nato savresianinnaattoo ssaavvrreessiiaanniinato...
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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetihumanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetihumanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetihumanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti
qarTveluri enaTmecnierebaqarTveluri enaTmecnierebaqarTveluri enaTmecnierebaqarTveluri enaTmecniereba
nato SavreSianinato SavreSianinato SavreSianinato SavreSiani
ekomigrant svanTa metyvelebis sintaqsuri Taviseburebaniekomigrant svanTa metyvelebis sintaqsuri Taviseburebaniekomigrant svanTa metyvelebis sintaqsuri Taviseburebaniekomigrant svanTa metyvelebis sintaqsuri Taviseburebani
filologiis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili
dddd i i i i ssss eeee rrrr tttt aaaa cccc i i i i aaaa
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
Tsu asoc. profesori merab Cuxua
Tbilisi
2013
avtoris stili daculia
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SesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavali
svanur enas qarTvelur enaTa Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia.
svanurSi daculi arqaizmebi, rTuli fonetikuri procesebi, struq-
turuli sxvaobani da dialeqturi Taviseburebani araerTgzis gamxdara
enaTmecnierTa kvlevis obieqti. aRniSnul sakiTxebs araerTi naSromi
miuZRvnes cnobilma qarTvelma Tu ucxoelma qarTvelologebma.
svanuri enis leqsikuri masalebi pirvelad fiqsirdeba i. giulden-
Stedtis (1787-1791 ww.) da i. klaproTis (1807-1808 ww.) naSromebSi, xolo
pirveli gramatikuli mimoxilva warmoadgina g. rozenma laSxur kiloze
dayrdnobiT.
v. Tofurias dakvirvebiT ucxoeli qarTvelologebi „svanuri di-
aleqtebidan yvelaze ufro xSirad iyenebdnen uSgulurs, naklebad _
laSxurs, balszemours, iSviaTad _ balsqvemoursa da Coluruls. sru-
lebiT ar yofila dakvirvebis obieqtad lentexuri“ (13, 151).
mas Semdeg rac ganisazRvra da gamoiyo svanuris oTxi ZiriTadi
kilo, enaTmecnierebi svanurSi calkeuli sakiTxebis ganxilvisas Ziri-
Tadad balszemour dialeqts eyrdnobian: „ufro uxvad warmodgenilia
balszemouri kilos masalebi, radgan, rogorc cnobilia, am kiloSi
ufro sruli saxiTaa Semonaxuli svanuri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
mravali movlena“ (1, 107).
svanurSi tradiciulad oTx dialeqts (balszemour, balsqvemour,
lentexur da laSxur) gamoyofen.
samecniero sazogadoebaSi aqtualuria svanur dialeqtTa Soris Co-
luruli metyvelebis adgilis gansazRvris sakiTxi, Tumca es problema
dRemde gadaWrili ar aris.
Coluruli moqceulia laSxursa da lentexurs Soris da amis gamo
orives ZiriTad gramatikul movlenebs iziarebs. mis calke dialeqtad
gamoyofas jer kidev akademikosi niko mari uWerda mxars. aleqsandre
onianis azriT, "Coluruli iseve gansxvavdeba svanuris yvela sxva dia-
leqtisagan, rogorc TiToeuli maTgani _ erTmaneTisagan. es ki Coluru-
lis damoukidebel dialeqtad gamoyofis safuZvels iZleva", ufro metic,
igi kategoriulad ewinaaRmdegeba Colurulis sxva romelime dialeqtSi
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gaerTianebas, vinaidan „... is msgavsad balszemourisa, laSxurisaganac
gansxvavdeba (umlautiani xmovnebiT) da lentexurisa da balsqvemo-
urisaganac (grZeli xmovnebiT)“ (29, 7)
v. Tofurias, cxumarulis msgavsad, Coluruli metyvelebac narev
dialeqtad miaCnia: „narevi dialeqtia uTuod zemosvanurSi cxumaruli da
qvemosvanurSi Coluruli metyveleba... Coluruli ZiriTadad laSxurs
ekedleba“ (13, 56).
Coluruls akaki SaniZe calke kilod ar Tvlis da mas or nawilad
yofs: `unda SevniSno, rom Coluruli calke kilos ar warmoadgens. enob-
rivad igi or nawilad iyofa: zemo nawili laSxuris kilokavia, qvemo na-
wili ki (sof. saydari, buleSi, muwdi) _ lentexuria. Tumca unda aRvniS-
no isic, rom zemo ColurulSi umlautebic aris, romlebic mas lente-
xurTan aaxloebs, xolo qvemo ColurulSi grZeli xmovnebic, raica mas
laSxurTan akavSirebs~ (44, 84).
aRniSnul dialeqtze metyveli mosaxleoba kompaqturad aris ganla-
gebuli cxeniswylis xeobis im nawilSi, romelic laSxeTsa da lentexs
Soris mdebareobs da sakmao manZiliTaa daSorebuli laSxur da lente-
xur dialeqtze mosaubreTagan.
Cveni azriT, Coluruli metyvelebis mravalferovani masalis mopo-
veba-gamoqveynebisa da specialuri Seswavlis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneba
svanur dialeqtTa Soris Colurulis adgilis sabolood gansazRvra.
„umwerlobo qarTvelur enaTa fiqsireba, rogorc es mravalgzis
aRniSnula, gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis amocanaa, vinaidan Tanamedrove
epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli intensiuri kontaqtebi gansazRvraven nebis-
mieri enis, gansakuTrebiT ki umwerlobo enebis, swrafi tempiT cvlas“
(34, 240).
sadisertacio naSromSi gamoyenebulia specialuri samecniero
literatura, warmodgenilia svanuris yvela dialeqtis mravalferovani
Janruli masala rogorc svanuri enis qrestomaTiidan, ise svanuri pro-
zauli teqstebis oTxive tomidan da svanuri poeziidan, agreTve, Cven
mier savele pirobebSi mopovebuli sxvadasxva dialeqtis monacemebi, maT
Soris Coluruli da laxamuluri metyvelebis nimuSebi. zusti sali-
teraturo qarTuli ekvivalentebi axlavs yvela CamoTvlil wyaros.
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sintaqsuri TvalsazrisiT Coluruli metyveleba, svanuris sxva
dialeqtebisagan gansxvavebiT, dRemde specialuri kvlevis obieqti ar
yofila. Cven mier warmodgenili sadisertacio naSromi aris pirveli
mcdeloba, sxva dialeqtebis paralelurad warmodgenili iqnas Coluru-
li metyvelebis sintaqsuri sakiTxebi. naSromSi, agreTve, gaTvalis-
winebulia svaneTidan ekologiuri mizezebis gamo qvemo qarTlSi
migrirebul svanTa metyvelebis nimuSebic.
rogorc cnobilia, sintaqsi sakiTxTa farTo wres aerTianebs da
Cven naSromSi SevexebiT ZiriTad sakiTxebs: disertaciis mizania, svanuris
sintaqsuri sakiTxebis Seswavlis safuZvelze warmovaCinoT, Tu ra Tavi-
seburebebi axasiaTebs da ra saerTo aqvs svanuris sintaqss qarTulTan
mimarTebaSi.
svanurisvanurisvanurisvanuri sintaqsissintaqsissintaqsissintaqsis SeswavlisSeswavlisSeswavlisSeswavlis istoriaistoriaistoriaistoria
„apolonios diskolom pirvelma moxaza sintaqsis are da naTlad
aRniSna is sakiTxebi, romelnic sintaqss ganekuTvnebian, man Tavidanve
sityvaTa SeTanxmebas miaqcia yuradReba, dasva da gadawyvita sintaqsis
ZiriTadi sakiTxi“ (52, 34).
XVII saukunidan dawyebuli qarTuli enis Zv. gramatikebSi sintaqsi,
anu leqsTTxzuleba, rogorc gramatikis calkeuli dargi, umeteswilad
gamijnulia morfologiisagan.
sintaqsis sagnis Sesaxeb enaTmecnierTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxva-
obaa. mecnierTa erTi nawili sintaqsis sagnad sityvaTa Sexameba-SekavSi-
rebebs miiCnevs, garkveul nawils sintaqsis sagnad — winadadeba da
winadadebis wevrebi miaCnia, xolo mecnierTa nawili sintaqsSi erTad
ganixilavs sityvaTa Sexameba-SekavSirebebsa da winadadebas.
sintaqsis saxelmZRvaneloebic swored am ukanaskneli Sexedulebis
mixedviTaa Sedgenili, sadac SesityvebasTan erTad ganxilulia winada-
deba da winadadebis wevrebi.
jer kidev XVIII saukuneSi anton pirvelma Tavis „qarTul Rrama-
tikaSi“, franCesko-maria majos msgavsad, sintaqsis sagnad metyvelebis
nawilebs Soris damokidebuleba (SeTanxmeba, marTva) miiCnia. misive
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ganmartebiT sintaqsi aris „gankargæa wesier TanÃmobiTi nawilTa Ãelov-
nebiTsa yovladsa Sina“ (6, 213).
„gaioz reqtori iZleva sintaqsis ramdenadme gansxvavebul gansaz-
Rvras: „sÂintaqsi, anu aRnaqæsi ars nawili Rramatikisa, romelica
aswavebs TanÃmobasa Sewyobasa Sina nawilTa sityÂsaTa“. TanTanTanTanÃÃÃÃmmmmobaobaobaoba gaiozi-
saTvis farTo cnebaa. igi aRniSnavs rogorc SeTanxmebas, aseve saerTod
— SekavSirebas, Sexamebas. gaiozma, antonisagan gansxvavebiT axali
termini SemoiRo (aRnaqæsi), misi mixedviT sintaqsi aris samgvari: 1.
martivi, 2. xelovnebiTi anu ritoruli, 3. uxvsityvaobiTi anu Svenier-
sityvaobiTi“ (17, 78).
anton I -isa da gaioz reqtoris sintaqsiseul gagebas iziareben
daviT bagrationi, ioane bagrationi da ioane qarTveliSvili.
XIX saukunis 30 — 40-iani wlebidan sintaqsSi, SesityvebaTa siste-
maSi upiratesoba eniWeba winadadebas, rogorc azris (msjelobis) gamom-
xatvel Sesityvebas, magaliTad „platon ioselianis TqmiT: leqsTa Txzu-
leba (sintaqsi) aris nawili gramatikisa, romelica aswavebs sityvisa na-
wilTa kanoniersa Sewyobasa gamoxatvisaTvis srulisa hazrisa“ (17, 79).
XIX saukunis 50-iani wlebidan saskolo gramatikebSi sintagmaTa
struqturul-semantikuri analizis adgils winadadebis funqciur seman-
tikuri analizi ikavebs, sityvaTa urTierTobis sakiTxebi iCrdileba,
adre xmarebuli terminebi (ufali, Zieba) qreba da maT nacvlad fun-
qciuri terminebi (qvemdebare, damateba, Semasmeneli...) Cndeba. sintaqsi, anu
moZRvreba leqsTa Txzvis Sesaxeb, winadadebis Sesaxeb moZRvrebad iqceva.
Sesabamisad saskolo gramatikebSi gvxvdeba sintaqsis amgvari gan-
marteba: „sintaqsi aris gramatikis nawili, romelic Seiswavlis wina-
dadebis tipebs da winadadebaSi sityvaTa SekavSirebis wesebs. igi arkvevs,
ra da ra tipis sityvebi SeiZleba Seewyos erTmaneTs, ra saxis urTier-
Toba SeiZleba damyardes maT Soris da ra daniSnuleba aqvs ama Tu im
sityvas winadadebaSi“ (19, 6).
„XX saukunidan gramatikaSi Tavi iCina axalma, formalurma
(struqturulma) mimarTulebam, romelmac sintaqsis miznad Sesityvebis
mxolod agebulebis (struqturis) kvleva dasaxa. struqturul mimarTu-
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lebas qarTuli enaTmecnieruli azris istoriaSi safuZveli Cauyara arn.
Ciqobavas naSromebma“ (17, 79).
arn. Ciqobavas TvalsazrisiT, „sintaqsi aris moZRvreba SesityvebaTa
Sesaxeb. sintaqsis sagania sityvaTa SenaerTi, Sesityveba. cxadia, rom
erTi sityvis sintaqsi SeuZlebelia. sityvaTa SeanaerTSi mTavar rols
asrulebs saxeli da zmna; sxva sityvebi amaT ekedleba (52, 36).
qarTulSi sintaqsis Seswavlis istorias l. kvantaliani XVII sa-
ukunidan f. majos gramatikiT iwyebs, Tumca Tvlis, rom „sintaqsis Ses-
wavlis istoriis dasawyisi adreul saukuneebSi unda veZeboT“ (17, 76).
Sesityvebis sakiTxebis mecnieruli Seswavla meoce saukunidan
daiwyo, mas Semdeg rac gamoqveynda arn. Ciqobavas monografia „martivi
winadadebis problema qarTulSi“ da werilTa seria „ra Tavisebureba
axasiaTebs qarTuli enis agebulebas“.
Sesityvebis sintaqsurad SeswavlaSi arn. Ciqobava Sesityvebis Se-
dgenilobis Seswavlasa da Sesityvebis struqturis dadgenas gulisxmobs.
qarTul gramatikaSi Sesityvebis sakiTxi metad aqtualuria da mas
ara erTi avtoris naSromi mieZRvna. garda zemoT CamoTvlilisa, aRsa-
niSnavia, v. Tofurias „metyvelebis sakiTxebisaTvis qarTulSi“ (sadac v.
Tofuria iziarebs Sesityvebis arn. Ciqobavaseul gagebas), „mSobliuri
enis swavlebis sakiTxebi saSualo skolaSi“, n. basilaias „qarTuli mar-
Tlweris sakiTxebi“, a. daviTianis „qarTuli enis sintaqsi“, m. cikolias
„sityvaTa rigi, rogorc sintaqsisa da stilistikis sagani“ da sxv.
winadadebis Sesaxeb gamoTqmul gansazRvrebebSi azri (msjeloba)
figurirebs, rogorc winadadebis definiciis aucilebeli konponenti
(winadadeba aris azri, an msjeloba... winadadeba aris sityvaTa SeerTeba,
romelic dasrulebul azrs gamoxatavs).
arn. Ciqobavas TvalsazrisiT ki azri gramatikis ganxilvis sagani
ver iqneba. winadadeba gansazRvruli unda iqnes specifikuri, sintaqsuri
niSnebiT, im damokidebulebaze damyarebiT, romelic sityvaTa Soris Se-
sityvebaSi iqmneba. amrigad: „winadadeba aris Sesityveba, agebuli zmnisa
da saxelisagan koordinaciis Tu marTvis safuZvelze (koordinaciisaze
– relatiur-zmnian winadadebaSi, marTvisaze – absolutur-zmnianSi)“ (52,
234).
