national vital stats report 2014

8/18/2019 National Vital Stats Report 2014

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National VitalStatistics ReportsVolume64,Number12 December23,2015

Births:

Final

Data

for

2014

by Brady E. Hamilton, Ph.D.; Joyce A. Martin, M.P.H.; Michelle J.K. Osterman, M.H.S.; Sally C. Curtin, M.A.; and T.J. Mathews, M.S.,

Divisionof VitalStatistics

andplurality.Birthandfertilityratesarepresentedbyage,livebirthorder,raceandHispanicorigin,andmaritalstatus.Selecteddataby

mother’sstateofresidenceandbirthratesbyageandraceoffatheralsoareshown. Trends in fertility patternsandmaternaland infantcharacteristicsaredescribedand interpreted.

Abstract

Objectives— This report presents 2014 data on U.S. births

accordingtoawidevarietyofcharacteristics.Dataarepresentedformaternalage,livebirthorder,raceandHispanicorigin,maritalstatus,attendantatbirth,methodofdelivery,periodofgestation,birthweight,

WA

OR

CA

NV

ID

MT

WY

UTCO

AZNM

AK

TX

OK

KS

NE

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LA

MS

TN

KY

IN

WI

MI

OH

NY

ME

IL

AL GA

FL

SC

NC

VAWV

PA

HI

CTRI

MANH

VT

DC

U.S. decline is 42%.

Decline of 40.0%–49.9%

Decline of 50% or more

Decline of 30.0%–39.9%

Decline of less than 30%

MD

DE

NJ

SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.

Figure

1.

Percent

change

in

the

birth

rate

for

females

aged

15–19:

United

States,

each

state

and

territory,

2007–2014

U.S.DEPARTMENTOFHEALTHANDHUMANSERVICES CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention

NationalCenterforHealthStatistics NationalVitalStatisticsSystem

The general fertility rate for 2014 on page 4 was corrected to read 62.9 on December 23, 2015.


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2 National VitalStatisticsReports, Vol.64, No.12,December23, 2015

Methods— Descriptivetabulationsofdatareportedonthebirthcertificates of the 3.99 million births that occurred in 2014 are

presented.Results— In 2014, 3,988,076 births were registered in the

United States, up 1% from 2013. The general fertility rate roseslightlyto62.9per1,000womenaged15–44,thefirstincreasein

theratesince2007.Theteenbirthratefell9%from2013to2014,to 24.2 per 1,000 females aged 15–19.Birth rates declined forwomenintheirearly20sbutincreasedforwomenaged25–39.Thetotal fertility rate (estimated number of births over a woman’slifetime)roseslightlyto1,862.5birthsper1,000women.Thebirth

rateforunmarriedwomendeclinedforthesixthstraightyear.Thecesareandeliveryratedeclinedto32.2%.Thepretermbirthratedeclined1%to9.57%,butthelowbirthweightratewasessentiallyunchangedat8.00%.The2014twinbirthratewas33.9per1,000

births, a new high for the United States; the triplet and higherorder multiple b ir th rate dropped 5% to 113.5 per 100,000totalbirths.

Keywords:birthcertificate•maternalandinfanthealth •birthrates•

maternalcharacteristics

Highlights

+ A totalof3,988,076birthswereregistered intheUnitedStatesin2014,up1%from2013.Thenumberofbirthsroseamongeach of the largest race and Hispanic origin groups (nonHispanicwhite,nonHispanicblack,andHispanicwomen)from2013to2014.

+ Thegeneralfertilityrateroselessthan1%from2013to62.9birthsper1,000womenaged15–44.Thetotalfertilityratealsorosein2014,to1,862.5birthsper1,000women.

+

Thebirth

rate

for

teenagers

aged

15–19

declined9%from2013to2014,to24.2birthsper1,000femalesaged15–19,yetanotherhistoriclowforthenation;ratesdeclinedforteenagersinallraceandHispanicorigingroups.

+ Birthratesalsodeclinedtoarecordlowforwomenintheirearly

20sin2014.Ratesroseforwomenintheirlate20s,30s,andearly40sfrom2013through2014;therateforwomenintheirlate40swasunchanged.

+ Themeanageofmotheratfirstbirthroseagainin2014to26.3,

upfrom26.0in2013.+ Thebirthrateforunmarriedwomenfellforthesixthconsecutive

year,to43.9per1,000unmarriedwomenaged15–44in2014.The number of nonmarital births increased 1% from 2013 to

1,604,870birthsin2014.Thepercentageofbirthstounmarriedwomenwasdown1%,to40.2%in2014.

+ Thecesareandeliveryratedeclinedforthesecondstraightyearto32.2%ofallU.S.birthsin2014.DeclinesincesareandeliverieswereseenforeachofthelargestraceandHispanicorigingroups

from2013through2014.+ Thepretermbirthrate(lessthan37weeks)was9.57%in2014,

downslightlyfrom2013anddown8%from2007.Thepretermrateamongsingletonbirthshasdeclined10%since2007.

+ The2014rateof lowbirthweight(lessthan2,500grams)was8.00%,essentiallyunchangedfrom2013,but3%lowerthanthe2006high(8.26%).

+ The twinbirth ratewas33.9per1,000in2014,whichwas

notsignificantlyhigherthantheratefor2013(33.7),butwasa new high for the nation. The triplet and higher-order

multiplebirthrate(triplet/+)droppedanother5%in2014to113.5per100,000birthsandisdownbymorethan40%sincethe1998high.

Introduction

This reportpresents detailed data on numbers and charac-teristics of births in 2014, birth and ferti lity rates, maternaldemographic and health characteristics, place and attendant at

birth,andinfanthealthcharacteristics. A reportofpreliminarybirthstatisticsfor2014presenteddataonselectedtopicsbasedonasubstantialsample(99.71%)of2014births(1).Inadditiontothetabulations included in this report, more detailed analysis is

possible by using the natality publicuse file issued each year.Thedatafilemaybedownloadedfrom:http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htm (2).Thepublicusefiledoesnotinclude geographic detail; a file with this information may be

available upon special request (3). Bir th data may also beaccessed via VitalStats, a data access and analysis tool, thatincludes birth data for 1990 through 2014, with more than 100variables, including geographic information by state and for

countieswithpopulationsof100,000ormore(4).

1989and2003revisionsofU.S.StandardCertificateofLiveBirth

This report includes2014 data onitems that are collected onboththe1989revisionoftheU.S.StandardCertificateofLiveBirth(unrevised) and the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate

of Live Birth (revised). The 2003 revision is described in detailelsewhere(5,6).

Fortyseven states, the District of Columbia (DC), and threeterritoriesimplementedthe revised birth certificateas of January 1,

2014.NewJerseyimplementedtherevisedbirthcertificatein2014,butafterJanuary1. Twostates,ConnecticutandRhodeIsland,remainedon the1989standardbirthcertificate in 2014. The 47 fullyrevisedstatesandDCrepresent96%ofall2014births.

