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NATURAL GAS INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2013 edition) - 1

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

NATURAL GAS INFORMATION

DOCUMENTATION FOR BEYOND 2020 FILES

2 - NATURAL GAS INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2013 edition)


TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction ............................................................................ 3

2. Description of the B20/20 Service ........................................ 5 OECD Supply and Consumption by Sector ....................................................... 6

OECD Imports ................................................................................................... 9

OECD Exports ................................................................................................. 11

World Balance ................................................................................................. 13

World Imports .................................................................................................. 16

3. Definitions ............................................................................ 17

4. Geographical Coverage ...................................................... 24

5. Country Notes ...................................................................... 26

6. Country Specific Conversion Factors ............................... 38



1. INTRODUCTION Natural Gas Information 2013 is the latest edition of a publication on natural gas that has been produced annually since 1996. Previously, statistical information on natural gas was included in the publication Oil and Gas Information; however given the increasing importance of natural gas in the world, the need was seen for a publication dedicated solely to this energy source.

The report is intended to provide both energy policy makers and those employed in all sectors of the gas industry with information on current natural gas trends and prospects.

Natural Gas Information 2013 brings together in one volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on natural gas supply and demand. It also includes information on prices, storage capacity, LNG versus pipeline trade, LNG terminals as well as maps on the distribution network in OECD countries1,2.

Part I of this publication provides a summary of the IEA’s publication Medium-Term Oil and Gas Markets 2013.

Part II of this publication provides summary tables of world natural gas developments, with time series back to early 1970s.

Parts III and IV provide, in tabular form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture of gas supply and demand for the OECD by region and individual countries.

Part V includes historical time series of production and consumption by sector.

Part VI shows the gas pipeline network for important gas regions and for each OECD country, and provides some information on the organisation and regulation of gas transportation in the country.

The OECD has 34 Member countries. Energy data for all individual Member countries are presented in Parts III, IV and V. OECD totals and regional aggregates are also provided. In some instances, particularly where energy forecasts are concerned, only IEA aggregates are used.

The IEA has 28 Member countries: all the Member countries of the OECD except Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Mexico and Slovenia.

Statistics for OECD countries are based on data submissions from national administrations to the Secretariat. Statistics up to 2011 are from the Annual Gas Statistics (AGS) questionnaire, while data for 2012 are based on estimates submitted by national administrations.

Data for non-OECD countries are primarily from the IEA’s database on World Energy Statistics. The database covers supply and demand for all forms of energy for over 100 non-OECD countries from 1971 to 2012. The data have been collected from national statistical publications and through collaboration with other international organisations and the energy industry.

1. This document is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. 2. In this publication, “country” refers to a country or a territory, as the case may be.



Annual gas data are collected by the Energy Data Centre (EDC) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Mr. Jean-Yves Garnier. Ms. Ana-Luisa Sao Marcos was responsible for the natural gas data collection from countries until mid April 2013. Ms. Ágnes Sin took over from her and is currently responsible for annual natural gas data collection and publication. Ms. Liliana Suchodolska was involved in the finalisation of this edition.

Also in the IEA Secretariat, thanks are due to the non-OECD member countries section of the Energy Data Centre headed by Mr. Pierre Boileau and to the OECD Balances section headed by Ms. Karen Treanton. Mrs. Sharon Burghgraeve contributed her desktop publishing support. Ms. Mieke Reece has overall responsibility for this publication.

Parts III, IV and V data are also available on CD-Rom. For more information on other IEA energy statistics publications or to order information, please refer to the end of this publication.

In addition a data service is available on the internet. It includes unlimited access through an annual subscription as well as the possibility to obtain data on a pay-per-view basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org.

Enquiries about data or methodology in this publication should be addressed to:

Ms. Mieke Reece Energy Statistics Division, International Energy Agency 9 Rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France

E-mail: [email protected].



2. DESCRIPTION OF THE B20/20 SERVICE The Natural Gas Information database contains time series of annual gas supply balances for OECD and non-OECD countries from 1960 to 2012. Country aggregates for OECD Total, OECD Americas, OECD Asia Oceania, OECD Europe, IEA and regional totals. Statistics for the World include data on production, total imports and exports and gross inland consumption, as well as imports by origin. For the OECD countries, more detailed information on supply and consumption by sector is available.

The database is updated in April and August each year. In April, the OECD files were updated with 2011 data and revisions to previous years. In August, they were updated with revisions and 2012 data, and the World files were updated with 2011 information and 2012 estimates.

The IEA Natural Gas Data Service is structured into five parts:

1. OECD Supply and Consumption by Sector (NGBALCON)

Contains data on production, total imports and exports, stock changes, gross inland consumption, stock levels, and data for transformation, energy and end-use consumption.

2. OECD Imports (NGIMPORT)

Contains the breakdown of imports by country of origin. Data are shown for total trade, pipeline and LNG.

3. OECD Exports (NGEXPORT)

Contains the breakdown of exports by country of destination.

4. World Supply (NGWBAL)

Contains data on production, total imports and exports, and gross inland consumption by country.

5. World Imports (NGWIMP)

Contains the breakdown of imports by country of origin. Data are shown for total trade, pipeline and LNG.

For each of these five parts, data are either in Terajoules or in Million cubic metres.



OECD Supply and Consumption by Sector (NGBALCON) This database structure has four dimensions:

i) Country

Code Country AUSTRALI Australia AUSTRIA Austria BELGIUM Belgium CANADA Canada CHILE Chile CZECH Czech Republic DENMARK Denmark ESTONIA Estonia FINLAND Finland FRANCE France GERMANY Germany GREECE Greece HUNGARY Hungary ICELAND Iceland IRELAND Ireland ISRAEL3 Israel ITALY Italy JAPAN Japan KOREA Korea LUXEMBOU Luxembourg MEXICO Mexico NETHLAND Netherlands NZ New Zealand NORWAY Norway POLAND Poland PORTUGAL Portugal SLOVAKIA Slovak Republic SLOVENIA Slovenia SPAIN Spain SWEDEN Sweden SWITLAND Switzerland TURKEY Turkey UK United Kingdom USA United States

3. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.



Code Region OECDTOT OECD Total OECDAM OECD Americas OECDAO OECD Asia Oceania OECDEUR OECD Europe IEATOT IEA Total IEAAM IEA Americas IEAAO IEA Asia Oceania IEAEUR IEA Europe

Please note: there is no natural gas data for Iceland, as there is neither production nor consumption.

ii) Product

Code Product NATGASCM Natural Gas (Million Cubic Metres) NATGASTJ Natural Gas (Terajoules)

iii) Flow

Code Flow INDPROD Indigenous Production AGASPRD Associated Gas NAGASPRD Non-Associated COLLIERY Colliery Gas OTHER From Other Sources TOTIMPSB Imports (Balance) TOTEXPSB Exports (Balance) BUNKERS International Marine Bunkers STCHANAT Stock Changes INDCONC Inland Consumption (calculated) STATDIFF Statistical Difference INDCONO Inland Consumption (observed) OSNATTER Opening Stock Level CSNATTER Closing Stock Level VENTED Gas Vented FLARED Gas Flared CUSHCSNAT Cushion Gas Closing Stock Level OSOIL From Other Sources - Oil OSCOAL From Other Sources - Coal OSRENEW From Other Sources - Renewables TOTTRANF Transformation Sector - Total MAINELEC Main Activity Producer Electricity Plants AUTOELEC Autoproducer Electricity Plants MAINCHP Main Activity Producer Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plants AUTOCHP Autoproducer Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plants MAINHEAT Main Activity Producer Heat Plants AUTOHEAT Autoproducer Heat Plants TGASWKS Gas Works (Transformation) TCOKEOVS Coke Ovens (Transformation) TBLASTFUR Blast Furnaces (Transformation) TGTL Gas to Liquids (Transformation) TNONSPEC Not Elsewhere Specified (Transformation) TOTENGY Energy Industry Own Use - Total EMINES Coal Mines