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sintaqsSi unda ganixilebodes Tu ara winadadeba da winadadebis
wevrebi, amaze vrclad msjelobs arn. Ciqobava: „gvWirdeba Tu ara sintaq-
sSi „winadadebawinadadebawinadadebawinadadeba“, „qvemdebareqvemdebareqvemdebareqvemdebare“, „SemasmeneliSemasmeneliSemasmeneliSemasmeneli“, „damatebadamatebadamatebadamateba“, „gansazRvrebagansazRvrebagansazRvrebagansazRvreba“,
„garemoebanigaremoebanigaremoebanigaremoebani“? – es terminebi SeiZleba davtovoT sintaqsSi, Tu maT gar-
kveuli sintaqsuri Sinaarsi ganekuTvnebaT, ese igi, Tu isini gamoye-
nebulni iqnebian sityvaTa damokidebulebis aRsaniSnavad, sityvaTa
rolis dasaxasiaTeblad SesityvebaSi. Tu es aucilebeli piroba ar
Sesruldeba, am terminebis xmareba mxolod imis momaswavebeli iqneba,
rom sintaqsi „arasintaqsurad Seiswavleba... ...cnebani: winadadeba
(mxedevelobaSi gvaqvs winadadebawinadadebawinadadebawinadadeba-cneba, romlis nawilebs metyvelebis
nawilebi ki ar Seadgens (am gagebiT winadadeba ZvelTaganve ixmareboda),
aramed qvemdebare-Semasmeneli), qvemdebare, Semasmeneli — gramatikaSi
logikidan aris gadmotanili mecxramete saukuneSi; iqidan moyolebuli
warmoebs maTi aklimatizacia da jerac ar aris damTavrebuli es pro-
cesi... pirvandeli SinaarsiT am cnebebis datoveba enaTmecnierebaSi ga-
umarTlebeli iqneboda, xolo Tuki maT mkacrad enaTmecnierulienaTmecnierulienaTmecnierulienaTmecnieruli SinaarsiSinaarsiSinaarsiSinaarsi
miecemoda, maTi arsebobac gamarTlebuli iqneboda“ (52, 71-127).
arn. Ciqobava saubrobs „„„„uwinadadebouwinadadebouwinadadebouwinadadebo sintaqszesintaqszesintaqszesintaqsze“: „... sintaqsis mizans
ar Seadgens winadadebis da misi nawilebis Zieba... sintaqsi sityvaTa da-
mokidebulebas iZiebs ... „uwinadadebo“ sintaqsi ara Tu warmosadgenia,
aramed faqtia kidec, faqti orjer ufro xangrZlivi istoriis mqone Cven-
Si, vinem es „winadadebian sintaqss“ gaaCnia. ...winadadeba ver gamocxaddeba
principulad uCveulo da gansakuTrebul sagnad sintaqsisa“ (52, 73-127).
Tumca avtors miaCnia, rom winadadeba SesityvebaTa Soris upirate-
sobiT unda sargeblobdes, radgan masSi monawileobs saxeli da zmna:
„...udavoa, rom igi unda sargeblobdes upiratesobiT sxva SesityvebaTa
Soris, radganac masSi monawileobs metyvelebis ori ZiriTadi nawili:
saxeli da zmna, Sesityvebisa, da saerTod, metyvelebis xerxemali“ (52,
127).
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arn.
Ciqobava sintaqsSi winadadebis Semoyvanas da ganxilvas amarTlebs imde-
nad, ramdenadac „winadadeba garkveuli saxis Sesityvebaa da, maSasadame,
misi nawilebis kvalifikaciac xdeba saTanado sityvaTa urTierTobis
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mixedviT; winadadebis nawilTa aRmniSvneli cnebebis Sinaarsi migviTi-
Tebs, ra rolsac TamaSobs esa Tu is sityva winadadebaSi: aris igi
gabatonebuli, Tu damokidebuli, mmarTveli Tu marTuli, maTanxmebeli
Tu SeTanxmebuli, Tu arc erTia, arc meore, aramed mxolod mirTulia“
(52, 122).
sintaqsis sakiTxebze qarTulSi araerT mkvlevars umuSavia da
samecniero kvleva dResac grZeldeba, Sesabamisad aRniSnul gramatikul
kategoriasTan dakavSirebiT mdidari samecniero literatura arsebobs,
maT Soris gamosarCevia: antonantonantonanton I I I I----isisisis „qarTuli Rrammatika“, franCeskofranCeskofranCeskofranCesko
mariomariomariomario----majosmajosmajosmajos „Rramatika“, daviTdaviTdaviTdaviT bagrationisbagrationisbagrationisbagrationis „qarTuli Rramatika“, ioaneioaneioaneioane
bagrationisbagrationisbagrationisbagrationis „qarTuli Rramatika“, gaiozgaiozgaiozgaioz reqtorisreqtorisreqtorisreqtoris „qarTuli
Rrammatika“, ssss. . . . dodaSvilisdodaSvilisdodaSvilisdodaSvilis „Semoklebuli qarTuli Rrammatika“, iiii. . . .
nikolaiSvilisnikolaiSvilisnikolaiSvilisnikolaiSvilis „qarTuli mokle gramatika“, iliailiailiailia feraZisaferaZisaferaZisaferaZisa dadadada iliailiailiailia
sixaruliZissixaruliZissixaruliZissixaruliZis „enis dakvirveba“, ioaneioaneioaneioane qarTveliSvilisqarTveliSvilisqarTveliSvilisqarTveliSvilis „qarTuli
gramatika“, aaaa. . . . quTaTelaZisquTaTelaZisquTaTelaZisquTaTelaZis „pirvel-dawyebiTi qarTuli gramatika“, mmmm. . . .
janaSvilisjanaSvilisjanaSvilisjanaSvilis „qarTuli gramatika“, ssss. . . . xundaZisxundaZisxundaZisxundaZis „qarTuli gramatika“, vvvv. . . .
TofuriasTofuriasTofuriasTofurias „Sromebi“, misive ― „qarTuli enis gramatikis sadavo sakiT-
xebi“, arnarnarnarn. . . . CiqobavasCiqobavasCiqobavasCiqobavas „qarTuli enis zogadi daxasiaTeba“, misive ―
„martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi“, misive ― „ra Taviseburebani
axasiaTebs qarTuli enis agebulebas“, aaaa. . . . SaSaSaSaniZisniZisniZisniZis „Txzulebani“, t III, mmmm. . . .
cikoliascikoliascikoliascikolias „sityvaTa rigi rogorc sintaqsisa da stilistikis sagani“, SSSS. . . .
ZiZigurisZiZigurisZiZigurisZiZiguris „rTuli winadadebis problema qarTul enaSi“, rrrr. . . . WikaZisWikaZisWikaZisWikaZis
„winadadebis agebulebis sakiTxisaTvis qarTulSi (erTgvarSemasmenlebian
Serwymuli winadadebis magaliTze)“, misive ― „winadadebis parataqsuli
konstruqcia qarTulSi“, alalalal. . . . RlontisRlontisRlontisRlontis „qarTuli winadadeba“, JJJJ. . . .
feiqriSvilisfeiqriSvilisfeiqriSvilisfeiqriSvilis „qarTuli enis sintaqsi“, akakakak. . . . daviTianisdaviTianisdaviTianisdaviTianis „qarTuli enis
sintaqsi“, aaaa. . . . kiziriaskiziriaskiziriaskizirias „Serwymuli winadadeba qarTulSi“, misive ―
„martivi winadadebis Sedgeniloba qarTvelur enebSi“, llll. . . . kvaWaZiskvaWaZiskvaWaZiskvaWaZis
„Tanamedrove qarTuli enis sintaqsi“, llll. . . . kvantalianiskvantalianiskvantalianiskvantalianis „misamarTi
sityvisa da mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelis SeTanxmeba qarTulSi“ da sxv.
rac Seexeba svanurs, svanuri sintaqsis Seswavlis istoria,
ZiriTadad, XX saukunidan iwyeba, mas Semdeg, rac intensiurad daiwyo
svanuri masalis Sekreba–Cawera da xelmisawvdomi gaxda svanuri dialeq-
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tebis teqstebi, Sesabamisad gamoqveynda sxvadasxva naSromebic, Tumca
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom jer kideva me-19 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi g.
rozenis gramatikul mimoxilvaSi „Ossetische Sprachlehre nebst einer Abhandlung
uber das Mingrelische, Suanische und Abchasische“-Si mocemulia svanuris
msazRvrel-sazRvrulis daxasiaTeba (32, 57-70).
svanuri sintaqsis kvlevaSi didi wvlili miuZRviT v. Tofurias, m.
qaldans, n. abesaZes, a. kizirias, g. rogavas, i. CantlaZes da a. S. aRniSnu-
li sakiTxis mecnieruli Seswavla, rasakvirvelia, amJamadac grZeldeba.
v. Tofurias TqmiT „svanuri da qarTuli TiTqmis ar gansxvavdebian
erTmaneTisgan sintaqsur sakiTxebSi. qarTuli sintaqsi mTlianad miudge-
ba svanurs, mxolod magaliTebi iqneba Sesacvleli. erTaderTi ZiriTadi
gansxvaveba Cans III p. sxvaTa sityvis gadmocemaSi. am mxriv svanuri origi-
naluria ara marto qarTvelur enebSi: am TaviseburebiT gamoirCeva is
sxva enaTaganac“ (13, 254).
zemoT CamoTvlil mkvlevarTa mier gamoqveynebulma naSromebma da
Tanamedrove kvleva-Ziebam gviCvena, rom qarTulTan msgavsebis miuxedavad,
svanur sintaqsSi calkeul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT garkveuli sxva-
obebi SeiniSneba, sxvaobaTa mravalferovneba dialeqturi nairsaxeobebi-
Tacaa gamowveuli.
v. Tofurias SromebSi svanuris sintaqss sakmaod didi adgili
uWiravs, ZiriTadad ganxilulia winadadeba Sinaarsisa da aRnagobis
mixedviT, winadadebis wevrebi funqciisa da morfologiuri Tval-
sazrisiT, winadadebis wevrTa sintaqsuri urTierToba da paralelebia
gavlebuli qarTulis Sesabamis kategoriebTan.
svanuris sintaqsis SeswavlaSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs n.
abesaZis kvlevebs: „hipotaqsis wevr-kavSirebi da kavSirebi svanurSi“,
„Serwymuli winadadebebi svanurSi“, „grZnobisa da Tqma-brZanebis gamo-
mxatvel zmnaTa Semcveli qvewyobili winadadebebi svanurSi“, „rom
kavSiri qarTvelur enebSi“, „gansazRvreba svanurSi“, „damatebebisa da
Semasmenlis sintaqsuri urTierTobis zogierTi sakiTxi svanurSi“,
„zmniswinebisa da Tandebulebis urTierTobis zogi sakiTxisaTvis qarTve-
lur enebSi“, „mimarTebiTi zmnizedebi svanuri enis qvewyobil winada-
debaSi“, „mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebis gamoyeneba qvewyobili winada-
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- 10 -
debebis wevr-kavSirebad svanurSi“, „ere (rom) kavSirisaTvis svanurSi“,
„brunvaTa sintaqsuri funqciebi svanurSi qarTulTan mimarTebiT“ da sxv.
naSromSi „hipotaqsis wevr-kavSirebi da kavSirebi svanurSi“, rTuli
qvewyobili winadadebis maqvemdebarebeli wevr-kavSirebi da kavSirebi
ganxilulia svanuris oTxive dialeqtis monacemebze dayrdnobiT, Tumca
rogorc avtori acxadebs, „uxvad warmodgenilia balszemouri kilos
masalebi, radgan am kiloSi ufro sruli saxiTaa Semonaxuli svanuri
enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlena“ (1, 107).
ganxiluli masalis safuZvelze mkvlevari askvnis, rom „svanur
enaSi hipotaqsis ganviTareba sakmaod maRal safexurze dgas, rodesac
mTavari da damokidebuli winadadebis dacalkeveba umtkivneulod ver
xerxdeba“ (1, 144).
v. Tofurias msgavsad, n. abesaZec Tvlis, rom rTuli qvewyobili
winadadebis aRnagobiT svanuri ZiriTadad qarTuls hgavs (mag: qvewyobil
winadadebaSi mimarTebiTi zmnizedebis gamoyenebac arsebiTad qarTuli-
seburia; mimarTebiTi sityvebis kiTxviTi nawili bevr SemTxvevaSi qar-
TulTan saerTo fuZes Seicavs; mimarTebiTi sityvebis Semcvel damoki-
debul winadadebasa da mTavar winadadebas Soris Zv. qarTulis msgavsad
gamoyenebulia iiii (= da) kavSiri; mimarTebiTi sityvebi iwarmoeba kiTxviT
sityvaTa fuZeze æóæóæóæóÁÁÁÁ nawilakis darTviT, æóæóæóæóÁÁÁÁ SedgenilobiT rTulia,
Seicavs iiii (> ÁÁÁÁ ) nawilaks, romelic qarTuli -cacacaca nawilakis badalia;),
Tumca mkvlevari gansxvavebazec saubrobs.
avtors Taviseburebebi, ZiriTadad, qvewyobil winadadebaSi mimar-
TebiTi nacvalsaxelis gamoyenebis dros SeuniSnavs: „mimarTebiTi nacval-
saxelic da misamarTi sityvac brunvaSi Tavis SemasmenelTan arian
Sewyobili, magram iSviaTad dasturdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac mTavari
winadadebis misamarTi sityva mimarTebiT nacvalsaxels uTanxmdeba brun-
vaSi. es maSin xdeba, rodesac damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris Sigaa
moqceuli, Cveulebriv aseT SemTxvevebSi mTavari winadadebis meore
nawilSi meordeba nacvalsaxeli, romelic brunvaSi Tavis Semasme-
nelTanaa Sewyobili" (1, 145).
aRniSnuli gamokvleva („hipotaqsis wevr-kavSirebi da kavSirebi
svanurSi“), sxva danarCen naSromebTan erTad, sainteresoa imdenad, ram-
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denadac masSi detaluradaa ganxiluli svanuris hipotaqsis wevr-
kavSirebi da kavSirebi, yvela SesaZlo dialeqturi variantiTurT.
mniSvnelovania aseve n. abesaZis „brunvaTa sintaqsuri funqciebi
svanurSi qarTulTan mimarTebiT“, romelSic avtori msjelobs svanuris
brunvaTa rigis Sesaxeb (vinaidan samecniero literaturaSi svanuris
brunvaTa Tanmimdevrobis Sesaxeb azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa) da gvTavazobs
miseul brunvaTa rigs: saxelobiTi, micemiTi, moTxrobiTi, viTarebiTi,
moqmedebiTi, naTesaobiTi.
n. abesaZis mosazrebiT, „warmodgenil dalagebaSi aris cda erT-
droulad gamoiyenon morfologiuri, sintaqsuri da etimologiuri
Tvalsazrisi. ...aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT brunebis orfuZianoba (xSi-
rad ki samfuZianobac) svanurSi. amitom svanur brunvebs Soris saxelo-
biTs micemiTi unda mosdevdes, rogorc axali fuZis momcemi brunva. amas-
Tanave mas, saxelobiTis msgavsad, SeuZlia gadmosces qvemdebarec da pir-
mimarTi damatebebic. am or brunvas ver davaSorebT moTxrobiTs, rome-
lic maTsaviT qvemdebares gadmoscems, magram, maTgan gansxvavebiT, ar aR-
niSnavs pirmimarT damatebebs. amas garda, samfuZianobis SemTxvevaSi erT-
erT fuZed moTxrobiTic aris gamoyenebuli. amaT Semdeg yvelaze mizan-
Sewonilia jer viTarebiTi brunvis warmodgena, radgan formiT igi
moTxrobiTis msgavsia (roca orive maTgani micemiTis fuZes eyrdnoba da
fleqsiad ----dddd formanti aqvs), funqciiT ki xSirad micemiTs uaxlovdeba.