This report presents information on selected data ite

comparable between the 1989 and 2003 birth certificate revisioInformation on topics comparable between revisions but not p

sented in this report (e.g., day of birth, month of birth, andcongenitalanomalies)canbefoundintheInternettables (seeList

ofInternetTables) andin thepublicusemicrodatafilesforeachdata year (2) . Recent reports and data releases presentinformationonitemsexclusivetothe2003birthcertificaterevision

and not previouslyavailablefromtheNational CenterforHealth

Statistics [e.g., use of infertility therapies, Women, Infants, andChildren(WIC)food,sourceofpaymentforthedelivery,maternalmorbidity, and breast-feeding] for years 2009–2013 (2,7–11).

Theseandotheritemsexclusivetothe2003revisionareshownintheUserGuide(11).Recentreportsalsoassessthequalityofthe2003revisedmedicalandhealthbirthcertificatedata(9,10).

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htm


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3National VitalStatisticsReports, Vol.64, No.12,December23, 2015

2014

2010200019901980197019601950194019301920

B i r t h s ( m i l l i o n s )

R a

t e p er 1 , 0 0 0 w om en a g e d 1 5 –4 4

0

40

80

120

160

200

0

1

2

3

4

5

Number

Rate

NOTE: Beginning with 1959, trend lines are based on registered live births; trend lines for 1920–1958 are based on live births adjusted for underregistration.SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.

Figure2.Livebirthsandgeneral fertilityrates:UnitedStates,1920–2014

Methods

Data shown in this report are based on 100% of the birth

certificatesregisteredinallstatesandDC.Morethan99%ofbirthsoccurringinthis countryare registered (11). Tablesshowingdatabystate also provide separate information for Puerto Rico, VirginIslands, Guam, American Samoa, and Commonwealth of theNorthernMarianas.Theseareas,however,arenotincludedin totals

fortheUnitedStates.RaceandHispanicoriginarereportedindependentlyonthebirth

certificate.IntabulationsofbirthdatabyraceandHispanicorigin,dataforHispanicpersonsarenot further classifiedby racebecausethe

majorityofwomenofHispanicoriginarereportedaswhite.Mosttablesin this report show data for the categories of nonHispanic white,nonHispanicblack,andHispanic.DataforbirthsarealsopresentedinsometablesforAmericanIndianorAlaskaNative(AIAN)andAsian

orPacificIslander(API);forspecificHispanicgroupsMexican,PuertoRican, Cuban, andCentral andSouthAmerican; and forother andunknown Hispanic. Data for AIAN and API births are not shownseparatelyby Hispanic originbecause themajority ofthesepopulationsarenonHispanic. Textreferencestoblackbirthsandblackmothersor

towhitebirthsandwhitemothersareusedinterchangeablyforeaseinwriting;seeTechnicalNotes.

The2003revisionoftheU.S.StandardCertificateofLiveBirthallowsthereportingofmorethanonerace(multipleraces)foreach

parent (5) inaccordancewith therevisedstandards issuedby theOfficeofManagementandBudget(OMB)in1997(12).SeeTechnicalNotesandtheUserGuide(11)fordetailedinformationonthe2014multiple

racereportingareaandmethodsusedtobridgeresponsesforthosewhoreportmorethanoneracetoasinglerace.

Inthisreport,thetotalnumberofbirthsincludesbirthstowomen

uptoage64.Intablesthatincludeageofmother, theoldestagegroupsshown(40–54,45–49,45–54,or50–54)includebirthstomothersuptoage64.Forinformationonlevelsofincompletereportingbystate,seetheUserGuide(11).Forinformationonthemeasurementofdata

itemsshown in this report and theInternettables,imputationtechniquesused,computationof derivedstatistics,anddefinitionsofterms,seetheUserGuide(11).

The2014populationestimatesforthespecificHispanicpopulation

groupsderivedfromtheAmericanCommunitySurveywerenotavail-ableasofthepreparationofthisreport.Accordingly,birthandfertilityratesforthesegroupsarenotshowninthisreportbutwillbeavailableinforthcomingexpandedTables 5, 7, 8,and14.Formoreinformation

onpopulationsforHispanicgroups,seeTechnicalNotes andtheUser

Guide(11).

DemographicCharacteristics

Birthsandbirthrates

Numberofbirths

The number ofregistered births in the United States for 2014was 3,988,076, 1%morebirths than in2013 (3,932,181) (Tables 1


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TableA.Birthrates forwomenaged10–19,byageandraceandHispanicoriginofmother:UnitedStates,1991,2007,2013,and2014

[Ratesper1,000womeninspecifiedageandrace andHispanicorigingroup.PopulationestimatedasofJuly1]

AgeandraceandYear Percentchange

Hispanicoriginofmother 2014 2013 2007 1991 2013–2014 2007–2014 1991–2014

10–14

Allracesandorigins1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.4 †NonHispanicwhite2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 †NonHispanicblack2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.7 1.4 4.9 –14

AmericanIndianorAlaskaNativetotal 2,3 . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.6 –25AsianorPacificIslandertotal2,3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 †Hispanic4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.5 1.2 2.4 –20

15–19

Allracesandorigins1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 26.5 41.5 61.8 –9NonHispanicwhite2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3 18.6 27.2 43.4 –7NonHispanicblack2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 39.0 62.0 118.2 –11AmericanIndianorAlaskaNativetotal 2,3 . . . . . . . . . 27.3 31.1 49.3 84.1 –12AsianorPacificIslandertotal2,3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 8.7 14.8 27.3 –11Hispanic4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 41.7 75.3 104.6 –9

15–17


18–19


–50–50–57

–57–50–67

–42–36–44–45–48–50

–50–44–52–49–55–57

–39–35–42–44–44–47

–79–80–88

–81–88–83

–61–60–70–68–72–64

–72–72–81–75–80–72

–53–53–62–64–67–57

†Differencenotstatisticallysignificant.1IncludesbirthstoraceandHispanicorigingroupsnotshownseparately,suchaswhiteHispanicandblackHispanicwomen,andbirthswithoriginnotstated.2RaceandHispanicoriginarereportedseparatelyonbirthcertificates.PersonsofHispanicoriginmaybeof anyrace.Racecategoriesareconsistentwith1977OfficeofManagementandBudget(OMB)standards.FortyninestatesandtheDistrictofColumbiareportedmultipleracedatain2014.Themultipleracedataforthesestateswerebridgedtothesingleracecategoriesofthe1977OMBstandardsforcomparabilitywithotherstates;see TechnicalNotes.Multipleracereportingareasvaryfor2007,2013,and2014;see TechnicalNotes.3IncludespersonsofHispanicandnonHispanicoriginandoriginnotstated,accordingtothemother’sreportedrace;see TechnicalNotes.4IncludesallpersonsofHispanicoriginof anyrace;see TechnicalNotes.

and 5; Figure 2). From 2007 through 2010, the number of birthsdeclinedsteadily,butthepaceofdeclineslowedfrom2010through

2013.AmongthethreelargestraceandHispanicorigingroups,births

rose 1% for nonHispanic white, nonHispanic black, and Hispanicwomenfrom2013to2014.ThenumberofbirthsroseforAPIwomen

aswell,up6%in2014,butdeclined2%forAIANwomen.AmongthespecifiedHispanic groups, births rose2% forPuerto Rican, 4% forCentralandSouthAmerican,and7%forCubanwomen.ThenumberofbirthswasessentiallyunchangedforMexicanwomenin2014.

