native vegetation clearance seven mile road upgrade

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Native Vegetation Clearance

Seven Mile Road Upgrade, Noonameena

Data Report

Clearance under the Native Vegetation Regulations 2017

10th August 2021

Prepared by Jessica Skewes and Hayley Merigot – EBS Ecology (NVC Accredited Consultants)

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Native Vegetation Clearance Data Report, Seven Mile Road Upgrade

Noonameena

10th August 2021

Version 3

Prepared by EBS Ecology for Coorong District Council

Document Control

Revision No. Date issued Authors Reviewed by Date Reviewed Revision type

1 2/07/2021

Jessica Skewes & Hayley

Merigot (NVC Accredited

Consultant)

Chris Gibson 2/07/2021 Draft

2 19/07/2021

Jessica Skewes & Hayley

Merigot (NVC Accredited

Consultant)

Draft V2

3 10/08/2021 Jessica Skewes (NVC

Accredited Consultant) Final

Distribution of Copies

Revision No. Date issued Media Issued to

1 2/07/2021 Electronic Jarrod Manuel, Coorong District Council

2 19/07/2021 Electronic Jarrod Manuel, Coorong District Council

3 10/08/2021 Electronic

Online Portal

Jarrod Manuel, Coorong District Council

Native Vegetation Council

EBS Ecology Project Number: EX200606

COPYRIGHT: Use or copying of this document in whole or in part (including photographs) without the written permission of EBS

Ecology’s client and EBS Ecology constitutes an infringement of copyright.

LIMITATION: This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of EBS Ecology’s client, and is subject to and

issued in connection with the provisions of the agreement between EBS Ecology and its client. EBS Ecology accepts no liability or

responsibility whatsoever for or in respect of any use of or reliance upon this report by any third party.

CITATION: EBS Ecology (2021) Native Vegetation Clearance Data Report Seven Mile Road Upgrade. Report to Coorong District

Council. EBS Ecology, Adelaide.

Cover photograph: Coorong National Park bordering the Seven Mile Road Project Area

EBS Ecology

112 Hayward Avenue

Torrensville, South Australia 5031

t: 08 7127 5607

http://www.ebsecology.com.au

email: [email protected]

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Glossary and abbreviations BAM Bushland Assessment Method

BDBSA Biological Database of South Australia (maintained by DEW)

DAWE Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (Commonwealth)

DEW Department for Environment and Water (South Australia)

EBS Environment and Biodiversity Services Pty Ltd (trading as EBS Ecology)

EPBC Act Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

ha Hectare(s)

IBRA Interim Biogeographical Regionalisation of Australia

km Kilometre(s)

NatureMaps Initiative of DEW that provides a common access point to maps and geographic information about

South Australia's natural resources in an interactive online mapping format

NPW Act National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972

NV Act Native Vegetation Act 1991

NVC Native Vegetation Council

PMST Protected Matters Search Tool (under the EPBC Act; maintained by DAWE)

Project Seven Mile Road Upgrade

Project Area Seven Mile Road from Narrung Road to Princes Highway

RM Act River Murray Act 2003

SA South Australia(n)

Search Area 5 km buffer of the Project Area considered in the desktop assessment database searches

SEB Significant Environmental Benefit

sp. Species

spp. Species (plural)

ssp. Sub-species

TEC Threatened Ecological Community

var. Variety (a taxonomic rank below that of species and subspecies, but above that of form)

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Table of contents

Glossary and abbreviations ...........................................................................................................................................4

1. Application information ........................................................................................................................................7

2. Purpose of clearance ........................................................................................................................................... 10

2.1. Description.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 10

2.2. Background ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 10

2.3. General location map ......................................................................................................................................................................... 12

2.4. Details of the proposal ...................................................................................................................................................................... 13

2.5. Approvals required or obtained ..................................................................................................................................................... 13

2.6. Native Vegetation Regulation ......................................................................................................................................................... 16

3. Method ................................................................................................................................................................. 18

3.1. Desktop assessment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 18

3.1.1. PMST report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18

3.1.2. BDBSA data extract ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18

3.1.3. Likelihood of occurrence ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 18

3.2. Flora assessment .................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

3.2.1. Bushland Assessment Method ............................................................................................................................................................................ 19

3.3. Fauna assessment ................................................................................................................................................................................ 20

4. Assessment outcomes ......................................................................................................................................... 21

4.1. Vegetation assessment ...................................................................................................................................................................... 21

4.1.1. General description of the vegetation, the site and matters of significance ................................................................................... 21

4.1.2. Details of the vegetation associates/scattered trees proposed to be impacted ............................................................................ 21

4.1.3. Site map showing areas of proposed impact ................................................................................................................................................ 29

4.2. Threatened species assessment ..................................................................................................................................................... 34

4.2.1. EPBC Act listed threatened flora ......................................................................................................................................................................... 34

4.2.2. NPW Act listed threatened flora ......................................................................................................................................................................... 35

4.2.3. EPBC Act listed threatened fauna ....................................................................................................................................................................... 36

4.2.4. EPBC Act listed migratory fauna ......................................................................................................................................................................... 41

4.2.5. NPW Act listed threatened fauna ....................................................................................................................................................................... 41

4.3. Cumulative impacts ............................................................................................................................................................................. 47

4.4. Addressing the Mitigation Hierarchy ........................................................................................................................................... 47

4.5. Principles of Clearance (Schedule 1, Native Vegetation Act 1991) ................................................................................... 50

4.6. Risk assessment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 52

5. Clearance summary ............................................................................................................................................. 53

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6. Significant Environmental Benefit ..................................................................................................................... 54

7. References / Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 55

8. Appendices ........................................................................................................................................................... 58

List of Tables

Table 1. Application details. .................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Table 2. Summary of the proposed clearance. ................................................................................................................................................ 7

Table 3. Criteria for the likelihood of occurrence of threatened species within the Project Area. .......................................... 18

Table 4. Summary of Site A1 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 21

Table 5. Summary of Site A2 and B2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 23

Table 6. Summary of Site A2b and B2b ........................................................................................................................................................... 25

Table 7. Summary of Site B1 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 27

Table 8. Threatened flora species potentially occurring within the project area. ........................................................................... 34

Table 9. NPW Act listed flora species considered as part of the desktop assessment ................................................................. 36

Table 10. Threatened species potentially occurring within the project area. ................................................................................... 38

Table 11. Listed migratory fauna (excluding those already considered under the EPBC Act or NPW Act as threatened)

......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45

Table 12. EPBC listed Migratory fauna possibly occurring within the Project Area. ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 13. Likelihood assessment of fauna species listed under the NPW Act. ................................................................................ 42

Table 14. Project impact footprint reductions .............................................................................................................................................. 48

Table 15. Assessment against the Principles of Clearance....................................................................................................................... 50

Table 16. Summary of the level of risk associated with the application. ........................................................................................... 52

List of Figures

Figure 1. Project Area showing IBRA associations, River Murray Act area and the boundary of the RAMSAR listed

Coorong wetlands .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 2. Map of Project Area and landscape context .............................................................................................................................. 12

Figure 3. Overview of vegetation assessed and proposed clearance footprint .............................................................................. 13

Figure 4. VA A1 on southern side of the road towards the Coorong .................................................................................................. 21

Figure 5. BAM Site A2 looking north ................................................................................................................................................................ 23

Figure 6. BAM Site B2b looking south, highly degraded and weedy with sparse shrubs and Eucalyptus spp................... 25

Figure 7. BAM Site B1 looking southwest, with melaleuca in foreground and dry samphire saltmarsh in background

continuing beyond fence onto private land .................................................................................................................................................. 27

Figure 8. Clearance footprint map 1 (west) .................................................................................................................................................... 29

Figure 9. Clearance footprint map 2 ................................................................................................................................................................. 30

Figure 10. Clearance footprint map 3 .............................................................................................................................................................. 31

Figure 11. Clearance footprint map 4 .............................................................................................................................................................. 32

Figure 12. Clearance footprint map 5 (north east) ...................................................................................................................................... 33

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1. Application information Table 1. Application details.

Applicant: Coorong District Council

Key contact: Jarrod Manuel, Project Delivery Officer, Coorong District Council

Landowner: Coorong District Council, Road Reserve

Site Address: Seven Mile Road, Noonameena

Local Government

Area:

Coorong District Council Hundred:

Bonney

Title ID: - Parcel ID -

Table 2. Summary of the proposed clearance.

Purpose of clearance:

Clearance is being sought to upgrade a 3.9km section of Seven Mile Road,

Noonameena including widening the road, installing a swale drain and changing

the elevation of the road in sections to meet the fit-for purpose standards to

improve safety for road users. Additionally

Native Vegetation

Regulation:

Regulation 12(34) Infrastructure

Description of the

vegetation under

application:

A field assessment using Bushland Assessment Methods (BAM) where applicable,

identified four broad vegetation types across two IBRA Environmental Associations,

resulting in two ‘Blocks’ (A,B) and six ‘Sites’ (A1, A2, A2b, B1, B2, B2b). In summary:

A1- 0.82 ha of Acacia longifolia (Coast Wattle) and Myoporum Insulare (Boobialla)

Very Open Shrubland over mixed native and exotic understorey of Dianella

brevicaulis (Coast Flax-lily), and Rhagodia candolleana (Sea-berry Saltbush) in fair

condition.

A2 – 0.37 ha of Eucalyptus diversifolia (Coast White Mallee) Mallee over Acacia

longifolia (Coast Wattle) with mixed native understorey of Kunzea pomifera

(Muntries), Lepidosperma sp (Saw-sedge) in excellent condition.

A2b – 0.32ha of Eucalyptus diversifolia (Coast White Mallee) Very Open Mallee +/-

Myoporum insulare (Boobialla) and Acacia longifolia (Coast Wattle) over mixed exotic

understorey, in fair to poor condition.

B2 – 0.29ha Eucalyptus diversifolia (Coast White Mallee) Mallee over Acacia longifolia

(Coast Wattle) with mixed native understorey of Kunzea pomifera (Muntries),

Lepidosperma sp (Saw-sedge) in excellent condition..

B2b – 0.29 ha of Eucalyptus diversifolia (Coast White Mallee) Very Open Mallee +/-

Myoporum insulare (Boobialla) and Acacia longifolia (Coast Wattle) over mixed exotic

understorey in fair to poor condition.

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B1 – 0.52ha of Melaleuca lanceolata (Dryland Tea-tree) and Melaleuca brevifolia

(Short-leaf Honey-myrtle) Tall Open Shrubland over samphire, mixed exotic

understorey in moderate condition.

EG – 0.07 ha of exotic grassland.

Total proposed clearance –

area (ha) and/or number

of trees:

2.61 hectares of native vegetation clearance across three vegetation associations of

varying type and quality.

The clearance footprint presented in this data report is based on the concept

design current at the time of writing and following final design, clearance impact

area is likely to be further minimised.

Level of clearance: Level 4

Overlay (Planning and

Design Code):

NA

Map of proposed

clearance area:

Mitigation Hierarchy:

Avoid

- Where possible drainage works have been directed toward vegetation of

lower quality.

Minimise

- Following provision of an Ecological Flora and Fauna assessment (EBS

2021), revisions were made to the construction design to reduce impact to

high quality remnant native vegetation found in VA A2 and B2. Footprint

was reduced by a total of 0.44 hectares. Changes include:

o Reducing unsealed shoulder from 1.0m to 0.5m

o Increasing batter slopes to 1:4 (from 1:6)

Mitigate

- Targeted field surveys for threatened orchids listed in EBS 2021 will be

undertaken in Project Area.

- Construction contractor will have a site specific COEMP to mitigate risks

associated with weed hygiene, erosion and sedimentation and general site

controls.

- Stop work procedures will be implemented if any species identified as

being CE is determined to be present on the site at time of clearance (i.e.

Orange Bellied Parrot).

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- A weed management plan will be implemented following construction to

prevent weed invasion into high quality vegetation following disturbance

from construction.

- Avoid undertaking construction works when/if VA B1 is inundated with

water.

SEB Offset proposal

Payment of $86, 656.26, which includes an administration fee of $4,555.16

including GST.