Semdeg unda daisvas moqmedebiTi, rogorc aseve micemiTis fuZeze dayrd-
nobili brunva, bolos ki naTesaobiTi, romelic wina brunvebisagan gan-
sxvavebiT, amosavlad saxelobiTs an moTxrobiTs iyenebs. amasTanave, moq-
medebiTi da naTesaobiTi funqciuradac axlo dganan erTmaneTTan“ (2, 6).
naSromSi gansakuTrebiT didi adgili uWiravs viTarebiTi brunvis
sintaqsuri funqciis ganxilvas da swored am brunvis warmoebaSi SeuniS-
navs, ZiriTadad, qarTulisgan gansxvavebuli viTarebac.
n. abesaZes Seswavlili aqvs svanuris Serwymuli winadadebebic da
askvnis, rom svanuri, vinaidan, arasaliteraturo enaa, zedmet epiTetebs
gaurbis da iSviaTad gvxvdeba erTgvargansazRvrebiani da erTgvargare-
moebiani winadadebebi; „svanurSi farTod gavrcelebulia erTgvarSemas-
menliani da erTgvarqvemdebariani Serwymuli winadadebebi. SedarebiT
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naklebad — erTgvardamatebiani, xolo erTgvargansazRvrebiani da erTg-
vargaremoebiani winadadebebi metad iSviaTad, rac imiT unda aixsnas, rom
svanuri arasaliteraturo enaa da zedmet epiTetebs gaurbis“ (3, 15).
misive dakvirvebiT, erTgvarSemasmenlian winadadebas qarTulisagan
ganasxvavebs usulo sagnis aRmniSvneli qvemdebaris mier Semasmenlis
ricxvSi SeTanxmeba: „erTgvarSemasmenlian Serwymul winadadebaSi sintaq-
suri urTierTobis mxriv savsebiT qarTuliseburi mdgomareoba gvaqvs. is
garemoeba, rom svanuri arasaliteraturo enaa, ganapirobebs mcire gansx-
vavebas usulo sagnis aRmniSvneli qvemdebaris mier Semasmenlis ricxvSi
SeTanxmebis sakiTxSi“ (3, 19).
mkvlevari qarTulisagan sxvaobas meoreulad miiCnevs da enis
ganviTarebis sxvadasxva periodiT xsnis, Tumca erTgvargansazRvrebian
winadadebebSi naTesaobiTi brunvis niSnis nawilobriv mokvecas svanuris
Taviseburebad Tvlis; „saerTod, Serwymulma winadadebebma svanurSi
qarTulis analogiuri suraTi warmogvidgina, oRond ramdenadme gansxva-
vebulia calkeul saxeobaTa gamoyenebis sixSire. erTgvargansazRvrebiani
da erTgvargaremoebiani winadadebebis SedarebiT iSviaTi xmareba damaxa-
siaTebelia arasaliteraturo enisTvis, amave mizeziT unda aixsnas merye-
oba usulo sagnis aRmniSvnel qvemdebareebTan Semasmenlis ricxvSi Se-
Tanxmebis sakiTxSi. toladSerwymul rTul saxelebTan Semasmenlis ric-
xvSi Sewyobis mxriv svanuri agreTve emijneba saliteraturo qarTuls,
magram Zneli ar aris paralelebis daZebna cocxal dialeqtebSi. da bo-
los, naTesaobiTi brunvis niSnis nawilobrivi mokveca erTgvargansazRv-
rebian winadadebebSi svanuri brunebis Taviseburebas miewereba“ (3, 26).
n. abesaZes calke statia aqvs miZRvnili iseTi qvewyobili winada-
debisTvis, romlebic grZnobisa da Tqma–brZanebis gamomxatvel zmnebs
Seicavs. mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, „grZnobisa da Tqma–brZanebis gamomxat-
vel zmnaTa Semcveli qvewyobis dros damokidebul winadadebaSi mimar-
TebiT nacvalsaxelisa da kavSiris garda, SiZleba Segvxvdes mimarTebiTi
zmnizedebi... grZnobisa da Tqma–brZanebis gamomxatvel zmnaTa qvewyobaSi
kiTxviTi mniSvnelobis mqone damokidebuli winadadebebic ixmareba, kiTx-
viTi sityvebi aseT winadadebebSi ar unda miviCnioT sakavSirebel saSu-
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alebebad, isini mxolod damokidebuli winadadebis kiTxviTobas
gadmoscemen“ (4, 15–16).
avtorma yuradReba miaqcia da calke jgufad gamoyo subieqtis gan-
wyobis gamomxatveli zmnebis Semcveli winadadebebi: „... aq SesaZlebelia
rogorc kavSiriani, ise ukavSiro SeerTeba. sakavSirebel saSvalebebad
SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos mxolod maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi, rac am
tipis winadadebebs ganasxvavebs aramarto damatebiTi damokidebuli, ara-
med „metyveleba wris“ zmnebis Semcveli qvewyobili winadadebebisagan“ (4,
17).
svanuris sintaqsis sakiTxebi ganxilulia i. CantlaZis monografi-
aSi „qarTvelologiuri Ziebani“, sadac gamowvlilviTaa ganxiluli atri-
butuli msazRvrelis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis sakiTxebi svanurTan erTad
sxva qarTvelur enebSi.
aRniSnul naSromSi, msazRvrel–sazRvrulis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis
kvlevisas sakmaod didi yuradReba eTmoba Zveli svanuri xalxuri
simRerebis enas da mkvlevari daaskvnis, rom: „svanuri enis ganviTarebis
garkveul safexurze atributul msazRvrelTan TandaTanobiT moiSala
ricxvSi STanxmeba... SeTanxmebuli formebi pirvelad prepoziciur wyoba-
Si gaCnda“ (48, 221).
sakiTxi „sxvaTa sityva svanurSi“ avtors svanuris oTxive di-
aleqtis mixedviT aqvs Seswavlili da ganxiluli, romelSic gamoTqmu-
lia varaudi, rom nawilakovani sxvisi naTqvamis Ι da ΙΙ pirSi warmodgena
svanurisaTvis gviandeli movlena unda iyos „...vfiqrobT, rom amgvari ram
svanurisaTvis SedarebiT ufro gviandelia, meoreulia da qarTul
enasTan kontaqtiT unda aixsnas“ (48, 227).
sintaqsis sakiTxTa ganxilvis dros garkveuli yuradReba eTmoba
xolme msazRvrel-sazRvrulis kategorias. swored aRniSnul sakiTxs
exeba m. naWyebias monografia „msazRvrel-sazRvrulis urTierToba qar-
Tvelur enebSi“.
naSromSi ganxiluli masalis safuZvelze avtori askvnis, rom
„msazRvrel-sazRvrulis sintaqsuri urTierTobisas istoriuli ganviTa-
rebis sxvadasxva etapze samsave enas saerTo kanonzomiereba axasiaTebda.
amasTanave, maT moepovebaT zogierTi Tavisebureba, risi mizezic mTis
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kavkasiur enebTan kontaqti (svanuri), umwerlobo enebis SeuzRudveli
ganviTareba Tu samwerlobo qarTulis normaTa stabiluroba unda iyos.
magram Tanamedrove qarTul enaSi, megrul-Wanursa da svanurSi SeimCneva
am sakiTxSi arsebuli sxvadasxvaobis TandaTanobiT gaqrobis tendencia“.
aRmoCnda, rom msazRvrelis sazRvrulTan SeTanxmebis formebi
qarTvelur enebSi erTnairi ar aris. Zv. qarTulSi msazRvrelic da
sazRvrulic erTnairad ibruneboda, Tanamedrove qarTulSi dawyebulia
msazRvreli saxelis brunvis niSnis gamartiveba, xolo megrul-Wanursa
da svanurSi es procesi dasrulebulia.
gamokvlevaSi, iTvaliswinebs ra samecniero literaturaSi gamoTq-
mul mosazrebebs, Tavadac Tvlis, rom „Zv. qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, at-
ributul msazRvrels sazRvrulis mimarT Tanamedrove saliteraturo
qarTulSi, zanursa da svanurSi prepoziciuli wyoba axasiaTebs“ (28, 181).
svanuris sintaqsis rTul sakiTxTa kvlevaSi garkveuli sinaTle
Seitana a. kiziriam. aRsaniSnavia statiebi: „qvemdebaris brunvaTa mimarTe-
ba qarTvelur enebSi“ „viTarebis garemoebis gamoxatvis saSualebani qar-
Tvelur enebSi“ da monografia „martivi winadadebis Sedgeniloba
qarTvelur enebSi“.
am ukanasknelSi qarTulTan da zanurTan mimarTebaSi gamowv-
lilviTaa ganxiluli svanuris masala. avtoris TvalsazrisiT, Sesityve-
ba da winadadeba erTmaneTs ar upirispirdeba da naSromic Ciqobavaseuli
principiTaa Sedgenili, rom „winadadeba aris erT-erTi saxis Sesityveba“.
gamokvlevaSi, qarTul-zanur-svanuris sintaqsur movlenaTa Seswav-
lisas, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba calkeul sakiTxTa Tavisebure-
bebs, radganac erTnairi viTarebis gverdiT SeiniSneba garkveuli
gansxvavebebic.
ganixilavs ra Sesityvebis yvela SesaZlo variants, askvnis, rom „
qarTvelur enebSi Sesityvebis principebi saerToa, gansxvaveba igrZnoba
gamoxatvis saSualebebSi“ (23, 60).
ganxilul naSromTa analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom
sxva qarTvelur enebTan msgavsebis miuxedavad svanur sintaqsSi calkeul
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT garkveuli sxvaobebi SeiniSneba, sxvaobaTa
mravalferovneba dialeqturi nairsaxeobebiTacaa gamowveuli.
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zemoT CamoTvlil mkvlevarTa mier gamoqveynebuli naSromebisa da
Rvawlis miuxedavad, kidev mravali sakiTxia sakvlevi svanurSi da, aqedan
gamomdinare, svanuri sintaqsis sakiTxebis Seswavla aucilebelia.
TaviTaviTaviTavi I I I I
sintaqsurisintaqsurisintaqsurisintaqsuri SekavSirebisSekavSirebisSekavSirebisSekavSirebis saxeebisaxeebisaxeebisaxeebi
§ 1. § 1. § 1. § 1. SesityvebaSesityvebaSesityvebaSesityveba. . . . Sesityvebis sakiTxis mecnieruli Seswavla iwyeba
meoce saukunis ociani wlebidan, rodesac gamoqveynda arn. Ciqobavas
vrceli monografia „martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi“ da
werilebis seria „ra Tavisebureba axasiaTebs qarTuli enis agebulebas“.
Sesityveba warmoadgens martiv sintaqsur erTeuls da moicavs sin-
taqsurad Sewyobil or an met srulmniSvnelovan sityvas (23, 3).
Sesityvebas qmnis sityvaTa Soris damokidebuleba. es damoki-
debuleba sul mcire or sityvas gulisxmobs, romelTagan erTi mTavaria,
gabatonebulia, meore masze damokidebuli. sityvaTa Soris damoki-
debuleba SeiZleba gamoixatos sxvadasxva saSualebiT. esenia: sityvaTa
forma, sityvaTa adgilmdebareoba, sityvaTa intonacia. ...SesityvebaSi
Semavali sityvebi erTmaneTis mimarT ar arian Tanabarni: erTi gaba-
tonebulia, dominantia, meore ki masze damokidebulia, dependentia. maTi
urTierTobiT gvaqvs SeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmeba, marTvamarTvamarTvamarTva da mirTvamirTvamirTvamirTva (52, 113-115).
svanurSi, iseve, rogorc sxva qarTvelur enebSi, Sesityveba
Sedgenilobis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxis: masSi SeiZleba
Sediodes uformo sityva da saxeli (ÛÖÊÓ ÄÜáêæ `gzas iqiT"; ËÉÝ ÜÖØæêÍ
`wyals iqiT"...), uformo sityva da zmna (ÓÂæÄÁÉÍ ÏÈÑÏÙæÃÀ `win gauZRva";
ËêÈ ËÏÂæÌÖÛÂæÒêÍá `guSin gvestumrnen"; ÑÉØêÍÈÄ ÀÜÀÃá `zeviT avidnen"...)
saxeli da zmna (ÁÏ×ÛÀÒ ÄÓàÏÌÄáÁÏ×ÛÀÒ ÄÓàÏÌÄáÁÏ×ÛÀÒ ÄÓàÏÌÄáÁÏ×ÛÀÒ ÄÓàÏÌÄá `bavSvebi mirbian"; ÙÖÍîË ÉÁËÀá `boCola
Zovs"; ÈæÄ× ÀÃÊæêÒ `Tofi gaisrola"...).
§ 2. § 2. § 2. § 2. SeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmeba. SeTanxmeba hqvia sityvaTa sintaqsuri urTierTobis
iseT saxes, roca daqvemdebarebuli sityva im formas iRebs, romelic aqvs
mTavar, wamyvan sityvas.
SeTanxmebisaTvis aucilebelia, rom erTmaneTTan sintaqsur kavSir-
Si myof sityvebs saziaro gramatikuli kategoria hqondeT.
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svanurSi, qarTulis msgavsad, gvaqvs SeTanxmebis Semdegi saxeebi:
1. SeTanxmeba saxelsa da zmnas Soris anu saxeli iTanxmebs zmnas
ricxvSi (ÃìÍíËÀÒ ÉßæìËêËá (Col.) `gogoebi Txovdebian". am SesityvebaSi
zmnis ÉßæìËêËá mravlobiTobas gansazRvravs saxelis mravlobiTis
forma);
2. SeTanxmeba saxelisa saxelTan brunvaSi (äÄÝÄÒ ÌÄÓÔÉðÛ ÒðÎÏÍÉÛ
ÄÛáÖ ÌÀÜÄÍÀÌÈÄÛ âÄæ ËÉ (bq.) `eceri mestiis raionis erT-erTi saukeTeso
xevia", ÌÄÓÔÉðÛ ÒðÎÏÍÉÛ `mestiis raionis~).
svanurSi Zv. qarTulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli saxelis saxelTan
ricxvSi SeTanxmebis SemTxvevebi (romlisaniromlisaniromlisaniromlisani sityvanisityvanisityvanisityvani............) ar gvxvdeba.
sityvaTa SekavSirebis saxeebi svanurSi dadgenilia v. Tofurias
mier. igi wers „SemTanxmebeliaSemTanxmebeliaSemTanxmebeliaSemTanxmebelia: 1. realuri qvemdebare Semasmenlisa
ricxvSi, 2. realuri O (pirdapiri da iribi) I da II pirisa Semasmenlisa
ricxvSi, O² im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Semasmeneli S-Tan ar aris SeTanxmebuli,
3. qvemdebare, damateba (yvela saxisa) da garemoeba (agreTve yvela saxisa)
gansazRvrebisa brunvaSi. SeTanxmebuliaSeTanxmebuliaSeTanxmebuliaSeTanxmebulia: 1. Semasmeneli qvemdebaresTan
ricxvSi, 2. Semasmeneli damatebasTan (pirdapirTan, iribTan), 3. gansazR-
vreba qvemdebaresTan, damatebasTan, arsebiTi saxeliT warmodgenil gare-
moebasTan. SeniSvnaSeniSvnaSeniSvnaSeniSvna. . . . Semasmeneli meore piris damatebasTan pirobiTad
aris SeTanxmebuli“ (13, 277).
ganvixiloT SeTanxmebis TiToeuli SemTxveva ufro dawvrilebiT....
subieqtTan erTad Sesityvebas qmnis yvela saxis zmna: erTpiriani,
orpiriani, sampiriani, xolo obieqtTan – orpiriani da sampiriani zmna:
erT SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs brunvacvalebadi obieqti da orpiriani da
sampiriani zmna, meore SemTxvevaSi – brunvaucvleli obieqti da
gardauvali orpiriani an gardamavali sampiriani zmna.