Fertilityrate

Thegeneralfertilityrate(GFR)fortheUnitedStatesin2014was62.9birthsper1,000womenaged15–44,upslightly(lessthan1%)

from2013(62.5),whichwasarecordlowrateforthenation (Tables 1and 5; Figure 2).Thismarksthefirstincreaseintheratesince2007.Thefertilityratedeclinedsteadilyfrom2007through2013,withthepaceofdeclineslowingfrom2010through2013.

TheGFRrose1%forthelargestraceandHispanicorigingroup(nonHispanicwhite women) from2013 to2014. However, the rate

declined1%forHispanicwomenandwasessentiallyunchangedfornonHispanic black women. The GFR also declined 3% for AIANwomen,butrose3%forAPIwomen.

Age

of

mother

Birthratesdeclinedforwomenaged15–24from2013to2014,roseforwomenaged25–44,andwereunchangedforwomenaged

10–14and45–49.Teenagers—TheteenbirthratefortheUnitedStates in2014was

24.2birthsper1,000femalesaged15–19,down9%from2013(26.5)andyetanotherhistoriclowforthenation (Tables A, 3, 4, 7,and8;

Figures 1and 3) (13–16).Theratehasfallen61%since1991(61.8),when the longterm decline inbirths to teenagers began (13).Thenumberofbirthstoteenagersaged15–19was249,078in2014,down9%from2013(273,105)and52%from1991(519,577).


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R a t e p e r 1 , 0

0 0 w o m e n


0

50

100

150

200

18–19

15–19

15–17

2014201020001990198019701960

Figure3.Birthratesfor femalesaged15–19,byage:UnitedStates,1960–2014

Thebirthratesforteenagersaged15–17and18–19in2014were10.9birthsper1,000fortheyoungerteenagersand43.8birthsper

1,000 fortheolder teenagers,down 11%and7%,respectivelyfrom2013,andrecordlowsforbothgroups.Since1991,theratesforthese

twogroupshavefallen72%and53%.Thebirthrateforteenagersaged10–14was essentially unchanged in 2014 at 0.3 births per 1,000

females.Amongraceandethnicitygroups,ratesforteenagersaged15–19

declined for allgroupsfrom2013to 2014,withrates down 7%fornonHispanicwhite,9%forHispanic, 11%forAPIandnonHispanicblack, and12% forAIAN teenagers. Birth rates forteenagers aged

15–17 and18–19alsodeclined for allraceandethnicitygroups in2014.Womenintheir20s—Thebirthrateforwomenaged20–24in

2014was79.0birthsper1,000women,down2%from2013(80.7),andanotherrecordlowforthisagegroup (Tables 3, 4, 7, 8,and12).

Therateforwomeninthisagegrouphasdeclinedsteadilysince2006.Thenumber ofbirths towomen in theirearly20sdeclined 2% from2013

to2014(14).Therate

for

women

aged

25–29

was105.8birthsper1,000women,upslightlyfrom2013(105.5).Therateforwomeninthis

agegroupdeclinedsteadilyfrom2007through2013.Thenumberofbirthstowomenintheirlate20sincreasedin2014,up2%from2013(Tables 2, 4,and6).

Womenintheir30s—Thebirthrateforwomenaged30–34was

100.8birthsper1,000womenin2014,up3%from2013(98.0).Thenumberofbirthstowomeninthisagegroupincreased4%between2013and2014.Thebirthrateforwomenaged35–39was51.0births per 1,000 women in2014, up 3%from 2013 (49.3).The

number of births to women aged 35–39 increased 5% in 2014(Tables 2, 4, and6) (14).

Womenintheir40s—Thebirthrateforwomenaged40–44was10.6birthsper1,000womenin2014,up2%from2013(10.4) (Tables4

and 8).Therateforwomeninthisagegroupgenerallyhasrisenoverthelastthreedecades (Figure 4).Thenumberofbirthstowomenin

theirearly40swasessentiallyunchangedfrom2013to2014.The birth

rateforwomenaged45–49(whichincludesbirthstowomenaged50

andover)was0.8birthsper1,000womenin2014,unchangedfrom2013.Thenumberofbirthstowomenaged45–49rose3%from2013to2014.

Womenaged50andover—Therewere743birthstowomenaged50andoverin2014,upfrom677in2013 (Tables 2 and 6) (14).

The number of births to women in this age group has generallyincreasedsince1997(144),whendataforwomenaged50andoverbecameavailableagain.Thebirthrateforwomenaged50–54was0.6birthsper10,000womenin2014,unchangedfrom2013(datanot

shown).Becauseof thesmallnumberofbirthstowomenin thisagegroup,thebirthrateforwomenaged50–54isexpressedper10,000

women.Forratesshownelsewhereinthisreport,birthstowomenaged50and over are includedwith births towomenaged 45–49when

computingbirthratesbyageofmother(thedenominatorfortherateiswomenaged45–49).

Live-birthorder

The firstbirth rate for the United States was 24.6 births per1,000womenaged15–44in2014,downslightly(lessthan1%)from2013(24.7) (Tables 3, 7,and9).Firstbirthratesdeclinedforwomen

intheir teensandearly20s (down8%forwomenaged 15–19and


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25–29

20–2430–34

w o m e n

15–1935–39

1 , 0

0 0

40–44 r e p e

R a t

NOTE: Rates are plotted on a logarithmic scale.


200 200

100 100

50 50

10 10

5 5

1 1

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014

Figure4.Birthrates,byageofmother:UnitedStates,1990–2014

2%forwomenaged20–24),roseforwomenintheir30s(up4%for

women aged 30–34 and 35–39), and were unchanged for womenaged25–29and40andover.

Anotherusefulmeasure forinterpretingchildbearingpatternsis

themean

age

at

first

birth,whichisthearithmeticaverageoftheageofmothers at the time of birth, and is computed directly from thefrequencyoffirstbirthsbyageofmother.Themeanageofmothersgivingbirthin2014was26.3,upfrom26.0in2013,yetanotherrecordhighforthenation (Tables 13, 14,and I–1) (16,17,18).Theincrease

inthemeanagein2014reflects,inpart,thedeclineinfirstbirthstowomenintheirteensandearly20sandtheriseinfirstbirthstowomenintheir30s.