Code Flow EOILGASEX Oil and Gas Extraction EREFINER Inputs to Oil Refineries ECOKEOVS Coke Ovens (Energy) EBLASTFUR Blast Furnaces (Energy) EGASWKS Gas Works (Energy) EPOWERPLT Electricity, CHP and Heat Plants ELNG Liquefaction (LNG) / Regasification EGTL Gas to Liquids (Energy) ENONSPEC Not Elsewhere Specified (Energy) DISTLOSS Distribution Losses FINCONS Final Consumption - Total TOTTRANS Transport - Total ROAD Road ROADBIOGAS of which Biogas PIPELINE Pipeline Transport TRNONSPE Not Elsewhere Specified (Transport) TOTIND Industry - Total IRONSTL Iron and Steel CHEMICAL Chemicals including Petrochemicals NONFERR Non-ferrous Metals NONMET Non-metallic Mineral Products TRANSEQ Transport Equipment MACHINE Machinery MINING Mining and Quarrying FOODPRO Food Processing Beverages and Tobacco PAPERPRO Pulp Paper and Printing WOODPRO Wood and Wood Products CONSTRUC Construction TEXTILES Textiles and Leather INONSPEC Not Elsewhere Specified (Industry) TOTOTHER Other - Total COMMPUB Commercial and Public Services RESIDENT Residential AGRICULT Agriculture FISHING Fishing ONONSPEC Not Elsewhere Specified (Other) NONENUSETJ Non-Energy Use (Industry) FEEDSTOCK Petrochemical Feedstocks OTHERNONENUSE Other Non-Energy Use

iv) Time

Yearly data from 1960 to 2012. Data for the period 1960-1970 are not available for some countries.



OECD Imports (NGIMPORT) This database structure has four dimensions:

i) Country

Please refer to section 2.1.i.

ii) Product

Code Product NATGASCM Natural Gas (Million Cubic Metres) NATGASTJ Natural Gas (Terajoules) PIPECM Memo: Pipelines (Million Cubic Metres) PIPETJ Memo: Pipelines (Terajoules) LNGCM Memo: Liquefied Natural Gas (Million Cubic Metres) LNGTJ Memo: Liquefied Natural Gas (Terajoules)

iii) Import Origins

Code Origin ALGERIA Algeria ANGOLA Angola ARGENTINA Argentina ARMENIA Armenia AUSTRALI Australia AUSTRIA Austria AZERBAIJAN Azerbaijan BELARUS Belarus BELGIUM Belgium BOLIVIA Bolivia BOSNIAHERZ Bosnia and Herzegovina BRUNEI Brunei Darussalam BULGARIA Bulgaria CANADA Canada CHILE Chile CHINA China, People's Republic CROATIA Croatia CYPRUS Cyprus CZECH Czech Republic DENMARK Denmark EGYPT Egypt EQUGUINEA Equatorial Guinea ESTONIA Estonia FINLAND Finland FRANCE France GERMANY Germany GREECE Greece HUNGARY Hungary ICELAND Iceland INDONESIA Indonesia IRAN Iran, Islamic Republic IRAQ Iraq IRELAND Ireland



Code Origin ISRAEL Israel ITALY Italy JAPAN Japan KAZAKHSTAN Kazakhstan KOREA Korea KYRGYZSTAN Kyrgyzstan LATVIA Latvia LIBYA Libya LITHUANIA Lithuania LUXEMBOU Luxembourg FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia MALAYSIA Malaysia MALTA Malta MEXICO Mexico MONTENEGRO Montenegro MYANMAR Myanmar NETHLAND Netherlands NZ New Zealand NIGERIA Nigeria NORWAY Norway OMAN Oman OTHERASIA Other Asia and Pacific OTHFSU Other Former Soviet Union PAPUANEWGU Papua New Guinea PERU Peru POLAND Poland PORTUGAL Portugal QATAR Qatar ROMANIA Romania RUSSIA Russian Federation SERBIA Serbia SLOVAKIA Slovak Republic SLOVENIA Slovenia SPAIN Spain SWEDEN Sweden SWITLAND Switzerland TRINIDAD Trinidad and Tobago TUNISIA Tunisia TURKEY Turkey TURKMENIST Turkmenistan UKRAINE Ukraine UAE United Arab Emirates UK United Kingdom USA United States UZBEKISTAN Uzbekistan YEMEN Yemen FSU Former Soviet Union FRMRYUGO Former Yugoslavia NONSPEC Non Specified / Other Imports TOTIMPST Total Imports (Trade)

iv) Time




OECD Exports (NGEXPORT) This database structure has four dimensions:

i) Country

Please refer to section 2.1.i.

ii) Product

Code Product NATGASCM Natural Gas (Million Cubic Metres) NGASTJOU Natural Gas (Terajoules)

iii) Export Destinations

Code Destination ARGENTINA Argentina ARMENIA Armenia AUSTRALI Australia AUSTRIA Austria BELARUS Belarus BELGIUM Belgium BOSNIAHERZ Bosnia and Herzegovina BRAZIL Brazil BULGARIA Bulgaria CANADA Canada CHILE Chile CHINA People's Republic of China TAIPEI Chinese Taipei CROATIA Croatia CYPRUS Cyprus CZECH Czech Republic DENMARK Denmark DOMINICANR Dominican Republic ESTONIA Estonia FINLAND Finland FRANCE France GEORGIA Georgia GERMANY Germany GREECE Greece HUNGARY Hungary INDIA India IRELAND Ireland ISRAEL Israel ITALY Italy JAPAN Japan KAZAKHSTAN Kazakhstan KOREA Korea KUWAIT Kuwait KYRGYZSTAN Kyrgyzstan LATVIA Latvia LITHUANIA Lithuania LUXEMBOU Luxembourg FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia



Code Destination MALTA Malta MEXICO Mexico MOLDOVA Republic of Moldova MONTENEGRO Montenegro NETHLAND Netherlands NZ New Zealand NORWAY Norway OTHERLATIN Other Non-OECD Americas OTHFSU Other Former USSR POLAND Poland PORTUGAL Portugal ROMANIA Romania RUSSIA Russian Federation SERBIA Serbia SLOVAKIA Slovak Republic SLOVENIA Slovenia SPAIN Spain SWEDEN Sweden SWITLAND Switzerland TAJIKISTAN Tajikistan TURKEY Turkey UAE United Arab Emirates UKRAINE Ukraine UK United Kingdom USA United States UZBEKISTAN Uzbekistan FSU Former Soviet Union FRMRYUGO Former Yugoslavia NONSPEC Non Specified / Other Exports TOTEXPST Total Exports (Trade)

iv) Time




WORLD Balance (NGWBAL) This database structure has four dimensions:

i) Country

For OECD countries please refer to section 2.1.i.