I da II piris aRmniSvneli subieqti yovelTvis iTanxmebs zmnas
ricxvSi (ÍÀÎ ÏÍÙîÒÃÀà ËÀÌÔæÀÒêËÖÛ (Col.) `Cven movdiodiT naTebiT";
ÍÀÌÉÓæ ËÏØ ÀÍâÉÃà ÓÄÒ ÓÂðÎ! (saydr.) `namusi moitaneTo (`iqonieTo") Tqven!".),
III pirisa ki maSin, roca sulier sagans aRniSnavs (ÒÀàáðÍ ÀÍÙéÒÃÀá ÖÛÂæËÀ
ÂÆêæÒðÒ (bz., svan. proz. teqst., 366,32) `raWidan modiodnen uSgulis
mgzavrebi";), an usuloa, magram sulieris Tviseba aqvs, personifi-
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cirebulia, aqtiuradaa warmodgenili (ØÏÒðË ÉÙÒëÍßÉÄËá (Col.) `saxlebi
qanaoben"; ÆÄØÀÒ É×ÒÉá `SeSebi xmebian") (amaze vrclad qvemoT vimsjelebT).
orpirian gardauval zmnas ori saxeli ukavSirdeba: saxelobiTSi
dasmuli subieqti da micemiTSi dasmuli obieqti. rogorc a. kiziria
miuTiTebs, „ramdenadme gansxvavebulia ricxvSi SeTanxmebis formebi:
subieqti iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi da mravlobiTi ricxvis niSnebi
warmodgenilia ----dddd (I da II p.) da ----xxxx afiqsebiT, obieqtis mravlobiToba ki
ggggæ (I p.) da ----xxxx (II da III p.) afiqsebiT: ÄÜØÀÓ ÆÖÒÀË ÂÖà ÀÍâÀà ËÄËðÔÉ ËÉâÄÃÓ
(bz., svan. proz. teqst., 262,28) `maSin qali mixvda sayvarlis mosvlas";
áÄËßÉ×ÄÓ áÏÒÃÀ ÎÏÒÉ ÍÀÙæÑÖÒ (bq., svan. qrest., 87, 21) `xelmwifes hyavda
ori vaJi" (23, 33).
orpiriani gardamavali zmna svanurSi, qarTulis msgavsad,
brunvacvalebad subieqtsa da obieqts moiTxovs: I seriis zmnebTan
subieqti saxelobiT brunvaSia, obieqti micemiTSi; II seriis zmnebTan
subieqti moTxrobiTSia, obieqti saxelobiT brunvaSi; III seriis zmnebTan
subieqti micemiT brunvaSia, obieqti – saxelobiTSi.
zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unari aqvs subieqtsac da obieqtsac, Tu
obieqti I an II pirSia (ÉÓÂæÉ ËÉÊÉÈÀæêË ÍÀÎ ÜÉÂÀÒ ÙÏÛÔ ÂÖ----ÔáÄ (Col.) `Seni
fxukianoba Cven yovelTvis ukan gvabrunebs" – brunvacvalebadi obieqti
iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi; ËÄÆÏÁìËÀÒÓ ÄÒ ÄÓÎðÌ ÀÓÚÉ ÜÉÂÀÒÙÀË Âæ----êæÃÉ ÍÀÎ
(Col.) `saWmelebs Tu rames akeTebs yovelTvis gvaZlevs Cven" aq
brunvaucvleli obieqti iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi).
„I obieqtis mravlobiTi ricxvis niSani ggggæ (// (// (// (// nnnn), ), ), ), II pirisa ----xxxx
sufiqsi, III pirisa ki im SemTxvevaSi dairTavs xxxx bolosarTs, roca mice-
miT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli, enis TvalsazrisiT aramoqmedi, obieqti
sinamdvileSi moqmed subieqts warmoadgens“ (23, gv. 39).
svanuris yvela dialeqti obieqtis mravlobiTobis gamosaxatavad
iyenebs ----óËóËóËóË----ÉÉÉÉ (bz. ÀÍÚ-óË----É `acxobs"), ----ðË----É (bqv. ÀÍÚ----ðË----É), ----ÀË----É (lnt. ÀÍðÚ-ÀË----
É), -êË----É (lSx. Col. ÀÍÚ-êË----ÉÉÉÉ) afiqss. a. kizirias da T. SaraZeniZis
TvalsazrisiT, svanuris obieqtis amgvari gamoxatva ar hgavs Zv. qarTuli-
sas: „Zv. qarTulSi iTanxmebda saxelobiTSi dasmuli obieqti, romelsac
obieqtis mr. ricxvis aRsaniSnavad hqonda nnnn niSani, svanurSi ki CamoTvli-
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li afiqsebi gvxvdeba nakvTTa samsave jgufSi... mimReobebTan mr. ricxvis
aRsaniSnavad da mravalgzisobis gamomxatvel zmnebTan“ (23, 37).
sampirian zmnas sami saxeli axlavs, brunvacvalebadi subieqti da
brunvacvalebadi obieqti da brunvaucvleli (micemiTSi dasmuli) obieq-
ti. subieqti I seriis zmnebTan saxelobiTSia (mag., ÌÀáÄ ÈÄÒÙËÀ ÍêÈÉÀÒÓ
ËÄØæÄÒßÉË ÔÏÒÔÓ áÏÍÚÉ (Col.) `axali rZali naTesavebs saqorwino torts
ucxobs"), II seriis zmnebTan moTxrobiTSi (ÈÄÒÙËÀà ÏáÍÀÚÄ `rZalma gamo-
ucxo") da III seriis zmnebTan micemiT brunvaSi (ÈÄÒÙËÀÓ ÏáÍÀÚÀ `rZals
gamoucxvia"). pirdapiri obieqti I seriis zmnebTan micemiTi brunviT
gadmoicema (ÌÄÜÉ ÆÖÒêËíËÓ ËÀÒÔÀÌÓ áÏÁÀÒÀæÉ (lSx.) `moxuc qals bostans
ubaravs"), xolo II da III seriis zmnebTan saxelobiT brunvaSi gvxvdeba
(ËÀÒÔÀÌ ÏáÁÀÒÀæÄ `bostani daubara"; ËÀÒÔÀÌ ÏáÁÀÒÀæÀ `bostani da-
ubaria"). iribi obieqti brunvaucvlelia da yovelTvis micemiT brunvaSi
gvevlineba (ÁÀÁÀ ÌÄÎðÃÙÀË ËéÈÉÛ æÉÓÊîËÀÒÓ áÏÛáæÍÉ ÃÀÃÀÓ (Col.) `babua
yovelTvis narCev vaSlebs unaxavs bebos"; ÏÈÛáÖÍÄ ÃÀÃÀÓ `Seunaxa bebos"
da a. S.).
winadadebaSi orive obieqti Tua warmodgenili (e. i. zmna Tu
gardamavalia) zmna-Semasmenels iTanxmebs erT-erTi: an brunvacvalebadi,
an brunvaucvleli damateba. I piri damateba yovelTvis iTanxmebs Semas-
menels: II piri damateba maSin iTanxmebs Semasmenels, roca is mxolobiT
ricxvSia, anu qvemdebaresTan araa SeTanxmebuli mr. ricxvSi: III piri
damateba formalurad ver iTanxmebs ricxvSi: ×ÀÖÓ ÂæÀÓßÉ ÄãÉ ÍÀÎ (Col.)
`joxs gvirtyams is Cven"; ãÀÙÞÉÍÄá ÄãÉ ÓÂÀÎ (lSx) `gabezRebT is Tqven",
magram ãÀÙÞÉÍÄá ÄãÎðÒ ÓÂÀÎ / ÓÉ `gabezReben isini Tqven / Sen", ÀÙÞÉÍÄ ÄãÉ
ÄãÎðÒÓ `abezRebs is maT".
svanurSi, qarTulis msgavsad III seriaSi brunvaucvleli obieqti
pirmiumarTav damatebad iqceva da nanaTesaobiTar viTarebiTSi daismis,
xolo laSxursa da ColurulSi paralelurad, xSir SemTxvevaSi mxo-
lod viTarebiT brunvaSi gvxvdeba nanaTesaobiTari viTarebiTis seman-
tikiT. mag.:
ÙæÀÑÀÒÓ áÀÌÉ ËÀÚæ×À ÍÉÝÓ áÏ×ìÍÄ (lSx.) `kacebs Roris dasaklav
(`gasaput") wyals uduRebs"
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ÙæÀÑÀÒ----ÄÛ----Ã|ÙæÀÑÀÒ----à áÀÌÉ ËÀÚæ×À ÍÉÝ Ïá×ìÍÀ `kacebisTvis Roris
dasaklavi wyali auduRebia"
ÌêÍÊæÉ ÂÄÆÀËÓ ÀÊÀæÀÍÓ áÏÜÀ ÌÀÌÀ áÏÔêÁÄ (Col.) `pirvel Svils akvans
kargi mama ukeTebs (`gamouTlis")"
ÌêÍÊæÉ ÂÄÆË----ÀÛ----Ã|ÂÄÆÀË----à ÀÊÀæÀÍ áÏÜÀ ÌÀÌÀÓ ÏáÔêÁÀ `pirveli SvilisTvis
akvani karg mamas gamouTlia"...
qarTvelur enebSi, rogorc cnobilia, gvaqvs saxelis saxelTan
SeTanxmebis SemTxvevebi. saxeluri Sesityveba gulisxmobs msazRvrel
sazRvrulis urTierTobas.
„SeTanxmebuli saxeli an formiTac imave brunvaSi dgas, raSic
sazRvruli, an ivaraudeba imave brunvaSi. qarTulSi boloTanxmovniani
saxeli amJamadac eTanxmeba sazRvruls brunvebSi da zogjer imave niS-
nebsac irTavs, rasac sazRvruli. Zv. qarTulSi sul misdevda. svanurSi
aseTi SeTanxmeba Cans zogierT zedsarTav, ricxviT da nacvalsaxelTan:
gansakuTrebiT es SeTanxmeba SesaZlebelia kuTvnilebiT da CvenebiT
nacvalsaxelebTan, -eeee-ze dasrulebul zedsarTav da ricxviT saxelebTan
da gaqvavebul SedarebiT xarisxebTan: xoCaxoCaxoCaxoCa, xolaxolaxolaxola... isic iqcevs yuradRe-
bas, rom gansazRvrebas saxelobiTSi sxva forma aqvs da danarCen brun-
vebSi – sxva- erTnairi (ÈæÄÈÍÄ âðÍ `TeTri xari"; ÈæÄÈÍÀ/êÌ âðÍà `TeTrma
xarma"...). mravlobiT ricxvSi SeTanxmeba ar aris, rogorc es Tanamedrove
qarTulSia: ÁéÂÉ ÌêÒóË `magari kacebi"; ÃÀÌÁÀË àæðÃðÒ `dabali kedlebi"...
sxva brunvebSi igivea, rac mxolobiTSi" (13, 273).
„g. rozenidan moyolebuli dRemde svanuris Sesaxeb arsebul grama-
tikul literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom prepoziciuli boloTanxmovniani
msazRvreli sazRvrulTan urTierTobisas ucvlelia brunvaSi (28, 48-49).
unda aRiniSnos, rom svanuris yvela dialeqtSi, prepoziciur
boloTanxmovnian saxelTa msgavsad ucvlelia iiii, oooo, uuuu, xmovnebze dabo-
loebuli msazRvreli saxelebic:
ÈÏÚÉ ÙÖËÀÎ `rbili muxli“, ÏËÃÏ-ÁÏËÃÏ ÁÄ×Û `Txupnia bavSvi“
ÈÏÚÉ ÙÖËÀÎ-à ÏËÃÏ-ÁÏËÃÏ ÁÄ×Û-Ã
ÈÏÚÉ ÙÖËÀÎ-Ó ÏËÃÏ-ÁÏËÃÏ ÁÄ×Û-Ó
ÈÏÚÉ ÙÖËÀÎ-Û ÏËÃÏ-ÁÏËÃÏ ÁÄ×Û-ÉÛ
ÈÏÚÉ ÙÖËÀÎ-æÛ ÏËÃÏ-ÁÏËÃÏ ÁÄ×Û-æÛ
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ÈÏÚÉ ÙÖËÀÎ-à ÏËÃÏ-ÁÏËÃÏ ÁÄ×Û-Ã
àîÒÖ ÃÉÀÒ `amousvleli puri“
àîÒÖ ÃÉÀÒ-Ã
àîÒÖ ÃÉÀÒ-Ó
àîÒÖ ÃÉÀÒ-ÉÛ
àîÒÖ ÃÉÀÒ-æÛ
àîÒÖ ÃÉÀÒÃ
cnobilia, rom -aaaa, -eeee xmovnebze daboloebuli msazRvrelebi ramde-
nadme ibrunvian, vinaidan erTi forma aqvT saxelobiTSi, meore ki
micemiTSi, mag.: sax. xoCaxoCaxoCaxoCa qor „kargi saxli“, TveTneTveTneTveTneTveTne koj „TeTri klde“,
moTxr. xoCamxoCamxoCamxoCam qord `kargma saxlma", TTTTææææeTnemeTnemeTnemeTnem kojd `TeTrma kldem" da
sxv.
samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom „xSir Sem-
TxvevaSi mmmm fleqsia ikargeba da moTxrobiTsa da momdevno brunvebSi aaaa
daboloebiani micemiTis fuZe batondeba. gvaqvs paraleluri formebi xoxoxoxo----
CamCamCamCam qord||xoCaxoCaxoCaxoCa qord, TTTTææææeTnameTnameTnameTnam kojs||TTTTææææeTnaeTnaeTnaeTna kojs. am paraleluri for-
mebidan kodoris xeobis svanur soflebSi ugamonaklisod gatarebulia aaaa
daboloebiani micemiTis fuZe, mmmm fleqsia ki dakargulia“ (28, 49).
analogiuri viTareba dasturdeba qvemosvanur dialeqtebSi, maT
Soris ColurulSic, sada aaaa daboloebiani micemiTis fuZe dasturdeba
(meSxameSxameSxameSxa JeRd, maxamaxamaxamaxa qord), Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom upiratesoba eniWeba
eeee xmovnian brunvis formebs (meSxemeSxemeSxemeSxe JeRd, maxemaxemaxemaxe qord).
rac Seexeba substantiur prepoziciur msazRvrels svanurSi, igi
qvemosvanur dialeqtebsa da ColurulSi brunvisniSniseuli Tanxmovnis (-
SSSS-s) gareSe dasturdeba (amsamsamsamsæaldaldaldald-aaaa Sgæir „adamianis sircxvili“, WaSWaSWaSWaS-iiii
nazgêl „qmris naSromi“, Sdr.: amsæald-aS „adamianis“, WaS-iS „qmris“),
gansxvavebiT zemosvanuri dialeqtebisagan, sadac (balszemourSi iSvi-
aTad, balsqvemourSi xSirad) msazRvrels naTesaobiTis niSani srulad
aqvs SenarCunebuli.
svanurSic, sxva qarTveluri enebis msgavsad, dasturdeba naTe-
saobiTSi dasmuli saxelis postpozicia. msazRvreli aseT SemTxvevaSi
brunvis niSans irTavs da marTul-SeTanxmebuli xdeba. mag.:
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ØÀ ÌÀàÊæÒÄ ËÖÓÃÂæðÒÓ æÏØæÒðÛ (bz.) `momWris nawnavebs oqrosas"
ËÀÎÒÀÚÉÓ ÀÌêÒÄá æÉÓÊæÉÛÓ (Col.) `saarayes amzadeben vaSlisas"...
svanurisaTvis postpoziciuri wyoba rom ucxo ar iyo, amas poeziac
mowmobs, kerZod „gvaqvs Sto-gvaridan warmomavlobis aRmniSvneli zed-
sarTavebi, romlebic poeziis nimuSebSi postpoziciuri wyobiT aris
warmodgenili“ (48, 126).
