national industrial energy mapping strategy · 2017. 2. 8. · figure 2 shows many sectors that may...

CMC RESEARCH INSTITUTES | 3535 RESEARCH ROAD NW, CALGARY, AB, CANADA, T2L 2K8

National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITY STUDY

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http://www.cmcghg.com/

NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MAPPING STRATEGY | 1

Executive Summary While most companies take steps to maximize energy efficiency within their own operations, little is

known about the type, quantity, variability, and quality of waste energy streams which could be

captured and utilized to optimize energy efficiency on a regional scale.

Regional waste energy mapping defines, measures and implements regional-scale energy efficiency

solutions that help to reduce energy costs, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and improve

regional business competitiveness.

Natural Resources Canada has a mandate to help Canadian industries to increase their energy

efficiency and help to decrease GHG emissions. It is estimated that Canada’s industrial sector

rejects approximately 2,300 PJ of waste heat to the environment each year, and if 25% of this

energy could be recovered and deployed in useful ways it could save roughly $3 billion in energy

costs, and reduce GHG emissions by 27 megatonnes per year.

The first step in recovering this lost energy is to engage in regional industrial waste energy mapping

on a national scale. Energy mapping will help to identify regional clusters of industries where waste

energy may be available, and explore geographic relationships to potential recipients of the energy.

The development of a robust set of regional data concerning the geographic distribution of waste

energy resources can support municipal development, and accelerate the development of new

industries in each region that can commercialize technologies to take advantage of those wasted

resources.

NRCan has collaborated with the CMC Research Institutes team on the first regional energy

mapping study in North America with the completion of the “Community Integrated Energy Mapping

Feasibility Study in Alberta’s Industrial Heartland and Strathcona Industrial Area”. While this study

focused on the cluster of petro-chemical industries north-east of Edmonton, Alberta, NRCan would

like to build on the success of this project to implement a nation-wide program for energy mapping to

assist all types of industry across Canada.

NRCan has commissioned the current preliminary study which investigates a series of questions

around the industries that would benefit, the potential size of waste energy markets, the regions that

may be involved, technologies that could be employed, and the possible program format and costs.

Preliminary findings indicate that approximately 76% of Canada’s GHG emissions sources could

have a component that would benefit from waste energy mapping. Alberta is a key industrial

Province that would benefit, along with southern Ontario, the Quebec St. Lawrence River corridor,

BC’s lower coastline, and several regions in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.

The program is best facilitated by a team comprised of leadership from a neutral third party, a

technical expert, and a local industry liaison. The program format would include evaluation of

regional clustering of industry, surveys of publically available data sources, an understanding of

future growth plans, and analysis of regional opportunities and challenges, and would be facilitated

through preliminary workshops in each region, site visits and interviews with plant managers and

operators.

The costs associated with regional energy mapping typically range between $300,000 to $500,000

depending upon the number of industrial sites, their complexity, the quantity, quality and variability of

available waste energy, the geography and size of each region, and proximity to potential recipients

of waste energy.


Table of Contents

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... 1

1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3

2. Economic, environmental and social evidence to support the need for the recovery

of heat from industry .......................................................................................................................... 5

3. Characterisation of industrial waste energy – typical industries and typical heat forms ......... 9

4. Potential industry sectors, locations and potential level of improvement ................................ 11

5. Technologies for collection, storage and transportation of waste heat .................................... 15

6. Estimated energy / GHG reductions .............................................................................................. 20

7. Market potential for waste heat, internal and external to the industry ...................................... 20

8. Resource requirement to identify and quantify industrial waste heat ....................................... 22

9. Known barriers to industry participation and pragmatic approaches to overcoming them ... 22

10. Potential program format, cost estimates, roles for stakeholders, and funding partners ...... 23

10.1 Potential Program Format ....................................................................................................... 24

10.2 Roles for Stakeholders ............................................................................................................ 26

10.3 Cost Estimates .......................................................................................................................... 28

10.3.1 Development of a National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy .............................. 28

10.3.2 Implementation of National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy .............................. 28

10.4 Funding Partners ...................................................................................................................... 29

11. Timeframe for implementation ........................................................................................................ 30

12. Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 31


1. Introduction

Energy mapping has been identified by many organizations and governments as a process that

will enhance decision support, establish new capacities to address a variety of energy and

environmental issues simultaneously, enable energy market transformation, and reveal

regulatory barriers which are hindering the adoption of renewable energy sources. Many

communities across Canada have also produced Municipality Sustainability Plans and are

looking for tools like Energy Mapping to assist in delivering these plans.