Non-OECD Countries:

Code Country ARGENTINA Argentina BOLIVIA Bolivia BRAZIL Brazil COLOMBIA Colombia COSTARICA Costa Rica CUBA Cuba DOMINICANR Dominican Republic ELSALVADOR El Salvador ECUADOR Ecuador GUATEMALA Guatemala HAITI Haiti HONDURAS Honduras JAMAICA Jamaica NANTILLES Netherlands Antilles NICARAGUA Nicaragua PANAMA Panama PARAGUAY Paraguay PERU Peru TRINIDAD Trinidad and Tobago URUGUAY Uruguay VENEZUELA Venezuela OTHERLATIN Other Latin America LATAMER Latin America ALBANIA Albania BULGARIA Bulgaria CYPRUS4 Cyprus GIBRALTAR Gibraltar MALTA Malta ROMANIA Romania SERBIA Serbia MONTENEGRO Montenegro OTHFYUGO Other Former Yugoslavia FRMRYUGO Former Yugoslavia NOECDEUR Non-OECD Europe ARMENIA Armenia

4. Footnote by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to « Cyprus » relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognizes the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”.

Footnote by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.”



Code Country AZERBAIJAN Azerbaijan BELARUS Belarus GEORGIA Georgia KAZAKHSTAN Kazakhstan KYRGYZSTAN Kyrgyzstan LATVIA Latvia LITHUANIA Lithuania MOLDOVA Republic of Moldova RUSSIA Russian Federation TAJIKISTAN Tajikistan TURKMENIST Turkmenistan UKRAINE Ukraine UZBEKISTAN Uzbekistan OTHFUSSR Other Former USSR FSU Former Soviet Union ALGERIA Algeria ANGOLA Angola BENIN Benin CAMEROON Cameroon CONGO Congo CONGOREP Democratic Republic of Congo COTEIVOIRE Cote d'Ivoire EGYPT Egypt ERITREA Eritrea ETHIOPIA Ethiopia GABON Gabon GHANA Ghana KENYA Kenya LIBYA Libya MOROCCO Morocco MOZAMBIQUE Mozambique NAMIBIA Namibia NIGERIA Nigeria SENEGAL Senegal SOUTHAFRIC South Africa SUDAN Sudan5 TANZANIA United Republic of Tanzania TOGO Togo TUNISIA Tunisia ZAMBIA Zambia ZIMBABWE Zimbabwe OTHERAFRIC Other Africa AFRICA Africa BAHRAIN Bahrain IRAN Islamic Republic of Iran IRAQ Iraq JORDAN Jordan KUWAIT Kuwait LEBANON Lebanon

5. Because only aggregated data were available until 2011, the data for Sudan also include South Sudan.



MONGOLIA Mongolia OMAN Oman QATAR Qatar Code Country SAUDIARABI Saudi Arabia SYRIA Syrian Arab Republic UAE United Arab Emirates YEMEN Yemen MIDEAST Middle East BANGLADESH Bangladesh BRUNEI Brunei Darussalam INDIA India INDONESIA Indonesia MALAYSIA Malaysia MYANMAR Myanmar NEPAL Nepal KOREADPR DPR of Korea PAKISTAN Pakistan PHILIPPINE Philippines SINGAPORE Singapore SRILANKA Sri Lanka TAIPEI Chinese Taipei THAILAND Thailand VIETNAM Vietnam OTHERASIA Other Asia ASIA Asia (excluding China) HONGKONG Hong Kong (China) CHINA People's Republic of China CHINAREG China (Region) NOECDTOT Non OECD Total WORLD World

ii) Product

Code Product NATGASCM Natural Gas (Million Cubic Metres) NATGASTJ Natural Gas (Terajoules)

iii) Balance

Code Flow INDPROD Indigenous Production TOTIMPSB Imports (Balance) TOTEXPSB Exports (Balance) INDCONO Inland Consumption (observed)

iv) Time




WORLD Imports (NGWIMP) This database structure has four dimensions:

i) Country

For OECD countries please refer to section 2.4.i.

ii) Product

Code Product NATGASCM Natural Gas (Million Cubic Metres) NATGASTJ Natural Gas (Terajoules) PIPECM Memo: Pipelines (Million Cubic Metres) PIPETJ Memo: Pipelines (Terajoules) LNGCM Memo: Liquefied Natural Gas (Million Cubic Metres) LNGTJ Memo: Liquefied Natural Gas (Terajoules)

iii) Import Origins

Please refer to section 2.2.iii

iv) Time

Yearly data from 1993 to 2012.



3. DEFINITIONS

Product Definition Natural gas comprises gases, occurring in underground deposits, whether liquefied or gaseous, consisting mainly of methane. It includes both “non-associated” gas originating from fields producing hydrocarbons only in gaseous form, and “associated” gas produced in association with crude oil as well as methane recovered from coal mines (colliery gas). Manufactured gas (produced from municipal or industrial waste, or sewage) and quantities vented or flared are not included. Data in million cubic metres are measured at 15oC and at 760 mmHg, i.e. Standard Conditions. Data in terajoules are on a gross calorific basis.

Flow Definitions

Flow Definitions Flow Short name Definition

Indigenous Production

INDPROD All dry marketable production within national boundaries, including offshore production. Production is measured after purification and extraction of NGLs and sulphur. Extraction losses and quantities reinjected, vented or flared, are not included. Production includes quantities used within the natural gas industry; in gas extraction, pipeline systems and processing plants.

Associated Gas AGASPRD Natural gas produced in association with crude oil.

Non-Associated Gas NAGASPRD Natural gas originating from fields producing hydrocarbons only in gaseous form.

Colliery Gas COLLIERY Methane produced at coal mines, piped to the surface and consumed at collieries or transmitted by pipeline to consumers.

From Other Sources OTHER Supplies of fuel of which production is covered in other fuel energy balances but which are blended with natural gas, and consumed as a blend. The origin of the fuel could be oil, coal and renewables.




Imports (Balance) TOTIMPSB Amounts are regarded as imported when they have crossed the political boundaries of the country, whether customs clearance has taken place or not. Imports of liquefied natural gas should cover only the dry marketable equivalent after regasification. Imports by country of origin shown in NGIMPORT concern imports of gas by ultimate origin for use in the country.

Exports (Balance) TOTEXPSB Amounts are regarded as imported or exported when they have crossed the political boundaries of the country, whether customs clearance has taken place or not. Exports by country of destination shown in NGEXPORT concern exports of domestically produced gas by ultimate destination.

International Marine Bunkers

BUNKERS Quantities of LNG or natural gas used by ships of all flags that are engaged in international navigation. The international navigation may take place at sea, on inland lakes and waterways, and in coastal waters.

Stock Changes STCHANAT This is the change in stock level of recoverable gas; the difference between opening stock level at the first day of the year and closing stock level at the last day of the year of stocks held on national territory. A stock build is shown as a negative number and a stock draw as a positive number.

Inland Consumption (calculated)

INDCONC Inland consumption calculated is defined as:

+ Indigenous production + Imports - Exports + Stock changes

Statistical Difference

STATDIFF This is the difference between calculated and observed Inland Consumption. National administrations sometimes obtain the data components of domestic availability from a variety of sources. Owing to differences in concepts, coverage, timing and definitions, observed and calculated consumption are often not identical.

Inland Consumption (observed)

INDCONO Represents deliveries of marketable gas to the inland market, including gas used by the gas industry for heating and operation of their equipment (i.e. consumption in gas extraction, in the pipeline system and in processing plants) and including losses in distribution.

Opening Stock Level

OSNATTER Refers to opening stock levels, at the first day of the year, of stocks held on national territory (including government controlled stocks).