§ 3. § 3. § 3. § 3. marTvamarTvamarTvamarTva. marTva hqvia sityvaTa iseT sintaqsur damokidebulebas,
rodesac gabatonebuli sityva moiTxovs damokidebulisgan iseT formas,
romelic mas an TviTon ara aqvs am momentSi an arc SeiZleba hqondes
saerTod (arn. Ciqobava).
gvaqvs marTvis Semdegi SemTxvevebi: 1. marTva saxelsa da zmnas
Soris: saxeli marTavs (e. i. moiTxovs) zmnas pirSi; 2. marTva zmnasa da
saxels Soris: zmna marTavs (moiTxovs) saxels brunvaSi, da 3. marTva
uformo sityvasa, nawilaksa (Tandebulsa) da saxels Soris. Sesabamisad
gamoiyofa mmmmmarTvelimarTvelimarTvelimarTveli: 1. qvemdebare, subieqti Semasmenlisa, 2. pirdapiri
da iribi damateba Semasmenlisa pirSi, 3. Semasmeneli qvemdebarisa da
damatebebisa brunvaSi, 4. uformo sityva ubralo damatebisa da garemo-
ebisa brunvaSi. marTuliamarTuliamarTuliamarTulia: 1. qvemdebare da damateba (yvela saxisa)
Semasmenlis mier brunvaSi, 2. Semasmeneli qvemdebarisa da pirdapiri da
iribi damatebebis mier pirSi, da 3. ubralo damateba da garemoeba
uformo sityvis mier brunvaSi.
marTvis mxriv svanurSi sruliad qarTuliseburi mdgomareoba
gvaqvs (13, 266).
SesityvebaSi – WWWWyintyintyintyint asxlaasxlaasxlaasxlaææææiiii `biWi sxlavs" WyintWyintWyintWyint –saxeli marTu-
lia zmnis mier saxelobiT brunvaSi, zmna rom sxva seriaSi gadaviyvanoT,
igi saxels sxva brunvaSi moiTxovs: WyintWyintWyintWyint----dddd adsxalæe `biWma gasxla",
WyintsWyintsWyintsWyints oTsxalæa `biWs gausxlavs". e. i am SemTxvevaSi saxelis forma
damokidebulia zmnis formaze, zmnam masTan SesityvebaSi myofi wevrisgan
moiTxova is forma (brunvis kategoria), romelic mas saerTod ar gaaCnia.
SesityvebaSi _ mezmezmezmezæbelibelibelibeli muSkmuSkmuSkmuSkæralralralral `mezoblis stumrebi" mTavari
sityvaa muSkmuSkmuSkmuSkæralralralral „stumrebi“, mezmezmezmezæbelibelibelibeli „mezoblis“ ki maszea damoki-
debuli. sityvam muSkmuSkmuSkmuSkæralralralral rom brunva icvalos, damokidebuli (mezmezmezmezæbebebebe----
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lililili) mainc naesaobiT brunvaSi darCeba: mezæbeli muSkæral-dddd, mezæbeli
muSkæral-ssss, mezæbeli muSkæral-æSSSS... maSasadame, mTavari sityva
damokidebuls moiTxovs (marTavs) naTesaobiT brunvaSi.
SesityvebaSi Semaval sityvaTa daqvemdebareba SeiZleba iyos calm-
xrivi da saurTierTo. calmxriviacalmxriviacalmxriviacalmxrivia daqvemdebarebadaqvemdebarebadaqvemdebarebadaqvemdebareba, rodesac wyvilis
calTagan erTi gabatonebulia, meore – daqvemdebarebuli. daqvemdeba-
rebuli ver axdens gavlenas pirvelis formaze: nnnnêTuaraleTuaraleTuaraleTuarale qorqorqorqor
„naTesavebis saxli“, aq daqvemdebarebuli sityva nnnnêTuaraleTuaraleTuaraleTuarale ver axdens
gavlenas gabatonebuli sityvis – qorqorqorqor-is formaze.
saurTierToasaurTierToasaurTierToasaurTierToa daqvemdebarebadaqvemdebarebadaqvemdebarebadaqvemdebareba, rodesac SesityvebaSi Semavali
wevrebi erTmaneTze axdenen gavlenas. isini erTmaneTis mimarT damqvem-
debareblebic arian da daqvemdebarebulebic. saurTierTosaurTierTosaurTierTosaurTierTo Cveulebriv
aris marTvamarTvamarTvamarTva. saanalizod aviRoT ori sintagma: meCimeCimeCimeCiílarlarlarlar ababababërgexrgexrgexrgex
`moxucebi Toxnian" da meCimeCimeCimeCiílardlardlardlard adbadbadbadbërgexrgexrgexrgex `moxucebma daToxnes". pirvel
SesityvebaSi saxeli meCimeCimeCimeCiílarlarlarlar iTanxmebs zmnas (ababababërgexrgexrgexrgex) mr. ricxvSi da
marTavs mesame pirSi. da, piriqiT, zmna ababababërgexrgexrgexrgex marTavs saxels (meCimeCimeCimeCi----
ílarlarlarlar) saxelobiT brunvaSi. asevea meore SemTxvevaSic (meCimeCimeCimeCiílardlardlardlard
adbadbadbadbërgexrgexrgexrgex), oRond, pirveli wyvilisgan gansxvavebiT, saxeli zmnis mier
marTulia moTxrobiT brunvaSi.
rogorc samecniero literaturaSi miuTiTeben, „saurTierTo marTva
gvaqvs winadadebis mTavar wevrTa Soris, calmxrivi ki mTavarsa da
aramTavar an TviT aramTavar wevrTa Soris“ (27, 164).
I da II pirian gardauval winadadebaSi qvemdebare saxelobiT brun-
vaSia dasmuli, subieqtis mier zmna-Semasmenlis marTva pirSi calmxrivia,
radgan zmna ver marTavs qvemdebares sxva brunvebSi: (Col.) CuCuCuCu sgsgsgsgîrdardardarda
ejiejiejieji `ijda is", CCCCæesgesgesgesgîrdardardarda ejiejiejieji `dajda is", CCCCæalsguralsguralsguralsgurëlililili ejiejiejieji `damjdara
is"; eji xonÃri ejis `is mihyveba mas", eji loxénÃêr ejis `is gahyva mas",
eji laxénÃrëna / inena ejis `is gahyolia mas"...
gardamaval II da III sampirian zmnebTan, qarTulis msgavsad, marTva
saurTierToa. qvemdebare yvela pirSi marTavs Semasmenels (mag., Ñ'ÏáæÉÊ ÌÉ
ÄãÉ `aviRe me is", Ñ'ÄáÉÊ ÓÉ ÄãÉ `aiRe Sen is", Ñ'ÄÍÊÉà ÄãÍëÌ ÄãÉ `aiRo man is")
da, amave dros qvemdebare imarTvis zmnis mier sam brunvaSi: I seriaSi
saxelobiTSi (áÏÓÚÉ ÌéËéÍÔÄá `ukeTebs lentexeli"), II seriaSi moTxro-
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biTSi (ÏáÓÚÄ ÌéËéÍÔÄá-à `gaukeTa lentexelma") da III seriaSi micemiTSi
(ÏáÓÚÀ ÌéËéÍÔÄá-Ó `gaukeTebia lentexels").
rogorc ganxilulma masalam aCvena, svanurSic, qarTulis msgavsad,
zmnebi SeiZleba iyos erTpiriani, orpiriani da sampiriani, romlebTanac
dakavSirebulia saTanado saxeli Tu saxelebi. zmnebisa da saxelebis
sintaqsuri damokidebuleba araerTgvarovania: gardauval zmnasTan subi-
eqti saxelobiTSia, gardamavalTan ki brunvacvalebadi, gvxvdeba sam
(saxelobiT, moTxrobiT da micemiT) brunvaSi. brunvacvalebadi or
(saxelobiT da micemiT) brunvaSia, xolo e. w. iribi obieqti yovelTvis
erT (micemiT) brunvaSi dasturdeba.
aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi zmnasa da masTan dakavSirebul saxelebs
Soris rTuli sintaqsuri urTierToba yalibdeba. orpiriani da sampiri-
ani zmna marTavs masTan sintaqsurad dakavSirebul morfologiuri subi-
eqtisa da morfologiuri obieqtis brunvebs da subieqti da obieqti
marTaven zmnis pirs, amave dros saxeli iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi, e i.
gvaqvs saurTierTo marTva. amgvar SesityvebebSi mxolod mmarTavi da
marTuli wevri ar moipoveba: mmarTavi erTi niSnis mixedviT marTulia
meore wevris mier sxva niSnis mixedviT: zmna marTavs saxelis brunvas,
magram misi piri imarTvis saxelisagan, zmnis ricxvis formac ganpi-
robebulia saxelis mier.
arn. Ciqobavam naSromSi „martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi“
ganixila yvela SesaZlo kombinacia da zmnisa da saxelebis aseT urTi-
erTobas uwoda koordinacia: „am rTul sintaqsur urTierTobas, am
saurTierTosaurTierTosaurTierTosaurTierTo marTvasmarTvasmarTvasmarTvas, vuwodebT koordinacias. relatiurrelatiurrelatiurrelatiur gardamavalgardamavalgardamavalgardamaval----
zmnianizmnianizmnianizmniani winadadebiswinadadebiswinadadebiswinadadebis meqanizmsmeqanizmsmeqanizmsmeqanizms qmnisqmnisqmnisqmnis koordinaciakoordinaciakoordinaciakoordinacia (da ara ubralo marTva)“
(52, 215).
avtorma amave naSromSi, SesityvebaSi sintaqsuri siZlieris
mixedviT gamoyo „SemasmeneliSemasmeneliSemasmeneliSemasmeneli – mekoordinacie zmna; koordinaciis Zafebi
masSi iyris Tavs; amdenadve igia koordinaciis centri, ZiriTadiZiriTadiZiriTadiZiriTadi
koordinatikoordinatikoordinatikoordinati; 2. didididididididi koordinatikoordinatikoordinatikoordinati (saxeli, romelic imarTvis brunvaSi
Semasmenel-zmnis mier, marTavs Semasmenels pirSi da iTanxmebs orive
ricxvSi); 3. mciremciremciremcire koordinatikoordinatikoordinatikoordinati (saxeli, romelic imarTvis brunvaSi
Semasmenel-zmnis mier, marTavs Semasmenels pirSi, magram iTanxmebs
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mravlobiT ricxvSi; 4. umciresiumciresiumciresiumciresi koordinatikoordinatikoordinatikoordinati (saxeli, romelic imarTvis
brunvaSi Semasmenel-zmnis mier, iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi, magram ver
marTavs pirSi)“ (52, 219).
§ 4. mirTvamirTvamirTvamirTva. . . . `sityva, romelic mierTvis sxva sityvas, iwodeba
mirTulad. mirTuli sityva arc eTanxmeba romelsame sityvas, arc imar-
Tvis romelime sityvis mier, igi ase vTqvaT Sesityvebis Tavisufali
wevria. misi arseboba SesityvebaSi gamarTlebulia ara sityvaTa urTi-
erTobiT, aramed azris saWiroebiT" (52, 66).
arn. Ciqobava mirTvas `urTierTobis nol-formad" miiCnevs da
Tvlis, rom SeiZleba igi arc yofiliyo sintaqsSi gansaxilveli, rom ara
erTi garemoeba: `mirTva Soreul kavSirSi imyofeba marTvasTan, mirTva
nulamde dayvanili marTvaa, marTvis dasustebis xaziT mivdivarT
mirTvisaken. am xazze ki SeiZleba Segvxvdes iseTi movlenebi, romelTa
Sesaxeb Znelia Tqma, marTvaa igi Tu mirTva" (52, 120.)
mirTvis wevrebia _ mimrTveli da mirTuli. wamyvani sityva, Cve-
ulebriv, piriani zmnaa, an saxelzmna, xolo mirTulia uformo sityvebi
(zmnisarTebi), agreTve garemoeba, gadmocemuli Tandebuliani saxeliT da
Tandebulis mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebuli zmnizedebiT.
mirTvaSi, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, ivaraudeba sityvaTa Sinaarsobli-
vi kavSiri da misi gamocnobac advilia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sintagmaSi
zmnasTan Sewyobilia uformo sityva (garemoeba). am SemTxvevaSi mirTva
udavoa.
rogorc cnobilia, garemoeba gadmoicema Tandebuliani saxelebiTac
(saxursaxursaxursaxuravzeavzeavzeavze avida, sxvenzesxvenzesxvenzesxvenze awyvia) da iseTi saxelebiTac, romelTac
axlavs Tandebulis mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebuli zmnizedebi (sabZelssabZelssabZelssabZels iqiTiqiTiqiTiqiT
gasZaxa), `am tipis garemoebebic mirTulia zmnasTan, oRond gansxvavebiT
zmnizedebiT gadmocemul garemoebaTagan, aseTi garemoebebi, amave dros
SualobiTSualobiTSualobiTSualobiT marTulimarTulimarTulimarTuli saxelebia. isini imarTvian brunvaSi zmnebis mier
Tandebulebisa da Tandebulad gamoyenebuli zmnizedebis meSveobiT. e.i.
gvaqvs SualobiTi marTva" (27, 163.).
samecniero literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs SemTxvevebi,
rodesac sintagmaSi zmnasTan gvxvdeba Tandebuliani an moqmedebiTi brun-
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viT gadmocemuli saxeli `...saqme Wirs TandebulTan da moqm. brunvis
SemTxvevebSi, ukanaskneli forma Cndeba gardamaval da gardauval zmneb-
Tan: mokla TofiTTofiTTofiTTofiT, wavida fexiTfexiTfexiTfexiT... ... ... ... ra vivaraudoT aq: marTva Tu mirTva?
