Native Americans Struggle to Survive

What were the consequences of the conflict between the Native Americans

and white Settlers?

CONCENTRATION

RESERVATION

ASSIMILATION

Treaty of Fort Laramie1. What is the purpose of this treaty?

2. What are some things the government promised to the Native Americans?

3. After reading the selection in your textbook, in what ways did the government break their promise?

Concentration 1851-1867 Fort Laramie Treaty• How it affected the Native Americans

• How this policy did not work

Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1851)

ColoradoGold Rush

(1859)

Colonel John ChivingtonColonel John Chivington

Kill and scalp all, big and little!

Sandy Creek, CO Massacre

November 29, 1864

Broken Treaties

• In 1864, Colonel John Chivington attacked a band of Cheyenne at Sand Creek, CO. The Sand Creek Massacre helped ignite an era of war.

Picture taken afterconcluding peace talks, just months before the massacre

2nd Treaty of Fort Laramie1. What career did the government want

the Native Americans to pursue?

2. What were some things the government would provide to the natives on the reservation?

3. What was the role of the “agent” on the reservation?

2nd Treaty of Fort Laramie4. In Article VII the document mentions

providing school will “insure civilization.” What do you think is meant by that?

5. What is the significance of Article XI?

Reservations 1868-1886 2nd Fort Laramie Treaty• How it affected the Native Americans

• How this policy did not work

Native American Resistance• Many Sioux and Cheyenne gathered on

land set aside for them in the Black Hills of the Dakotas. When a gold strike in 1874 brought miners to the area, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse led attacks to keep whites out.

Sitting Bull

Native American Resistance

• In 1876, Colonel George Custer tried to force Native Americans (Sioux and Cheyenne) onto a reservation. He and all his men died in the Battle of Little Bighorn.

The Battle of Little Big Horn1876

The Battle of Little Big Horn1876

Chief Sitting Bull

Gen. GeorgeArmstrong

Custer

Native American Resistance

• Chief Joseph led the Nez Perces to Canada. The US Army caught them, and Chief Joseph surrendered.

CHIEF JOSEPH

Native American Resistance

• After years of war, the Navajos were defeated in 1864 in Arizona, and they were forced to move to a spot near the Pecos River.

SURVIVORS OF THE “LONG WALK”

The Ghost Dance

• In the late 1880’s, Native Americans began performing the Ghost Dance, which they believed would make their ancestors and the buffalo return and would cause the whites to leave the Plains.

The Ghost Dance

• Soldiers saw this as the beginning of an uprising. In struggle, Sitting Bull was killed. Later, troops killed nearly 200 Sioux men, women, and children at the Battle of Wounded Knee.

The Dawes Act1. What was the purpose of this act?

2. What is the importance of the act granting “equal protection under the law?”

3. According to Section 6, how can the Native Americans become a U.S. citizen?

4. What is the purpose of Section 10 in this document?

Efforts at Reform

“There is not among these three hundred bands of Indians one which has not

suffered cruelly at the hands either of the Government or of white settlers. The

poorer, the more insignificant, the more helpless the band, the more certain the

cruelty and outrage to which they have been subjected…These Indians found

themselves of a sudden surrounded by and caught up in the great influx of gold

seeking settlers, as helpless creatures on a shore are caught up in a tidal

wave…The tale of the wrongs, the oppressions, the murders…in the last thirty

years would be a volume by itself, and is too monstrous to be believed.”

In 1881, inspired by Native Americans, Helen Hunt Jackson wrote A Century of Dishonor describing the hardships of Native Americans.

Assimilation 1887-Present The Dawes Act• How it affected the Native Americans

• How this policy did not work

1. Let Jesus save you.2. Come out of your blanket, cut your hair, and

dress like a white man.3. Have a Christian family with one wife for life

only.4. Live in a house like your white brother. Work

hard and wash often.5. Learn the value of a hard-earned dollar. Do not

waste you money on giveaways. Be punctual.6. Believe that property and wealth are signs of

divine approval.7. Keep away from saloons and strong spirits.8. Speak the language of your white brother. Send

you children to school and do likewise.9. Go to church often and regularly.10. Do not go to Indian dances or to the medicine

men.

Schools for Assimilation

Indian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations Today

Bell Ringer1. Define the following policies.

1. Concentration2. Reservation3. Assimilation

2. On the reservations, the traditional chief was replaced by ____________.

3. What was the Ghost Dance?4. What was Helen Hunt Jackson known

for?5. Give an example of a time the whites

were slaughtered. An example of a time the native were slaughtered.