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2. Purpose of clearance

2.1. Description

The Coorong District Council is planning to upgrade a 3.9 km section of at the eastern extent of Seven Mile Road

between the township of Noonameena and the intersection of the Princes Highway, approximately 130 km south-east

of Adelaide (Figure 2). The road upgrade will involve widening the road, installing a swale drain in sections as well as

changing the elevation of the road in some locations. The Project Area encompasses Seven Mile Road, which, in its

entirety, is an unsealed road in the Coorong District Council region, adjoining Narrung Road in the west and the Princes

Highway in the east. The Coorong District Council Roadside Vegetation Management Plan (RVMP) (2010) categorises

the road as B Class: Major Internal Road (unsealed) defined as a road that carries a mixture of through and local traffic.

It is approximately 12.6 km long (1 km sealed, 11.6 km unsealed), and follows a section of the shoreline of the Coorong

for much of its length, traverses the small town / locality of Noonameena, and then follows the northern edge of a

private nature reserve, and local business, Camp Coorong, to the junction with the Princes Highway.

2.2. Background

The Project Area forms part of the Murray Lakes and Coorong Subregion as part of the larger Murray Darling

Depression IBRA bioregion, within the Coorong District Council and Murraylands and Riverland LMR Region, bordering

the Limestone Coast LMR Region. The Project Area is split across two IBRA environmental associations, with the

southern half, from Noonameena along the coast within the Coorong association, and a small area of the northern

section to the Princes Highway within the Narrung association.

The surrounding landscape includes the Coorong National Park to the south, including Ramsar Listed Coorong and

Lakes Alexandrina and Albert site, and predominantly dryland agriculture to the north. The southern section of the

Project Area is within the boundary of the River Murray Act 1993 which aims to protect restore and enhance the River

Murray System, and is Prescribed and depicted in Schedule 1, Section 4 of the River Murray Regulation 2003 (Figure 1).

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Figure 1. Project Area showing IBRA associations, River Murray Act area and the boundary of the RAMSAR listed Coorong wetlands

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2.3. General location map

Figure 2. Map of Project Area and landscape context

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2.4. Details of the proposal

The Coorong District Council is planning to upgrade a 3.9 km section of Seven Mile Road from Noonameena to the

north east at the intersection with the Princes Highway. The road upgrade will involve widening the road, installing a

swale drain in sections as well as changing the elevation of the road in places. The final design is likely to include a T-

junction (with a Give Way) at the sharp road bend.

Figure 3. Overview of vegetation assessed and proposed clearance footprint

2.5. Approvals required or obtained

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

The Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and the Environment Protection and

Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 provide a legal framework to protect and manage Nationally and

Internationally important flora, fauna, ecological communities and heritage places – defined in the Act as Matters of

National Environmental Significance (MNES). The nine MNES protected under the Act are:

1. World Heritage properties;

2. National Heritage places;

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3. Wetlands of international importance (listed under the Ramsar Convention);

4. Listed threatened species and ecological communities;

5. Migratory species protected under international agreements;

6. Commonwealth marine areas;

7. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park;

8. Nuclear actions (including uranium mines); and

9. A water resource, in relation to coal seam gas development and large coal mining development.

Three of the nine MNES protected under the Act may be of relevance to the Project Area, which are:

• Listed threatened species;

• Listed Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs); and

• Migratory species protected under international agreements.

Any action that has, will have, or is likely to have a significant impact on MNES requires referral under the EPBC Act.

Substantial penalties apply for undertaking an action that has, will have, or is likely to have a significant impact on a

MNES without approval.

The EPBC Act Significant Impact Guidelines provide overarching guidance to help determine whether an action is likely

to have a significant impact on a MNES. In terms of nationally threatened species, the guidelines define an action as

likely to have a significant impact if there is a real chance or possibility that it will:

• Lead to a long-term decrease in the population;

• Reduce the area of occupancy of the species;

• Fragment an existing population;

• Adversely affect critical habitat;

• Disrupt breeding cycles;

• Modify, destroy, remove, isolate or decrease the availability or quality of habitat to the extent that the species

is likely to decline;

• Result in the establishment of invasive species that are harmful to the species;

• Introduce disease that may cause the species to decline; and

• Interfere with the recovery of the species.

Native Vegetation Act 1991

Native vegetation that is present within the Project Area is subject to the Native Vegetation Act 1991. This legislation is

principally in place to provide incentives and assistance for the preservation and enhancement of native vegetation

and to control the clearance of native vegetation.

Native vegetation refers to any naturally occurring local plant species that is indigenous to South Australia, from small

ground covers and native grasses to large trees and water plants. It also includes naturally occurring regrowth and in

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certain circumstances, dead trees (Department of Environment and Water, 2020a). Regardless of the species, native

vegetation protected under the NV Act does not include planted specimens.

National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972

Native plants and animals in South Australia are protected under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (NPW Act).

It is an offence to take a native plant or protected animal without approval. Threatened plant and animal species are

listed in Schedules 7 (Endangered species), 8 (Vulnerable species) and 9 (Rare species) of the Act. Persons must not:

• Take a native plant on a reserve, wilderness protection area, wilderness protection zone, land reserved for

public purposes, a forest reserve or any other Crown land;

• Take a native plant of a prescribed species on private land;

• Take a native plant on private land without the consent of the owner (such plants may also be covered by the

Native Vegetation Act 1991);

• Take a protected animal or the eggs of a protected animal without approval;

• Keep protected animals unless authorised to do so; and

• Use poison to kill a protected animal without approval.

Conservation rated flora and fauna species listed on Schedules 7, 8, or 9 of the NPW Act may occur within the Project

Area. Persons must comply with the conditions imposed upon permits and approvals.

Landscape South Australia Act 2019

The Landscape South Australia Act 2019 (LSA Act) has replaced the Natural Resources Management Act 2004 (NRM Act).

Under the LSA Act, the regional landscape boards have been established. The aim is to deliver landscape services to

regional communities, including effective water management, pest plant and animal control, soil and land management

and support for broader sustainable primary production programs. Under the LSA Act, landholders have a legal

responsibility to manage declared pest plants and animals and prevent land and water degradation.

During planning and construction phases strategies must be put in place to reduce the spread of noxious weeds,

particularly Declared Weed African Boxthorn, in accordance with the LSA Act and guidance from the Murraylands and

Riverland (MR) LMR. Additionally, approval must be obtained from MR LMR to transport any Declared weed species

on a public road, and waste material from Declared Weeds is usually required to be disposed of at a licensed waste

depot.

River Murray Act 2003

Pursuant to Schedule 25(2g) of the Native Vegetation Act 1991, where guidelines relate to land within the Murray-

Darling Basin, submit the guidelines to the Minister to whom the administration of the River Murray Act 2003 is

committed for comment.

The southern half of the construction zone is within the area of the River Murray Act 2003 (RM Act). The RM Act aims

to ensure that all reasonable and practicable measures are taken to protect, restore and enhance the River Murray in

recognition of its importance to the South Australian community and economy. The Minister for Water and the River

Murray is responsible for the administration of the Act. Included under the Act are:

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- The River Murray system (all anabranches, tributaries, flood plains, wetlands, estuaries that are in any way

connected or associated with the river, and related beds, banks and shores)

- Soil, groundwater, surface water, air, vegetation, animals and ecosystems connected or associated with the

River system

- Cultural and natural heritage, amenity and geological values connected or associated with the River Murray

system; and

- Minerals and other substances, and facilities that are subject to the operation of a Mining Act.

29 – Provisions relating to consent, (9a) If an application for the Council's consent relates to native vegetation within a

River Murray Protection Area and is within a class of applications prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of

this provision (which class may be prescribed so as to consist of applications for all such consents), the Council must,

before giving its consent—

(a) consult the Minister to whom the administration of the River Murray Act 2003 is committed; and

(b) comply with the Minister's directions (if any) in relation to the application (including a direction that the

application not be granted, or that if it is to be granted, then it be subject to conditions specified by the

Minister).

Schedule 1 Principles of Clearance of Native Vegetation

Native Vegetation should not be cleared if, in the opinion of the Council –

(l) the clearance of the vegetation would cause significant harm to the River Murray within the meaning of the River

Murray Act 2003

2.6. Native Vegetation Regulation

Regulation 12(34)—Infrastructure

(1) Clearance of vegetation—

(a) incidental to the construction or expansion of a building or infrastructure where the Minister has, by

instrument in writing, declared that the Minister is satisfied that the clearance is in the public interest;

or

(b) required in connection with the provision of infrastructure or services to a building or proposed

building, or to any place,

provided that any development authorisation required by or under the Planning, Development and

Infrastructure Act 2016 has been obtained.

The requirements of the proponent to undertake clearance for the provision of infrastructure include:

• Application to the NVC;

• Provision of sufficient information for the NVC to assess the level of risk to biodiversity;

• Development of a SEB Management Plan to be approved by the NVC if providing an on ground SEB; and

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• Provision of a SEB in accordance with the Management Plan or payment into the Native Vegetation Fund.

If an NVC-approved Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) exists, the application, assessment, approval and SEB

processes will occur in accordance with the SOP.

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3. Method

3.1. Desktop assessment

A desktop assessment was undertaken to determine the potential for any threatened flora and fauna species, and

Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs) (both Commonwealth and State listed) to occur within the Project Area.

This was achieved by undertaking database searches using a 5 km buffer of the Project Area (Search Area).

3.1.1. PMST report

A Protected Matters Search Tool (PMST) report was generated on 13th January 2021 to identify nationally threatened

flora and fauna, migratory fauna and TECs under the EPBC Act relevant to the Project Area (DAWE 2020). Only species

and TECs identified in the PMST report that are likely or known to occur within the Search Area were assessed for

their likelihood of occurrence within the Project Area.

3.1.2. BDBSA data extract

A data extract from the Biological Database of South Australia (BDBSA) was obtained from NatureMaps to identify

flora and fauna species that have been recorded within 5 km of the Project Area (data extracted 18th January 2021,

DEW 2020). The BDBSA is comprised of an integrated collection of species records from the South Australian

Museum, conservation organisations, private consultancies, Birds SA, Birdlife Australia and the Australasian Wader

Study Group, which meet the Department for Environment and Water’s (DEW) standards for data quality, integrity

and maintenance. Only species with records since 1995 and a spatial reliability of less than 1 km were assessed for

their likelihood of occurrence.

3.1.3. Likelihood of occurrence

The criteria for the likelihood of occurrence of threatened species within the Project Area are described in Table 3.

Table 3. Criteria for the likelihood of occurrence of threatened species within the Project Area.

Likelihood Criteria

Highly

Likely/Known

Recorded in the last 10 years, the species does not have highly specific niche requirements, the habitat is

present and falls within the known range of the species distribution or;

The species was recorded as part of field surveys.

Likely Recorded within the previous 20 years, the area falls within the known distribution of the species and the

area provides habitat or feeding resources for the species.

Possible

Recorded within the previous 20 years, the area falls inside the known distribution of the species, but the

area provide limited habitat or feeding resources for the species.

Recorded within 20 -40 years, survey effort is considered adequate, habitat and feeding resources present,

and species of similar habitat needs have been recorded in the area.

Unlikely

Recorded within the previous 20 years, but the area provide no habitat or feeding resources for the species,

including perching, roosting or nesting opportunities, corridor for movement or shelter.

Recorded within 20 -40 years; however, suitable habitat does not occur, and species of similar habitat

requirements have not been recorded in the area.

No records despite adequate survey effort.

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3.2. Flora assessment

The flora assessment was undertaken by NVC Accredited Consultants Chris Gibson and Jessica Skewes on 19th

January 2021 in accordance with the Bushland Assessment Method (BAM) (NVC 2020a). Additionally, information

from a desktop assessment as described in section 3.1, were used while on site to further determine likelihood of

occurrence of any threatened flora species.

3.2.1. Bushland Assessment Method

The BAM is derived from the Nature Conservation Society of South Australia’s Bushland Condition Monitoring

methodology (Croft et al. 2007, 2008a, 2008b, 2009; Milne and Croft 2012; Milne and McCallum 2012). The BAM used

to assess areas of native vegetation requiring clearance and calculate the SEB requirements.

Details of site selection/stratification and assessment protocols, and the biodiversity value components assessed and

the factors that influence these components are outlined in the Bushland Assessment Manual (NVC 2020a).

The Conservation Significance Scores were calculated from direct observations of flora and direct and historical

observations of fauna species of conservation significance. All fauna identified as known to occur in the PMST, and

fauna with BDBSA records since 1995 and with a spatial reliability of less than 1 km, within 5 km of the Project Area,

were included in the BAM scoresheets. Species determined as unlikely to occur within the Project Area will be

removed by the Native Vegetation Branch if the finding is supported. Marine and/or wetland species were omitted

from the scoresheets given the Project Area is terrestrial.

