1996

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ETH Zürich


Landslide Models in Landslide Models in GeologyGeology

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ETH Zürich


● Weathering● Natural sheet of drift● Rain fall● Temperature changes● Physical or chemical processes● Water pressure● Groundwater table● Road and rail traffic● Own weight● Wind● Release● Load● etc.

InfluencesInfluences

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MultiMulti--InfluencesInfluences

Meteo Geo

Funktion/

EnvironmentTraffic

Object

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ETH Zürich


Permanent Permanent motionmotion--inducinginducing factorsfactors

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ETH Zürich


EpisodicEpisodic FactorsFactors at Landslidesat Landslides

Factor Cause(natural)

Cause(human induced)

Result

Change of the mountain water content

irregular rainfallFrost plugFrost expansionBackwaterIce and snow melting

Defect waterpipesLeaking sewersDestroyed drainageAufstau

Change of the consistencyPlastification of fissure fillingFissure water pressurebuoyancy weatheringHydrolyse

Vibrations Earth quakes BlastingRamming and boring activitiesOngoing Traffic

Pore water pessureThixotropyChange of tensionscarification

Cange of the load irregular rainfallMelting water, meltuingpermafrostFrost plug

BuildingsDumps, tips

Change of tension

Change of the figure undercutting Slope sections and slope intersections

Change of tension

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ETH Zürich


BewegunsfBewegunsföördernderdernde FaktorenFaktoren

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ETH Zürich


Landslide induced by a leaking sewerLandslide induced by a leaking sewer

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ETH Zürich


Das LASDas LAS

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ETH Zürich


GeometryGeometry of Landslidesof Landslides

Translations

and Rotations

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ETH Zürich


Problems of the interpretation of Movements of Monitored PointsProblems of the interpretation of Movements of Monitored Points

● Inclination of Pillars● Surface Kinematic● Plastification Shift +

Rotation

Layers

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ETH Zürich


Landslide Landslide MonitoringMonitoring InstrumentsInstruments

((CombinationCombination of of GeodeticGeodetic and and GeotechnicGeotechnic Instruments and Instruments and MethodsMethods))

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ETH Zürich


Automatic Monitoring of an unstable Slope in Automatic Monitoring of an unstable Slope in LauterbrunnenLauterbrunnen Valley (Valley (SolexpertsSolexperts))

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ETH Zürich


RockfallsRockfalls

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ETH Zürich


Heavy Heavy RockfallsRockfalls in Switzerlandin Switzerland

● Flims 5000 B.C.● Art Goldau ca. 1800● Randa 1991● Axenstrasse 1995● Innertkirchen 2001● Gurtnellen 2006

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ETH Zürich


Cruden&Varnes 1996

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ETH Zürich


Montreux (1988)Montreux (1988)

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ETH Zürich


Scanning: Rockfall ScharansScanning: Rockfall Scharans

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ETH Zürich


Rock Fall Rock Fall ChapfChapf, , InnertkirchenInnertkirchen BEBE

Grimselstrasse 2000

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ETH Zürich


ChapfChapf

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ETH Zürich


Situation of the Situation of the ChapfChapf Rock FallRock Fall

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ETH Zürich


● Automatic measuring station at the opposite slope

● Distributed prisms at the object

● Extensometer

● Alarm device, coupled with traffic lights at the Grimselpass Road

● Removal of the road behind a security dam

● Evaluation of a hydrostatic measuring system for the control of the front rock edge

● Georadar measuring for analysis of the underground course of gaps

● Danger was reduced by specific blasting of the object in 2001.

Metrology of the Metrology of the ChapfChapf Rock FallRock Fall

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ETH Zürich


Sensors of Rockfalls Sensors of Rockfalls

Extensometer

Inklinometer

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ETH Zürich


ETH Monitoring ConceptETH Monitoring Concept

vertical Translations

Rotations

L1Referenz

L4

L3

L2

0CDatalogger

Vectors

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ETH Zürich


CuolmCuolm da da VVìì / / SedrunSedrun

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ETH Zürich


● Gaps: Several meters wide and deep, 30 m and longer

● ETH 1981 / 1983: Photogrammetric documentation, tacheometric monitoring network over a wide area, gap network with mekometer, expected deformations in the mm-range

● ETH 1987: Sequence measuring with mekometer → deformation in the dm-range!

● ETH 1997: Conversion to GPS Observation of all points

● ETH 1999/2005/2007: Sequence measurement with GPS

● 1989 to date: Several further measuring with GPS and Photogrammetry

● Since approx. 1999: Daily measurements of a distance form the valley to the sliding area

CuolmCuolm da da VVìì

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ETH Zürich


Cuolm da Vì

Displacement: Different Displacement: Different VisualisationVisualisation

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ETH Zürich


RandaRanda before 18 April 1991before 18 April 1991

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ETH Zürich


RandaRanda after 19 May 1991after 19 May 1991

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ETH Zürich


RockfallRockfall RandaRanda 19911991

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ETH Zürich


Rock Fall Monitoring using Rock Fall Monitoring using RadarinterferometryRadarinterferometry

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ETH Zürich


Rockfall Rockfall LopperLopper--HaslihornHaslihorn N2N2

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ETH Zürich


Glacier WeisshornGlacier Weisshorn

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ETH Zürich


ROBOVec

Multisensor based Monitoring System for Disaster Prevention

WUHAN UNIVERSITY

MUMOSY

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ETH Zürich


Is a forecast of an event possible?Is a forecast of an event possible?

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ETH Zürich


Monitoring Software Leica Monitoring Software Leica GeoMoSGeoMoS

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ETH Zürich


Rockfall Rockfall LopperLopper--HaslihornHaslihorn

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ETH Zürich


Geomonitor Geomonitor withwith DigitalDigital--levelslevels

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ETH Zürich


RockfallRockfall MonitoringMonitoring

S.Löw 2006

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ETH Zürich


● TU Dresden: Skript Bauwerksüberwachungsmessung:http://wwwgi.geo.tu-dresden.de/ig/formulare/vl_bw.pdf

● Handbuch Ingenieurgeodäsie: Auswertung geodätischer Überwachungsmessungen, Wichmann Verlag, ISBN 3-87907-295-7

● Swiss Re: The Force of Water, Herbert Tiedemann, 1988

LiteratureLiterature

http://wwwgi.geo.tu-dresden.de/ig/formulare/vl_bw.pdf

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ETH Zürich


EndEnd

natural hazard monitoringwebarchiv.ethz.ch/geometh-data/student/eg1/2007/05... · fissure water...

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