The actual technology for capturing and distributing waste heat is well understood (for example,

district heating systems in Sweden are supplied with waste heat as far as 70 km from the

industrial source from which it is captured). However, the quantification of this resource on a

national scale has never been undertaken in Canada and thus the business case to use this

energy could never be investigated.

This Project will raise awareness among innovators, industry governments, municipal planning

departments and developers of a potential energy source and its associated business model.

This will assist in lowering the GHG impact of new communities significantly.

To that end, Natural Resources Canada has invited CMC Research Institutes to investigate the

preliminary steps in developing a National Industrial Waste Energy Mapping Strategy. This

report is a preliminary feasibility study that begins to address the following issues:

Economic, environmental and social evidence to support the need for the recovery of

heat from industry

Characterisation of industrial waste energy – typical industries and typical heat forms

Potential industry sectors, locations and potential level of improvement

Technologies for collection, storage and transportation of waste heat

Estimated energy / GHG reductions

Market potential for waste heat, internal and external to the industry

Resource requirement to identify and quantify industrial waste heat

Known barriers to industry participation and pragmatic approaches to overcoming them

Potential program format, cost estimates, roles for stakeholders, and funding partners

Timeframe for implementation.

Who is CMC Research Institutes?

CMC Research Institutes (CMC) is a federally incorporated, independent, not-for-profit business

with one key mission – accelerating innovation to eliminate industrial greenhouse gas

emissions. We do this through our research institutes, through the programs and services we

offer, and through special projects we accept and initiate. Our client groups include industry,

government, academic and non-academic researchers, technology developers and vendors,

and end users. The major industry sectors we serve are oil and gas, oil sands, electricity

generation and cement and chemical manufacturing.


CMC is a trusted and valued member of any collaborative team because we bring a neutral,

evidenced-based approach to projects. We provide the integration, translation, adaptation,

application development, field-testing, piloting, and scale-up services required to rapidly move

concepts from lab bench to field while effectively managing risk at every step of the way. More

can be learned about our institutes, programs and projects by going to www.cmcghg.com.

The subsequent sections of the report provide background to the list of questions posed by

NRCan regarding the development and implementation of a national strategy on industrial

waste energy mapping.

http://www.cmcghg.com/


2. Economic, environmental and social evidence to support

the need for the recovery of heat from industry

Canada is a signatory to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

which is an international treaty signed by over 190 countries in 1992 with the goal of preventing

dangerous human-induced climate change by agreeing to limit the emission of greenhouse

gases (GHG) into the atmosphere.

Signatories to the UNFCCC were called on in the 2009 Copenhagen Accord, and subsequently

in the 2010 Cancun Agreement, to pledge national GHG emission reductions projected to the

year 2020.

Under the Copenhagen and Cancun Agreements, Canada has committed to reduce its GHG

emissions to 17% below 2005 levels by 2020. To achieve these reductions, Canada has

chosen a sector-by-sector approach to designing GHG regulations which will encourage

emissions reductions throughout the entire economy.

Figure 1 below shows Canada’s GHG emissions trend over the period covered by the UNFCCC

treaty. The GHG emissions target set in Copenhagen (2009) is shown in the year 2020.

Figure 1: Canada's Greenhouse Gas Emissions between 1990 - 2012. From National Inventory Report 1990-2012.

There is a gap to bridge between the current emissions of greenhouse gases, and the

Copenhagen goal. To achieve the 17% reductions from the emissions rate in 2005 (which were

736 Mt CO2e), Canada must meet an emissions rate of approximately 610 Mt CO2e in 2020.

Canada’s emissions have been reducing since 2005 though a number of incentives and

regulations, however the year 2020 is only five years away, and we must make additional

reductions of approximately 89 Mt CO2e, or 12.7% from the latest emissions reported to the

UNFCCC in 2012.