Tu davuSvebT, rom aseT pirobebSi mxolod es brunva SeiZleba iyos da
ara sxva, maSin marTvaa; magram Tu movigonebT, rom gardauvali
erTpiriani zmna marTvis unaris gareSea, maSin mirTva daiSveba da marTva
gamoiricxeba. _ es erTi. meorec: Tandebuliani brunvebi am TvalsazrisiT
nebismierad nawildebian marTulad da mirTulad. Tu mxolod erTi
Tandebuliani brunva unda iyos zmnasTan Tu nazmnar saxelTan da sxva
brunviT misi Secvla ar SeiZleba, maSin marTvaao _ fiqroben; Tu
SeiZleba, maSin mirTvaao _ amboben; mag: xelSixelSixelSixelSi uWiravs, TavSiTavSiTavSiTavSi mouvi-
da…xelSixelSixelSixelSi, TavSiTavSiTavSiTavSi... ... ... ... marTuli gamodis. magram magidasTanmagidasTanmagidasTanmagidasTan dgas _ magidasTanmagidasTanmagidasTanmagidasTan
mirTulia, radganac mas SevcvliT sxva Tandebuliani brunvebiT: magidismagidismagidismagidis
qveSqveSqveSqveS dgas, magidazemagidazemagidazemagidaze dgas…aSkaraa, Tu Tandebuliani forma erT
SemTxvevaSi marTulia, meore SemTxvevaSi ratom unda iyos is mirTuli?
formaSi xom araa gansxvaveba? amas xom ar vityviT brunvebis Sesaxeb?
micemiTi brunvaa yvelgan da yovelTvis marTulia. gamonaklisi ar
SeiZleba iyos. SeiZleba Tqvan: Tandebuliani brunvis xmarebasa da marTu-
lad Tu mis miCnevas zmna gansazRvravso, magram arc es iqneba marTali:
TavSiTavSiTavSiTavSi aqvsaqvsaqvsaqvs, , , , xelSixelSixelSixelSi aqvsaqvsaqvsaqvs... ... ... ... TiTqos idiomaturi Tqmaa, magram amasac vcvliT
da vambobT: xelTxelTxelTxelT aqvs..." (13, 278)
v. Tofurias azriT, `sabolood unda dadgindes sad Tavdeba marTva
da sad iwyeba mirTva. marTvasa da mirTvas Soris unda daidvas zRvari"
da sabolood askvnis, rom yvela Tandebuliani brunva marTulia, Tundac
mas sxva Tandebuliani brunva ar enacvlebodes, xolo Tandebuliani
brunvebi amave dros `mirTulebi arian" (13, 278).
svanuri mirTva, rogorc samecniero literaturidanaa cnobili,
qarTulTan mimarTebaSi arsebiT da principul sxvaobas ar avlens,
gansxvaveba, ZiriTadad, gamoxatvis saSualebebsa da formaTa mravalfe-
rovnebaSi igrZnoba.
cnobilia isic, rom mirTuli sityvebi zmnisarTebiTa da Tandebu-
lebiT gadmoicema, svanuri ki sakmaod mdidaria zmnizedebiTa da
TandebulebiT.
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- 26 -
`garemoebis gadmocema zmnizedis ZiriTadi sintaqsuri funqciaa" (19,
129), Tumca garemoeba SeiZleba gadmoices brunviani sityviTac
uTandebulod an Tandebulis darTviT.
iseve, rogorc sxva qarTvelur enebSi, svanurSic agebulebis mixed-
viT gamoiyofa zmnisarTTa ori jgufi; pirveladi (Zireuli anu odin-
deli) da nawarmoebi zmnisarTebi.
odindel zmnisarTebSi `morfologiuri segmentacia (Zireul da
afiqsur morfemaTa gamoyofa) sinqroniuli TvalsazrisiT SeuZlebelia"
(29, 276.).
svanurSi pirvelad zmnisarTTa ricxvi mwiria, esenia eCeeCeeCeeCe `iq", bbbbêzizizizi
`amaRam", llllëTiTiTiTi `wuxel", ladiladiladiladi|llllðdidididi `dRes", mmmméxarxarxarxar||mmmméxxxxðrrrr `xval", lehnalehnalehnalehna (zs.)
leÁleÁleÁleÁnananana (Col.) ||llllënananana|nnnnënananana (lSx.) `SarSan", qqqqðmmmm (bq.) ||qqqqêmmmm (lSx.) ||qqqqómmmm (Col.)
`gareT", surusurusurusuru `metad", uqbouqbouqbouqboæSSSS (Col.) ||uqobouqobouqobouqoboæSSSS (lnt.) `malulad", aTxeaTxeaTxeaTxe
`axla", ddddísgsgsgsg (lSx.) ||ddddísksksksk (Col.) `adre", ajaRajaRajaRajaR (lSx.) ||ajaxajaxajaxajax (Col.) `kidev",
mankmankmankmankæiiii `jer", CiqeCiqeCiqeCiqe `jer"...…
mocemuli garemoebebi sintagmaSi zmna-Semasmenels mirTviT ukav-
Sirdeba:
CiqeCiqeCiqeCiqe sofel iTiSda (bz., svan. qrest., 95) `jer sofeli irCevda"
ÂîÍ ÃÀÒà ÌêÌ ÌêÒ (lSx., iqve, 255) `Zaan ar vdardob"
ÀÛÈØÀ ÍÀÈáæÉÀÒÀÓ ÀÃÂÀÒÉ ÌÀÍÊæÉ (iqve, 253) `make nadirs klavs jer"
ËëÎÍÀ ÏÈÆéÆ (Col.) `SarSan gavagzavne"
ÖØÁíæÛ ÖØÁíæÛ ÖØÁíæÛ ÖØÁíæÛ ÏÈßæìËÄÍ (Col.) `malulad, Cumad gavTxovdi" da a. S.
odindel zmnisarTTa simciris gamo, ena ganviTarebis kvaldakval
sxvadasxva xerxs mimarTavs zmnizedaTa Sesaqmnelad da Sesabamisad nawar-
moebi zmnizedebi miRebulia mravali gziT.
al. oniani svanurSi nawarmoeb zmnizedaTa Semdeg jgufebs gamo-
yofs, 1. afiqsebi, romlebic gamoxatulebis planSi brunvis niSnebs emTx-
veva, 2. afiqsebi, romlebic saxelebSi Tandebulebad iwodeba, 3. afiqsebi,
romlebic mxolod zmnizedebSi dasturdeba... (29, 276).
Cveni dakvirvebiT, aqve unda gamoiyos svanurSi mimReobur formebze
micimiTi brunvis niSnis -anananan-is darTviT miRebuli drois garemoebaTa
jgufi. maT qarTul ekvivalentebs garemoebaTa iseTi semantika aqvT, ro-
melTac Tandebulis mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebuli zmnizedebi axlavT. mag.:
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- 27 -
llllé----nboznboznboznboz----anananan `daRamebuls mere|daRamebulze", llllé----marmarmarmar----anananan `gamzadebuls me-
re||gamzadebulze", llllé----llllëTTTT----anananan `daRamebuls mere", llllé----ddddÁÁÁÁarararar----anananan||llllé----ddddìrrrr----anananan
`Wamis Semdeg", llllé----mCmCmCmC----anananan `daberebuls mere", llllé----kkkkêffff----anananan `waqcevis Semdeg",
lulululu----xxxxæìrrrr----anananan `dangrevis Semdeg", llllé----ìrrrr----anananan `daweris Semdeg", llllé----WbidWbidWbidWbid----anananan
`damwyvdevis Semdeg", llllé----tyctyctyctycênnnn----anananan `cemis Semdeg":
ËéÆÂéÒÀÍ ÀÍâÀÃá ÍÉÛÂÄÛðÒ (bq.) `dasrulebis Semdeg movidnen Cvenebi"
ÝæÃà ËÉ ÂêÍÀÒÄ ËÉÔáÄ ËéÔÚÝêÍÀÍ (lSx.) `tyuilia samagieros gadaxda
cemis Semdeg"
ÓÂ'íÈÛÂÄÁÍíË Äã ÂæÄÛÀ ËÖæØÏÁÀÍ, ÎÀÙÏ ÉÌ áæÉÜÌÉÍÀÓ?! (Col.) `Seuvarde-
bodi im saqmis damalvis Semdeg, aba ras vizamdi?!" da misT.
aRniSnuli garemoebebi mirTulia zmna-SemasmenelTan da amasTanave
gvaqvs SualobiTi marTvac.
samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis Tanaxmad, zmni-
zedaTa im jgufis Sesaxeb, romelsac brunvis niSani axlavs azrTa sxva-
dasxvaobaa; mkvlevarTa erTi jgufi mas gaqvavebul brunvis niSnebs uwo-
debs, xolo sakuTriv zmnizedebs _ saxelis gaqvavebul formebs, nawili
ki brunvis niSanTa ubralo damTxvevaze msjelobs (29, 276).
brunvaTagan gamoyenebulia micemiTi, moqmedebiTi da viTarebiTi.
micemiTimicemiTimicemiTimicemiTi brunvabrunvabrunvabrunva:
ÄÜØÀ----Ó ÌÄÈáæÉÀÒÀ ÍÄÁÏÆÓ ÄáàÀÌá ÓÏ×ÄËÓ (lSx., svan. qrest., 251) `maSin
monadireebi saRamos gamoyvnen sofels"
ÛÏÌÀ----Óì ÌÄÊæÀà ÄÜØêæ ÀÌÍÄÁÄà (Col.) `roca mindoda maSin dagenebe-
binaT"
ãíÃÉÀ----Ó ÌÄÌÂéÍêÍ ËÀÝÄÍÃÖËÀ (Col.) `Sors meguleboda sabudari"
ÄÜØÀ----Ó ÓÊ’ðÌÄÜÄÃÄËÉ ØÏÒáÏ (lnt., iqve, 310) `maSin Sesula saxlSi".
moqmedebiTimoqmedebiTimoqmedebiTimoqmedebiTi brunvabrunvabrunvabrunva.:
ËëÈËëÈËëÈËëÈ----æÛæÛæÛæÛ ÖÊæêÒÉÄËÀà ÜæÀÛÚÄà ØÏÒÓ (Col.) `RamiT wanwalis gareSe
(`ugdeblad") daegde saxlSi"
æÄÃ----æÛ ÏÈØêÁÄ ØÀ (lSx.) `Zlivs auara gverdi"
viTarebiTiviTarebiTiviTarebiTiviTarebiTi brunvabrunvabrunvabrunva.:
ÄÜØÀ----à ÄÜÉÓ ËéÌðÆæÄÁËÉá (lnt., svan. qrest., 315) `manamde imas Wamdnen"
ÖÒÈØÌÄË----ÃÃÃà ËêÐÀÒ ÂæÉÄ ËÀáìÐêÒ----à (Col.) `moulodnelad wamoxta,
gulis gasaxeTqad"
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ÐÄÐÉÓ ÓÀÜØæÀÒÓì áêæÃÖÃÀá ÀÈáÀÀÈáÀÀÈáÀÀÈáÀ----ÃÃÃà (lSx., iqve., 237) `naTlias saCuqarsac
aZlevdnen aqamde"
aTxelaTxelaTxelaTxel----dddd amJi demeg xemTqunx (bq.) `manamde||aqamde| (`axlad") ase ar
sÜveodaT"
drois aRmniSvnel viTarebiT brunvis niSnian aTxaaTxaaTxaaTxa----dddd `aqamde" da
eCqaeCqaeCqaeCqa----dddd `manamde" formebs xSir SemTxvevaSi martivi an rTuli Tandebulebi
daerTvis mag.:
aTxelaTxelaTxelaTxel----dddd----TeqaTeqaTeqaTeqa ali demeg mixalda (bq.) ,,aqamde es ar vicodi"
aTxaaTxaaTxaaTxa----dddd----nunnunnunnun----enenenenì mawxïn, mare lamæordebïn (Col.) `aqamdec mWirdeboda,
magram momerida”
ime xard aTxaaTxaaTxaaTxa----dddd----TeqaTeqaTeqaTeqa?! (Col) `sad iyavi aqamde?!"
aTxaaTxaaTxaaTxa----dddd----nunnunnunnun||aTxadaTxadaTxadaTxad----nnnnînnnn----enenenen||aTxaaTxaaTxaaTxa----dddd----nunnunnunnun----TeqaTeqaTeqaTeqa ÏÂæêÃÀ ÄãÎÀÒÄ ÍÀÆéÆ ÊÉÌëÙìË
(Col.) `aqamde gveyo imaTi gamogzavnili yveli (`patara Tavi")"
sakmaod mravalferovan suraTs iZleva al. onianis mier gamoyofili
zmnisarTTa is jgufi, romelic warmoebulia ----inininin (skskskskæebinebinebinebin (lnt.) |sgobinsgobinsgobinsgobin
(lSx. Col.)||sgsgsgsgæebinebinebinebin ( Col.)), xixixixi---- (eCeCeCeC----xixixixi `ufro iqeT", qaqaqaqa----xixixixi `ufro gareT"...),
----nnnn (hamhamhamham----nnnn iiii naboznaboznaboznaboz----nnnn `dilidan saRamomde", JJJJê----nnnn `zeviT"…), -bbbb (----JJJJê----bbbb `zeviT",
CCCCæê----bbbb `qveviT"...), lelelele---- (leqleqleqleqæaaaa `qveviT", lelelele----JaJaJaJa `zeviT"...), -CuCuCuCu (eCeeCeeCeeCe----CuCuCuCu `iq", ameameameame----CuCuCuCu
`aq"...), ----iiii (llllëTTTT----iiii `wuxel", llllðdeRdeRdeRdeR----iiii `dRes"...) mawarmoeblebiT 29, 277-278).
davasaxeloT magaliTebi:
ÄÜÄÜÖ áÏÜÀ ÌêÒÄ ÉÁÍÀ ËìÌÁæóËÓ (bz., svan. qrest., 95) `iq kargi kaci
iwyebda saubars"
ÓÊæÄÁÉÍ áÏÑÄÙæ ÈæÄÈæÄÍÄ ËÄÒÄØæ (lnt., iqve, 306) `win miuZRvis TeTri
samosi"
ËéÂËéËÄ ÊÀÁéËÓ ÌÀ ÓÊæÄÁÉÍÜÖ ÉÒÄØæÀËÃÀ É ÌÀ ÙæÄÛÊÉÌÜÖ (iqve, 323)
`daxeul kabas xan winidan ifaravda da xan uknidan"
ÓÂÏÁÉÍ ËÄÌÄÓ ÂæÀßÖáæÀæÉ, ÙÏÛÂÉÍ ÌéÝáÉ (lSx., svan. qrest., 251) `win
cecxli gvawuxebs, ukan sicive"
ÓÂ’íÈÓÂÉÃÃÀà ÓÂêÍÜÖ É Ü’ÏÓßæëÍÄà ÃÄÛÃæ (iqve, 255.) `CavixedeT SigniT
da davinaxeT daTvi"
ÑêÍ ÏÓßæÄÍ, ÄÓÙïÒÃÀ (Col.) `zeviT davinaxe, midioda"
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- 29 -
rogorc cnobilia, svanurSi garemoebaTa didi nawili TandebulTa
mieraa warmoebuli da mirTvis ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi Tandebulebs
gverds ver avuvliT.
svanurSi ganarCeven martiv da rTul Tandebulebs. martivia: ----JiJiJiJi||----JJJJìnnnn
(bz., lnt.) `ze", ----CuCuCuCu (sv.) /----CCCCînnnn (bz., lnt.) `qve", ----isgaisgaisgaisga (zs.) /----iskaiskaiskaiska (lnt.) /----
isaisaisaisa (lSx., Col.) `Si", ----qaqaqaqa `ga", ----TeTeTeTe `-ken, -Si", ----xoxoxoxo (lnt.) `ken", ----SalSalSalSal (bq.,
lnt.) ||SSSSêllll (bz., lSx., Col.) `-viT", ----xxxxðnnnn (bz., lnt.) /xenxenxenxen (bq., lSx., Col.,
lnt.) `dan", ----caxcaxcaxcaxðnnnn (zs., lnt.) /caxancaxancaxancaxan (lSx., Col.) `-Tan", ----nunnunnunnun (lSx.) /----nnnnénnnn
(Col.) `-mde", ----muymuymuymuyæ (bz.) /----mmmméyyyy (sv.) /moymoymoymoy (lnt., lSx., Col.) /miymiymiymiy (bq.) `-Tan", ----
RaRaRaRa (sv.) `Tvis, gamo", ----RoRoRoRo `Semdeg"...
rTuli Tandebulebi miiReba martiv TandebulTa kombinaciiT. am
kombinaciaSi pirveli elementi aris ----TeTeTeTe, an ––––xxxxðnnnn||xanxanxanxan, meore elementi ki _
----JiJiJiJi, ----CuCuCuCu, , , , ----isgaisgaisgaisga, an ----qaqaqaqa, Sedegad vRebulobT rTul TandebulTa or rigs:
1: ----TeJiTeJiTeJiTeJi, ----TeCuTeCuTeCuTeCu, , , , ----TeisgaTeisgaTeisgaTeisga (zs.) /----TeiskaTeiskaTeiskaTeiska (lnt.) /----TTTTëÁÁÁÁsasasasa (lSx.) /----TTTTëÁÁÁÁsasasasa||----
TTTTësasasasa (Col.), ----TeqaTeqaTeqaTeqa,
2. ----xxxxðnJinJinJinJi (bz., lnt.) /----xenJixenJixenJixenJi (bq., lSx., Col.), ----xxxxðnCunCunCunCu (bz., lnt.) /----xenCuxenCuxenCuxenCu
(bq., lSx., Col.), ----xxxxðnisganisganisganisga (bz.) /----xxxxðniskaniskaniskaniska (lnt.) /----xenisaxenisaxenisaxenisa (bq., lSx., Col.), ----
xxxxðnqanqanqanqa (bz., lnt.) /----xenqaxenqaxenqaxenqa (bq., lSx., Col.)... CamoTvlili TandebulebiT
erTdroulad gamoixateba sagnis moqmedeba da mimarTuleba.
`rTuli Tandebuli damaxasiaTebelia mxolod svanurisaTvis. igi
Sedgeba mimarTulebis -TeTeTeTe plius Tandebul-windebuli JiJiJiJi, CuCuCuCu, isgaisgaisgaisga, qaqaqaqa,
rac iZleva: ----TeJiTeJiTeJiTeJi, ----TeCuTeCuTeCuTeCu, , , , ----TTTTëisgaisgaisgaisga|TTTTësgasgasgasga|TeTeTeTeÁÁÁÁsasasasa|TeTeTeTeÁÁÁÁsasasasa, , , , TelisgaTelisgaTelisgaTelisga, , , , TeqaTeqaTeqaTeqa
Tandebulebs" (13, 204).
al. oniani calke gamoyofs `leqsemaTa SezRudul nawilebTan
xmarebul rTul TandebulTa kidev erT tips, romelic ----xxxxðnnnn|----xanxanxanxan da ----TeTeTeTe, ----
qaqaqaqa, , , , ----CuCuCuCu elementTa kombinaciiT aris warmoqmnili" (29, 279.), mag, amamamam----xenxenxenxen----TeTeTeTe
`aqeTken", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----TeTeTeTe `iqeTken", amamamam----xenxenxenxen----qaqaqaqa `aqedan", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----qaqaqaqa `iqedan", amamamam----xenxenxenxen----CuCuCuCu
`aqedan qvemoT", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----CuCuCuCu `iqedan qvemoT".
unda aRiniSnos, rom laSxursa da ColurulSi am tipis Tandebu-
lebSi dasturdeba ----xenxenxenxen Tandebulis gaormagebuli warmoeba, mag; amamamam----xenxenxenxen----
xenxenxenxen----qaqaqaqa `aqedan", amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----JiJiJiJi `iqidan zeviT", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----qaqaqaqa `iqedan", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----
JiJiJiJi `iqidan zeviT",amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----CuCuCuCu `aqedan qvemoT", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----CuCuCuCu `iqedan qvemoT",
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- 30 -
Tumca msgavs warmoebas araviTari semantikuri niuansi ar Semoaqvs
winadadebaSi, rasac sailustracio masalac adasturebs. mag.:
ÀÌáÄÍáÄÍØê ØÀ áæÀ×ÓÄÍÉ áÏÜÖË ÙæÉÍÄËÓ (lSx.) `aqidanac gamoviyvan
ukeTes Rvinos"
ÄÎÊÀÎ ãíÃÉ ËÉ, ÄÒÄ ÀÌáÄÍáÄÍÜîÉ Ø’ëáÓÄÒêÍ (lSx.) `iseTi grZelia, rom
aqedanac gadaemeta"
ÌðÎ áÀÊÖ ÓÄÒ ÄÜÀ ÄÜáÄÍáÄÍÑÉ ËìÚÉÓ? (Col.) `ra unda imis iqidan
amoRebas?"
TanamedroveTa metyvelebaSi msgavsi zmnisarTebi arcTu iSviaTad
gvxvdeba, Tumca, specialuri Ziebis miuxedavad, svanuris qrestomaTiasa
da prozaul teqstebSi identuri magaliTebi ver aRmovaCineT.
svanuris sxva TandebulTagan gansxvavebiT, xxxxðnnnn||xenxenxenxen Tandebuls yvela
dialeqtSi yovelTvis `gangangangan||dandandandan" Tandebulis semantika aqvs da daSorebiT
mimarTulebas gamoxatavs:
ËÀÔËÉáðÍ É ËÄÍãóÒáðÍ ÀÍâÉÃá ÌíÒæðÒ (bz., svan. qrest., 94) `latalidan
da lenjeridan moiyvanes Suamavlebi"
ÝÉÝáæðÒáÄÍ âðÉÛÃÈÄ ÉÛÂæÉà ÊÉËÏÌÄÔÒ áÏÆÉ (bq., iqve, 204) `cicx-
vnaridan xaiSamde Svidi kilometria"
ðËÎðÒ ÚÉÀÜÖ ðÍÒÄÊ, ÄÛæÉ ÀÛæáÄÍÜÖ É ÌÄÒÌÄ ÌÄÒÌÀáÄÍÜÖ (bq., iqve, 94 216)
`eseni yelze Camoikida erTi erTi mxridan da meore meore mxridan"
ÆÖÒÀËÄËÓ ØÀ ËÄØêÁÉ áëÒêá ØÏÒÀËáÄÍØÀ (lSx., iqve, 243) `qalebs gasari-
debeli eqnebaT saxlebidan"
ãéÌÉË-ÃÀÜæÉÒ _ ÀÛáæáÄÍ É Ãðæ _ ÌÄÒÁÀáÄÍ (lnt., iqve, 318) `da-Zma _ er-
Ti mxridan da devi _ meoredan"
ÌéàÈÖÍÄ ÓÂÏÁÉÍáÄÍ áÄÂÍíË ËéÈÉÛÓ (Col.) `damwyevli winidan udgeboda
arCeuls"...
lentexur dialeqtSi iSviaTad -xenxenxenxen Tandebuli reducurebuli
saxiT warmogvidgeba. mag.:
liTæef axobinax eCexneCexneCexneCexn----amexnisaamexnisaamexnisaamexnisa (lnt., svan. qrest., 309) `srola
dauwyiaT iqidan da aqedan"...
svanuris dialeqtebSi ----JiJiJiJi da ----CuCuCuCu TandebulTagan nawarmoeb adgili-
sa da viTarebis zmnisarTebs, aseve daerTvis sufiqsi ----nennennennen (Col.) ----nenenene /----nannannannan
/----nanananaÁÁÁÁ (lSx.) | ----nnnn (bz., lnt.), amis gamo miiReba garTulebul formebi, Tumca
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- 31 -
maTi darTva-daurTveloba Tanamedrove svanurSi aranair semantikur sxva-
obas ar iZleva: amJamJamJamJì----nnnnenenenen||amJamJamJamJì----nannannannan||amJamJamJamJì----nanananaÁÁÁÁ||amJiamJiamJiamJi----nnnn `ase", ejJejJejJejJì----nennennennen||ejJejJejJejJì----nannannannan||ejJejJejJejJì----
nanananaÁÁÁÁ||ejJiejJiejJiejJi----nnnn `ise", amCamCamCamCî----nennennennen||amCamCamCamCî----nannannannan||amCamCamCamCî----nanananaÁÁÁÁ|||||amCuamCuamCuamCu----nnnn `aq", eSCeSCeSCeSCî----nennennennen||eSCeSCeSCeSCî----nannannannan||eSCeSCeSCeSCî----
nanananaÁÁÁÁ||eSCueSCueSCueSCu----nnnn `iq", amxenJamxenJamxenJamxenJì----nennennennen||amxenJamxenJamxenJamxenJì----nannannannan||amxenJamxenJamxenJamxenJì----naÁÁÁÁ|amxenJiamxenJiamxenJiamxenJi----nnnn `aqedan zeviT", eCeCeCeC----
xenxenxenxenJJJJì----nennennennen||eCxenJeCxenJeCxenJeCxenJì----nnnnanananan||eCxenJeCxenJeCxenJeCxenJì----nanananaÁÁÁÁ|||||eCxenJieCxenJieCxenJieCxenJi----nnnn `iqedan zeviT", amamamamxenCxenCxenCxenCî----nennennennen||amxenCamxenCamxenCamxenCî----
nannannannan||amxenCamxenCamxenCamxenCî----nanananaÁÁÁÁ||amxenCuamxenCuamxenCuamxenCu----nnnn `aqedan qveviT", amxenTeJamxenTeJamxenTeJamxenTeJì----nennennennen||amamamamxenxenxenxenTeJTeJTeJTeJì----nannannannan||amamamamxenxenxenxen----
TeJTeJTeJTeJìììì----nanananaÁÁÁÁ|||||amxenTeJiamxenTeJiamxenTeJiamxenTeJi----nnnn `aqedan zeviT", eCxenTeJeCxenTeJeCxenTeJeCxenTeJìnennennennen||eCxenTeJeCxenTeJeCxenTeJeCxenTeJì----nannannannan||eCeCeCeCxenxenxenxenTeJTeJTeJTeJì----
nanananaÁÁÁÁ|||||eCxenTeJieCxenTeJieCxenTeJieCxenTeJi----nnnn `iqedan zeviT". mag.:
ÌÄÈáæÎðÒ ÌêÒ’êÍÙÒÉ ÝáÄÊÜîÍ (bz., svan. qrest., 92) `monadire kaci modis
tyidan"
ÄÛÜîÍÄÍ ÈÏ× ËÄÉÌÖÒãìÍÄ ÁÀÁÀà (lSx., iqve, 253) `iq Tofi daixmara ba-
buam"
ËÄâïÒêË áêÒ ÀÌáÄÍÑìÍÄÍ ËÉÓÉÐ (Col.) `saxvewari aqvs aqedan siaruli"
Üîæ ÄÓÂÖ ÀÌÜîÍÄÍ É Ø’ëãØÀÃÏË ÃÀÂðÒ (Col.) `damjdariyavi aq da agcde-
boda sikvdili".
xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac saxelTagan ----JiJiJiJi da ----CuCuCuCu TandebulTa
mier warmoebul garemoebebsac Tan axlavs ----nennennennen||----nenenene||----nannannannan||----nanananaÁÁÁÁ||----nnnn sufiqsebi.
ÄãÎÀÒÓ ËÀÆÄËêËÑìÍÄÍ ÎÄÒÓÊÍÀË ØÀ áÄßÀÃá (lSx., iqve, 251.) `isini siaru-
lis dros jixvebma dainaxes"
ÑÏáÏÒÊáæÄÓ ÊæÄÃÄËÑì----ÍÄÍ (iqve, 255) `Camovkide wknelze"
áæÀâ ãÀàÀÒÑìÍÄÍ ÍÀÈáæÉÀÒÄÓ (iqve, 253) `davartyi Tirkmelze jixvs"
aRniSnuli sufiqsi (----nennennennen||----nenenene||----nannannannan||----nanananaÁÁÁÁ||----nnnn) daerTvis ----RoRoRoRo `Semdeg" Tande-
bulsac drois aRmniSvnel zmnisarTebSi. mag.:
ÄÜêÍÙí----ÍÄÍ ÛáÀÌÓ ËÏØ ÉÈáëËÉ (lSx., iqve, 247) `mere (`Semdeg") Sxams po-
ulobso"
ÄÜêÍÙíÍÄÍ ËÉÝÍÖÍ ËÏØ âÄÃÍÉ æÉã (lSx., svan. qrest., 247) `Semdeg
wylamde modiso gveli"
JinJinJinJin||JinenJinenJinenJinen da CCCCînnnn tipis formebi v. Tofurias uZvelesad miaCnia. igi
wers: `JinJinJinJin, , , , JinenJinenJinenJinen `ze" ekvivalentia qarT. zezezeze, , , , zenasizenasizenasizenasi, igive megruli JiJiJiJi----a;
gamoiyeneba Zvel formasTanac; isgisgisgisgénJinJinJinJi `wels zemoT“,... CuCuCuCu, , , , CCCCî /unununun `qveS"
Sesatyvisia qarTuli qveqveqveqve, , , , qvenasiqvenasiqvenasiqvenasi; gvxvdeba Zvel ----énnnn sufiqsTan erTadac;
gimgimgimgiménCunCunCunCu `miwis qveS", isgisgisgisgénCunCunCunCu `wels qveviT" (13, 204).
