national strategies for improving control over sources of ionising radioation in scrap metal

Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004

NATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING CONTROL OVER IMPROVING CONTROL OVER

SOURCES OF IONISING SOURCES OF IONISING RADIOATION IN SCRAP METALRADIOATION IN SCRAP METAL

Presented by: Mr. Dancho ELENKOVNuclear Regulatory Agency (Bulgaria) Deputy Chairman 69 Shipchensky prokhod Blvd. 1574 Sofia, BGphone: + 359 2 9406 800fax: + 359 2 9406 919e-mail: [email protected]


Content of the presentation:• Statistics for the period 1998 - 2003

• Origin of radioactive contamination in scrap in Bulgaria

• Existing and planned national regulatory mechanisms

• Monitoring of the movement of radioactive materials - scrap metal

• Dispositioning (removal) of detected radioactive materials• Conducting drills and exercises • Good (and bad) practices and lessons to be learned

• Planned activities and mechanism


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

events

events 2 4 6 27 38 32 109

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Total

Statistics for the period 1998 - 2003

11 events orphan sorces

8 events during

operation

1 event false signal

10 events thefts

2 eventsillicit traffic

77 events in scrap metal


Origin of SIR in scrap in Bulgaria:

Type of SIR

8%

43%35%

14%open sourcessealed sourcesControl devicesRo

(690)

(3536)(2897)

(1178)

total number - 8301 SIR

1. Events inside the country (theft):

3. Illicit traffic 2. Import of contaminated scrap metal


Existing and planned national regulatory mechanismsExisting mechanism - legislation:• Act on the Safe Use of Nuclear Energy (ASUNE) - June 2002 (new);• Basic Standards for Radiation Protection (BSRP-2000) - January 2001

(new Regulation, based on the IBSS No. 115 of IAEA, 1996); • Regulation No.0-35 on the safe use of sources of ionizing radiation (1974);

• Regulation No.5 on the issue of licenses for the use of atomic energy

(1989);• Regulation No.46 for safe transport of radioactive materials (1976);• Regulation No.7 for safety management of RAW (November 1991);• Regulation on emergency planning and response (April 1998)


Existing mechanism - Authorisation process (licenses and permits for safe use of SIR)

The authorisation process is basic mechanism for effectivecontrol over possession and use of radiation sources, whichincludes: • granting of licenses;

• granting of permits. According the new ASUNE there are According the new ASUNE there are six types of licensessix types of licenses::• use of sources of ionising radiation (SIR);• manufacturing of radiation sources or of parts thereof;• handling of radiation sources for services;• import/export of radiation sources;• specialised training of persons engaged in practices with SIR;• transport of SIR;

Existing and planned national regulatory mechanisms (cont.)



According the new ASUNE there are According the new ASUNE there are six types of permitssix types of permits:• setting of a facility with radiation sources on specific site;• construction of a facility with SIR, assembly and preliminary

tests;• decommissioning of a facility with SIR;• temporary storage of radiation sources;• single transport of SIR• import and export of SIR or of parts thereof

Existing mechanism - Authorisation process (licenses and permits for safe use of SIR)



• Article 35 of SUNEA:“…license for operation of a nuclear facility is being granted to a legal entity, registered in the Republic of Bulgaria, which has approved emergency plans for action in case of an accident. Concerning the facilities with SIR – which provides the requisite measures for radiation protection ensuring for all categories exposured individuals, as in normal circumstances, as well as in case of incidents and accidents…”

• Article 117 of SUNEA:“... Emergency planning measures are being established by the emergency plans as follows:

- off-site emergency plan;- on-site emergency plan…”



• inspections - to determine on-site whether practices are carried out and sources are used in accordance with the requirements of relevant regulations and with any license or permits conditions;

• radiation safety appraisals;• accident notification and investigation;• periodic feedback from users about key safety parameters. The priority and frequency of inspections depend on the risk and

complexity associated with the practice, as well as potential accident consequences and the type and frequency of violations found during inspections.


Types of practices and sources covered by the legislation and requires emergency planning:

• measures for emergency planning and emergency preparedness are established by the state bodies and licensees implementing activities related to:

• design of nuclear facilities; • construction of nuclear facilities;• commissioning of nuclear facilities; • operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities;• manufacture, transportation and storage of nuclear

material;• practices with sources of ionising radiation.


Types of practices and sources covered by the legislation and requires emergency planning (cont.):• nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents, affecting potentially

or really on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria or abroad, have occurred:

• in nuclear facilities;• in facilities, operated with SIR (industrial, agriculture, medical, research, etc); • in falling of satellite with nuclear reactor or nuclear and radioactive

substances on board; • in use of nuclear weapons, nuclear and radioactive materials for terrorist

purposes, sabotages and illegal traffic (SIR of an unknown or untraceable origin);

• in transportation of nuclear materials and SIR; • in radioactive wastes management, etc.• the scrap metal processing facilities


Existing emergency plans:Off-site emergency plans:

- National Basic Plan (National Emergency Plan) for conducting

of rescue and urgent post accident restoration

works in case of disasters, accidents and

catastrophes (last version April 2002);

- in accordance to the National Emergency Plan, emergency plans of the municipal administration bodies and of the local self- government, of the ministries and the organisations (last version 2002 – 2003) were developed.

