Natural Bentonite ClayFor

OrganicPersonal Products

Before using, read, understand and comply with the information and precautions in the Material Safety Data Sheets, label and other product literature. The information presented herein, while not guaranteed, was prepared by technical personnel and, to the best of our knowledge and belief, is true and accurate as of the date hereof. No warranty, representation or guarantee, express or implied, is made regarding accuracy, performance, stability, reliability or use. This information is not intended to be all-inclusive, because the manner and conditions of use, handling, storage and other factors may involve other or additional safety or performance considerations. The user is responsible for determining the suitability of any material for a specific purpose and for adopting such safety precautions as may be required. R.T. Vanderbilt Company does not warrant the results to be obtained in using any material, and disclaims all liability with respect to the use, handling or further processing of any such material. No suggestion for use is intended as, and nothing herein shall be construed as, a recommendation to infringe any existing patent or to violate any federal, state or local law or regulation.

Before viewing the following presentation, please be sure to read the usage statement:

Bentonite, a natural clay mineral, is listed as

an approved ingredient in organic products

as long as it is processed in a manner that meets the objectives of organic certification.

is produced

specifically for use in organicorganic personal

products. The clay washing process used

to produce is

consistent with the processing principles

for organic ingredients.

is produced to Magnesium Aluminum Silicate NF Type IA specifications and conforms to the requirements for Bentonite FCC. INCI name: Magnesium Aluminum Silicate

Stabilize Suspensions

Perfect Emulsions

Optimize Flow

The organicorganic formulator’s choice to:

A single crystal has a flake or platelet shape, one nanometer thick and up to several hundred nanometers across. Each platelet has negatively charged faces and a very slight positive charge on its edges. The net platelet charge is negative.

~+~+

_ _ __

__ 1 nm100s nm

~+_ _ _

_

__

~+

~+~+_ _ _

_

__

~+Na+

Na+

Na+Na+

~+__Na+_ __

Na+Na+ _

Na+

Na+

_ __Na+

Na+ _Na+

Na+

This net negative

charge is balanced

primarily by sodium

ions. A single

granule is composed

of thousands of

sandwiched platelets

with sodium ions

and a layer of water

between each.

H 2O

H 2O

H 2ONa +

Na +

Na +

When and

water are mixed, water

penetrates between

the platelets, forcing

them further apart.

The sodium ions begin

to diffuse away from

platelet faces.

~+

~+_

_

_

_

__

~+~+

_ _ __ __

~+

~+_

__

_

__

~+~+

__

__

_ _

H 2O

H 2O

H 2O

H 2O

H 2O

Diffusion, the movement

of cations from between

platelets out into the

water, and osmosis, the

movement of water into

the space between

platelets, then promote

delamination until

platelets are completely

separated.

+

+ +

___

_

_

_

_ _ _

_

_

_

__

_

_ _ __

_

__

_

_

_

_

__ __

___

+

+

+

++

+

+

+

++

+

++

+++

+

+

Once the is hydrated (delaminated) the weakly positive platelet edges are attracted to the negatively charged platelet faces. A 3-dimensional colloidal structure forms.

This colloidal structure is valued for its ability to trap and segregate

Solids, as in a suspension Oils, as in an emulsion Gases, as in a foam or mousse

THIXOTROPY: undisturbed, dispersions increase in viscosity over time. Undera constant shear rate they decrease inviscosity over time.

PSEUDOPLASTICITY: increasing applied shear decreases viscosity.

YIELD VALUE: a certain minimum force must be applied to start disrupting the

structure. SHEAR RATE

VIS

CO

SIT

YV

ISC

OS

ITY

TIME

rheology: three characteristics

The BEST dispersions are prepared in water that contains no other ingredients. More energy input gives quicker hydration.

must be properly hydrated to provide the desired performance properties.

Guidelines For Best UseGuidelines For Best Use

The two guidelines are:

For best results, should be hydrated before other formula ingredients are added. Any materials present in the water when the clay is added will interfere with hydration and inhibit the formation of the desired colloidal structure.

~+~+

_ _ __

__

~+~+

_ _ __

__

~+~+

_ _ __

__

Na + Na +Na +

Na +Na +

Na +

Na +

Na +

H 2O

H 2O

H 2ONa +

Na +

Na +

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

Degree of Hydration

The extent to which the clay particles are separated

into individual platelets is the degree of hydration.

The greater the degree of hydration, the stronger the

colloidal structure, and the greater the viscosity and

yield value of the dispersion.

The degree of hydration is directly proportional to the amount of energy imparted, and therefore increases in proportion to the following factors:

Any change in water temperature or mixer intensity (speed, propeller:vessel ratio) will affect the degree of hydration and the hydration time. Use the same water temperature, shear and mixing time to get the same viscosity and yield value every time.

Another Guideline

   

Propeller Mixer: 800 rpm, 25oC 800 rpm, 75oC

Homogenizer: 3000 rpm, 25oC 3000 rpm, 75oC  

 

120 minutes 45 minutes

 30 minutes15 minutes

The following guidelines for the minimum hydration time of illustrate the effect of shear rate and water temperature.

Minimum Suggested Hydration Times

Stabilize Suspensions

Perfect Emulsions

Optimize Flow

The organicorganic formulator’s choice to: