Natural Disasters

& Mitigation Strategies

Presented By:

Cadet- SHIVANSH NARAYAN PANDA (2nd yr.)

Regt No. OD 20JDA121009

DAV Public School, MCL,J.A, Dera, Talcher

12 (O)BN NCC Dhenkanal.Cuttack

What are Natural Disasters?

A relatively sudden and cause large scale

widespread death, loss of property and

distribution to social systems and life over

which, people have no control.

► Any event can be classed as disasters

when the magnitude of destruction

and damage caused by it is very high.

Some Natural Disasters are:-

► Earthquakes

► Tsunami

► Tropical Cyclone

► Flood

► Drought

Earthquakes:-

Earthquakes are most unpredictable and highly destructive of all the natural

disaster.

Earthquakes are associated with volcanic eruption, rockfall, landslides,

subsidence impounding of dams and reservoirs etc, have limited area of

influence and scale of damage.

► Some of the vulnerable states are:-

Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, uttarakhand, Sikkim,

Darjeeling, and subdivision of West Bengal

► Most severe earthquakes:-

Gujarat (Kutch) in the year of 1819 , 1956, 2001

Maharashtra (Khoya Nagar)in the year of 1967, 1993

► Division of India in five earthquake zones:-

► Very high damage risk zone :- National Geophysical laboratory

► High damage risk zone :- Geological survey of India

► Moderate damage risk zone :- Department of Meteorology

► Low damage risk ezone :- Government of India

► Very low damage risk zone :- National institute of DM

► Effects of earthquakes:-

► earthquakes are responsible for landslides often

Cause destruction in river.

► Surface seismic waves produced pressure on the

Upper layer of the earth cost.

► Mitigation strategies for earthquake:-

► establishing earthquakes monitoring centres (Seismological center).

► Use of GPS to monitor the movement of tectonic plates.

► Vulnerability map of the country can be prepared.

► modifying the house types and building designs in the vulnerable areas.

► Discouraging construction of high rise building, large industrial establishment

and big ban centre in such area.

► Mandatory adoption of earthquake resistant designs.

► Using of light materials in major construction activities in the vulnerable

areas.

Tsunami :-

Tsunami also known as harbour waves/ seismicwaves.

► earthquake and volcanic eruption

► abrupt movement of sea flears

► sudden displacement of ocean water

► in form of vertical wave

Vulnerable areas:-

► Sumantra, Indonesia -26 Dec 2004

► Tamilnadu , puducherry -Dec 2004

► the Boxing day tsunami is one of the most deadliest record 230000

lives.

► Lituya Bay largest tsunami wave over in July 1978 all months the

length of 1720 foot wave

► Effects of tsunami:-

► tsunami not on the destroy human life but have a devastating effect on

insects animal plants and natural resources.

► A tsunami changes the landscape, It uproot trees and plants and destroy

animal habitats.

► Mitigation strategies for tsunami:-

► We can want people of potential tsunami from distant earthquake.

► We can construct of seawalls and break water

► Prevention of tsunami catastrophes requires carefully plant use of low lying

areas

► Protecting coral reefs.

Tropical cyclone:-

A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a large low pressure

centre and numerous thunderstorms.

Tropical cyclones :- grounds of rotating low-pressure storms that form around

the equator.

Develop over warm tropical oceans.

Produce strong winds and heavy rainfall.

► Most vulnerable areas effect by tropical cyclone:-

West Bengal, odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu

Puducherry on the east coast and one State Gujarat

► Typhoon tip was the largest tropical cyclone

On record with diameter 1,380mi

(2,220km)

► Effects of tropical Cyclone:-

► They harm the ecosystem of the surrounding regin

► Civil facilities and communication systems are disturbed

► The causes harm to plant human and animal life

► agricultural land is severely affected especially in term of water supply

and soil erosion

► The cause damage to the life and the property of the people and the

government

► Mitigation strategies for tropical cyclone:-

► Installation of early warning system

► Developing communication infrastructure

► Developing shelterbelts

► Construction of permanent house

► Land use control land settlement planning

Flood:-

Flood is a overflow of excess water that

submerge land and inflow of tied into land.

A flood occurs when the Geomorphic Equilibrium

in the River system because of intrinsic or

extrinsic factors for when a system crosses the

geomorphic thersold

Most frequent and deadliest

► Most vulnerable areas of flood:-

► Bihar, West Bengal ,Uttar Pradesh, Kerala

,Gujarat ,Punjab ,Haryana

► The Johnstown flood was one of the biggest

flood, begin 3:00 p.m. on May 31, 1889 in

this 1600 buildings sweep away and ud 2,200

people died.

► Effects of flood:-

► Floods destroy drainage systems causing raw Sawage to spill out into

bodies of water

► Building can destroyedwhich can lead to many toxic materials such as

paint pesticides and gasoline being released into the rivers lakes bay and

ocean killing marine life

► floods cause significant amount of erosion to cost leading to more

frequent flooding is not repair

► Flights positively impact the environment by spreading sediment

containing nutrients to topsoil

► Mitigation strategies for floods:-

► Control the water level by building dams, pumping stations

► Building barriers and embankments

► Alta the river channel straighten is widden and deppend it

► Control land use around the river land use zoning

Drought:-

The word drought instantly brings image of dry pached

land no rainfall, crop failures, starvation and bad living

condition to our mind

In simple terms draught is a condition of acute

scarcity of water, food order and and

unemployment due to scanty rainfall in an areas

Vulnerable areas of drought:-

Aurangabad, odisha, Maharashtra, Rajasthan,

Telangana, Gujarat

► The most prolonged drought ever in the world

occurred in the Atacama Desert in Chile (400years)

► Effects of droughts:-

► Anxiety or depression about economic

losses caused by drought

► Laws of human life

► Health problems related low water flow

and poor quality

► Lack of food and drinking water

► Mitigation strategies for drought:-

► many dams and their associated reserve

wires supply additional water in time of

drought

► Desalination of seawater for irrigation or

consumption

► Continuous observation of rainfall levels

and comparison with current usage levels

► Cloud seeding

Conclusion :-

► Natural disasters are generated by sudden liberation of energy created by

natural forces. Earthquake and volcanic eruption represent the

continuous release of thermal energy from the interior of the planet.

There is not a functional theory datala prediction of these events.

Atmospheric disasters like floods and erosion maybe exacerbated by

alterations in weather and atmospheric composition due to human

impact.

► The high level of destruction is due to overpopulation that increases the

number of developed places in the world combined by development in

areas of high risks like shoreline and river basins due to the improve

economic and agricultural factors.

► The best way to deal with disaster is educating and enforcing

measurements to increase safety of buildings planned development in

order to avoid zones of high risk