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3.3. Fauna assessment

Fauna surveys were conducted in conjunction with the flora assessments along the site. All native and exotic fauna

species opportunistically encountered (directly observed, or tracks, scats, burrows, nests and other signs of presence)

during the native vegetation assessment were recorded. Potential fauna refuge sites, such as hollows, were noted as

an indication of availability of suitable habitat. Particular attention was paid to identifying habitat for threatened

species. For each opportunistic fauna observation, the species, number of individuals, GPS location, detection

methodology (sight, sound or sign) and habitat were recorded.

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4. Assessment outcomes

4.1. Vegetation assessment

4.1.1. General description of the vegetation, the site and matters of significance

Three primary vegetation associations (VA), and one degraded VA were identified in the Project Area during the field

survey over two ‘Blocks’ (A, B) separated across two IBRA environmental associations and six ‘Sites’.

4.1.2. Details of the vegetation associates/scattered trees proposed to be impacted

Table 4. Summary of Site A1

Vegetation

Association

Acacia longifolia (Coast Wattle) and Myoporum insulare (Boobialla) Very Open Shrubland over

mixed native and exotic understorey of Dianella brevicaulis (Coast Flax-lily), and Rhagodia

candolleana (Sea-berry Saltbush).

Figure 4. VA A1 on southern side of the road towards the Coorong

General

description

Site A1 runs southeast from the township of Noonameena, comprising the road reserve to the

north and south of the road, with farmland to the north and the Coorong National Park to the

south (Figure 4). The site was considered to be of low to medium vegetation condition, with

reduced shrub cover, limited regeneration of native plant species, and medium high weed

abundance. Habitat within the Project Area was reduced to a few medium-large shrubs,

primarily Acacia longifolia and Myoporum insulare, and habitat quality increased towards the

edge of the Coorong National Park. A NatureMaps search identified the Coorong and Lakes

Alexandrina and Albert Ramsar Wetland to come within approximately 15 metres of the road

edge in places, and therefore it will be particularly imperative to ensure that works are

restricted to the marked footprint.

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Threatened

species or

community

No threatened species or communities were observed while on site.

The vegetation adjoins a RAMSAR protected wetland area, Coorong National Park and is

within the River Murray Act 2003 protection zone.

A desktop assessment deemed several State and nationally listed species as possibly

occurring within this vegetation association (species assessed as unlikely not included,

discussed further in section 4.2):

EPBC Act Fauna

Calidris ferruginea (Curlew Sandpiper) (EPBC: CR; NPW: E)

Calidris tenuirostris (Great Knot) (EPBC: CR; NPW: E)

Limosa lapponica ssp. baueri(Bar-tailed Godwit) (EPBC: VU; NPW: R)

Neophema chrysogaster (Orange-bellied Parrot) (EPBC: CR; NPW: E)

Numenius madagascariensis (Eastern Curlew) (EPBC: CE; NPW: EN)

Sternula nereis (Fairy Tern) (EPBC: VU; NPW: E)

Thinornis cucullatus cucullatus (Hooded Plover) (EPBC: VU; NPW: V)

EPBC Act Flora

Senecio macrocarpus (Large-fruited Groundsel) (EPBC V; NPW : VU)

NPW Act

Actitis hypoleucos (CommonSandpiper) (NPW: R)

Arenaria interpres (Ruddy Turnstone) (NPW: R)

Calidris alba alba (Sanderling) (NPW: R)

Calidris ruficolis (Pectoral Sandpiper) (NPW: R)

Cereopsis novaehollandiae novaehollandiae (Cape Barren Goose) (NPW: R)

Cladorhynchus leucocephalus (Banded Stilt) (NPW: V)

Egretta garzetta (Little Egret) (NPW: R)

Haematopus longirostris (Pied Oystercatcher) (NPW: R)

Limosa limosa (Black-tailed Godwit) (NPW: R)

Pluvialis fulva (Pacific Golden Plover) (NPW: R)

Tringia glareola (Wood Sandpiper) (NPW: R)

Neophema elegans (Elegant Parrot) (NPW: R)

Podiceps cristatus (Greater Crested Grebe) (NPW: R)

Stagonopleura guttata (Diamond Firetail) (NPW: V)

Zanda funereal whiteae (Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo) (NPW: V)

Landscape

context score 1.11

Vegetation

Condition

Score

35.89

Conservation

significance

score

1.10

Unit biodiversity

Score 43.83 Area (ha) 0.82

Total

biodiversity

Score

35.94

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Table 5. Summary of Site A2 and B2

Vegetation

Association

Eucalyptus diversifolia (Coast White Mallee) Mallee over Acacia longifolia (Coast Wattle) with

mixed native understorey of Kunzea pomifera (Muntries), Lepidosperma sp (Saw-sedge).

Figure 5. BAM Site A2 looking north

General

description

Sites A2 and B2 were assessed in the field as one VA, however as they occur across two IBRA

environmental associations, Coorong and Narrung, scores vary slightly and so are presented

individually and in two scoresheets.

Sites A2 and B2 were of high biodiversity value, with high species diversity on sandy soil, low

weed abundance and good habitat at all structural layers. The site occurred on the eastern side

of the road in a strip of road reserve which adjoined a large patch of contiguous remnant

vegetation, separated by a fence. Vegetation within the site provided an abundance of

resources, with native grasses and ground covers providing excellent food resources, a thick

mid-storey shrub layer in places providing excellent cover and nesting habitat for small birds,

and a dense mallee upper-storey with some small hollows and food resources. Vegetation

comprised a dominant overstorey of Eucalyptus diversifolia interspersed with Eucalyptus

incrassata. Dominant mid and ground covering of low mixed native heathy shrubs and Kunzea

pomifera, with patches of Lomandra effusa and Lepidosperma spp.

Threatened

species or

community


The vegetation adjoins the RAMSAR protected wetland area, Coorong National Park and is

partially within the River Murray Act 2003 protection zone, and subject to an additional

loading.

A desktop assessment deemed several state and nationally listed species as possibly

occurring within this vegetation association:

EPBC Act Fauna

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EPBC Act Flora

Pterostylis arenicola (Sandhill Greenhood) (EPBC V; NPW : VU)


Thelymitra epipactoides (Metallic Sun Orchid) (EPBC E; NPW : EN)

NPW Act

Actitis hypoleucos (Common Sandpiper) (NPW: R)















Site A2

Landscape

context score 1.14

Vegetation

Condition

Score

54.58

Conservation

significance

score

1.10

Unit biodiversity


Total

biodiversity

Score

25.32

Site B2

Landscape

context score 1.17

Vegetation

Condition

Score

54.58

Conservation

significance

score

1.1

Unit biodiversity


Total

biodiversity

Score

23.18

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Table 6. Summary of Site A2b and B2b

Vegetation

Association

Eucalyptus diversifolia (Coast White Mallee) Very Open Mallee +/- Myoporum insulare

(Boobialla) and Acacia longifolia (Coast Wattle) over mixed exotic understorey

Figure 6. BAM Site B2b looking south, highly degraded and weedy with sparse shrubs and Eucalyptus spp.

General

description

Site A2b and B2b occurred on the western side of Seven Mile Road heading north towards

Princes Highway. It had a similar species composition to site A2/B2, however, it was considered

to have become highly degraded, being only a thin strip with cleared farmland on the other

side (Figure 6). There was high weed abundance in the understorey and a much lower density

of upper and mid storey vegetation, with decreased native species diversity.

Additionally, a small section of A2b comes under the River Murray Act 2003 and so any impact

is required to be approved by the Minister for Water and the River Murray.

Threatened

species or

community


Vegetation abuts RAMSAR protected wetland area, Coorong National Park and is within the

River Murray Act 2003 protection zone.



EPBC Act







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EPBC Act Flora



Thelymitraepipactoides (Metallic Sun Orchid) (EPBC E; NPW : EN)

NPW Act
















A2b

Landscape

context score 1.11

Vegetation

Condition

Score

19.26

Conservation

significance

score

1.1

Unit biodiversity


Total

biodiversity

Score

7.52

B2b

Landscape

context score 1.17

Vegetation

Condition

Score

19.26

Conservation

significance

score

1.10

Unit biodiversity


Total

biodiversity

Score

7.19

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Table 7. Summary of Site B1

Vegetation

Association

Melaleuca lanceolata (Dryland Tea-tree) and Melaleuca brevifolia (Short-leaf Honey-myrtle)

Tall Open Shrubland over samphire, mixed exotic understorey.

Figure 7. BAM Site B1 looking southwest, with melaleuca in foreground and dry samphire saltmarsh in background

continuing beyond fence onto private land

General

description

Site B1 occurred in the north of the Project Area towards the Princes Highway. The site was

considered to be of reasonably good condition, with some dense patches of Melaleuca spp. tall

shrubland interspersed with large open patches of low open samphire (>50%), which persisted

as understorey in the shrubland (Figure 7). Weeds were generally of low abundance in this VA,

with the exception of Limonium companyonis (Sea-lavender) which was prevalent amongst the

samphire. Though dry at the time of survey, is likely that this region becomes seasonally

inundated with water. This VA has been assessed against the criteria for listing as a Coastal

Saltmarsh TEC (EPBC: VU), and is likely to been excluded on the basis that there is no tidal

connection.

Threatened

species or

community


All threatened flora species are considered unlikely to occur.

Samphire vegetation assessed as unlikely to be Coastal Saltmarsh TEC based on lack of tidal

influence.



EPBC Act



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EPBC Act Flora



Thelymitraepipactoides (Metallic Sun Orchid) (EPBC E; NPW : EN)

NPW Act
















Landscape

context score 1.17

Vegetation

Condition

Score

50.49

Conservation

significance

score

1.10

Unit biodiversity


Total

biodiversity

Score

33.79

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4.1.3. Site map showing areas of proposed impact

Figure 8. Clearance footprint map 1 (west)

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Figure 9. Clearance footprint map 2

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Figure 12. Clearance footprint map 5 (north east)

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4.2. Threatened species assessment

4.2.1. EPBC Act listed threatened flora

The PMST identified seven nationally significant flora species listed under the EPBC Act as potentially occurring within

the Project Area, none of which were categorised as “known to occur” by the PMST. A likelihood assessment of five

species categorised as ‘likely’ to occur was undertaken according to species known habitat preferences, compared

against the vegetation associations observed whilst on site during the field survey. Based on habitat suitability, and the

known restricted range of some species, two species were determined to be unlikely to occur within the Project Area

and three were deemed possible (Table 8).

Table 8. Threatened flora species potentially occurring within the project area.

Species (common

name)

NPW

Act

EPBC

Act

Data

source

Date of last

record/PMST

category

Species known habitat

preferences

Likelihood of use for

habitat – Comments

Flora

Caladenia colorata

(Coloured Spider-

orchid)

E EN 5 Likely

Grows on sand over loam

with E. leucoxylon/E.

fasciculosa, Allocasurina

stricta and Callitris gracilis

woodland over scattered

shrubs, sedges and grasses.

Heathy woodland (DEH,

2008b)

Unlikely

No species or species

habitat in Project

Area, no recent

records within 5 km.

Caladenia tensa

(Greencomb Spider

Orchid)

EN 5 Likely

Red-brown sandy loams on

rises in open Yellow Gum

woodland (DEW 2021a)

Unlikely


habitat in Project

Area. No recent


Pterostylis arenicola

(Sandhill Greenhood

Orchid)

V VU 5 Likely

Found in mallee and native

pine woodlands, often

dominated by E. diversifolia,

A. pycnantha, E. porosa, A.

verticillata (Landscape South

Australia, 2015)

Possible

Suitable habitat within

Project Area, however

no recent records

within 5 km.

Senecio macrocarpus

(Large-fruit

Groundsel)

V VU 5 Likely

Grassland, sedgeland,

woodland and shrubland on

heavy soils or shallow

depressions on loamy sand,

with overstorey of Melaleuca

lanceolata and M.

halmaturorum. (Sinclair,

2010).

Possible

Possible habitat exists

within Project Area.

No recent records

within 5 km.