Closing Stock Level CSNATTER Refers to closing stock levels, at the last day of the year, of stocks held on national territory (including government controlled stocks).

Gas Vented VENTED The volume of gas released into the air on the production site or at the gas processing plant.




Gas Flared FLARED The volume of gas burned in flares on the production site or at the gas processing plant.

Cushion Gas Closing Stock Level

CUSHCSNAT Total volume of gas required as a permanent inventory to maintain adequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability rates throughout the output cycle.

From Other Sources - Oil

OSOIL From Other Sources of which from Oil (See “From Other Sources”).

From Other Sources - Coal

OSCOAL From Other Sources of which from Coal (See “From Other Sources”).

From Other Sources - Renewables

OSRENEW From Other Sources of which from Renewables (See “From Other Sources”).

Transformation - Total

TOTTRANF Comprises fuel inputs to both public and private electricity, combined heat and power plants and heat plants. An autoproducer is an industrial establishment which, in addition to its main activities, generates electricity, wholly or partly for its own use. It includes railway's own production of electricity. Heat plants and combined heat and power plants only cover fuel inputs for that part of the heat which is sold to a third party. Transformation sector also comprises fuels used as feedstocks in gas works, coke ovens, blast furnaces and the petrochemical industry.

Main Activity Producer Electricity Plants

MAINELEC Includes inputs of gas for the production of electricity in main activity producer electricity plants, whose primary purpose is to produce, transmit or distribute electricity.

Autoproducer Electricity Plants

AUTOELEC Includes inputs of gas for the production of electricity by an enterprise which, in addition to its main activities, generates electricity wholly or partly for its own use, e.g. industrial establishments, railways, refineries, etc.

Main Activity Producer Combined Heat and Power Plants

MAINCHP Includes inputs of gas to main activity producer combined heat and power plants which generate electricity and useful heat in a single installation.

Autoproducer Combined Heat and Power Plants

AUTOCHP Includes inputs of gas to autoproducer combined heat and power plants which generate electricity and useful heat in a single installation. All fuel inputs for electricity production are taken into account, while for heat production, only that part of inputs to heat which is sold to third parties (e.g. to a network) is show.

Main Activity Producer Heat Plants

MAINHEAT Includes inputs of gas to main activity producer plants which are designed to produce heat only.




Autoproducer Heat Plants

AUTOHEAT Includes inputs of gas to autoproducer plants which are designed to produce heat only. Data for autoproducer heat plants represent inputs of fuel to plants which sell heat to a third party under the provisions of a contract.

Gas Works (Transformation)

TGASWKS Natural gas used in gas works and gasification plants. Gas used for heating and operation of equipment is not included here but reported in the Energy sector.

Coke Ovens (Transformation)

TCOKEOVS Natural gas used in coke ovens. Gas used for heating and operation of equipment is not included here but reported in the Energy sector.

Blast Furnaces (Transformation)

TBLASTFUR Natural gas used in blast furnaces.

Gas to Liquids (Transformation)

TGTL Natural gas used as feedstock for the conversion to liquids e.g. the quantities of fuel entering the methanol production process for transformation into methanol.

Not Elsewhere Specified (Transformation)

TNONSPEC Natural gas used in transformation activities not included elsewhere.

Energy Industry Own Use - Total

TOTENGY Natural gas consumed by energy industry to support the extraction (mining, oil and gas production) or transformation activity. ISIC Rev.4 Divisions 05, 06, 19 and 35. (NACE Divisions 10-12, 23 and 40). Quantities of natural gas transformed into another energy form are reported under the Transformation sector. Natural gas consumed in support of the operation of oil and gas pipelines is reported in the Transport sector.

Coal Mines EMINES Natural gas consumed to support the extraction and preparation of coal within the coal mining industry.

Oil and Gas Extraction

EOILGASEX Natural gas consumed in the oil and gas extraction process and in natural gas processing plants. Pipeline losses are reported as distribution losses, and natural gas used to operate the pipelines is reported in the Transport sector.

Inputs to Oil Refineries

EREFINER Own consumption of natural gas in oil refineries.

Coke Ovens (Energy)

ECOKEOVS Own consumption of natural gas at coking plants.

Blast Furnaces (Energy)

EBLASTFUR Natural gas consumed in blast furnaces operations.

Gas Works (Energy) EGASWKS Own consumption of natural gas at gas works and gasification plants.

Electricity, CHP and Heat Plants

EPOWERPLT Own consumption of natural gas in electric plants, combined heat and power plants, and heat plants.




Liquefaction (LNG) / Regasification

ELNG Natural gas consumed as fuel at gas liquefaction and regasification plants.

Gas to Liquids (Energy)

EGTL Natural gas consumed as fuel at the Gas-to-Liquid conversion plants.

Not Elsewhere Specified (Energy)

ENONSPEC Natural gas used in energy activities not included elsewhere.

Distribution Losses DISTLOSS Losses due to transport and distribution, as well as pipeline losses.

Final Consumption FINCONS Final consumption is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors (in the Transport, Industry and Other sectors). It excludes deliveries for transformation and/or own use of the energy producing industries.

Transport - Total TOTTRANS Natural gas consumed for all transport activity irrespective of the economic sector in which the activity occurs. ISIC Rev. 4 Divisions 49-51. (NACE Divisions 60-62).

Road ROAD Compressed natural gas (CNG) for use in road vehicles. Excludes natural gas consumed in stationary engines, which is reported under Other Sectors.

Biogas ROADBIOGAS Amounts of biogas included in road consumption.

Pipeline Transport PIPELINE Natural gas used in support of the operation of oil and gas pipelines.

Not Elsewhere Specified (Transport)

TRNONSPE Natural gas used in transport activities not included elsewhere.

Industry - Total TOTIND Natural gas consumed by the industrial undertaking in support of its primary activities. Includes quantities of natural gas consumed in heat only and CHP plants for the production of heat used by the plant itself. Quantities of natural gas consumed for production of heat that is sold and for the production of electricity, are reported under the appropriate Transformation sector.

Iron and Steel IRONSTL ISIC Rev. 4 Group 241 and Class 2431. (NACE Groups 27.1-27.3 and Classes 27.51, 27.52).

Chemicals including Petrochemicals

CHEMICAL ISIC Rev. 4 Divisions 20 and 21. Excludes petrochemical feedstocks. In previous editions the petrochemical feedstocks were included in energy use in the industry sector: in this edition they have been included with non-energy use.

Non-ferrous Metals NONFERR ISIC Rev. 4 Group 242 and Class 2432. (NACE Group 27.4 and Classes 27.53, 27.54)

Non-metallic Mineral Products

NONMET ISIC Rev. 4 Division 23. (NACE Division 26). Glass, ceramic, cement and other building materials industries.




Transport Equipment

TRANSEQ ISIC Rev. 4 Divisions 29 and 30. (NACE Divisions 34 and 35).

Machinery MACHINE Fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment other than transport equipment. ISIC Rev. 4 Divisions 25-28. (NACE Divisions 28-32).

Mining and Quarrying

MINING ISIC Rev. 4 Divisions 07 and 08 and Group 099. (NACE Divisions 13 and 14).

Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco

FOODPRO ISIC Rev. 4 Divisions 10-12. (NACE Divisions 15 and 16).

Pulp, Paper and Printing

PAPERPRO Includes reproduction of recorded media. ISIC Rev. 4 Divisions 17 and 18. (NACE Divisions 21 and 22).

