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Nuclear and Energy Research Institute
National Nuclear Energy Commission
IPEN-CNEN/SP
F. A. Genezini1, A. J. Fernando1, A. Marra Neto1, P. E. Aoki2, W. A. P. Calvo2
National Nuclear Energy Commission - Nuclear and Energy Research Institute 1Nuclear Research Reactor Centre
2Radiation Technology Centre IPEN-CNEN/SP
Contents IEA R1 Research Reactor (5MW)
• Research Reactors in Brazil
• History, activities and ageing program
IEA R1 Research Reactor for Industrial Applications
• Neutron imaging, neutron diffraction and NAA in industry
• Silicon dopping
• Material tests for Brazilian Navy
• Radiotracers in health
• Radiotracers and radioactive sealed sources in industry
• Radiotracers of noble gases ( 40Ar and 79Kr)
Final Remarks
Multipurpose Research Reactor (30MW)
MCTIC Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications
CNEN National Nuclear Energy Commission - Brazil
~1600 workers
CDTN (MG) Nuclear Technology
and Development Center 316 workers
IEN (RJ) Nuclear Engineering
Institute 225 workers
IPEN - (SP) Nuclear and Energy
Research Institute
773 workers
IRD (RJ) Radiological Protection and Dosimetry Institute
225 workers
CRCN (PE) Regional Center of Nuclear Sciences
63 workers
National Nuclear Energy Commission - BRAZIL
There are other (6) smaller units: Angra dos Reis District, Rio de Janeiro, RJ; Caetite District, Caetité, BA;
Fortaleza District, Fortaleza, CE; Goiania District, Goiânia, GO; Planalto Central District, Brasília, DF; Laboratory
Division of Poços Caldas, Poços de Caldas, MG.
Federal Government Autarchy under the Ministry of Science, Technology , Innovations and Communications
Acts in P&D in the Nuclear Technology field, as well as rendering technological services and education
Regulatory Authority
Name Applications Power Localization Type
IPEN/MB-01 Critical facility PWR core analysis
100 W IPEN-CNEN/SP Pin – open core
ARGONAUTA Research and training 500 W IEN-CNEN/RJ Argonaut
IPR-R1 Research and training 100 kW CDTN-CNEN/MG
Triga MARK-I
IEA-R1 Radioisotope production, research and training
5 MW IPEN-CNEN/SP
Pool type – MTR core
Nuclear Research Reactors in Brazil
100 W 500 W 100 kW 5MW
Nuclear and Energy Research Institute
Located in the campus of Sao Paulo University (USP) Total area of about 500,000 m2
102,000 m2 of building area 11 Research Centers 773 permanent staff 1,333 undergraduate and graduate students 100 Post doctorates 361 Collaborators
IEA R1 Research Reactor (5MW)
IPEN/MB-01 Research Reactor (100W)
IPEN’s Main Facilities
Nuclear Radioactive
IEA-R1 Research Reactor (1957 – 5MW)
IPEN/MB-01 Reactor (1987 – 100W)
Nuclear Fuel Centre (R&D, production)
2 Cyclotron Accelerators - IBA (Cyclones 30MeV and
18/9MEV)
2 Electron Beam Accelerator - RDI (1.5MeV)
Radiopharmacy Centre
3 Gamma Irradiators (60Co)
Terawatt Laser
Unity of treatment and storage of radioactive waste
IEA-R1 Research Reactor (5MW)
On September, 1955 under the Atoms for Peace program, the USA and Brazilian governments agreed to construct a swimming-pool type research reactor in São Paulo, Brazil and the task was concluded on 1957
First criticality was achieved on 16th September, 1957
First reactor operating in the southern hemisphere
IEA-R1 Research Reactor (5MW)
Constructor: Babcok-Wilcox
First criticality: September 16th, 1957
Type: open pool type reactor
Moderator and coolant: light water
Reflectors: graphite and beryllium
Nominal power: 5 MW
Operating power: 4.5MW
Thermal flux: 5 x 1013 n cm-2 s-1
Fast flux: 1.3 x 1013 n cm-2 s-1
8 radial and 2 tangential beam holes
Operating cycle: 9h per day, 4 days per week
Fuel elements: 20% enriched uranium
24 rods of U3Si2-Al, 3 g.cm-3 produced at IPEN
IEA-R1 Research Reactor (5MW)
The IAE-R1 Research Reactor has a continuous program of modernization