Thelymitra

epipactoides

(Metallic Sun-orchid)

EN EN 5 Likely

Open woodland or mallee

with heathy understorey,

including E. diversifolia

dominant mallee with Kunzea

pomifera and Lepidosperma

carphoides (DEH Undated)

Possible

Suitable habitat exists

within Project Area.

No recent records

within 5 km.

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Source; 1- BDBSA, 2 - AoLA, 3 – NatureMaps 4 – Observed/recorded in the field, 5 - Protected matters search tool, 6 – others

NP&W Act; E= Endangered, V = Vulnerable, R= Rare

EPBC Act; Ex = Extinct, CR = Critically endangered, EN = Endangered; VU = Vulnerable

Two species of orchid, Pterostylis arenicola (Sandhill Greenhood Orchid) and Thelymitra epipactoides (Metallic Sun-

orchid), were identified as possibly occurring within the Project Area, with suitable habitat of Eucalyptus diversifolia

mallee woodlands with midstorey of Acacia pycnantha and Rhagodia candolleana (Obst 2005) and / Kunzea pomifera

(Muntries) and Lepidosperma carphoides (Black Rapier Sedge) (DEH, Undated). Though a BDBSA report did not find any

records within 5 km of the Project Area, there are nine known populations of Pterostylis arenicola predominantly

occurring in Coorong communities of Narrung, Wellington, Meningie and Tailem Bend, including in the Coorong

National Park. Up to 50 small populations of Thelymitra epipactoides are currently known, ranging from the Eyre

Peninsula in SA to central Gippsland in Victoria (Duncan and Coates, 2010). Several small populations of this species

are known within the SA Murray Darling Basin (SAMDB) including at Meningie and the Coorong National Park, close-

by and with similar habitat to the Project Area (Obst 2005).

As the distribution and requirements of these orchid species are poorly known, recovery actions include survey and

mapping of baseline population data to identify critical and potential habitat (Orbst 2005). As such, it is recommended

that surveys be undertaken during the spring flowering period (September to December), to determine if these species

are present within the Project Area, particularly in VA A2 /B2 before any clearance goes ahead.

Senecio macrocarpus (Large-fruit Groundsel) was identified as possibly occurring within the Project Area due to the

similarity of habitat with known populations occurring at locations such as Messent Conservation Park at Salt Creek.

The National Recovery Plan for the Large-fruit Groundsel Senecio macrocarpus (Sinclair 2010) identifies a range of

habitats associated with known populations, including with species such as Melaleuca lanceolata and Melaleuca

halmaturorum shrubland, but typically occurring in areas where competition with other understorey species is light.

Populations are known to have declined due to the expansion of agriculture, and are typically limited to rail lines and

conservation reserves where ongoing threats include destruction of habitat, competition and weed invasion. Though

no individuals were found on site during the field assessment, it is recommended that targeted surveys be undertaken

in spring (during the typical flowering period), prior to clearance, to determine if this species is present within the

Project Area.

If any of these EPBC listed species are identified within the Project Area, they would need to be mapped in relation to

the clearance areas, and it is likely that any clearance would be considered a significant impact, given that all of these

species have relatively unknown and/or restricted ranges.

4.2.2. NPW Act listed threatened flora

A search of NatureMaps within 5 km of the Project Area identified a further three species listed under the NPW Act

occurring since 1995 (Table 9). Rare species are listed under Schedule 9 of the NPW Act using criteria consistent with

the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) definition of ‘Near threatened’, including those which are in

decline and that naturally have a limited presence (DEW, 2020). A likelihood assessment of species was undertaken

according to species known habitat preferences, compared against the vegetation associations observed whilst on site

during the field survey.

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Table 9. NPW Act listed flora species considered as part of the desktop assessment

Species (common

name)

EPBC

Act

NPW

Act

Data

source

Date of last

record/PMST

category


preferences



Flora

Austrostipa echinata

(Spiny Spear-grass) R 1 1998

Occurs on sand associated

with limestone in coastal and

near coastal areas in mallee

and open scrub (DEH, 2008a).

Unlikely

Suitable habitat in

Project Area, records

from within 5 km, but

more than 20 years

ago at Hindmarsh

Island – restricted

populations known.

Eucalyptus fasciculosa

(Pink Gum) R 1 2012

Kangaroo Island, Mount Lofty

Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula,

south-east of SA, into

western Victoria.

Unlikely

Conspicuous species

not identified within

Project Area.

Leucopogon clelandii

(Cleland’s Beard-

heath)

R 1 2014, 1990 Confined to sandy heath land

(Bonney 1995)

Possible

None identified in

Project Area, recent

records within 5 km,

older record (1990)

close to Project Area.

Source; 1- BDBSA, 2 - AoLA, 3 – NatueMaps 4 – Observed/recorded in the field, 5 - Protected matters search tool, 6 – others



Though habitat in the Project Area is suitable for Austrostipa echinata (Spiny Spear-grass), it is known from restricted

populations and there have been no nearby records within 5 km of the Project Area in the last 20 years (last recorded

in 1998), and as such this species was deemed unlikely to occur. Eucalyptus fasciculosa (Pink Gum) is known to occur

within the general area, but was not observed in the Project Area during the field survey, and therefore it is unlikely

that it will be impacted by any works within the Project Area.

Leucopogon clelandii (Cleland’s Beard-heath), a NPW Act listed Rare species was identified as possibly occurring within

the Project Area. Mallee scrub habitat within the Project Area is considered suitable, and recent records have been

made within 5 km of the Project Area, including one record only ~50 m from the Seven Mile Road on the Camp

Coorong reserve area. No observations of this species were made during the vegetation surveys, but given the small

and inconspicuous nature of the plant, it is possible that this species exists within the Project Area, in particular on the

eastern side of Seven Mile Road in VA A2. Targeted surveys in clearance areas would determine the level of clearance

impact, if any, however as a state listed species there is no requirement.

4.2.3. EPBC Act listed threatened fauna

The PMST identified 22 EPBC listed threatened fauna species listed as “likely to occur” or “known to occur” within the

Project Area. All species considered specialised aquatic species including fish, marine turtles, and marine mammals,

and with no habitat occurring within the Project Area were discounted from consideration.

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Fifteen of these bird species were considered unlikely to occur within the Project Area, having no suitable habitat and

no recent records nearby, or being marine species, which may only be present rarely as flyovers, but not utilising the

Project Area habitat. As the Project Area is close to the aquatic habitat of the Coorong National Park, many species of

birds identified as being present in the Project Area or close-by are marine, shore and wetland birds which are likely to

have been recorded at the shoreline habitat, not the roadside reserves relevant to the Project Area.

One amphibian, the Southern Bell Frog (EPBC: VU; SA:VU), was considered unlikely to occur within the Project Area

due to a lack of suitable habitat requirements, which typically includes freshwater habitats with emergent, submerged

and floating vegetation. Additionally, the National Recovery Plan for the Southern Bell Frog Litoria raniformis (Clemann

and Gillespie, 2012) suggests that the populations historically recorded in the Mount Lofty Ranges and Adelaide Plains

are likely to have originated from captive populations and are now presumed extinct.

The remaining six species included four birds considered possible, and two birds considered likely in the Project Area

(Table 10).

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Table 10. Threatened species potentially occurring within the project area.

Species (common

name)

EPBC

Act

NPW

Act

Data

source

Date of last

record/PMST

category


preferences



Birds

Botaurus poiciloptilus

(Australasian Bittern) EN EN 5 Likely

Freshwater wetlands and

rarely in estuaries or tidal

wetlands, favouring wetlands

dominated by sedges, rushes

and reeds growing over a

muddy or peaty substrate

Unlikely

No suitable habitat

within the Project

Area

Calidris canutus4

(Red Knot) EN, M EN 5

Known to

occur

Inhabits tidal mud flats, sand

flats and sandy beaches in

estuaries, bays, inlets and

lagoons (DEW 2020f).

Unlikely

No suitable habitat

within the Project

Area

Calidris ferruginea4

(Curlew Sandpiper) CE, M EN 5, 1

Known to

occur

2010

Wetlands. Widespread in

coastal and subcoastal areas

east of Streaky Bay. Important

sites include ICI and Price Salt

fields, and The Coorong.

Occasionally they occur in

inland areas south of the

Murray River and elsewhere

(DEW 2020e).

Likely

Suitable habitat in

Project Area. Recent

records within 5 km of

Project Area.

Calidris tenuirostris4

(Great Knot) CE VU 5

Known to

occur

Inter-tidal flats; also utilises

sheltered coastal mudflats of

estuaries, inlets, harbours,

lagoons, mangrove swamps,

salt lakes and lagoons

(Morcombe, 2021).

Possible

Species or species

habitat occurs in

Project Area, no

records within 5 km in

20 years.

Charadrius mongolus4

(Lesser Sand Plover) EN EN 5

Known to

occur

Intertidal sandflats and

mudflats, beaches, estuary

mudflats and sandbars, reef

flats. (Morcombe, 2021).

Unlikely

No suitable habitat in

Project Area. Likely to

utilise close-by coastal

habitat. No recent


Diomedea

antipodensis3

(Antipodean

Albatross)

VU, M 5 Likely

Pelagic, aerial. Forages, sleeps

and rests on ocean waters.

Breeds on offshore islands.

Unlikely

Marine species.

Flyover only.

Diomedea epomorpha3

(Southern Royal

Albatross)

VU, M VU 5 Likely

Marine. Subtropical to sub-

Antarctic oceans. Occurring

over open ocean and

shallower inshore waters.

Breeds on NZ mainland and

offshore islands.

Unlikely

Marine species.

Flyover only

Diomedea exulans 3

(Wandering Albatross) VU, M VU 5 Likely

Marine, pelagic and aerial,

feeding over deep and

pelagic and shallow

continental shelf waters.

Unlikely

Marine species.

Flyover only

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Breeding on Antarctic and

sub-Antarctic island

(Morcombe, 2021).

Diomedea sanfordi3

(Northern Royal

Albatross)

EN, M EN 5 Likely

Marine subtropical to sub-

Antarctic oceans occurring

over open ocean and shallow

inshore waters. Breeds on NZ

mainland and nearby islands.

Unlikely

Marine species.

Flyover only

Limosa lapponica4 ssp.

baueri

(Nunivak Bar-tailed

Godwit)

VU, M R 5 Known to

occur

Only subspecies is listed.

Habitat in Australia includes

coastal mudflats, sandbars,

shores of estuaries, salt marsh

and sewage ponds

(Morcombe, 2021)

Possible

Rare vagrant. Species

or species habitat

occurs in Project Area,

no records within 5

km in 20 years

Falco hypoleucos

(Grey Falcon) VU R 5 Likely

Interior plains. Inhabits lightly

timbered country, especially

stony plains and lightly

timbered acacia scrub

(Morcombe, 2021)

Unlikely


habitat in Project

Area.

Neophema

chrysogaster

(Orange-bellied

Parrot)

CE EN 5, 1

Known to

occur

1998

Tidal flats, salt marsh, heath,

islets and pasture close to

shore (Morcombe, 2021)

Possible

Previously observed

within 5km of Project

Area, but more than

20 years ago. Habitat

suitable.

Numenius

madagascariensis4

(Eastern Curlew)

CE, M EN 5 Known to

occur

Tidal mudflats, sand spits of

estuaries, mangroves, lake

shores, occasionally ocean

beaches (Morcombe, 2021)

Possible

Suitable habitat in

Project Area, no

recent records within

5 km.

Pachyptila turtur

subantarctica

(Fairy Prion

(southern))

VU 5 Likely

Sub-Antarctic seas and

islands while breeding, open

oceans. Rarely inshore unless

sheltering from storms

(Morcombe 2021)

Unlikely

Marine species.

Flyover only.

Phoebetria fusca3

(Sooty Albatross) VU, M EN 5 Likely

Pelagic, beyond continental

shelf (Morcombe, 2021).

Unlikely

Marine species.

Flyover only.

Rostratula australis

(Australian Painted

Snipe)

EN EN 5 Likely

Dense vegetation of swamps,

surrounds and shallows of

well vegetated wetlands

(Morcombe 2021).

Unlikely


Project Area.

Sternula nereis nereis

(Australian Fairy Tern) VU EN 5, 1

Known to

occur

2011

Marine: sheltered coastal,

bays, inlets, estuaries, coastal

lagoons, ocean beaches. Also

wetland near the coast

including slat ponds, lakes

(Morcombe, 2021).

Likely

Suitable habitat in



Project Area.