Wood and Wood Products

WOODPRO ISIC Rev. 4 Division 16. (NACE Division 20).

Construction CONSTRUC ISIC Rev. 4 Division 41-43. (NACE Division 45).

Textile and Leather TEXTILES ISIC Rev. 4 Divisions 13-15. (NACE Divisions 17-19).

Not Elsewhere Specified (Industry)

INONSPEC Any manufacturing industry not included elsewhere. ISIC Rev.4 Divisions 22, 31 and 32. (NACE Divisions 25, 33, 36 and 37).

Other - Total TOTOTHER Natural gas consumed in sectors not include elsewhere.

Commercial and Public Services

COMMPUB Natural gas consumed by businesses and offices in the public and private sectors. All activities in ISIC Rev. 4 Divisions 33, 36-39, 45-47, 52, 53, 55-56, 58-66, 68-75, 77-82, 84 (excluding Class 8422), 85-88, 90-96 and 99. (NACE Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99).

Residential RESIDENT Natural gas consumed by all households including “households with employed persons”. ISIC Rev. 4 Division 97. (NACE Division 95).

Agriculture AGRICULT Consumption by users classified as agriculture, fishing (ocean, coastal and inland fishing), hunting and forestry. ISIC Rev.4 Divisions 01 and 02. (NACE Divisions 01, 02 and 05).

Fishing FISHING Natural gas delivered for inland, coastal and deep-sea fishing. Fishing should cover fuels delivered to ships of all flags that have refueled in the country (include international fishing). Also include energy used in the fishing industry as specified in ISIC Division 03 (NACE 05).

Not Elsewhere Specified (Other)

ONONSPEC All activities not included elsewhere; includes military use.

Non-Energy Use (Industry)

NONENUSETJ Non-energy use of natural gas for Industry.




Petrochemical Feedstocks

FEEDSTOCK Feedstocks to the petrochemical industry (ISIC Rev. 4 Group 201). In previous editions the petrochemical feedstocks were included in energy use in the industry sector: in this edition they have been included with non-energy use.

Other Non-Energy Use

OTHERNONENUSE Non-energy use of natural gas for any other industry sub-sectors.



4. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE

Countries and Regions Country/Region Short name Definition

Australia AUSTRALI Excludes the overseas territories.

Austria AUSTRIA

Belgium BELGIUM

Canada CANADA

Chile CHILE

Czech Republic CZECH

Denmark DENMARK Excludes Greenland and the Danish Faroes.

Estonia ESTONIA Data for Estonia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

Finland FINLAND

France FRANCE Includes Monaco, and excludes the following overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Reunion, and St.-Pierre and Miquelon).

Germany GERMANY Includes the new federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards.

Greece GREECE

Hungary HUNGARY

Iceland ICELAND

Ireland IRELAND

Israel ISRAEL

Italy ITALY Includes San Marino and the Vatican.

Japan JAPAN Includes Okinawa.

Korea KOREA

Luxembourg LUXEMBOU

Mexico MEXICO



Countries and Regions Country/Region Short name Definition

Netherlands NETHLAND Excludes Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles.

New Zealand NZ

Norway NORWAY

Poland POLAND

Portugal PORTUGAL Includes the Azores and Madeira.

Slovak Republic SLOVAKIA

Slovenia SLOVENIA Data for Slovenia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Yugoslavia.

Spain SPAIN Includes the Canary Islands.

Sweden SWEDEN

Switzerland SWITLAND Does not include Liechtenstein.

Turkey TURKEY

United Kingdom UK

United States USA Includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Oil statistics as well as coal trade statistics also include Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands, Wake Island and the Northern Mariana Islands.

OECD Total OECDTOT Includes Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia (from 1990), Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia (from 1990), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.

OECD Americas OECDAM Includes Canada, Chile, Mexico and the United States.

OECD Asia Oceania OECDAO Includes Australia, Israel, Japan, Korea and New Zealand.

OECD Europe OECDEUR Includes Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia (from 1990), Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia (from 1990), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

IEA IEATOT Comprises OECD countries except Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Mexico and Slovenia.

IEA Americas IEAAM Comprises Canada and the United States.

IEA Asia Oceania IEAAO Comprises Australia, Japan, Korea and New Zealand.

IEA Europe IEAEUR IEA Europe comprises IEA countries except Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, New Zealand and the United States.



5. COUNTRY NOTES

Country Notes Country/Region Short name Notes

Australia AUSTRALI All data refer to fiscal years, which run from 1 July to 30 June (e.g. 2013 = 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013).

Data after 1973 are based on national surveys.

Prior to 1973, there are no detailed data available for autoproducers and for sub-sector industry consumption. Autoproducer data are included in main activity producer before 1974.

Final consumption data for 1999-2000 are estimated by the national administration.

Prior to 1986, natural gas inputs to blast furnaces were included in the iron and steel sector.

Prior to 1991, natural gas data included ethane.

Between 2001 and 2002 there are breaks in series for consumption data due to an industry structural shift and changes in methodology.

Monthly export data are estimated by the Secretariat.

For reasons of data confidentiality, Australia no longer provides a breakdown of exports by destination. These data are estimated by the IEA Secretariat.

Austria AUSTRIA Consumption of natural gas in gas works within the transformation sector stopped in 1980.

The break in the time series for autoproducers electricity and CHP plants between 1995 and 1996 is due to the availability of more detailed data from 1996 onwards.

Due to revisions in the 2003 edition there are breaks in the time series between 1969 and 1970.

Differences due to measurement are included with losses prior to 2000.

In the 2011 edition, many consumption subsectors have been revised since 1999 as a result of new methodology.

There are breaks in the time series for commercial/public services as this sub-sector is the residual of the consumption data.




Belgium BELGIUM Breaks in stock levels between 1990/1991 are due to the inclusion of natural gas stocks held abroad and the elimination of non-recoverable cushion gas.

Breaks in stock levels between 2005/2006 are due to new method to collect the data.

As of 2000, natural gas has started to replace blast furnace gas in the iron and steel industry.

The drop in non-specified industry in 2003 is due to improvements in data collection.

Imports include spot purchases.

New legislation for data collection has led to breaks in series for industry and energy industry own use between 2004 and 2005, and between 2007 and 2008.

Starting in 2009, gas trade in Belgium includes imported LNG which is regasified and subsequently exported to other countries.

Canada CANADA Prior to 1978, consumption in non-specified industry includes gas used as fuel in oil refineries.

Data on natural gas consumption in the chemical industry is not available before 1976; in 1976 and 1977, the figure includes only natural gas used as a feedstock (excluding use as energy).

Prior to 1978, agriculture is included in industry, and no breakdown of industry data is available.

Starting in 1992, consumption in main activity producer CHP plants includes use in three new co-generation facilities in the province of Ontario.

Prior to 1990, data for consumption of natural gas for construction is not available.

The data reported in non-specified transformation represents quantities of natural gas used for the upgrading of refined oil products.

In 2000, the increase in main activity electricity producer data is due to new generation plants in Alberta and Ontario, while the increase in autoproducer electricity is due to the addition of independent power production.

Non-associated gas production data includes colliery gas, as well as associated gas produced in Alberta.

There is a break in time series between 2008 and 2009.




Chile CHILE Before 2007 natural gas used for oil and gas extraction was included in gas inputs to refineries.

Inputs of natural gas to autoproducer CHP plants in 2009 are estimated by the Chilean Administration based on electricity generation. In previous years these inputs are included in autoproducer electricity.