In2014,meanageatfirstbirthvaried by raceandHispanicorigin,

from23.1forAIANwomento29.5forAPIwomen.TheaverageagesatfirstbirthforthethreelargestraceandHispanicorigingroupswere24.2 for nonHispanic black, 24.3 for Hispanic, and 27.0 for nonHispanicwhitewomen (Tables 13 and 14).AmongthespecifiedHis-

panicgroups,averageagesrangedfrom23.7forMexicanwomento27.0forCubanwomen. AverageageatfirstbirthincreasedforwomeninnearlyallraceandHispanicorigingroupsfrom2013to2014,withtheexceptionofCentralandSouthAmericanwomenforwhomtheaverageagewas essentially unchanged.

Totalfertilityrate

The totalfertility rate (TFR)for the United States in2014 was

1,862.5birthsper1,000women,upslightly(lessthan1%)from2013(1,857.5) (Tables 4, 8, 13,and14).TheTFRestimatesthenumberofbirths that a hypothetical group of 1,000womenwould have over

their lifetimes, based on agespecific birth rates in a given year.Because it is computed from agespecific birth rates, the TFR is

ageadjusted, and can be compared for populations across time,populationgroups,andgeographicareas.From2007 through2013,theTFRdeclinedeachyear.TheTFRincreased1%fornonHispanicwhiteand2% forAPIwomen,butdecreasedfornonHispanicblack,

Hispanic, and AIAN women, by less than 1%, 1%, and 3%,respectively.

In2014,theU.S.TFRwasagainbelow‘‘replacement,’’thelevelatwhichagivengenerationcanexactlyreplaceitself(generallycon-sideredtobe2,100birthsper1,000women).TheTFRhasgenerally

beenbelowreplacementsince1971(16).WiththeexceptionofHis-panicwomen,theratesforallothergroupswerebelowreplacement(Tables8and 14).

Birthsandbirthratesbystate

From 2013 to 2014, the number of births rose in 25 states(Alabama,Arizona,Arkansas,California,Colorado,Florida,Georgia,Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota,

Nebraska, Nevada, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota,Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, andWashington);declinedin2 states(Hawaiiand West Virginia);andwas essentially unchanged in the remaining 23 states and DC.Among U.S. territories, the number of births declined in PuertoRico and Northern Marianas, and wasessentially unchanged in

GuamandAmericanSamoa (Tables10and11).TheGFRrose1%–5% in17 states (Alabama,Arkansas,Cali-

fornia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland,Michigan,Nebraska,NorthCarolina,NorthDakota,Pennsylvania, Ten-

nessee, Texas,andWashington);declined in 2 states(Hawaii andWestVirginia); andwasessentiallyunchanged in the 31remainingstates andDCfrom2013through2014.Ratesamongthestatesrangedfrom50.5birthsper1,000womenaged15–44inNewHampshire,to80.0inUtah

(Table12). The fertility rate declined in Puerto Rico and NorthernMarianas, and was essentially unchanged in Guam and AmericanSamoa.

TheTFRrose1%–4%in8states(Alabama,Arkansas,Illinois,

Louisiana, Maryland,Nebraska,North Dakota, andTexas) in 2014;declinedin 3 states(Hawaii,Massachusetts,and West Virginia);andwasessentiallyunchangedintheremaining39statesandDC.TFRsrangedfrom1,517.0birthsper1,000womeninDCto2,328.5inUtah

(Table12).TheTFRdeclinedforPuertoRicoandNorthernMarianasandwasessentiallyunchangedin GuamandAmericanSamoa.

Birth

rates

for

teenagers

by

state

The birthratefor teenagers aged 15–19declined in43 statesand DC from 2013 to 2014, with declines ranging from 5% for

Tennesseeto 16%forDelaware, andwas essentially unchanged inthe remaining7 states (Alaska, Hawaii, Montana, Maine, Vermont,North Dakota,andWyoming).Rates among thestates ranged from10.6 births per 1,000 teenagers aged 15–19 inMassachusetts, to

39.5inArkansas (Table 12). Theteenbirth ratedeclined forPuertoRico and was essentially unchanged for Guam,American Samoa,andNorthernMarianas.Thewiderangeinstatespecificteenratesisconsistentwithpatternsobservedinpreviousanalyses(15,19).

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12_tables.pdf#i01http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12_tables.pdf#i01http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12_tables.pdf#i01http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12_tables.pdf#i01


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TableB.Birthsandbirthrates forunmarriedandmarriedwomen:UnitedStates,1980,1985,1990,1995,and2000–2014

Birthstounmarriedwomen Birthrateformarried

Year Number Rate1 Percent2 women3

2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,604,870 43.9 40.2 88.9

2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,595,873 44.3 40.6 86.92012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,609,619 45.3 40.7 86.02011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,607,773 46.0 40.7 85.12010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,633,471 47.5 40.8 84.32009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,693,658 49.9 41.0 85.62008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,566 51.8 40.6 86.92007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,715,047 51.8 39.7 89.12006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,641,946 50.3 38.5 88.72005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,527,034 47.2 36.9 87.92004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,470,189 46.0 35.8 88.12003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,415,995 44.7 34.6 88.42002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,365,966 43.6 34.0 86.92001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,349,249 43.7 33.5 86.62000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,347,043 44.1 33.2 87.41995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,253,976 44.3 32.2 82.61990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,165,384 43.8 28.0 93.21985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828,174 32.8 22.0 93.3

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665,747 29.4 18.4 97.0

1Birthstounmarriedwomenper1,000unmarriedwomenaged15–44.2Percentageofallbirthstounmarriedwomen.3Birthstomarriedwomenper1,000marriedwomenaged15–44.

NOTE:Ratesfor2001–2009havebeenrevised,usingrevisedintercensalpopulationestimatesbasedonthe2010census.

Births tounmarriedwomen

The birth rate for unmarried women declined for the sixthconsecutiveyearin2014,to43.9per1,000unmarriedwomenaged

15–44 (Tables B, 15,and16). The2014nonmaritalbirthratewas 1%lowerthan in2013(44.3) and 15% lowerthanthepeak of51.8 in2007and2008 (Tables B,15,and 16).

Incontrasttotrendsamongunmarriedwomen,thebirthrateformarriedwomen,whichhaddeclined5%for2007–2010,increased2%

for2013–2014,andisup5%since2010(from84.3per1,000marriedwomenaged15–44to88.9) (Table B).

Thepercentageofallbirthstounmarriedwomenwas40.2%in2014,downfrom40.6% in2013,thelowestlevelsince2007 (Table B).

Thispercentagepeakedin2009at41.0%.In2014,thepercentageofnonmaritalbirthsvariedwidelyamongpopulationgroups,from16.4%forAPImothersto70.9%fornonHispanicblackmothers (Table 15).

The number of nonmarital births increased 1%between 2013

(1,595,873)and2014(1,604,870).Thenumberhadrisensteadilyeveryyear from2000 to2008when itpeakedat1,726,566.Thenumberdeclinedfrom2008to2011andhassincefluctuated.