Thalassarche cauta 3

(Shy Albatross) EN, M VU 5 Likely

Subtropical to sub-Antarctic

oceans, often visiting

shallower waters on the shelf

and around islands. Comes

Unlikely

Marine species.

Flyover only.

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close inshore, entering bays

and harbours, breeding in

Australian waters (Morcombe

2021)

Thalassarche salvini3

(also: Diomedea cauta

salvini) (Salvin’s

Albatross)

VU VU 5 Likely

Typically thought NZ. Pelagic

species, utilising marine

habitat (NZ Birds Online

2013).

Unlikely

Marine species.

Flyover only

Thalassarche steadi3

(White-capped

Albatross)

VU, M 5 Likely Breeds offshore islands NZ.

Pelagic.

Unlikely

Marine species.

Flyover only

Thinornis cucullatus

cucullatus (Hooded

Plover)

VU VU 5, 1

Known to

occur

2009

Sandy beaches of ocean

estuaries, coastal lakes and

inland salt lakes. Nesting on

beach above high-tide mark

(Morcombe 2021).

Unlikely

Known to exist at

nearby beaches in the

area, but no suitable

habitat in Project

Area.

Amphibians

Litoria raniformis

(Growling Grass Frog) VU VU 5 Likely

In woodland and near large

permanent ponds that have

emergent reeds and other

vegetation.

Unlikely


habitat occurs in

Project Area, no


20 years.




3 = marine species; 4 wetland species

This data has been sourced from the South Australian Department for Environment and Water Biological Database of SA,

Recordset number DEWNRBDBSA210707-1.

Three birds are considered as possibly occurring within the Project Area. The Great Knot, Bar-tailed Godwit and Eastern

Curlew are wetland birds which may at times utilise some of the habitat within the Project Area. There are no recent

records within 5 km of the Project Area, but the Coorong habitat and the surrounding area includes wetlands and

saltmarshes. At times of inundation some habitat within the northern section of the Project Area may be suitable for

rare vagrants, however as there are no records within the area, these species are unlikely to be regular visitors, and

therefore any impact to these species would be minimal.

The Critically Endangered Orange-bellied Parrot is also considered as a possible inhabitant of the Project Area, with

migratory populations known to utilise habitat along the coast of southeast South Australia (April to October), including

tidal flats, salt marsh, heath and coastal pasture (Morecombe 2021). The National Recovery Plan for the Orange-bellied

Parrot, Neophema chrysogaster (DELWP 2016) identified the species as at risk of extinction in the near-term, with only

50 Orange-bellied Parrots remaining in the wild at the time of writing. A NatureMaps search identified one record

within 500 m of the Project Area from 1998 and numerous other records in general area up until approximately the

year 2000, when numbers had become so low that observations were extremely rare. The ‘Year 3 Priority Species

Scorecard (2018)’ identified a continuing decline in species, but suggested that overwintering habitat degradation on

the mainland is not a primary cause of this decline. Recent observations (2021) of the Orange Bellied Parrot on

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Hindmarsh Island indicate that this species is making a recovery, and therefore it is considered more likely that this

species may utilise the Project Area in the future.

The Australian Fairy Tern (EPBC: VU; SA: EN) has been recorded close to the Project Area, with the most recent record

from 2007 and is therefore considered likely to occur. Although this species is known from the area, as it primarily

utilises marine habitats such as offshore islands, coastal wetlands, beaches and sand spits, it is considered that this

species is only likely to interact with the Project Area as a flyover. No habitat identified within the Draft National

Recovery Plan for the Australian Fairy Tern (DotEE) as being ‘critical to survival’ occurs within the Project Area, and

therefore it is considered unlikely that the works will have any impact on this species.

The Coorong is identified as an important feeding and roosting site for the Curlew Sandpiper (EPBC: CE, SA: EN), where

they occur on intertidal mudflats, non-tidal swamps, and coastal lakes and lagoons. The most recent BDBSA record of

a Curlew Sandpiper close to the Project Area is from 2004, and so it is considered likely that this species may occur

from time to time, though predominantly utilising the nearshore habitat of the Coorong. Though population declines

are thought to be related to northern hemisphere breeding populations, maintaining undisturbed feeding and roosting

habitat along the south-east coast during seasonal migration is identified as a priority to ensure the viability of this

population in the long term (Department of the Environment, 2014).

4.2.4. NPW Act listed threatened fauna

The BDBSA search within 5 km of the Project Area identified nine Rare and three Vulnerable NPW Act State listed bird

species possibly occurring within the Project Area (additional to those already considered under the EPBC Act).

Additionally the PMST search identified seven listed migratory species which are listed as Rare under the NPW Act, and

one species listed as Endangered (Table 11).

The Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus australis) and Musk Duck (Biziura lobate menziesi), were both considered

unlikely to occur despite recent records within 5 km, due to their sole use of aquatic habitat, including deep lakes and

swamps, of which there is none in the Project Area. The Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos) is a freshwater wetland

bird with no suitable habitat in the Project Area, and the Flesh-footed Shearwater (Ardenna carneipes) utilises only

marine habitat.

Six species were considered likely to occur, with at least some suitable habitat existing within the Project Area and

having recent records within 5 km. Three species had recent records from within the Project Area itself and therefore

are considered to be present, however all are associated with the aquatic habitat of the Coorong rather than vegetation

within the adjacent Project Area, and so it is highly unlikely that any vegetation removal or associated construction

works will impact these species.

Six species, Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos), Latham’s Snipe (Gallinago hardwickii), Black-tailed Godwit

(Limosa limosa ssp. melanuroides) and Osprey (Pandion haliaetus cristatus) and Pacific Golden Plover (Pluvialis fulva),

Wood Sandpiper (Tringa glareola) were considered to possibly occur, with suitable habitat in the Project Area, but no

recent records within 5 km of the Project Area in the last 20 years. These species were not included in the BAM

scoresheets as they are migratory species with minimal feeding habitat in the Project Area, and are unlikely to be

impacted by road works.

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Table 11. Likelihood assessment of fauna species listed under the NPW Act.

Species (common

name)

EPBC

Act

NPW

Act

Data

source

Date of last

record/PMST

category


preferences



Birds

Actitis hypoleucos4

(Common Sandpiper) M R 5

Known to

occur

Varied coastal and interior

wetlands: narrow muddy

edges of billabongs, river

pools, mangroves, among

rocks reefs and rocky beaches

(Morcombe 2021).

Possible

Suitable habitat in

Project Area, however,

no recent records

within 5 km of Project

Area.

Ardenna carneipes3

(Flesh-footed

Shearwater)

M R 5 Likely

Marine, usually beyond edge

of continental shelf, nesting

on offshore islands

(Morcombe 2020)

Unlikely

Marine species.

Flyover only.

Arenaria interpres

(Ruddy Turnstone) M R 5,1

Known to

occur

2009

Ocean coasts with exposed

rock, stony or shell beaches,

mudflats, exposed reefs and

wave platforms. Occasionally

inland on shallow pools

(Morcombe 2021)

Likely

Recent records within

5 km of Project Area.

More likely to utilise

nearby aquatic

habitat, but possible

presence during

inundation.

Biziura lobate menziesi

(Musk Duck) R 1 2007

Lakes and deep swamps with

reeds and open water

(Morcombe 2021).

Unlikely

Recent records within

5 km, but habitat

unsuitable within

Project Area – likely

observed in nearby

aquatic habitat.

Calidris melanotos 4

(Pectoral Sandpiper) M R 5

Known to

occur

Shallow fresh water wetlands

with low grass and other

herbage (Pizzey & Knight,

2007)

Unlikely

No suitable habitat

within the Project

Area, no records

within 5 km in 20

years.

Cereopsis

novaehollandiae

novaehollandiae

(Cape Barren Goose)

R 1 2015

Ocean beaches, headlands,

margins of wetland and

pastures.

Likely

Suitable habitat in



Project Area.

Cladorhynchus

leucocephalus

(Banded Stilt)

VU 1 2012

Ocean beaches, salt lakes of

coast and inland. Also uses

temporary flooded saltpan

lakes, marine beaches of

estuaries and intertidal flats

(Morcombe, 2021)

Present

Species or species

habitat occurs; recent

records within or

nearby Project Area.

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Egretta garzetta

nigripes

(Little Egret)

R 1 2009

Shallow open waters of

swamps, billabongs,

floodplain pools, mudflats

and mangrove channels

(Morcombe, 2021).

Present

Species or species


records within or


Gallinago hardwickii4

(Latham’s Snipe) M R 5 Likely

Shallow water with tussocks

and other green or dead

growth. Also samphire and

saltmarshes, irrigated areas

and wet paddocks

(Morcombe, 2021)

Possible

Species or species

habitat occurs in

Project Area, no


20 years.

Haematopus

longirostris

(Pied Oystercatcher)

R 1 2014

Coastal: beaches and

mudflats of inlets, bays,

ocean beaches and offshore

islets. Less often on rocky

coasts and headlands

(Morcombe, 2021)

Present

Species or species


records within or


Lichenostomus

cratitius occidentalis

(Purple-gaped

Honeyeater)

R 1 2014 Mallee, open woodland,

heath (Morcombe, 2021).

Likely

Suitable habitat in



Project Area.

Limosa limosa ssp.

melanuroides

(Black-tailed Godwit)

M R 5 Known to

occur

Coastal, including estuaries,

sheltered bays, lagoons,

shores and islets of large

ephemeral inland lakes

(Morcombe 2021)

Possible

Species or species

habitat occurs in

Project Area, no


20 years

Neophema elegans

elegans

(Elegant Parrot)

R 1 2016

Woodland, lightly timbered

grassland, partly cleared

farmland, margins of

clearings in heavy forest,

tree-lined watercourses,

mallee, mulga (Morcombe,

2021).

Likely

Suitable habitat in



Project Area.

Pandion haliaetus

(cristatus)

(Osprey)

M EN 5 Likely

Coastal waters and estuaries

– often following major rivers

far inland. Uses high coastal

headlands, cliff-tops and

offshore islands to build

nests, often on tall rock

stacks (Morcombe 2021)

Possible

Flyover likely, but very

unlikely to utilise the

habitat for feeding,

resting or breeding.

No recent records

within 5 km.

Pluvialis fulva4

(Pacific Golden Plover) M R 5

Known to

occur

Coastal habitats, estuaries,

intertidal mudflats, beaches,

reefs, saltmarshes, offshore

islands.

Possible.

Habitat is suitable, but

no recent records


Area.

Podiceps cristatus

australis4

(Great Crested Grebe)

R 1 2012

Never on land – prefers large

deep lakes and swamps

usually with open water and

dense reed beds or other

concealing vegetation.

Unlikely

Recent record within 5

km, but in nearby

aquatic habitat. No

suitable habitat in

Project Area.

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Stagonopleura guttata

(Diamond Firetail) VU 1 2013

Grassy groundcover

underneath open forest;

woodland, mallee, acacia

scrub and timber belts along

watercourses and roadsides

(Morcombe, 2021)

Likely

Suitable habitat in



Project Area.

Tringa glareola4

(Wood Sandpiper) M R 5

Known to

occur

Freshwater swamps, lakes,

flooded pasture. Less

frequently, brackish waters,

occasionally mangroves

(Morcombe, 2021).

Possible

Species or species

habitat likely to occur

in or near Project

Area. No recent


Zanda funerea whiteae

(Yellow-tailed Black

Cockatoo)

VU 1 2013

Occupies diverse habitats

including coastal, inland and

alpine, eucalypt forest,

woodland and rainforest

(Morcombe 2021).

Likely

Species and species

habitat occurs in

Project Area,

particularly in

community A2. Recent

record within 5 km.



EPBC Act; Ex = Extinct, CR = Critically endangered, EN = Endangered; VU = Vulnerable; M = Migratory

3 = marine species; 4 wetland species

The Cape Barren Goose (SA: Rare) is a large grazing bird found coastally and on offshore islands from the south-east

to south-western of Australia. In SA, the Cape Barren Goose was introduced to Kangaroo Island in the 1920s and 1930s

following a decline in their numbers due to hunting (Natural Resources Kangaroo Island, Undated). Bird surveys

undertaken as part of the Coorong Lower Lakes Murray Mouth (CLLMM) Recovery Project detected Cape Barren Geese

at a site 1.6 km from the Project Area in 2015, however no habitat details were available (NatureMaps 2021). Habitat

which they are known to utilise such as coastal pastures, occur nearby the Project Area, but as these birds are transitory

and migrant, moving to the mainland in their non-breeding season, it is unlikely the road works will have any impact

on this species.