Past main
improvements
Recent main
improvements
Ongoing main
improvements
IEA-R1 Research Reactor - Ageing Program
IEA-R1 reactor acts in three types of activities
1) R&D: Basic and applied research in nuclear sciences in association with universities and other research institutes
2) Teaching: At undergraduate and graduate levels together Sao Paulo University
3) Products and Services: Resulting from the reactor uses for industrial applications, hospitals, clinics, environmental agencies
IEA-R1 Research Reactor - Main Activities
Valve 3D image
Valve for water flow control Valve for water flow control
Water distribution map
Hydrogen Fuel cell - Proton Exchange Membrane - PEM / MEA
Water into the MEA
Neutron Imaging for Industrial applications
High Resolution Neutron Diffraction for Industrial Applications
The texture of materials in metals
Microstructure and porous media of Portland cement
Measurement of residual stress in components
Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) (inside the PSD shield)
Neutron monochromator (inside the main shield)
Rotating-Oscillating Collimator (ROC)
Sapphire filter (inserted into the in-pile collimator)
Beam shutter (inside the main shield)
Main neutron shield
PSD neutron shield
Movable platform Extra shield
2- drive mechanism
*Parente, C. B. R., Mazzocchi, V. L., Mestnik-Filho, J., Mascarenhas, Y. P., Berliner, R. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A 622 (2010) 678-684.
Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) for Industrial Applications
Corrosion evaluation in alloys used as biomaterials
Elemental composition of alloys used as biomaterials
Abrasiveness of tooth paste
Chemical compositions of fertilizers
CFC determination in polyurethane used as insulator in refrigerators
Silicon Production for Electronic Industries
Silicon Irradiation Rig
NTD – Neutron Transmutation Doping
30Si(n,)31Si 31P+β-
Neutron Flux profile
Crystal diameter: 5 inch Crystal Length: 50 cm Target Resistivity: 30 Ohm.cm Annual Capacity: 1200kg
Material testing under high neutron flux
Material irradiations (fuel mini plates, pressurized instrumented element)
Material Tests for Brazilian Navy
130Te (n, ) 131mTe 30h 131 Te 25min 131 I
Iodine -131 Production
IEA-R1 Research Reactor can supply 60% of Brazilian demand
Irradiation of 50g of enriched telurium oxide (130Te O2 ) seled into an aluminum capsule for 254h under a neutron flux of 1 x1014 cm-2.s-1
(final activity of 12Ci in 131I) After irradiatiation the iodine is separeted from 130Te in the Radiopharmacy Centre
Samarium-153 Production
IEA-R1 Research Reactor supply 100% of national demand in Brazil
Irradiation of 37mg of enriched samarium oxide (152Sm O2 ) seled into a quartz bulb and aluminum capsule for 24h under a neutron flux of 1.5x1013 cm-2.s-1
Final activity of 3 Ci in 153Sm
Sealed Sources for Industrial Applications
1) Production of sealed sources (60Co, 192Ir, 182Ta ) Tantalum -182 - Irradiation of 1.25g of metalic 181Ta coated
with Al 6082 alloy for 5h under a neutron flux of 1x1014 cm-2.s-1 (final activity of 290mCi in 182Ta)
2) Distribution
350/year: 192Ir (25 – 100Ci, 74 days, 353keV)
20/year: 75Se (40 – 80Ci, 120 days, 217keV)
1) Iridium-192 - Environmental studies, in the form of a premixed sand (glass powder plus activated iridium) to study drag sediment in river
Irradiation of 380g of ground glass with 0,3% of 191Ir seled into a quartz bulb for 25h under a neutron flux of 5.5x1013 cm-2.s-1 (final activity of 19mCi in 192Ir)
2) Mercury-203 - Determination of the mercury mass immobilized in electrolytic cells from soda and chlorine producing industries
Irradiation of 120g of 202Hg seled into a quartz bulb for 50h under a neutron flux of 9x1013 cm-2.s-1 (final activity of 40Ci in 203Hg)
Radiotracers for Industrial Applications