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- 32 -
gansaxilveli ----nennennennen||----nenenene, ----nannannannan||----nanananaÁÁÁÁ sufiqsi iSviaTad SeiZleba daerTos
zemoT naxseneb gaormagebul ----xenxenxenxen Tandebulian formebsac, mag.: amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----
JJJJì----nennennennen||amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----JJJJì----nannannannan||amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----JJJJì----nanananaÁÁÁÁ `aqedan zeviT", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----JJJJì----nennennennen||eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----
xenxenxenxen----JJJJì----nannannannan||eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----JJJJì----nanananaÁÁÁÁ `iqedan zeviT", amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----CCCCî----nennennennen||amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----CCCCî----nannannannan||amamamam----
xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----CCCCî----nanananaÁÁÁÁ `aqedan qveviT".
gvaqvs TandebulTa erTi rigi, romelTac samecniero literaturaSi
`adverbialur Tandebulebs" (13, 205) uwodeben. esenia: RoRoRoRo `Semdeg", JiqJiqJiqJiqênnnn
`zeviT", JiqJiqJiqJiqênqanqanqanqa `zevidan", JiqJiqJiqJiqênCunCunCunCu `zevidan qveviT", JiqJiqJiqJiqênnnnxenxenxenxenCuCuCuCu `zevidan
qvemoT", JiqJiqJiqJiqênxenqanxenqanxenqanxenqa `zevidan aqeT", CuqCuqCuqCuqæênnnn `qveviT, qveS", CuqCuqCuqCuqæðnnnn----
qaqaqaqa||CuqCuqCuqCuqæðnxenqanxenqanxenqanxenqa `qvevidan, qveSidan", CuqCuqCuqCuqæênxenCunxenCunxenCunxenCu `qvevidan, qveSidan",
CuqCuqCuqCuqæênxenJinxenJinxenJinxenJi `qvevidan zemoT"...
----RoRoRoRo `Semdeg" TandebuliT iwarmoeba droisa da adgilis gare-
moebebi; iSviaTad SeiZleba gadmoices jerobac; dasturdeba rTul
Tandebul darTulic:
rogorc v. Tofuria miuTiTebs, RoRoRoRo ixmareba ----énnnn da ----nnnn daboloebian
micemiTTan nacvalsaxelebSi... -énRonRonRonRo, , , , ----unRunRunRunRæ, , , , ----nRonRonRonRo ki Sexorcebulia da
mTlianad ixmareba (zaunRozaunRozaunRozaunRo `wlis Semdeg") (13, 205). mag.:
ÀÛáîÍÙæ'ëÓÍðÒ ËÏÌíÒÏæ ÀáêÃÃÀá (bz., svan. qrest., 93) `erTxel
(`erTxelis mere") Suamavloba hqondaT"
áÏÜÀÌà ËéÐÉÍÔÚËÀÖÍÙæÄ ÜÖ ÁæÉâæÄà ØÀÈÀËÓ (bq., iqve, 206.) `kargad ga-
putvis Semdeg gavWriT qaTams"
áæðÎ ËÉÈÏ×ÖÍÙÏ×ÖÍÙÏ×ÖÍÙÏ×ÖÍÙÏ Ø’ÀÈÏáÉÍÀá ÂÏà (lnt., iqve, 309) `bevri srolis Semdeg
waurTmeviaT goWi"
ÌÀÍÜæÓ ÄãÎÀÒÄ ËÀÎÙæÄÒîÍÙÏ áÄÆÍêÍ ËÉÛÈáÒÉ (lSx.) `maCvs imaTi saz-
Rvris Semdeg sCveoda Txra"
ÌÀÎ ÌëÒÉ ÓÀÁÒÀ ÄÜêÍÙíÍÄÍáÄÍØÀ ËÉÒÃÄ! (Col.) `rad minda imis mere
cxovreba!"...
swored TandebulTa aseTi simravle ganapirobebs mirTul formaTa
siuxves svanurSi.
svanurSi micemiT da naTesaobiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli zmnas
ukavSirdeba TandebuliTac da uTandebulodac.
zmnasTan dakavSirebuli micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli Tandebuliani
saxeli, romelic winadadebaSi garemoebad gvevlineba, zmnas ukavSirdeba
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- 33 -
mirTviT da SualobiTi marTviT. aseTi garemoebebi imarTvis zmnis mier
brunvaSi Tandebulis meSveobiT:
ÜÖ ËéÌÀÒà ÓÀ×ÓÀ×ÓÀ×ÓÀ×ËÀæÉÓÂÀ (bz., svan. qrest., 91.) `saflavSi yofila"
ÚÄÒðÒ ÆÀæËÉÓÂÀ ÎÀÒÖÍ ÉÆðËá (bq., iqve, 205) `deda Rorebi weliwadSi
orjer yrian goWebs"
ÜæëÒ ÀÍâæêÃà ËÀãÏÂáÏÎÓÀ, ÛÀËÉÊÏ ÜæÀÚæÒÄ É ÊæÄÝ (lnt., iqve, 206) `rom
CamovediT jogSi, Saliko wevs da kvnesis"
ÞÉÍÀÒïÍÙÏ áÏÌÖÒãÃÀÓ ËÀÁëÒÂêÎÓÀ (Col.) `dilidan vexmarebodi
saToxarSi“
ÜæÀÍÁðÍÃÀá ÓÏ×ËÉ ÍðÎéÒÈÂÖËÀÑìÍ (bz., iqve, 95) `aficebdnen soflis
erTgulebaze"
Ø’ÄÒ ÀÍÜÀÃá ÊæÄàÏËÑÉÍ, ÄÜØÀÓ Ãðæ ËÀáÀáæÉÃÀ (lnt., iqve, 316) `rom gamo-
vidnen cotaze, maSin devi SexvdaT"
àÚÉÍÔÉ ËÀÐÒÉÓÔêËÑÉ áÉÍ ÉÜÌìÍÉ É ÃìÍÏËÀÛÑÉ ÌêÃÄ ÄãÆÖÌ (lSx., iqve, 237)
`biWis naTlobaze lxini imarTeba da gogosaze ara imxela"
ËÀÂêÂÉÑÉ ËÉÓÂæÒêËÓ Ìê ËÏØ áÀÚÀ (Col.) `zRurblze dajdoma ar Se-
iZlebao"
ÌÀÌæÉËÓ ÚÉÀÜÖ ÁÉÌÁÉËÉÃðÒ áÏÒÊÀ (bq., svan. qrest., 206) `mamals yelze
bibilo hkidia"
ÃÀÜæÉÒ ÀÃßæìËÄ ÚðÒÜÀÈÄ, , , , ÃÖÃÀÛëÒÈÄ (bz., iqve, 95) `da gaaTxova
yarÜaeTSi, dudaSerebSi"
ÊÀÓÒÖËÈÄ ËÉÝÓ áæðÂæÛÄ (bq., iqve, 206) `qvabSi wyals vasxam"
ØÀ ËÉÆËêË áÀÊÖ ÎÄÓÉÄÓ ÌÄÆæÁÄËÈÄ (Col.) `gasvla unda zogjer
mezobelTan"
lentexur dialeqtSi ----xoxoxoxo||----xxxx TandebuliT gadmoicema mimarTulebis
garemoeba da igi sxva dialeqtebis ----TTTTeeee `ken" Tandebulis mniSvnelobisaa:
Äã ßÖÈÉÓÀ ÀÜÀÃ ÄÜÏá (lnt., svan. qrest., 307) `im wuTSi wavida iqeTken"
ÀÌÄÜÄÃËÉ ÝáÄÊáÏ (lnt.) `wasula tyisken"
ðÛ áÉÓÊÉÃÍÉÖ ÃÄÝáÏ? (lnt.) `sul cisken unda iyuro?"...
aRniSnul Tandebuls SeiZleba hqondes ----zezezeze da ----SiSiSiSi TandebulTa da
viTarebiTi brunvis semantika, am ukanasknelis SemTxvevaSi miznis
garemoeba gadmoicema. mag.:
ØÀ ËÀáÀÁÄá ÌÄÒÁÀáÏ (lnt.) `Seabes meoreze"
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- 34 -
ÄÜØÀ ËÀááÏ ÀÌÀÖÆÄá ÌÄËðáæà (lnt., iqve, 306.) `maSin mTaSi gamagzavnes
mTisad”
ÄÜØÀÓ ÓÊ’ðÌÄÜÄÃÄËÉ ØÏÒáÏ (iqve, 310) `maSin Sesula saxlSi"
ÄãÉ ËÀÈáæÉÀÒáÏ ÀÌÄÜÄà (lnt., iqve, 324) `is sanadirod wasula".
v. Tofurias varaudiT, ----xoxoxoxo Tandebuli uSgulurSic unda yofiliyo
`rogorc amas xalxuri simRerebi adastureben; simRerebidan; cenaxocenaxocenaxocenaxo
`cenisken”, zesxzesxzesxzesxæaxoaxoaxoaxo `zesxvasken"... (13, 204.).
svanuris dialeqtebSi yvelaze produqtiulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos ----
qaqaqaqa `-ze, -dan" Tandebuli, romelic monawileobas iRebs rTul Tande-
bulTa warmoebaSi da aRniSnavs gavliT, miaxloebiT:
ÈáÄÒ’ÄÓÄÒ áÏâÃÄ ÉÓÂËÀÃÄÙØÀ áðÒãÓ (bq., iqve, 219) `mgeli moutanso
SuadReze saWmels"
Ø’ÄÒ ÀÍâæÀÃà ÔÖÁðáÏØÀ, ËÉÊÉË ÀÂæÀÓéÌÃÀ (lnt., iqve, 306) `rom
gamovediT tbaze, kivili Semogvesma"
ËÀÂæðÍÖÛ Ø’ÀÃâÀà ÃÀæðÒáÏØÀ (iqve, 207) `tiriliT gavida davarTan“
ØëÈÆÄËêË ØÏÒÈÄØÀ (Col.) `gaiare saxlTan axlos (`saxlamde")"
gansaxilveli Tandebuli zmnisarTs xSir SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba
ramdenjerme daerTos:
Ø’ëÌÑÉ ÀÈÙéÒÑðÍ ÜÖ----ØêÍ----ØÀ----ÈÄ----ØÀ É ÄÜÙÏ ÌÉ áÏÛæÄËÍÄ (Col.) `rogorme
gaaTrie qvemoTamde da mere me vuSveli"
Ñ’ÄÒ ÏÈÎÄÓ ÑÉ----ØêÍ----ØÀ----ÈÄ----ØÀ, ÄÜØÀ ÌÀÎ ÌêÒáÉ?! (Col.) `rom avitan zemoTken,
mere rad mindixar"?!.. da sxv.
samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, Tana-
obis gamomxatveli ----mmmméyyyy Tandebuli am saxiT mxolod zemosvanurSi
gamoiyeneba, xolo misi asimilirebuli ----moymoymoymoy forma lentexursa da laS-
xurSi gvxvdeba. unda aRiniSnos, rom Cven mier svanur qrestomaTiaSi
moZiebul masalebsa da TanamedroveTa metyvelebaSi qvemosvanuri dialeq-
tebi orive variants gamoiyenebs (----mmmméyyyy||----moymoymoymoy), xolo rac Seexeba Coluruls,
am metyvelebaSi mxolod ----moymoymoymoy formas mivakvlieT:
ÃÖÃÀÛëÒÄÌ ÁðÜÀ ÁÏÂÌÖÚæ ÀÍÂÄÍÄá (bz., svan. qrest., 95) `dudaSerebma qvis
xidTan gamoaciles"
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- 35 -
ÁêÆÉ áÏÜêÌ ÁÀÜæÌéÚ áæÀÒÃÀà ÓÀÃÂæÄÌà (iqve, 95) `amaRam karg qvasTan
viyaviT dasadgomad (`sadgomad")"
ÍÉÛÂæÄÌÉÚ áÀÌðÒ ÜÉ áÏÒÉ (bq., iqve, 205) `ÜvenTan Rorebi yvelas hyavs"
ÍÉÛÂæÄÛÌéÚ áÏÜÀ ÓÉÌÉÍà âÄÃÍÉ (iqve, 204) `ÜvenTan kargi simindi modis"
ÀÃâÀà ÄÛáÖ ÌÄÆÂÀÛÄÒÌÏÚ (lnt., iqve, 313) `movida erT ojaxTan"
ÈáëÒëËÓ ÝáÄÊÈÄ ËÀàíÍÌéÚ ÏÈÂéËïÒÀá âÀÍ (lSx.) `mglebs tyis
mosaxvevTan dauglejiaT xari"
ÌÉÛÂæÀ ËÀÊæÌÀÛÌÏÚ ÉáæÒÄá ÙÖËÀÎÓ ÀËÎðÒÄ ÁÏÜÊÀÒ (Col.) `Cem
sasaqonlesTan iyrian Tavs amaTi saqoneli"...
CamoTvlil ilustraciebSi gvaqvs SualobiTi marTva da mirTva.
zmna-Semasmeneli Tandebulebis meSveobiT marTavs saxelebs micemiT
brunvaSi, amave dros saxelis Tandebulze darTvis Sedegad miRebuli
garemoeba mirTulia zmnasTan.
svanurSi, kerZod, laSxursa da ColurulSi gamoiyofa adgilis
miwevniTobis gamomxatveli ----nunnunnunnun `mde" Tandebuli, romelic sxva Tande-
bulTagan gansxvavebiT, ZiriTadad, damoukideblad erTvis saxels:
ÄÜêÍÙíÍÄÍ ËÉÝÍÖÍ ËÏØ âÄÃÍÉ æÉã (lSx., svan. qrest., 247) `mere wylamde
modiso gveli"
ËÄÑÀ ÏÜÀÃÃ ÌÏÒÂÏÖËÍÖÍ (iqve, 251) `zeviT wavediT morgoulamde"
Ïà ÃÀÂÒÀ----ÍÖÍ ÌíÌ ÀÃÄ, ÄÜØÀà ÃÄÛ ÀãÆéÆ ÄØÌÀÒÈÄ (Col.) `sanam
sikvdilamde ar mixvedi, manam ver gagagzavne eqimebTan"
ÌÀÌàÉÒ ÄÜÀæÍÖÍ ËìÆÉ (Col.) `mezareba iqamde gasvla"
iSviaT SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli (----nunnunnunnun `mde") Tandebuls win uswrebs
rTuli Tandebuli ----TeqaTeqaTeqaTeqa da SeiZleba daerTos agreTve ----enenenen sufiqsi zmni-
zedaTa im jgufSi, romelsac viTarebiTi brunvis niSani axlavs Tan. mag.:
ÄÜØÀ----Ã----ÈÄØÀ----ÍÖÍ Ìêà ÄÈÓÚêÍá, æÏà ÜÖ Ìíà ÄÃßÏÒÄá (lSx.) `iqamde ar
Seurigdnen, sanam ar isisxles"
Ïà ÏÈßæìËíË, ÄÜØÀ----Ã----ÍîÍ----ÄÍì ÛÖÛÐÒÀÓ (Col.) `sanam gavTxovdebodi,
manamdec vcekvavdi"
ÄãÎðÒáÄÍØÀ ÀÈáÀ----Ã----ÍîÍ-