Thesteepestdeclineinnonmaritalbirthratesbetween2013and2014wasforyoungerteenagersaged15–17,falling 11%from 11.9per

1,000 to10.6 (Table 16).Nonmaritalbirthratesalsodeclinedforolderteenagers(aged18–19)andforwomenaged20–24.Nonmaritalbirthratesincreasedforwomeninallagegroups25andover,reachingahistoric peak forwomenaged 30–34 (from31.8 in 2013 to 33.4 in 2014).

CompositionaldifferencesbyraceandHispanicoriginamongstatesare a major contributing factor to the geographic variation in thepercentageofbirthstounmarriedmothers (TableI–4).Thepercentages

ranged from less than one in five births in Utah (18.6%) to aboutonehalfofbirthsinDC,Louisiana,Mississippi,andNewMexico.

Ageoffather

ThefertilityrateofmenfortheUnitedStatesin2014was46.3birthsper1,000menaged15–54, up1%from2013(45.8) (Table 17).

Similar to fertility rates among women, rates declined for all menunder age 30 (down 8% for men aged 15–19, 3% for men aged20–24,and1%formenaged25–29)androseformenaged30andover(up2%–3%formenaged30–34,35–39,and40–44;up6% for

thoseaged45–49and4%formenaged50–54).Ratesformenaged15–19(11.3),20–24(53.9),and25–29(89.7)wereatrecordlowsin2014,whereas therates formenaged 35–39 (68.8),40–44 (27.9),and45–49(9.3)werethelowestinmorethan40years(16).

Birthratesrose1%forwhitemenfrom2013to2014,to44.4births

per1,000menaged15–54,anddeclinedlessthan1%forblackmen,to57.8.Ratesdeclinedforwhiteandblackmenunder30,roseforwhitemen aged 30–54 andblackmen aged 30–49 and55 andover, andwereunchangedfortheremaininggroups.Informationonageoffatheris

oftenmissingonbirthcertificatesofchildrenborntowomenunderage25andtounmarriedwomen.In2014,ageoffatherwasnotreportedfor12%ofallbirths,32%ofbirthstoallwomenunderage20,and29%ofallnonmaritalbirths.Theproceduresforcomputingbirthrates by age

offatherthataccountforthemissingdataaredescribedintheUserGuide (11).

MedicalServicesUtilization

Attendantatbirthandplaceofdelivery

In 2014, 98.5% of all births in the United States were inhospitals.Doctorsofmedicineattended84.8%ofallhospitalbirths,certified nurse midwives 8.0%, and doctors of osteopathy 6.6%(Tables18–20).

Outofhospitaldeliveriesrepresented1.5%ofbirthsin2014.Of

themorethan59,000outofhospitalbirthsintheUnitedStatesin2014,63.8%occurredinaresidence(home),and30.5%inafreestandingbirthingcenter (Table 20). The number ofbirths occurring athome,38,094,wasthehighestsincereportingbeganforthisitemin1989(20).Oregon and Vermont had the highest percentages of home births

(2.5%)in2014,withfiveotherstatesatjustover2.0% (TableI–12).SixstatesandDCreportedthatlessthanonehalfofapercentoftheir

birthsoccurredathome.

Methodofdelivery

Thecesareandeliveryratedeclinedforthesecondyearinarowto32.2%ofU.S.birthsin2014,whichwas2%lowerthantheratein2013(32.7%)andthelowestratesince2007 (Tables 18, 19,and21).Theratepeakedin2009at32.9%afterincreasingeveryyearsince

1996(20.7%),followedbyslightdeclinesin2010and2013.In2014, cesareandelivery ratesdeclinedfor all maternal age

groups (Table 22).Thelargestchangewasamongwomenunder20(down 4% from 21.8% to 21.0%). Cesarean delivery continues to

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60

50

40

30

20

10

0


P e r c e n t

Preterm

49.850.550.4

Early term

36.136.236.5 36.136.3 36.134.7

32.9 32.7 32.2

29.828.9

Total Under 37 37 38 39

Gestational age (in completed weeks)NOTE: Gestational age is based on the obstetric estimate of gestation.SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.

2009

20.621.5

24.8

40

Full term

20142013

29.329.328.2

41

Late term

Figure5.Cesareandelivery,bygestationalage:2009,2013,and2014

increasewithadvancingmaternalage;womenaged40andover

were more than twice as likely to deliver by cesarean aswerewomenunder20.

CesareandeliveryratesdeclinedforeachofthethreelargestraceandHispanicorigingroups in2014 (Tables 18, 19, and21). Therate

declinedfornonHispanicwhitewomenforthefifthconsecutiveyear,down2%from32.0%in2013to31.4%in2014and4%fromthe2009peak.Ratesdeclined1%forbothnonHispanicblack(from35.8%to35.6%)andHispanicwomen(32.3%to31.9%).Forthesecondyear

inarow,nonHispanicwhitewomenhadthelowestcesareandeliveryrate;nonHispanicblackwomencontinuedtohavethehighestrate.

Cesarean delivery rates declined from 2013 to 2014 for21statesandDC (TableI–7).ThelargestdeclineswerereportedforArkansas(7%),DC(4%),andKentucky(4%).Ratesincreased

for Arizona (2%) and Montana (6%), and were unchanged for28states.

In recent years, efforts within the obstetrics community havefocusedon reducingnonmedically indicatedcesareandelivery and

induction of labor before 39weeks (21–24). Since2009, cesareandeliveryratesforbirthsunder39weeksofgestation(basedontheobstetric estimate) have declined, driven largely by changes at 38weeks (Figure 5). From 2013 to 2014, the cesarean delivery rate

declinedamongbirthsat39weeksforthefirstyearsince2009.The lowrisk cesareandelivery rate—thatis, cesarean delivery

among nulliparous (first birth), term (37 completed weeks ormorebasedon theobstetricestimate),singleton (onefetus),vertex(head

first) births—showed patterns similar to the overall cesarean rate(Table C).Thelowriskcesareanratedecreasedfrom26.8%to26.0%

from2013 to2014.Declines by maternal age,race andHispanicorigin,

andgestationalageweremorepronouncedamonglowriskbirthsthanamongall births.A recent report examines the changes inlowrisk

cesareandeliveryfrom2009through2013(25).Informationfor2014onprimarycesareanandvaginalbirthafter

cesareandeliveryfortherevisedreportingarea(47statesandDC)ispresented intheUserGuide (11). A recentreportexaminedtrends inprimarycesareandeliveryratesbystateandforlimitedreportingareasthrough2012(26).

Useofforcepsandvacuumextractioncontinuedtodeclinein2014(Table D). Use ofeithermethod ofinstrumentaldeliverydecreasedfrom3.30%in2013to3.21%in2014(downfrom9.01%in1990).Useofforcepsremainstherarermethod,decliningfrom0.59%to0.57%ofallbirthsfor2013–2014,comparedwithvacuumextraction,downfrom

2.72%to2.64%.Amongvaginalbirths,useofeithermethodfell by3%in2014(4.91%to4.74%).