Emergency Plan forIndustrial (Chemical)

Accidents

National EmergencyPlan

Emergency Plan forNuclear and Radiation

Accidents

Actions in case oftransboundarycontamination

Actions in case of anaccident with SIR

Actions in case of anaccident at Kozloduy

Emergency Plan forEarthquakes and

Landslides

Actions in case of anradioactive cont. scrap


Existing emergency plans (cont.): On-site emergency plans:

• The NPP Kozloduy Emergency Plan, version 3, 2000• The Plan for eliminating of the consequences and for protection of the

population and of the environment in case of radiation accident during transportation of spent/fresh nuclear fuel, 2001/April 2002

• Emergency Plan on RAW Department at NPP Kozloduy , (July 2001);• The Emergency plan for the Nuclear Scientific Experimental Base (NSEB) –

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, December, 2001• The Emergency Plan of Permanent Repository of Radioactive Wastes – Novi

Han, January, 2003;• The Emergency plans of all facilities (over 1500 in number), using SIR and

generating RAW (last versions in the period 1998 – 2003)• The Emergency Plans of the scrap metal processing facilities


Monitoring of the movement of radioactive materials - scrap metal

Kremikovtsy facilityStomana-Industry - Perniik facility

Automatic radiation monitoringManual dose-rate control (continuos)


Governmental and private sector response procedures and requirementsIn case of accident with SIR an inter organisational team is being formed by the Permanent Commission, which includes experts from:

– Members of the emergency response team NRA; Civil Protection State Agency; National Centre on Radiobiology and Radiation

Protection – Ministry of Health; Ministry of Internal Affairs – Service "Control of the Dangerous Substances"; Ministry of Environment and Waters (in case of risk for the environment); State enterprise for RAW Management); Ministry of Interior


Notification and Information Exchange

Tmax. = 72 h - for gathering and safety storage of the SIR

Border checkpointServices performing

border control

Head of Border control services

MIA – duty officers

NRA

Emergency Centre

In site the country• MIA services or• CPSA

CPSA MH-NCRBRP INRNE-BAS

Specialized lab.

Local Authorities

MTMF - CUSTOMS

IAEA

WCO

Other countries

Mobile group

Request for help from other country

MIA

T=15-30 min

T=10 min

T=10 min

T=10 min

T=+ 75 min

T=+ 24 h

T=+ 120 min

T=+ 24 h


Example of dispositioning (removal) of detected radioactive materials•Actions of the Emergency Response Team:

1. Detection of increasing of -background

2. Removing the wagon in a special place

3. Notification of the NRA, CPSA, MH, MI

4. Police investigation (for the origin of the source)

4. Determination the location of the SIR by measurements

5. Dose-rate control (continuously)

6. Individual dose control (continuously)

7. Request assistance (if necessary)8. Guttering the national emergency response team (if necessary)


Dispositioning (removal) of detected radioactive materials (cont.)9. In situ gamma-spectrometry for isotope determination10. Off-loading of the wagon (partially or complete) 11. Localisation of the source 12. Removing of the source13. Temporary storage14. Monitoring 15. Exemption of the clear scrap16. Informing the population

17. Informing the IAEA

18. Transpiration of the founded SIR for special investigation (source number, activity, etc.)19. Transpiration of the founded SIR to the permanent RAW repository


Conducting drills and exercises• Full scope emergency drills are organized each 5 years, for gaining

knowledge about the national emergency plan. • Exercises on adoption of plan elements are annually performed

for 6 years 15 exercises, for example:– Bulgarian-Turkish exercises “Combating of

illicit trafficking of nuclear materials”, October 2002


Planned activities and mechanism:• Further development of the existing secondary legislation by:

developing a new categorization of the site used sources of ionizing radiation (SIR)

developing a new threat categorization of facility emergencies - including the scrap metal processing facilities (category V)

• Developing a new secondary legislation• More clear lines of authority and responsibility• Contractual requirement for submission of certificate for radioactivity

content in scrap metal


Planned activities and mechanism:

• Strengthening the capabilities at all levels - regulator, competent authorities (MH, CPSA, MI, etc) and operator:– Improvement of the Quality Management System

– Intensification of the use of external expertise's.

– Enhancement of the individual qualification of the staff

– Conducting drills and exercises

– Motivation of the staff.

Thank you for your attention :-))Thank you for your attention :-))

national strategies for improving control over sources of ionising radioation in scrap metal

Documents

operation11 events

sorces8 events

sorceschart410277118111

scrap metalpresented

scrap metalsheet11998

new regulation

safe use of sources

use of atomic energy