3) Lanthanum -140 - Study the solid phase (catalysts) of Fluidized Cracking Catalytic (FCC) plants in petroleum refineries
Irradiation of 1.5g of catalytic with 1.45% of 139La into a sealed quartz bulb for 5h under a neutron flux of 4.3x1013 cm-2.s-1 (final activity of 325mCi in 140La)
4) Iodine-131 and Bromine-82 - Flow rate measurement and residence time distribution (RTD) studies in rivers, lakes and wastewater treatment plants
Irradiation of 20g of potassium bromide with 1,45% of 81Br into a sealed aluminum capsule for 8h under a neutron flux of 2x1013 cm-2.s-1 (final activity of 1Ci in 82Br)
5) Gold-198 - Impact study of great civil works (construction of artificial harbor, airport and hydroelectric reservoir) by labeling sand to be removed
from the bottom with emulsion of gold
Radiotracers for Industrial Applications
Radiotracers for Industrial Applications
A special irradiation device is filled with 40Ar . It is inserted into the reactor core and irradiated for 1 hour under a neutron flux of 5x1013 cm-2.s-1
6) Argon-41 - Study the gas phase in Fluidized Cracking Catalytic (FCC) plants
Irradiation container is pluged in a special system, which delivery the radiotracer directly into the shield bottles (final activity of 20Ci in 41Ar)
Argon-41 Production
Krypton-79 Production
Quartz bulb with 0.0449g of 99.9% 78Kr sealed into an aluminum capsule
Irradiated for 32h under neutron flux of 9.9 x1013 cm-2.s-1 (final activity of 600mCi in 79Kr)
7) Krypton-79 - Study the gas phase in Fluidized Cracking Catalytic (FCC) plants
After irradiation the aluminum capsule is taken from the reactor core and packaged into a proper shielding.
Krypton-79 Production
The aluminum capsule is opened into a hot cell with appropriate filters and then it is sent to the industrial plant inside a hermetic shielding
Krypton-79 Production
Final Remarks
In 2017 we celebrate the 60th anniversary of the first criticality of the IEA-R1 Research Reactor (International Workshop )
Although its long operation, the modernization program allows us to continue its safe and productive use of the IEA-R1 Research Reactor
The IEA-R1 Research Reactor is looking for new opportunities to enhance its industrial applications
Multipurpose Research Reactor (30MW)
MULTIPURPOSE
RESEARCH
REACTOR
OPERATIONRADIOISOTOPE PRODUCTION
DESIGN / CONSTRUCTION /COMMISSIONING
FUEL AND MATERIAL
TESTING
NEUTRON
APPLICATIONS
RADIOISOTOPES
FOR MEDICINE
RADIOISOTOPES
FOR INDUSTRY
RADIOISOTOPES
FOR RESEARCH
FUEL IRRADIATION
TEST
MATERIAL IRRADIATION
TEST
NAA NTD
TEACHING AND
TRAININGNUCLEAR PHYSICS
MATERIALS
SCIENCE
BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCESTECHNOLOGIC
APPLICATIONS
HUMAN RESOURCES
FOR DESIGNING
SITE
DEFINITION
PLANT DESIGN
FABRICATION
(CONTRACTS)COMMISSIONINGCONSTRUCTION
(CONTRACTS)
ENVIRONMENTAL
LICENSINGNUCLEAR
LICENSING
FINANCIAL SUPPORT NATIONAL
PARTNERSHIPS
INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERSHIPS
HUMAN RESOURCES FOR
UTILIZATION, OPERATION,
AND MAINTENANCE
UF6
20% ENRICHED
FUEL ASSEMBLIES
MANUFACTURE
UTILIZATION,
OPERATION, AND
MAINTENANCE
WORKSHOPS
IRR
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HOTCELLS FOR
POST-IRRADIATION
ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENTAL
DEVICES FOR FUEL
AND MATERIAL
IRRADIATION
TESTING
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LAWS AND
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FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR
UTILIZATION, OPERATION,
AND MAINTENANCE
COLD AND HOT
SUPPORTING
LABORATORIES
NEUTRON
RADIOGRAPHY
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
IAEA ARCAL
CXLVI/RLA1013 (2016-2019)
Creating Expertise in the
Use of Radiation Technology
for Improving Industrial
Performance, Developing
New Materials and Products,
and Reducing the
Environmental Impact of the
Industry