InfantHealthCharacteristics

Periodofgestation

The2014pretermbirth ratewas 9.57%, down less than 1%from 2013 (9.62%) and 8% from the 2007 peak (10.44%); seeTables E, 18, 19,and23–25.[Nationalgestationalagedatabasedontheobstetricestimateofgestationareavailableonlyfrom2007(27);

see Technical Notes.] The early preterm birth rate (less than34weeks)declinedto2.75%in2014from2.79%in2013(27);the

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TableC.Low-risk cesareandelivery,byageofmother,raceandHispanicoriginofmother,andgestationalage:UnitedStates,2013and2014

Percentchange2013

Characteristic 2014 2013 and2014

Percent

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.0 26.8 –3

Ageofmother

Under20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.4 18.2 –420–24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 23.5 –425–29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9 27.0 –430–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 31.7 –435–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.4 40.9 –440andover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.7 53.5 *

RaceandHispanicoriginofmother

NonHispanicwhite. . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 25.8 –3NonHispanicblack. . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.9 30.6 –2American IndianorAlaskaNative . . . . 21.9 23.2 –6AsianorPacific Islander. . . . . . . . . . 27.5 28.5 –4Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 26.5 –3

Gestationalage(weeks)

Early term. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 24.2 –237 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 26.6 *38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 23.0 –3

Full term. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 26.6 –339 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 26.6 –340 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 26.6 –4

Lateterm1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 33.3 –3Postterm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 37.0 *

*Differenceisnotsignificantlydifferentat p

=0.05.141completedweeksbasedontheobstetricestimate.242completedweeksormorebasedontheobstetricestimate.

NOTE:Lowriskcesareanis definedassingleton,term(37ormoreweeksofgestationbasedontheobstetricestimate),vertex(notbreech)cesareandeliveriestowomenhavinga firstbirthper100womendeliveringsingleton,term,vertexfirstbirths.

late preterm birth rate (34–36 weeks) was essentially stable at6.82%. The percentage of newborns delivered late preterm hasdeclined9%since2007 (Table E).

Recent years have alsowitnessed a shift inearlyterm (37–38

weeks) andfullterm (39–40weeks) deliveries.From2007 to2014,earlyterm births declined 16% (from 29.46% to 24.76%) and thepercentage of fullterm births rose 11% (from 53.02% to 58.72%).Reductionsinlatepretermandearlytermdeliveriesfrom2007to2014

mayberelatedtoheightenedunderstandingoftheincreasedneonatalrisk atthese gestationalagescomparedwithat full term,andwithsubsequent recommendations and efforts to reduce nonmedicallyindicateddeliveriesbefore39weeks (28–31).

Analyzing births in singleton deliveries separately is importantbecauseoftheshorteraveragegestationsofmultiplebirthsandtheiraccordantinfluenceonoverallgestationalagemeasures(see‘‘Multiplebirths’’).Thepretermbirthrateforsingletononlybirthswas7.74%in2014 (Table F), down 1% from 2013 (7.80%) and 10% from 2007

(8.59%).Pretermbirthrateswereessentiallyunchangedforeachofthe

largest race and Hispanic origin groups between 2013 and 2014(Table24).However,rateshavedeclinedforeachgroupsince2007,

down 10%for nonHispanicwhite (from 9.90% to8.91%) andnonHispanicblack(14.71%to13.23%)infants,and3%forHispanicinfants(9.35%to9.03%).

TableD.Livebirthsdeliveredby forcepsorvacuumextraction:UnitedStates,1990,1995,2000,2005,2010,and2012–2014

Vacuum Forceps orYear Forceps extraction vacuum

Percent

2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.57 2.64 3.21

2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.59 2.72 3.302012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.61 2.79 3.402010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.66 2.96 3.622005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.93 3.87 4.802000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.07 4.85 6.921995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.48 5.90 9.3819901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.11 3.90 9.01

1ExcludesdataforOklahoma,whichdidnotrequirereportingofmethodofdelivery.

Reductionsinpretermbirthrateswerereportedacrossmuchof

theUnitedStatesfrom2007through2014.Ratesdeclinedin38statesand DC; 26 states had declines inpreterm ratesof 10% ormore.Nonstatisticallysignificantchangeswerefoundfor 11 states(Alaska,

Hawaii, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Oklahoma,Utah,Oregon, Vermont,and Wyoming).ThepretermrateincreasedinWisconsin (Figure 6and TableI–8).

Birthweight

The percentage of infants born low birthweight (LBW) wasessentiallyunchanged in 2014 at 8.00%, comparedwith8.02% for2013.Followingincreasesofnearly20%from1990to2006,theLBWrate (less than 2,500 grams or 5 pounds, 8 ounces) has trended

slightly downward for a total decline of 3% (Tables18, 19, and23–25).The2014verylowbirthweightrate(lessthan1,500grams)was also stable at 1.40%, but is down from the high of 1.49%

reported for 2005–2007. The percentage of moderately low birthweightinfants(1,500–2,499grams)was6.60%in2014,unchangedfrom2013,butlowerthanthe2006peakof6.77% (Table 24). Weightat birth is closely associated with gestational age and can be animportant and independent predictor of short and longterm out-

comes(32–34).As the gestational age distribution has shifted toward longer

pregnancies fromthe mid2000s (see ‘‘Gestational age’’), thebirthweightdistributionhasalsomovedtowardheavierinfants,albeittoa

lesserdegree.InadditiontothemodestreductioninLBWnotedearlier,thepercentageofbirthsat2,500–2,999grams(5pounds,9ouncesto 6 pounds, 9 ounces)hasdeclinedfrom18.44% to18.27%from2006to 2014,while the percentage of infants weighing 3,000 grams or

greaterhasincreasedfrom73.30%to73.73%.LBWlevelswereessentiallystableamongbirthstoeachofthe

largestraceandHispanicorigingroupsfor2014:nonHispanicwhite(6.96%in2014),nonHispanicblack(13.15%),andHispanic(7.05%)births (Table 24). From 1990 through2006, LBWrates roseamong

each group; since2006,however, rates havedeclined among nonHispanic white (5%) and nonHispanic black (6%) infants. AmongHispanics, rates havefluctuated fairly narrowly. SeeTablesI–9 andI–10for2014statespecificverylowbirthweightandlowbirthweight

ratesbyraceandHispanicorigin.Births in singleton deliveries are often examined separately

becausemultiplebirthstendtobebornsmallerthansingletons,and

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TableE.Distributionofbirths,byselectedgestationalagecategories:UnitedStates,2007–2014