Data for gas inputs to oil refineries are not available for 2008 and 2009.

Data reported in ‘From other sources’ represent LPG injected into the natural gas distribution network. These data are available from 2009.

Stock levels are available starting in 2009.

Czech Republic CZECH Data from 1993 onwards have been officially submitted by the Czech Statistical Office.

The break in series between 1993 and 1994 is due to a change in the energy balance methodology between the former CSFR and the Czech Republic.

Prior to 1994, data in the transport sector are for former Czechoslovakia.

Natural gas inputs into gas works ceased in 1996.

Reported natural gas stocks are higher than storage capacity, as some storage is located outside the Czech territory.

From 2008, hydrogen production is reported in petrochemical feedstocks as non-energy use.

Denmark DENMARK The time series were revised back to 1972 by the Danish Administration in 2004.

Estonia ESTONIA Data for Estonia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

In 2009, Estonia’s main producer of fertilisers ceased activity, resulting in a sharp decrease in the non-energy use of natural gas.

Finland FINLAND Prior to 1989, natural gas consumption in residential and agriculture/forestry has been estimated by the Finnish Administration.

Due to new system of data collection, the breakdown between residential and commerce/public services is available since 1995.

Data from 1990 to 1999 were revised by the national administration in 2002. This leads to breaks in the times series between 1989 and 1990.

A new survey system and a reclassification of the data lead to breaks in the time series between 1999 and 2000.

In 2010, data were received back to 2000. There is therefore a break in series between 1999 and 2000.




France FRANCE From 1990, statistical difference includes gas consumption that is not broken down by sector.

The export breakdown is not available from 2000.

From 1999 onwards new methodology was used for preparing the natural gas balances which leads to breaks in series between 1999 and 2000.

From 2000 onwards residential consumption includes consumption in commerce/public services.

The breakdown of transformation for 2003 and 2004 was estimated.

Due to modifications in reporting methodology, there is a break in the monthly trade data series, starting with February 2003 data.

Pipeline imports from non-specified/other origin may contain spot purchases of LNG.

There is a break in series for commerce/public services and residential in 2001.

Gas for pipelines is included in losses.

There is a break in series in the industry sub-sectors from 2005 onwards.

Improvements in data collection for 2009 lead to some breaks in series between 2008 and 2009.

Germany GERMANY Before 1970, there is no detailed breakdown available for the industry sector with the exception of iron and steel and chemical industries.

The breakdown of consumption between commerce/public services, residential and agricultural is only available since 1984.

Prior to 1995, end-use consumption data are based on Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen.

Also prior to 1995, inputs of natural gas for main activity producer heat are included with main activity producer CHP.

From 1995 onwards, the industry sector breakdown is based on the new 1995 NACE classification. This leads to a number of breaks in series between 1994 and 1995.

In 2003, there is a break in series for electricity and CHP plants (both autoproducers and main activity producers).

From 2003 onwards, gas consumption in coke ovens was negligible.

There are no official data for the construction sector from 2004 onwards.

Non specified imports include gas imported from UK and Denmark.

Imports include transit-imports for other countries and exports are mainly re-exports of natural gas originating from other countries.

From 2007 onwards Germany changed their methodology for reporting heat. This causes breaks in series in transformation between 2006 and 2007.

In the 2013 edition, revisions back to 2003 were received therefore there is a break in series between 2002 and 2003 for all sectors.




Greece GREECE Natural gas produced in Greece has a high average GCV, due to a high content of C2/C4 hydrocarbons.

In 1997, a new pipeline between Russia and Greece became operational.

In 1998, residential consumption in is included in commerce/public services.

Production of natural gas stopped on 30 November 1998 and started again in December 1999.

Hungary HUNGARY Due to a new methodology some breaks in series may exist between 1996 and 1997.

From 1997 on, two autoproducer heat plants have been reclassified to main activity producer heat plants.

The increase in main activity producer CHP data in 2000 is due to a reclassification of autoproducer plants into main activity producer plants.

There is a break in the stock levels between 2001 and 2002.

Statistical difference includes natural gas used for refilling cushion gas.

The high gas vented figure in 2003 is due to an accidental fire at a gas field.

Prior to 2004, iron and steel consumption includes transformation of natural gas in blast furnaces.

Iceland ICELAND There is no natural gas data for Iceland, as there is neither production nor consumption.

Ireland IRELAND Detailed consumption figures for the use of natural gas in industry and other sectors are not available prior to 1986.

The large increase in imports since 1996 is due to the depletion of the Kinsale gas field and the availability of a new pipeline system to the United Kingdom.

The decrease of natural gas consumption within the iron and steel industry from 2001 onwards, is due to the shutdown of Ireland’s main steel plant.

Stock change data was reported for the first time in 2003, thanks to improvements in the measurement of stocks.

Consumption in the chemical industry fell in 2003, due to the shutdown of a fertilizer plant.

The increased consumption in food, beverages and tobacco from 2003 is due to a new methodology.

The increased consumption in machinery in 2007 is a result of changes in industry sub-sector structure and fuel usage.

In 2011, the large increase in the non ferrous metals sub sector is due to a fuel switch to natural gas.

Israel ISRAEL Imports of natural gas began in 2008.




Italy ITALY Prior to 1970, the breakdown of industry data is only available for iron and steel and chemical industry; all other industry data are included in non-specified industry.

Prior to 1990, consumption in commerce/public services is included in residential.

There is a break in stocks between 1989 and 1990 due to a revision in stock levels back to 1990.

Starting in 1991, data for losses include some statistical differences. However, since 1994, improved collection methods have decreased these differences.

The production of gas works gas from natural gas ceased in 1996.

No autoproducer data are available from 2000 onwards for confidentiality reasons - these data are included in main activity producer plants.

The more detailed breakdown of consumption for energy industry own use is only available from 2007. Except for liquefaction plants, data in the energy sector are estimated and include statistical differences and other non-specified consumption.

In the 2011 edition, industry and transformation data were revised for 2004 to 2007 according to the same methodology as used in 2008 and 2009. This leads to breaks in series between 2003 and 2004.

Japan JAPAN From 1990 onwards, all data refer to fiscal year, which run from 1 April to 31 March (e.g. 2013 = April 2012 to 31 March 2013).

From 2000 onwards, most of the gas works gas production and consumption has been included with natural gas.

Korea KOREA The breakdown of final consumption has been estimated by the Secretariat for the years 1987 to 1991. Consumption in the residential subsector was also estimated for 1992.

Prior to 2007, consumption of natural gas in machinery was included with transport equipment.

There are breaks in series in industry sub-sectors in 2008 due to a new classification.




Luxembourg LUXEMBOU There is a break in series in transformation and industry in 1982 due to a change in methodology.

Residential consumption includes consumption in commerce/public services, and agriculture.

The large increase of gas consumption in transformation from 2002 onwards is due to a new 350 MW combined cycle power plant.

The steep decrease in consumption in the iron and steel industry in 2008 is due to the principal producer’s reduction in activity.

In the 2011 edition, data from 2000-2008 was revised according to a new methodology, leading to a more detailed breakdown in final consumption subsectors.

Consumption in the non-ferrous metals subsector is included in iron and steel for reasons of confidentiality.

Non-specified imports include gas purchased on the spot market.

Gas inputs to electricity and CHP plants are included in Total transformation sector for reasons of confidentiality.

Mexico MEXICO Natural gas reported in the IEA publications may be different from what is reported in the Mexican energy publications, as the IEA includes only dry gas and excludes natural gas liquids.