Purple-gaped Honeyeaters (SA: Rare) are a locally nomadic species known to occur in mallee habitats with a shrubby

understorey, foraging in the foliage for insects and nectar (Morcombe, 2003). A record was identified within 1.3km of

the Project Area in 2014. It is likely that this species occurs within the Project Area and utilises the habitat found within

VA A2.

The Elegant Parrot (SA: Rare) has several recent records around the Coorong including a record less than 500 m from

the Project Area in 2013. Favoured habitat includes woodland and lightly timbered grassland, as well as mallee and

partly cleared farmland, where it feeds on the ground and utilises small hollows for nesting. It is likely that this species

utilises habitat within the Project Area from time to time.

The Diamond Firetail (SA: Vulnerable) is a charismatic species which is known to utilise mallee and roadsides where it

forages in small groups on the ground for seeds. It is known to be declining in South Australia and is considered near-

threatened nationally, with threats including habitat clearance, loss of native food resources and feral cat predation

(Grace Hodder, Undated). Bird surveys undertaken as part of the Coorong Lower Lakes Murray Mouth (CLLMM)

Recovery Project detected 2 individuals within 500 m of the Project Area in Spring 2013 (NatureMaps 2021). While

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there are few other records within the surrounding area it is likely that this species occasionally utilises habitat within

the Project Area.

Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoos (SA: Vulnerable) are nomadic birds which cover large distances in search of food

resources including seeds and insect larvae. They are known to utilise a wide range of habitat, and several records have

been made within the region, including one within 5 km (denatured due to species sensitivity) in 2013. Some habitat

within the Project Area may be suitable for feeding, however there is no suitable hollows (large) for breeding habitat.

4.2.5. Listed migratory fauna

The PMST search within 5 km of the Project Area identified 25 migratory species as possibly occurring. Twelve of these

have already been assessed under the EPBC Act (4.2.3) or NPW Act (4.2.4) listed threatened fauna, and are not

considered further in this section.

Three bird species were considered to be unlikely within the Project Area, being marine or wetland species with no

suitable habitat in the Project Area, and if present, restricted to flyovers only.

Of the remaining nine bird species, six were considered possible, one likely, and two known to be present based on

recent records in the Project Area or very close by (Table 12), with potential impacts discussed further below.

Table 12. Listed migratory fauna (excluding those already considered under the EPBC Act or NPW Act as threatened)

Species (common

name)

EPBC

Act

NPW

Act

Data

source

Date of last

record/PMST

category


preferences



Birds

Anous stolidus3

(Common Noddy) M 5 Likely

Coastal waters near island

colonies. Oceanic

(Morcombe, 2021)

Unlikely

Marine species.

Flyover only.

Apus pacificus3

(Fork-tailed Swift) M 5 Likely

Aerial, utilising airspace over

varied habitat, unlikely to

utilise terrestrial habitats in

Australia (Morcombe 2021)

Possible.

Flyover only. Not likely

to utilise terrestrial

habitat in the Project

Area

Calidris alba4

(Sanderling) M 5

Known to

occur

Open sandy beaches washed

by ocean swells (Morcombe

2021).

Unlikely

No suitable habitat

within the Project

Area.

Calidris ruficollis4

(Red-necked Stint) M 5,1

Known to

occur

2012

Diverse habitats, tidal and

inland, mudflats, salt marshes,

beaches, saltfields, temporary

floodwaters (Morcombe

2021).

Present

Species or species


records within or


Charadrius bicinctus4

(Double-banded

Plover)

M 5,1

Known to

occur

2010

Tidal mudflats, beaches,

exposed reefs, saltmarshes,

freshwater wetlands, inland

salt lakes, short grass of golf

Present

Species or species


records within or


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courses and airfields

(Morcombe, 2021).

Charadrius veredus4

(Oriental Plover) M 5

Known to

occur

Open grassland, claypans or

gibberstone plains.

Occasionally tidal mudflats.

Known to utilise recently

burnt dense spinifex

vegetation or heath habitat

(Morcombe, 2021).

Possible

Species or species

habitat occurs in

Project Area, no


20 years.

Phalaropus lobatus4

(Red-necked

Phalarope)

M 5 Known to

occur

Infrequently comes to land,

sometimes sheltering on

coastal wetlands.

Occasionally utilises inland

brackish, saline or fresh pools

and lagoons and their muddy

margins.

Unlikely


Project Area. Marine

species, flyover only.

Philomachus

pugnax4

(Ruff)

M 5 Known to

occur

Mud flats and sedges around

fresh or saline lakes,

estuaries, tidal pools.

Possible.


no recent records


Area.

Pluvialis squatarola

(Grey Plover) M 5

Known to

occur

Coastal, usually marine

shores of estuaries or lagoons

on broad, open mudflats,

sandy bars or beaches, rock

platforms and reef flats.

Inland near the coast on

margins of salt lakes and

swamps.

Possible.


no recent records


Area

Tringa nebularia4

(Common

Greenshank)

M 5,1

Known to

occur

2012

Diverse inland and coastal

including permanent and

temporary wetlands –

billabongs, swamps, lakes,

floodplains, sewage farms,

saltworks ponds, flooded

irrigated crops, estuaries and

bays, mudflats and

mangroves (Morcombe

2021).

Likely

Suitable habitat in



Project Area.

Tringa stagnatilis4

(Marsh Sandpiper) M 5

Known to

occur

Freshwater swamps, lakes,

flooded pasture. Less

frequently, brackish waters,

occasionally mangroves

(Morcombe, 2021).

Possible

Species or species

habitat likely to occur

in or near Project

Area. No recent


Xenus cinereus4

(Terek Sandpiper) M 5

Known to

occur

Coastal mudflats in sheltered

estuaries and lagoons as well

as sandbars, reefs, coastal

swamps and salt-fields

(Morcombe 2021).

Possible

Species habitat likely

to occur in Project

Area especially

following rain events.




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Six of the bird species considered as possibly occurring within the Project Area are wetland species which have not

been recorded within 5 km of the Project Area in the last 20 years, but which may potentially utilise small patches of

suitable habitat within the Project Area from time to time, particularly if inundated due to rain events. It is mostly likely

that these species utilise the Coorong and Lower Lakes more permanent aquatic habitats, and therefore any impact to

the Project Area is considered to have a low impact on these species.

The Fork-tailed Swift is predominantly a marine bird, and though they may occur in the Project Area occasionally, it is

likely to be as flyovers only, with no suitable breeding or feeding habitat, and therefore any impacts are considered to

be low to these species.

One wetland species, the Common Greenshank, is considered likely to occur within the Project Area has been recorded

within 5 km in the last 20 years. Similarly, two wetland species, the Double-banded Plover and Red-necked Stint, are

known to be present in the Project Area, and have been recorded regularly within the last 20 years at a Coorong and

Lakes Water Birds survey site (117) on the edge of the Project Area.

All of these species may potentially utilise small patches of seasonably suitable habitat within the Project area, but are

more likely to occur in more permanent aquatic habitats of the Coorong and Lower Lakes. Therefore, any Project Area

works are considered to have minimal impact to these species.

4.3. Cumulative impacts

When exercising a power or making a decision under Division 5 of the Native Vegetation Regulations 2017, the NVC must

consider the potential cumulative impact, both direct and indirect, that is reasonably likely to result from a proposed

clearance activity.

Impacts directly related to the application includes the clearance of 2.61 hectares of native vegetation across four broad

vegetation associations.

Other indirect impacts might include:

- A short-term increase in dust accumulation on roadside plants as a result of construction work.

- Altered hydrology from a sealed road surface and added drainage, creating additional runoff to the roadside

vegetation.

- Disturbance to roadside vegetation and soil creating an increased risk of weed establishment in disturbed

areas. In the vegetation on the eastern side of the road which is largely devoid of weeds this could severely

impact the quality of bushland understorey and cause encroachment into the nearby bushland block. A weed

management plan should be considered for before, during and after construction to minimise the likelihood.

- Short-term disturbance to resident or migratory fauna species utilising the vegetation within the Project Area.

4.4. Addressing the Mitigation Hierarchy

When exercising a power or making a decision under Division 5 of the Native Vegetation Regulations 2017, the NVC must

have regard to the mitigation hierarchy. The NVC will also consider, with the aim to minimize, impacts on biological

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diversity, soil, water and other natural resources, threatened species or ecological communities under the EPBC Act or

listed species under the NP&W Act.

a) Avoidance – outline measures taken to avoid clearance of native vegetation

As clearance is for upgrades to a linear section of road it was not possible to completely avoid a particular vegetation

association based on its quality. However, where possible, drainage works have been directed toward vegetation of

lower quality, and the proponent has endeavoured to minimise clearance in sensitive areas as outlined below.

b) Minimization – if clearance cannot be avoided, outline measures taken to minimize the extent, duration

and intensity of impacts of the clearance on biodiversity to the fullest possible extent (whether the impact

is direct, indirect or cumulative).

Following provision of an Ecological Flora and Fauna assessment (EBS 2021), revisions were made to the construction

design to reduce impact to high quality remnant native vegetation found in VA A2, B1 and B2. Footprint was reduced

by a total of 0.44 hectares across the Project Area (Table 13). Changes include:

o Reducing unsealed shoulder from 1.0 m to 0.5 m

o Increasing batter slopes to 1:4 (from 1:6)

Table 13. Project impact footprint reductions

Vegetation

Association

Initial impact

footprint (ha)

Reduced impact

footprint (ha) Reduction

A1 0.93 0.82 0.11

A2 0.45 0.37 0.08

A2b 0.33 0.32 0.01

B2 0.33 0.29 0.04

B2b 0.31 0.29 0.02

B1 0.7 0.52 0.18

Total 3.05 ha 2.61 ha 0.44 ha

Additionally, the proponent will implement the following management actions to further mitigate impacts of

construction to native flora and fauna:

Impact Management Action Timing Responsibility

Over-clearing

Clearly identify and mark the extent of permitted

vegetation clearing and areas of native vegetation

to be retained, with particular attention to VA A1

to avoid impacts to nearby RAMSAR listed wetland

site.

All personnel inducted to be aware that

disturbance of vegetation outside the approved

clearing are could have legislative consequences,

Records of inductions kept on file.

Pre-construction

Proponent

Contractors

Damage to native

vegetation outside the

impact footprint

Construction contractors will have a site-specific

Construction Operation Environmental Pre-construction

Proponent

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Management Plan (COEMP) to mitigate

environmental risks, which may include actions

such as:

- Stockpile and compound sites to be

located away from water, on level ground,

and on previously disturbed land;

- Vehicles and machinery restricted to

existing tracks and disturbed areas

Construction Contractor/s

Harm to wildlife and

threatened species

Targeted field surveys for EPBC listed threatened

flora (Pterostylis arenicola and Thelymitra

epipactoides, Senecio macrocarpus) in Project Area

are recommended prior to commencement of

construction works (if deemed necessary by NVC).

Stop work procedures will be implemented if

species identified as being CE is determined to be

present on the site at time of clearance (i.e. Orange

Bellied Parrot).

Pre-construction

Construction

Proponent

Contractor/s

Soil and erosion

management

Construction contractors will have a site specific

COEMP to mitigate environmental risks.

Road works activities should be undertaken as per

the guidelines set out in the Coorong District

Council Roadside Vegetation Management Plan

(2010).

Drainage swales will be designed to reduce

sediment deposition into native vegetation.

Pre-construction

Construction

Post-construction

Proponent

Contractor/s

Introduction and spread of

weeds

Construction contractors will have a site specific

COEMP to mitigate environmental risks, which may

include:

- Clean machinery prior to entering site;

- Obtaining roadworks fill material from site

free of weed seed.

Additionally, it is recommended that construction

works are followed up with a weed management

plan to minimise risk of weed invasion in disturbed

areas, particularly to prevent degradation of

vegetation of higher conservation value on the

southern and eastern sides of Seven Mile Road.

Pre-construction

Construction

Post-construction

Proponent

Contractor/s

c) Rehabilitation or restoration – outline measures taken to rehabilitate ecosystems that have been

degraded, and to restore ecosystems that have been degraded, or destroyed by the impact of clearance

that cannot be avoided or further minimized, such as allowing for the re-establishment of the vegetation.