Preterm Early term Full term Late term Postterm

Year BirthsTotalunder37weeks

27weeksandunder

28–31weeks

32–33weeks

34–36weeks

37–38weeks

39–40weeks

41weeks

42weeksormore

Notstated

Obstetricestimate

Number Percent Number

2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,988,076 9.57 0.69 0.91 1.15 6.82 24.76 58.72 6.53 0.42 3,2462013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,932,181 9.62 0.70 0.92 1.17 6.83 24.81 58.85 6.31 0.41 7,4672012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 9.76 0.71 0.92 1.17 6.96 25.47 58.30 6.06 0.40 8,3802011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,953,590 9.81 0.70 0.93 1.18 6.99 26.09 57.51 6.16 0.43 9,2902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,999,386 9.98 0.71 0.94 1.18 7.15 27.29 56.08 6.19 0.46 10,5382009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,130,665 10.07 0.71 0.94 1.18 7.24 28.24 54.98 6.23 0.48 11,7482008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,247,694 10.36 0.71 0.95 1.22 7.47 29.69 53.26 6.17 0.52 14,1942007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,316,233 10.44 0.74 0.97 1.22 7.51 29.46 53.02 6.50 0.58 20,286

TableF.Gestationalageandbirthweightcharacteristics,byplurality:UnitedStates,2014

Characteristic Allbirths Singletons Twins Triplets Quadruplets

Quintupletsandhigher

ordermultiples1

Number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,988,076 3,848,214 135,336 4,233 246 47

Percentverypreterm 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percentpreterm3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.609.57

1.237.74

10.5858.71

39.2798.35

71.9597.97

100.00100.00

Percentverylowbirthweight 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percentlowbirthweight 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.408.00

1.076.24

9.5655.26

36.9695.14

65.4397.53

90.91100.00

1Quintuplets,sextuplets,andhigherordermultiplebirthsarenotdifferentiatedinthenationaldataset.2Under32completedweeksofgestation.3Under37completedweeksofgestation.4Lessthan1,500grams.5Lessthan2,500grams.

changesinmultiplebirthincidencecaninfluenceoveralllowbirthweightlevels;seeTable F andthesectionon‘‘Multiplebirths.’’For2014,thesingletonLBWratewasstableat6.24%.Thispercentagerose10%from1990(5.90%)to2006(6.49%),buthasdeclined4%fromthe2006high.

Multiplebirths

The 2014 twin birth rate was 33.9 twins per 1,000 births,

essentially unchanged from 2013 (33.7), but a new high for thenation. The twinning rate (births in twin deliveries per 1,000 totalbirths) rose76% from1980 to2009 (from18.9 to33.2 per 1,000),wasgenerallystablefrom2009through2012,androse2%between

2012and2013 (Tables26and27).The triplet and higher-order multiple birth rate (triplet/+)

declined 5%from2013 to2014,from 119.5 to 113.5per100,000births.The2014triplet/+birthrateisthelowestin20yearsandisdownmorethan40%fromthe1998peak(193.5).Thetriplet/+birthrate(number

oftriplets,quadruplets,andquintupletsandotherhigherordermultiplesper100,000births)rosemorethan400%from1980to1998 (Tables26and 27), but hastrendeddownwardsince,withaverageannualdeclinesofmorethan4%reportedsince2004.

Therewere135,336infantsbornintwindeliveriesin2014,anincreaseover2013,butlowerthanthenumberoftwinsreportedduringthepeakyearsof2006–2009 (Table 27).The4,526birthsintriplet/+

deliveriesin2014wasthelowestnumberreportedsince1993,andincluded4,233triplets,246quadruplets,and47quintupletsandhigherordermultiplebirths (Table F).

Theriseinmultiplebirthrateshasbeenassociatedwithexpandeduseoffertilitytherapies[ovulationinducingdrugsandassistedrepro-

ductive technologies (ART)] andoldermaternalageat childbearing(35,36).An estimated 1.5% of 2012 births were the result ofARTtherapiesalone(37).Recentdeclinesintriplet/+birthrateshavebeenlinkedtochangesinARTprocedures(37,38).

Infantsbornintwinandtriplet/+deliveriesareathigherriskofadversebirthoutcomescomparedwithsingletons.In2014,similartoearlieryears,morethan 1 ofevery 2 twinsandmorethan 9 ofevery10tripletswerebornpretermor lowbirthweight (Table F).

Twinning rates wereessentially unchanged from2013 to2014among nonHispanic white (36.7 per 1,000 in 2014) and Hispanicwomen(24.1),but rose4%amongnonHispanicblackwomen(from38.3to40.0).From1990to2009,twinbirthratesincreasedamongeachgroup;62%fornonHispanicwhite,42%fornonHispanicblack,

and25%forHispanicwomen.Since2009,however,rateshavefluc-tuated modestly among nonHispanic white women and trendedupwardforHispanicwomen.AmongnonHispanicblackmothers,ratesfluctuatedfrom2009through2012,buthaverisen8%for2012–2014.

(Table27).


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National VitalStatisticsReports, Vol.64, No.12,December23, 2015 11

WA

OR

CA

NV

ID

MT

WY

UTCO

AZNM

AK

TX

OK

KS

NE

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LA

MS

TN

KY

IN

WI

MI

OH

NY

ME

IL

AL GA

FL

SC

NC

VAWV

PA

HI

MDDE

NJ

CTRI

MANH

VT

DC

No change*

Decrease

Increase

* Change not significant at p = 0.05.SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.

Figure6.Percentchange inobstetricestimate-basedpretermbirths,bystate:2007–2014

Therateoftriplet/+birthsamongnonHispanicwhitewomenwas140.9per100,000in 2014,whichwasnotsignificantlydifferentfrom

2013(147.2),butwasdown46%from1998(262.8).Thetriplet/+ratedeclinedamongnonHispanicblackwomenfrom106.7to89.7from2013through2014;thechangeintherateforHispanicwomen(71.4to64.3)wasnotstatisticallysignificant (Table 27).Since1998,rates

havefluctuatedforbothnonHispanicblackandHispanicwomen,buthavebeenessentiallyunchangedfornonHispanicblackwomen(from87.3),andaredownoverallforHispanicwomen(75.3in1998).

Twinandtriplet/+birthratesdifferacrosstheUnitedStates;see

TableI–11forstatespecificratesforcombinedyears2012–2014.

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datafor2014.Nationalvitalstatisticsreports;vol64no6.Hyattsville,

MD:NationalCenterforHealthStatistics.2015.

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NatalitypublicusefileandCDROM.Hyattsville,MD:NationalCenter

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policy for microdata and compressed vital statistics files. Available

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4. National Center for Health Statistics. VitalStats. Available from:

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/VitalStats.htm.

5. National Center for Health Statistics. 2003 revisions of the U.S.

StandardCertificatesofLiveBirthandDeathandthefetaldeathreport.

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ACC.pdf andhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vital_certificate_revisions.htm.

6. NationalCenterforHealthStatistics.ReportofthePaneltoEvaluate

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7. OstermanMJK,MartinJA,CurtinSC,etal.Newlyreleaseddatafrom

the revised U.S.birth certificate,2011.National vitalstatisticsreport;

vol 62 no 4. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

2013.