The breakdown of the energy and other Sectors is available only from 1993 onwards.

From 1993 to 1999, oil and gas extraction and non-specified (industry) data were estimated.

Distribution losses and pipeline transport are included in oil and gas extraction.

Netherlands NETHLAND Significant breaks in series between 1981 to 1982 and 1983 to 1984 reflect the introduction of more comprehensive surveys on end-use consumption.

Between 1987 and 1988 a break in series is observed in commerce/public services due to a major reorganisation of three public utility companies.

All heat plants were converted to CHP plants in 1990.

Consumption in the commerce/public services sector includes consumption in other sectors.

Imports from Germany include imports from Russia.

From 2003 onwards, an improved method to allocate unsold steam from autoproducer CHP has been used; data are therefore not comparable with the earlier years.

In 2008, a new autoproducer CHP plant came on-stream, accounting for the large consumption increases in that year.

In 2009, the increase in main activity electricity is due to the opening of a new plant in the second half of 2008. The decrease in autoproducer electricity is a result of companies changing their installations from electricity only plants to CHP.




New Zealand NZ Prior to 2003, the detailed consumption breakdown for the industry sector has only been available for the years 1980 to 1985 and is shown below.

In February 1997, production of synthetic gasoline from natural gas ceased.

In 1998, two new autoproducer CHP plants came on-stream, accounting for the very large consumption increase in that year.

The time series from 1974 to 1999 were revised in 2003.

Distribution losses are included in the statistical difference for the years 1977-1979 and 1986-1989.

Gas inputs to autoproducer CHP plants were high in 2001 and 2003, to compensate for the low production from main activity producer hydro plants, as a result of dry weather.

A steep decline in consumption in Chemical industry in 2005 was caused by closure of Motunui methanol production plant. The Motunui plant was then reopened in late 2008 causing a corresponding increase in consumption in chemical industry.

Norway NORWAY The large increase in the oil and gas extraction sector in 1992 results from the start up of new fields.

Before 2000, the oil and gas extraction data included all data for total final consumption.

Non-associated natural gas production ceased since 2000.

From 2002 onwards, domestic navigation is included under non specified transport.

The steep increase in non-specified Transport in 2007 is due to the wider usage of gas-powered sea vessels.

For Norway, supply of natural gas is the residual of two very large and opposite terms, production and exports. As a result, large statistical differences in some years may lead to discrepancies in the growth rates of supply and demand of natural gas.

Starting in 2007, gas inputs to electricity and CHP plants are included in Autoproducers Electricity for reasons of confidentiality.




Poland POLAND Prior to 2000, monthly natural gas has been estimated by the Secretariat on the basis of quarterly published data.

Due to an immature companies' classification system, high statistical variations occur in certain consumption sectors.

The inputs of gas in the transformation sector have been inferred by the Polish Administration and may be out of line with historical data for some years.

Non-specified transformation represents natural gas used for hydrogen manufacture in catalytic reforming processes.

Prior to 2000 natural gas used in the pipeline transport was partly included in energy industry own use (gas works).

Imports reported from Other FSU are from Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan or Uzbekistan.

Natural gas reported in associated production contains some heavier hydrocarbons.

Distribution losses may include some statistical differences.

Non-specified energy sector includes gas used for heating and pumping operations in the distribution network.

Portugal PORTUGAL Portugal started to import natural gas in February 1997.

The decrease in natural gas used for gas works in 2001 is due to the closing of the Lisbon gas works plant in May 2001.

Before February 2004, most LNG imports from Nigeria arrive via the Huelva terminal in Spain, where they are regasified and sent by pipeline to Portugal. Since February 2004, LNG imports arrive directly at the Sines terminal.

Slovak Republic SLOVAKIA Data were revised for 1968-1969 and 1979-1992 in 2003. Data for 1970 are estimated by the Secretariat. As a result, there are breaks in the series between 1969 and 1971, and between 1978 and 1979.

Consumption in other transformation between 1994 and 2003 is mainly natural gas used as a feedstock in refineries to make LPG.

The GCV of indigenous production increased strongly in 2002, as extraction ended in a field with low GCV.

Imports include gas used for pipeline compressor station.

Consumption in other transformation is mainly natural gas used for production of hydrogen and in hydrocracking for gasoline.

From 2009 data for losses are no longer available.

There are inconsistencies in the time series for commercial/public services as this sub-sector is the residual of the consumption data.

Slovenia SLOVENIA Data for Slovenia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Yugoslavia.

A new energy data collection system was implemented in January 2001, causing some breaks in time series between 1999 and 2000.




Spain SPAIN Prior to 1982, natural gas consumption in textiles and leather, transportation equipment and machinery has been included in non-specified industry.

The increase of natural gas used as feedstock starting in 1988 reflects a substitution of naphtha for the production of fertilisers.

Since 1990, the decrease of natural gas inputs into gas works gas production is due to the substitution of natural gas by manufactured gas.

There is a break in series between 1993 and 1994 in autoproducer CHP consumption, since a new survey revealed a large number of CHP autoproducers that had previously been included in industry consumption.

As the gas grid was enlarged 1996-1997, total imports and domestic supply increased significantly.

The large increase in main activity producer electricity plant’s consumption is due to two main activity producer electricity plants running on natural gas in 1997.

From 2001 onwards, the final consumption breakdown is estimated by the national administration.

There is a break in stocks between 2002 and 2003, due to an improvement in stock level data from 2003 onwards. The break in stocks between 2006 and 2007 is due to the new methodology of including stocks in storage facilities in testing phase and in transport facilities. In 2009, there is a break in stocks due to the exclusion of mechanically recoverable cushion gas from the reported levels.

The consumption data for 2006 and 2007 have been estimated on a different basis, thus causing breaks in the energy industry own use and in final consumption.

Sweden SWEDEN Autoproducer inputs to waste-heat production that is sold are reported in the respective end-use sectors and not in the transformation sector.

Prior to 1993, road transport is included in commerce/public services.

In 2008 total final consumption and its breakdown was estimated by the IEA Secretariat based on Statistics Sweden publications.




Switzerland SWITLAND The break in series between 1977 and 1978 is the result of the introduction of a new survey by industry type.

The breakdown of the transformation and of the industry sector is estimated by the national administration.

The increase of gas consumption in main activity CHP plants in 1996 is due to more complete accounting for all producing entities.

The break in series between 1998 and 1999 for the final consumption breakdown is due to the introduction of a new survey.

The breakdown of the sub-sectors in industry was estimated by the IEA Secretariat for 2000 and by the National Administration from 2001 onwards.

The breaks in series in 2007 and 2008 for CHP plants are due to the closing of a plant in 2007 and the opening of another plant in 2008.

Turkey TURKEY Data on natural gas consumption in the chemical industry (for fertilisers) and in non-specified industry (dye industry) are available starting from 1988 onwards.

Commerce/public services consumption was included in the residential data before 2001.

Classification improvements resulted in a break in series for non-energy use in the chemical industry in 2006.

Storage capacity has been reviewed which resulted in a break in series for stock change in 2008.

Starting with 2009 figures, consumption data is collected by Turkey’s Energy Market Regulatory Authority. This leads to breaks in series across all sectors.

Non-specified industry includes the natural gas distributed by OIZ (Organised Industrial Zones).




United Kingdom UK Prior to 1985, losses include stock changes.

From 1992 onwards, losses include metering differences and losses due to pipeline leakage.

The consumption of natural gas in commercial is included with non-specified other while public services is shown separately.