The road upgrade is a permanent land clearance and is unlikely to the rehabilitated or restored.

d) Offset – any adverse impact on native vegetation that cannot be avoided or further minimized should be

offset by the achievement of a significant environmental benefit that outweighs that impact.

The NVC will only consider an offset once avoidance, minimization and restoration have been documented and

fulfilled. The SEB Policy explains the biodiversity offsetting principles that must be met.

http://nvcms.sa.gov.au/NVIS/userdefined/edit.aspx?id=%7b0C9BCB0C-3CC4-E711-87E0-005056A31A6A%7d&etc=10015

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The adverse impacts to native vegetation that cannot be avoided or minimised will be offset through the

achievement of a SEB that outweighs the proposed impact.

4.5. Principles of Clearance (Schedule 1, Native Vegetation Act

1991)

The Native Vegetation Council will consider Principles 1(b), 1(c) and 1(d) when assigning a level of Risk under Regulation

16 of the Native Vegetation Regulations. The Native Vegetation Council will consider all the Principles of clearance of

the Act as relevant, when considering an application referred under the Planning, Development and Infrastructure Act

2016.

Table 14. Assessment against the Principles of Clearance.

Principle of

clearance Considerations

Principle 1(b)

– significance

as a habitat

for wildlife

Relevant information

No threatened species were recorded using the Project Area during the field survey. Nine fauna

species were observed in the Project Area during field survey, two of which are introduced

species.

EPBC listed threatened species were identified as possibly occurring in the Project Area:

Calidris ferruginea (Curlew Sandpiper) (2010)

Calidris tenuirostris (Great Knot),

Limosa lapponica ssp. baueri (Bar-tailed Godwit),

Neophema chrysogaster (Orange-bellied Parrot) (1998),

Numenius madagascariensis (Eastern Curlew);

Sternula nereis (Fairy Tern) (2011);

Thinornis cucullatus cucullatus (Hooded Plover) (2009).

Eleven State threatened bird species (NPW Act) have also been observed since 1995 within

5 km of the Project Areas (<1km reliability, BDBSA Recordset number

DEWNRBDBSA210707-1).

Arenaria interpres (Ruddy Turnstone) (2009);

Biziura lobata menziesi (Musk Duck) (2007)

Cereopsis novaehollandiae novaehollandiae (Cape Barren Goose) (2015);

Cladorhynchus leucocephalus (Banded Stilt) (2012);

Egretta garzetta (Little Egret) (2009);

Haematopus longirostris (Pied Oystercatcher) (2014);

Lichenostomus cratitius occidentalis (Purple-gaped Honeyeater) *mainland (2014)

Neophema elegans (Elegant Parrot) (2016);

Podiceps cristatus (Greater Crested Grebe) (2012);

Stagonopleura guttata (Diamond Firetail) (2013);

Zanda funerea whiteae (Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo) (2013).

Migratory threatened bird species (NPW Act) have also been observed since 1995 within 5

km of the Project Areas (<1km reliability, BDBSA Recordset number

DEWNRBDBSA210707-1).

Calidris ruficollis (Red-necked Stint) (2012)

Charadrius bicinctus (Double-banded Plover) (2010)

Tringa nebularia (Common Greenshank) (2012)

The Project Area occurs alongside the Coorong National Park, and has several permanent bird

survey sites nearby. Many of the threatened bird species listed as potentially occurring are

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associated with wetland / marine / aquatic environments and therefore are unlikely to utilise the

Project Area.

The Project Area occurs alongside a large block of intact native vegetation on the eastern side.

Given the connection to the large area of reserve, this roadside vegetation is unlikely to provide a

corridor for movements or a habitat refuge relative to the reserve.

A1 = 43.83

A2 = 68.44

A2b = 23.51

B1 = 64.98

B2 = 70.24

B2b = 24.78

Assessment against the principles

Seriously at Variance

- A2, B1, B2

Moderating factors that may be considered by the NVC

The clearance is unlikely to:

• Lead to a long-term decrease in the size of a population;

• Reduce the area of occupancy of the species;

• Fragment an existing population into two or more populations;

• Adversely affect habitat critical to the survival of a species;

• Modify, destroy, remove, isolate or decrease the availability or quality of habitat to the extent

that the species is likely to decline;

• Result in invasive species that are harmful to a threatened species becoming established in

the threatened species habitat; and

Interfere with the recovery of the species.

Principle 1(c)

– plants of a

rare,

vulnerable or

endangered

species


No threatened plant species were recorded for the site or may have been present but

undetectable at the time of assessment.

Three EPBC Listed Threatened species (Pterostylis arenicola, Thelymitra epipactoides and Senecio

macrocarpus), and were assessed as possibly occurring within the Project Area, though none had

recent records within 5km of the Project Area. Given their relative lack of distributional

information, minimal historical survey effort in the area, and suitability of habitat, targeted spring

surveys prior to construction could ensure these species were not present within the Project

Area.

Threatened Flora Score – 0


Not at variance


N/A

Principle 1(d)

– the

vegetation


No threatened communities under the EPBC Act or threatened ecosystems under the DEW

Provisional list of threatened ecosystems are present within the Project Area

Threatened Community Score - 1

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comprises the

whole or

part of a

plant

community

that is Rare,

Vulnerable or

endangered


Not at Variance


N/A

Principles of Clearance (h-m) will be considered by comments provided by the local NRM Board or relevant Minister.

The Data Report should contain information on these principles where relevant and where sufficient information or

expertise is available.

4.6. Risk assessment

The level of risk associated with the application

Table 15. Summary of the level of risk associated with the application.

Total

clearance

No. of trees -

Area (ha) 2.61

Total biodiversity Score 130.132

Seriously at variance with principle

1(b), 1(c) or 1 (d) 1(b)

Risk assessment outcome Level 4

https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/C/A/NATIVE%20VEGETATION%20ACT%201991/CURRENT/1991.16.UN.PDF

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5. Clearance summary Clearance Area(s) Summary table

Summaries provided in this table are as estimate as the loading for the Murray River Act has been applied as 0.5, but

we are still waiting on confirmation from Native Vegetation Branch.

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SEB

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A 1 26 1 0 0.1 43.83 0.82 35.94 1 0 0 37.73 $22,994.84 $1,264.72

A 2 26 1 0 0.1 68.44 0.37 25.32 1 0 0 26.59 $16,166.95 $889.18

A 2b 16 1 0 0.1 23.51 0.32 7.52 1 0 0 7.9 $4,083.66 $264.20

B 2 26 1 0 0.1 70.24 0.29 20.37 1 0 0 21.39 $12,948.43 $712.16

B 2b 16 1 0 0.1 24.78 0.29 7.19 1 0 0 7.55 $4,568.73 $251.28

B 1 30 1 0 0.1 64.98 0.52 33.79 1 0 0 35.48 $21,338.49 $1,173.62

Total 2.61 130.132 136.64 $82,101.10 $4,555.16

Totals summary table

Total Biodiversity score

Total SEB points required SEB Payment Admin Fee Total Payment

Application 130.132 136.64 $82,101 $4,555.16 $86,656.26

Economies of Scale Factor 0.5

Rainfall (mm) 460

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6. Significant Environmental

Benefit A Significant Environmental Benefit (SEB) is required for approval to clear under Division 5 of the Native Vegetation

Regulations 2017. The NVC must be satisfied that as a result of the loss of vegetation from the clearance that an SEB

will result in a positive impact on the environment that is over and above the negative impact of the clearance.

ACHIEVING AN SEB

Indicate how the SEB will be achieved by ticking the appropriate box and providing the associated information:

Establish a new SEB Area on land owned by the proponent.

Use SEB Credit that the proponent has established.

Apply to have SEB Credit assigned from another person or body.

Apply to have an SEB to be delivered by a Third Party.

Pay into the Native Vegetation Fund.

PAYMENT SEB

If a proponent proposes to achieve the SEB by paying into the Native Vegetation Fund, summary information must be

provided on the amount required to be paid and the manner of payment:

The Coorong District Council proposes to achieve the SEB by paying into the Native Vegetation Fund. The total SEB

payment required for the clearance of 2.61 ha of native vegetation is $86, 656.26, which includes an administration fee

of $4,555.16 including GST.

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7. References / Bibliography Approved Conservation Advice (2008) Approved Conservation Advice for Caladenia conferta (Coast Spider-orchid).

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Bonney N.B. (1995) An introduction to the identification of native flora in the lower south east of South Australia. Revised

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Clemann N. and Gillespie G.R. (2012) National Recovery Plan for the Southern Bell Frog Litoria raniformis. Department

of Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne. Available at:

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b80494662f64/files/litoria-raniformis.pdf [Accessed 11/02/2021]

Coorong District Council (2010) Roadside Vegetation Management Plan. Available at: Microsoft Word - RVMP - June

2010.doc (coorong.sa.gov.au) [Accessed: 15/02/2021]

Coorong District Council (Undated) Controlling Acacia saligna around the Lower Lakes. Available at: Microsoft Word -

Control of Golden Wreath Wattle Final2.doc (gwlap.org.au) [Accessed 16/02/2021]

Croft SJ, Pedler JA, Milne TI (2007) Bushland Condition Monitoring Manual – Northern Agricultural & Yorke Peninsula

Regions. Nature Conservation Society of South Australia, Adelaide.

Croft SJ, Pedler JA, Milne TI (2008a) Bushland Condition Monitoring Manual – Eyre Peninsula Region. Nature

Conservation Society of South Australia, Adelaide.

Croft SJ, Pedler JA, Milne TI (2008b) Bushland Condition Monitoring Manual – Southern Mt Lofty Ranges Region.

Nature Conservation Society of South Australia, Adelaide.

Croft SJ, Pedler JA, Milne TI (2009) Bushland Condition Monitoring Manual – Murray Darling Basin Region. Nature


Cutten JL, Hodder MW (2002) Scattered tree clearance assessment in South Australia: streamlining, guidelines for

assessment and rural industry extension. Biodiversity Assessment Services, Department of Water, Land and

Biodiversity Conservation, Adelaide.

Department for Environment and Water (DEW) (2020) NatureMaps. Available at:

http://data.environment.as.gov.au/NatureMaps/Pages/default.aspx [Accessed 11/02/2021].

Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (DAWE) (2020) Protected Matters Search Tool. Available at:

https://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/protected-matters-search-tool [Accessed 13/01/2021]

Department of the Environment and Energy (DotEE) (2019) National Recovery Plan for the Australian Fairy Tern (Sternula

nereis nereis). Commonwealth of Australia.

Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) (2016) National Recovery Plan for the Orange-bellied

Parrot, Neophema chrysogaster. Australian Government, Canberra.

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http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/55000-conservation-advice.pdf

http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/9b960bf4-cc03-4ee9-b1a4-b80494662f64/files/litoria-raniformis.pdf

http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/9b960bf4-cc03-4ee9-b1a4-b80494662f64/files/litoria-raniformis.pdf

https://www.coorong.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/524462/RVMP_-_June_2010.pdf

https://www.coorong.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/524462/RVMP_-_June_2010.pdf

http://www.gwlap.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Control-of-Golden-Wreath-Wattle-Final2.pdf

http://www.gwlap.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Control-of-Golden-Wreath-Wattle-Final2.pdf

http://data.environment.as.gov.au/NatureMaps/Pages/default.aspx

https://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/protected-matters-search-tool

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Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH, now DEW) (2008a) Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Threatened

Species Profile: Austrostipa echinata, Spiny Spear-grass. Biodiversity Conservation Unit, Adelaide. Available at:

https://www.landscape.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/plants_and_animals/threatened_plants/pa-fact-

pafactaustrostipaechinata.pdf [Accessed: 2/02/2021]

Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH, now DEW) (2008b) Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Threatened

Species Profile: Caladenia colorata, Coloured Spider-orchid. Biodiversity Conservation Unit, Adelaide. Available

at:

http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:j_yHs16AGO8J:www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/41

43e376-d5ff-4ced-959e-9ff700ded260/pa-fact-pafactcaladeniacolorata.pdf+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au

[Accessed: 2/02/2021]

Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH, now DEW) (Undated) Threatened Flora of the South Australian Murray

Darling Basin: Metallic Sun-orchid, Thelymitra epipactoides. Biodiversity Conservation Programs, Adelaide.