8. CurtinSC,OstermanMJK,UddinSF,etal.Sourceofpaymentforthe

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July 1,2010–July 1,2014),by year, county,singleyearof age(0,1,

2, .., 85 years and over), bridged race, Hispanic origin, and sex.

Prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census

Bureau. Availablefrom:http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm

asofJune30,2015,followingreleasebytheU.S.CensusBureauof

theunbridged Vintage2014postcensalestimatesby5yearagegroup

on June 25, 2015. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/

bridged_race/data_documentation.htm#vintage2014.

46. U.S. Census Bureau. International data base. Population by singleyearsof ageandsex, 2014.2015. Available from:http://www.census.

gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php.

47. U.S. Census Bureau. Population estimates.Annual estimates of the

residentpopulationbysingleyearofageandsexfortheUnitedStates,

states,andPuertoRicoCommonwealth:April1,2010toJuly1,2014.

2015. Available from: http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/

en/PEP/2014/PEPSYASEX/0400000US72

.

48. U.S. Census Bureau. DataFerrett. Washington, DC: U.S. Census

Bureau.2013.

49. U.S. Census Bureau. DataFerrett. Washington, DC: U.S. Census

Bureau.2014.

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States, 1940–99. National vital statistics reports; vol 48 no 16.

Hyattsville,MD:NationalCenterforHealthStatistics.2000.51. U.S.CensusBureau.AmericanCommunitySurvey(ACS),20141year

estimates (st31001_2014_010_flags), by sex, age, nativity, and His-

panic origin. Population estimates for 2014 based on unpublished

tabulations.[Forthcoming].

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methodology.html.

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55. National Center forHealth Statistics.Guideto completing thefacilityworksheets for the certificate of live birth and report of fetal death

(2003revision).2012update.

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ListofDetailedTables

1. Births andbirth rates, by race: United States, specified years

1940–1955 and each year 1960–2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2. Births, by age ofmother, livebirth order, and race ofmother:

UnitedStates, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3. Birth rates, by age of mother, livebirth order, and race of

mother: United States, 2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4. Birthrates,byageofmother:UnitedStates,1970–2014, andbyageandraceofmother:UnitedStates,1980–2014 . . . . . . . . 19

5. Birthsandbirthrates,byHispanicoriginofmother,andby racefor

mothersofnonHispanicorigin:UnitedStates,1989–2014. . . . . . 23

6. Births,by ageof mother,livebirthorder, andHispanicoriginof

mother, and by race for mothers of nonHispanic origin:

UnitedStates,2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

7. Birthrates,byageofmother,livebirthorder,andHispanicorigin

of mother, and by race for mothers of nonHispanic origin:

UnitedStates,2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

8. Birthrates,byageandHispanicoriginofmother,andbyrace for

mothersofnonHispanicorigin:UnitedStates,1989–2014. . . . 28

9. Birthrates, by livebirth order and race and Hispanic origin of

mother: United States, 1980–2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

10. Births,byraceofmother:UnitedStates,eachstateandterritory,2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

11. Births,by Hispanicoriginofmother,and byrace formothersof

nonHispanic origin: United States, each state and territory,

2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

12. Birth rates, by age of mother: United States, each state and

territory,2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

13. Selected demographic characteristics of births, by race of


14. Selected demographic characteristics of births, by Hispanic

originofmother,and byraceformothersofnonHispanicorigin:

UnitedStates,2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

15. Birthsandbirthratesforunmarriedwomen,byage andraceand

Hispanicoriginofmother:UnitedStates,2014 . . . . . . . . . . . 41

16. Birth rates for unmarried women, by age of mother: UnitedStates, 1970,1975, and1980–2014,andbyageand raceand

Hispanicoriginofmother:UnitedStates,1980–2014 . . . . . . . 42

17. Birth rates, by age and race of father: United States,

1980–2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

18. Selectedmedicalandhealthcharacteristicsofbirths,byraceof


19. Selected medical and health characteristics of births, by

Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non

Hispanic origin: United States, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

20. Births, by attendant, place of delivery, and race andHispanic

origin ofmother: United States, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

21. Births, bymethodof delivery and race andHispanic origin of

mother: United States, 1989–2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

22. Births,bymethodofdelivery,andbyage andraceandHispanicorigin ofmother: United States, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

23. Births, by birthweight and gestational age, and by race and


24. Verypretermandpreterm births, andverylowbirthweightand

low birthweight births, by race andHispanic origin of mother:

UnitedStates,1989–2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

25. Preterm and low birthweight births, by age and race and


26. Births, by plurality and age and race and Hispanic origin of


27. Twin, triplet, and higherorder multiple births, by race and

Hispanicoriginofmother:UnitedStates,1980–2014 . . . . . . . 59

Listof InternetTables(Availablefrom:http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12_tables.pdf)

I–1. Meanageofmother,bylivebirthorderandraceandHispanicoriginof

mother:UnitedStates,1980–2014

I–2. Birthsand seasonallyadjusted birth rates,by month: United States,

2014

I–3. Births,bydayofweekandmethodofdelivery:UnitedStates,2014I–4. Births to unmarried women,by race and Hispanic origin of mother:

UnitedStates,eachstateandterritory,2014

I–5. Births,byweightgainofmotherduringpregnancy,plurality,gestational

age,andraceandHispanicoriginofmother:UnitedStates,2014

I–6. Selectedriskfactors,obstetricprocedures,characteristicsoflaborand

delivery, and congenital anomalies, by age and race and Hispanic

originofmother:UnitedStates,2014

I–7. Total cesarean delivery and lowrisk cesarean delivery, by race and

Hispanicoriginofmother:UnitedStates,eachstateandterritory,2014

I–8. Preterm births,by raceandHispanicoriginof mother: UnitedStates,

eachstateandterritory,2014

I–9. Low birthweightbirths,by raceandHispanicoriginof mother:United

States,eachstateandterritory,2014

I–10. Very low birthweight births, by race and Hispanic origin of mother:UnitedStates,eachstateandterritory,2014

I–11. Twin, triplet, andhigherordermultiple births, by state:United States

andeachstate,2012–2014

I–12.Birthsoccurringathome,bystate:UnitedStatesandeachstate,2014

Inthefollowingtables,gestationalagedataarebasedonthedate

ofthe lastnormalmenses:

I–13.Births, by birthweight, gestational age (lastmenstrual periodbased),

andraceandHispanicoriginofmother:UnitedStates,2014

I–14.Very preterm and preterm births (last menstrual periodbased), and

verylowbirthweightandlowbirthweightbirths,byraceandHispanic

originofmother:UnitedStates,1989–2014

I–15.Preterm (lastmenstrual periodbased) andlow birthweight births, byageandraceandHispanicoriginofmother:UnitedStates,2014

I–16. Preterm births (last menstrual periodbased), by race and Hispanic

originofmother:UnitedStates,eachstateandterritory,2014

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12_tables.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12_tables.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12_tables.pdf


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