Consumption includes substitute natural gas made at gas works and piped into the natural gas distribution system.

Data in the non-specified industry sector refer to sales by independent gas suppliers unallocated by categories.

The natural gas used to form synthetic coke oven gas is reported under non-specified transformation.

The large increase in imports in 2002 reflects increased supplies from the Norwegian sector of the North Sea through the Vesterled pipeline which was commissioned in the 4th quarter of 2001.

Imports from Belgium reflect imports from unknown origin through the Bacton-Zeebrugge Interconnector.

The increase in LNG imports in 2009 is a result of the expansion of the Isle of Grain terminal and two new terminals at Milford Haven. These include gas that arrived at the Isle of Grain terminal in November and December 2008 but which was not unloaded until 2009.

Exports to Ireland include gas offtake by the Isle of Man.

Non-specified energy sector includes gas used for heating and pumping operations in the distribution network.

United States USA A detailed breakdown of industry consumption is not available for natural gas prior to 1995 (chemical consumption between 1990 and 1994 is estimated by the national administration). From 1995 on, this breakdown is estimated by the Energy Information Administration, using the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS). No data are available for the construction and mining and quarrying industries.

Data on natural gas use in road transport were collected for the first time in 1991 and are not available for previous years.

Data for natural gas consumption by autoproducer CHP plants are available from 1989, and by autoproducer electricity and main activity producer CHP plants from 1991. Prior to these years, this consumption is included with industry and commerce/public services.

Breaks in transformation subsectors between 1999 and 2000 are the result of a new data reporting method.

Puerto Rico is not included in US data. LNG imports into Puerto Rico are reported under Latin America.

Inputs of gas works gas have been estimated from 1990 to 2002 on the basis of the output efficiency of the process.

Non-energy use for all industry except chemical and petrochemical were included with energy use until 2002.



6. COUNTRY SPECIFIC CONVERSION FACTORS

Average* Gross Calorific Value of Natural Gas (kj/m3)

Production Imports Exports Consumption

Albania 38 889 - - 38 889

Algeria 42 000 - 42 000 42 000

Angola 38 000 - - 38 000

Argentina 38 945 38 945 38 945 38 945

Armenia - 37 700 37 700 37 700

Australia 40 684 40 003 40 000 39 313

Austria 38 000 38 019 38 002 38 024

Azerbaijan 38 992 39 020 38 992 38 992

Bahrain 38 000 - - 38 000

Bangladesh 38 644 - - 38 644

Belarus 38 622 38 622 - 38 622

Belgium - 39 688 39 430 39 687

Bolivia 38 940 - 38 940 38 940

Bosnia and Herzegovina - 37 861 - 37 861

Brazil 39 425 39 425 - 39 425

Brunei Darussalam 40 072 - 40 072 40 072

Bulgaria 36 187 38 037 - 37 880

Cameroon 38 000 - - 38 000

Canada 38 392 38 392 38 392 38 429

Chile 39 096 39 096 - 39 100

China, People's Republic 38 931 38 931 38 931 38 931

Colombia 34 598 - 34 598 34 598

Congo 38 000 - - 38 000

Congo, Democratic Republic 38 000 - - 38 000

Cote d'Ivoire 37 283 - - 37 283

Croatia 37 788 37 787 37 784 37 789

Cuba 36 957 - - 36 957

Czech Republic 37 626 38 049 38 045 38 035

Denmark 41 612 41 589 41 612 41 612

Dominican Republic - 38 000 - 38 000

Ecuador 48 441 - - 48 441

Egypt 38 000 - 38 000 38 000





Estonia - 37 850 - 37 850

Finland - 37 891 - 37 891

France 38 654 40 331 40 300 40 340

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia - 37 576 - 37 553

Gabon 37 700 - - 37 700

Georgia 35 532 39 656 - 39 607

Germany 34 223 38 988 38 988 38 076

Ghana - 38 000 - 38 000

Greece 49 359 38 712 - 38 788

Hong Kong (China) - 38 000 - 38 000

Hungary 35 675 38 118 38 558 37 590

India 38 535 38 775 - 38 764

Indonesia 40 600 - 40 600 40 600

Iran, Islamic Republic 39 356 39 356 39 356 39 356

Iraq 38 000 - - 38 000

Ireland 37 812 39 913 - 40 107

Israel 37 970 38 426 - 37 952

Italy 38 100 38 100 38 100 38 100

Japan 44 511 38 977 - 39 342

Jordan 36 820 38 063 - 38 000

Kazakhstan 40 108 39 019 39 018 42 066

Korea 41 704 41 688 - 41 895

Kuwait 38 000 38 000 - 38 000

Kyrgyzstan 39 020 39 020 - 39 020

Latvia - 37 298 - 37 298

Lebanon - 38 897 - 38 897

Libyan 38 000 - 38 000 38 000

Lithuania - 37 211 - 37 211

Luxembourg - 40 705 - 40 705

Malaysia 39 249 39 249 39 249 39 249

Mexico 38 438 38 501 39 254 38 426

Moldova, Republic - 35 787 - 35 783

Morocco 39 170 39 170 - 39 170

Mozambique 38 000 - 38 000 38 000

Myanmar 39 269 - 39 269 39 269

Netherlands 33 339 33 339 33 339 33 339

Nigeria 38 000 - 38 000 38 000

Norway 39 706 - 39 707 39 706

New Zealand 37 719 - - 37 719

Oman 38 000 38 000 38 000 38 000

Other Africa 38 000 38 000 38 000 38 000

Other Asia and Pacific 38 000 38 000 38 000 38 000

Other Latin America 38 000 38 000 - 38 000

Pakistan 32 305 - - 32 305

Peru 44 922 - 44 922 44 922





Philippines 38 355 - - 38 355

Poland 29 349 38 077 37 754 35 196

Portugal - 40 552 - 40 552

Qatar 41 400 - 41 400 41 400

Romania 37 030 37 065 - 36 896

Russian Federation 38 231 38 230 38 230 38 230

Saudi Arabia 38 000 - - 38 000

Senegal 33 494 - - 33 494

Serbia 36 921 37 384 - 37 331

Singapore - 38 000 - 38 000

Slovak Republic 40 026 38 143 39 106 38 146

Slovenia 39 920 37 861 - 37 869

South Africa 38 000 38 000 - 38 000

Spain 40 179 40 366 40 385 40 342

Sweden - 41 857 - 41 857

Switzerland - 38 088 - 38 088

Syrian Arab Republic 37 700 37 700 - 37 700

Chinese Taipei 37 263 41 449 - 41 185

Tajikistan 38 000 38 000 - 38 000

Tanzania, United Republic 38 000 - - 38 000

Thailand 36 396 36 396 - 36 396

Trinidad and Tobago 38 937 - 38 937 38 937

Tunisia 43 727 39 752 - 42 600

Turkey 38 304 38 447 38 326 38 477

Turkmenistan 37 700 - 37 700 37 700

United Arab Emirates 39 000 38 000 39 000 39 000

United Kingdom 39 857 39 549 39 548 39 752

Ukraine 36 985 38 493 37 260 37 973

Uruguay - 38 000 - 38 000

United States 38 217 38 150 37 639 38 217

Uzbekistan 37 889 37 889 37 889 37 889

Venezuela 44 380 44 380 - 44 380

Vietnam 38 612 - 38 612 38 612

Yemen 40 600 - 40 600 40 600

* Average values for 2006 to 2011. Source: Annual Gas Statistics

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