Available at:

https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/plants_and_animals/metallic_sunorchid.pdf

[Accessed: 2/02/2021]

Department of the Environment (2014) Consultation Document of Listing Eligibility and Conservation Actions Calidris

ferruginea (curlew sandpiper). Available at: http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/4733bf67-

5f21-4dcf-9246-79601cfed84d/files/curlew-sandpiper-consultation.pdf [Accessed: 12/02/2021]

Department of Sustainability and Environment (2009) Action Statement: Large-fruit Fireweed, Senecio macrocarpus. Flora

and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 No. 68 (Revised in 2009). Melbourne. Available at:

https://www.environment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/32628/Large-

fruit_Fireweed_Senecio_macrocarpus.pdf [Accessed: 2/02/02/2021]

Duncan M. and Coates F. (2010) Draft National Recovery Plan for Twenty-one Threatened Orchids in South-eastern

Australia. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE). Melbourne. Available

at:

https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/plants_and_animals/flora_recovery_plans/thr_or

chids_rp_dft_for_comment_2010nov.pdf [Accessed: 02/02/2021]

Grace Hodder (Undated), The Diamond Firetail. Nature Conservation Society of South Australia. Available at: The

Diamond Firetail (ncssa.asn.au) [Accessed: 11/02/2021]

Landscape South Australia (2015) Native plant – Sandhill greenhood orchid. Murraylands and Riverland. Available at:

https://www.landscape.sa.gov.au/mr/publications/native-plant-sandhill-greenhood-orchid [Accessed:

02/02/2021]

EBS Ecology (2021) Seven Mile Road Upgrade Ecological Flora and Fauna Assessment. Report to Coorong District

Council. EBS Ecology, Adelaide.

Milne TI, Croft T (2012) Bushland Condition Monitoring Manual – Benchmark Communities of the South East. Nature


Native Vegetation Council (NVC) (2019) Guidelines for the Management of Roadside Native Vegetation and Regrowth

Vegetation, Under Native Vegetation Regulation 11(23). Government of South Australia.

https://www.landscape.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/plants_and_animals/threatened_plants/pa-fact-pafactaustrostipaechinata.pdf

https://www.landscape.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/plants_and_animals/threatened_plants/pa-fact-pafactaustrostipaechinata.pdf

http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:j_yHs16AGO8J:www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/4143e376-d5ff-4ced-959e-9ff700ded260/pa-fact-pafactcaladeniacolorata.pdf+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au

http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:j_yHs16AGO8J:www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/4143e376-d5ff-4ced-959e-9ff700ded260/pa-fact-pafactcaladeniacolorata.pdf+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au

https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/plants_and_animals/metallic_sunorchid.pdf

http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/4733bf67-5f21-4dcf-9246-79601cfed84d/files/curlew-sandpiper-consultation.pdf

http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/4733bf67-5f21-4dcf-9246-79601cfed84d/files/curlew-sandpiper-consultation.pdf

https://www.environment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/32628/Large-fruit_Fireweed_Senecio_macrocarpus.pdf

https://www.environment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/32628/Large-fruit_Fireweed_Senecio_macrocarpus.pdf

https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/plants_and_animals/flora_recovery_plans/thr_orchids_rp_dft_for_comment_2010nov.pdf

https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/plants_and_animals/flora_recovery_plans/thr_orchids_rp_dft_for_comment_2010nov.pdf

https://www.ncssa.asn.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=362:the-diamond-firetail-stagonopleura-guttata&catid=103&Itemid=385

https://www.ncssa.asn.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=362:the-diamond-firetail-stagonopleura-guttata&catid=103&Itemid=385

https://www.landscape.sa.gov.au/mr/publications/native-plant-sandhill-greenhood-orchid

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National Environmental Science Program Threatened Species Research Hub (2019) Threatened Species Strategy Year

3 Scorecard – Orange-bellied Parrot. Australian Government, Canberra. Available

at:http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/31bff517-9bdd-4efe-84f0-1153898c619e/files/orange-

bellied-parrot-year-3-scorecard.pdf [Accessed: 11/02/2021]

Native Vegetation Council (NVC) (2020a) Bushland Assessment Manual July 2020. Native Vegetation Council,

Adelaide. Available at: https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/topics/native-vegetation/clearing/vegetation-

assessments.

New Zealand Birds Online (2013) Salvin’s mollymawk. Available at: http://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/salvins-

mollymawk [Accessed: 02/02/2021]

Obst C. (2005) South Australian Murray Darling Basin Threatened Flora Recovery Plan. Report to the Threatened Species

and Communities Section, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra.

Available at:

https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/plants_and_animals/flora_recovery_plans/samd

b_thr_fl_rec_plan_05jun.pdf [Accessed: 02/02/2021]

Sinclair S. J. (2010) National Recovery Plan for the Large-fruit Groundsel Seneio macrocarpus. Department of

Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne.

Thackway R. and Cresswell I.D. (Eds.) (1995). An interim biogeographic regionalisation for Australia: a framework for

setting priorities in the national reserves system cooperative program. Australian Nature Conservation Agency,

Canberra. Available at:

http://www.environment.gov.au/node/14497#:~:text=The%20name%20%22Buloke%20Woodlands%20of%20

the%20Riverina%20and,facing%20similar%20levels%20of%20threats%20throughout%20the%20bioregions.

[Accessed: 12/02/2021]

http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/31bff517-9bdd-4efe-84f0-1153898c619e/files/orange-bellied-parrot-year-3-scorecard.pdf

http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/31bff517-9bdd-4efe-84f0-1153898c619e/files/orange-bellied-parrot-year-3-scorecard.pdf

https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/topics/native-vegetation/clearing/vegetation-assessments

https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/topics/native-vegetation/clearing/vegetation-assessments

http://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/salvins-mollymawk

http://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/salvins-mollymawk

https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/plants_and_animals/flora_recovery_plans/samdb_thr_fl_rec_plan_05jun.pdf

https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/plants_and_animals/flora_recovery_plans/samdb_thr_fl_rec_plan_05jun.pdf

http://www.environment.gov.au/node/14497#:~:text=The%20name%20%22Buloke%20Woodlands%20of%20the%20Riverina%20and,facing%20similar%20levels%20of%20threats%20throughout%20the%20bioregions

http://www.environment.gov.au/node/14497#:~:text=The%20name%20%22Buloke%20Woodlands%20of%20the%20Riverina%20and,facing%20similar%20levels%20of%20threats%20throughout%20the%20bioregions

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8. Appendices Appendix 1. Bushland Assessment Scoresheets associated with the proposed clearance. Six attachments:

o BAM_A1_Coorong Subregion_V2

o BAM_A2_Coorong Subregion_V2

o BAM_A2b_Coorong Subregion_V2

o BAM_B1_Narrung Subregion_V2

o BAM_B2_Narrung Subregion_V2

o BAM_B2b_Narrung Subregion_V2

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Appendix 2. Fauna Species List

List of fauna observed on site during field survey (including identifiable tracks / traces).

Species Common Name

Native

Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill

Anthus australis Australian Pipit

Corvus coronoides Australian Raven

Epthianura albifrons White-fronted Chat

Gavicalis virescens Singing Honeyeater

Malurus cyaneus Superb Fairywren

Rhipidura albiscapa Grey Fantail

Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail

Introduced

Oryctolagus cuniculus European Rabbit

Vulpes vulpes Red Fox

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Appendix 3. Flora Species List

List of native and introduced flora species recorded on field survey, and corresponding vegetation association.

Species Common Name A1 A2 A2b B2 B2b B1

Native Flora

Acacia cupularis Cup Wattle Y Y Y Y

Acacia longifolia ssp. Sallow Wattle Y Y Y Y Y

Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle Y Y

Adriana quadripartita Coast Bitter-bush Y Y Y Y Y

Austrostipa sp. Spear-grass Y Y Y Y Y Y

Banksia marginata Silver Banksia Y Y

Baumea juncea Bare Twig-rush Y Y Y

Billardiera cymosa ssp. Sweet Apple-berry Y Y Y Y Y

Bursaria spinosa ssp. Sweet Bursaria Y Y

Carpobrotus rossii Native Pigface Y Y Y Y Y

Cassytha sp. Dodder-laurel Y Y Y Y Y

Choretrum glomeratum White Sour-bush Y

Clematis microphylla Old Man's Beard Y Y Y Y Y

Dampiera rosmarinifolia Rosemary Dampiera Y Y

Dianella brevicaulis Short-stem Flax-lily Y Y Y Y Y Y

Dianella revoluta var. revoluta Black-anther Flax-lily Y

Distichlis distichophylla Emu-grass

Dodonaea viscosa ssp. Sticky Hop-bush Y Y

Enchyleana tomentosa var Ruby Saltbush Y Y

Eucalyptus diversifolia ssp. Diversifolia Coastal White Mallee Y Y Y Y Y

Eucalyptus incrassata Ridge-fruited Mallee Y Y

Exocarpos syrticola Coast Cherry Y Y

Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-rush Y Y

Frankenia pauciflora var. Southern Sea-heath Y

Gahnia filum Thatching Grass Y

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Gahnia lanigera Black Grass Saw-sedge Y Y

Hakea vittata Limestone Needlebush Y Y Y Y

Haloragis acutangula f. Smooth Raspwort Y Y

Hibbertia sericea Silky-guinea flower Y Y

Hibbertia sp. Guinea-flower Y Y

Kunzea pomifera Muntries Y Y Y Y Y

Lepidosperma gladiatum Coast Sword-sedge Y

Lepidosperma sp. Sword-sedge Y Y

Leucophyta brownii Coast Cushion Bush Y

Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heath Y Y

Lomandra effusa Scented Mat-rush Y Y

Melaleuca brevifolia Short-leaf Honey-myrtle Y

Melaleuca lanceolata Dryland Tea-tree Y Y Y

Muehlenbeckia gunnii Coastal Climbing Lignum Y Y Y Y

Myoporum insulare Common Boobialla Y Y Y Y Y Y

Olearia axillaris Coast Daisy-bush Y Y Y Y Y

Pimelea serpyllifolia ssp. Serpyllifolia Thyme Riceflower Y Y Y Y Y

Pultenaea tenuifolia Narrow-leaf Bush-pea Y Y

Rhagodia candolleana ssp. Sea-berry Saltbush Y Y Y Y Y Y

Rytidosperma sp. Wallaby-grass Y Y Y Y

Samolus repens Creeping Brookweed Y

Santalum acuminatum Quandong Y Y

Senecio pinnatifolius group Variable groundsel Y

Spinifex hirsutus Rolling spinifex Y

Sporobolus virginicus Salt Couch Y

Suaeda australis Austral Seablite Y

Tecticornia sp. Samphire Y

Tetragonia implexicoma Bower Spinach Y Y Y Y Y Y

Thomasia petalocalyx Paper-flower Y Y

Threlkeldia diffusa Coast Bonefruit Y Y

Vittadinia cuneata var Fuzzy New Holland Daisy Y

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Xanthorrhoea caespitosa Sand-heath Yacca Y Y

Weed Species

Acacia cyclops Western Coastal Wattle Y

Acacia saligna Golden Wreath Wattle Y

Asphodelus fistulosus Onion Weed Y Y Y Y

Avena barbata Bearded Oat Y Y Y Y Y Y

Chondrilla juncea Skeleton Weed Y

Echium plantagineum Salvation Jane Y

Ehrharta sp. Veldt Grass Y Y Y Y Y Y

Euphorbia terracina False Caper Y Y Y Y Y Y

Hordeum marinum Sea Barley-grass Y Y Y

Lagurus ovatus Hare's Tail Grass Y Y Y Y Y Y

Limonium companyonis Sea-lavender Y

Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn Y Y Y Y

Lysimachia arvensis Pimpernel Y

Phalaris aquatica Phalaris Y Y Y

Plantago coronopus ssp Bucks-horn Plantain Y Y Y Y Y Y

Salvia verbenaca var. Wild Sage Y

Scabiosa atropurpurea Pincushion Y Y Y Y Y Y

Solanum linnaeanum Apple of Sodom Y

Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle Y Y Y

Sonchus sp. Sow-thistle Y Y Y

Thinopyrum elongatum Tall Wheat-grass Y

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EBS Ecology

112 Hayward Avenue

Torrensville, SA 5031

www.ebsecology.com.au

t. 08 7127 5607

native vegetation clearance seven mile road upgrade

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