To help address this gap, it is useful to break down the emissions by economic sector as shown

in Figure 2 for Canada in 2012. This breakdown gives an indication of where effort (and money)

is best spent in addressing GHG reductions.

Figure 2: Canada's greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector1 in 2012. From National Inventory Report 1990-2012

Figure 2 shows many sectors that may be improved through mapping of waste energy. These

include direct industrial sectors, but also can benefit other sectors such as Buildings which can

take waste heat from industry, or Electricity which can be offset through generation from waste

energy resources leading to zero-emissions electricity. Even agriculture may benefit from

industrial waste energy through using the recovered waste heat in industrial greenhouses. In

all, 76% of the emissions in Canada could have a component that derives a benefit from

mapping waste energy sources.

Canada is composed of 10 Provinces and three Territories, each of which has control of their

own resources and electricity production. As such, Canada’s GHG emissions as a whole are

composed of the emissions from each member of the federation and it is useful to disaggregate

the emissions by province as shown in Figure 3 to see where emissions are occurring.

1 Emissions Intensive & Trade Exposed Industries represent emissions arising from non oil and gas mining activities, smelting and refining, and the production and processing of industrial goods such as paper or cement. In the category of “Waste & Others”, the term “Others” includes coal production, light manufacturing, and forest products.


Figure 3: Canada's GHG emissions by Province in 1990, 2005, and 2012. From National Inventory Report 1990-2012

It is clear that Alberta is the highest total emitter of greenhouse gases, with Ontario a close

second. Emissions across Canada are strongly influenced by the economic activities in each

Province (primary resource extraction and processing, manufacturing, etc.), and by the source

of electricity in each jurisdiction with higher emissions associated with regions that rely on fossil

fuels versus those that have higher proportions of hydro-power. Even in regions with greater

reliance on renewable electricity, the majority of industrial heating and processing applications is

achieved through combustion processes and the fuels are typically fossil fuels such as coal, pet-

coke or natural gas.

Therefore in areas with higher industrial activity there is typically a higher consumption of fossil

fuels and a related increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Energy from these industrial

processes is lost to the atmosphere through stack losses, cooling process and through venting.

Companies that have not maximized on site operations will lose energy to the environment.

These companies can benefit from individual energy audits of their plants to increase their

energy efficiency. However, even if individual industrial plants are fully optimized for energy

efficiency, energy will be lost simply due to thermodynamic limits of the processes. In both the

inefficient plant and the fully efficient plant there are opportunities to capitalize on these waste

energy streams on a regional-scale to improve regional energy efficiency. It should be noted

that regional energy mapping is not simply energy auditing, but rather identifying waste energy

streams that may have value when the region is viewed holistically.

Larger cumulative energy savings are achievable by looking for efficiencies at scales larger than

just a single site. Optimizing single sites in isolation from the larger regional context ignores

potential efficiencies between sites. As a result, the greatest efficiency gains and GHG

reductions will be obtained from adopting a regional perspective which considers efficiency

gains between sites.


The following lists indicate a number of the environmental, economic, and social benefits of

engaging in regional waste energy mapping.

Environmental Importance

Improves energy efficiency within individual company operations;

Contributes to achieving regional energy efficiencies and verifiable GHG reductions at a regional scale;

Potentially improves regional air quality;

Accelerates the commercialization and adoption of innovative GHG reducing technologies; and,

Facilitates discussion about how to eliminate direct fossil fuel use for heating purposes in new communities in the region.

Economic Importance

Improves profitability and competitiveness by enabling industry to identify regional energy efficiency opportunities, reducing transaction costs, and reducing risks associated with technology investment decisions;

Facilitates community economic development and regional diversification by enabling efficiencies through industry clustering;

Enables identification of potential business opportunities that can arise from waste heat capture and distribution;

Enables characterization of particular energy technology needs and potential market sizes thereby supporting strategic technology investment decisions and the creation of vibrant open innovation communities; and,

Lowers reporting costs by facilitating the standardization of the way facilities and organizations report energy information.

Social Importance

Supports corporate community leadership when implementation solutions (greenhouses, district heating systems, micro-utility generation) exist;

Can improve local quality of life with reduced GHG emissions, improved air quality, potential for local food production (greenhouses), and learning opportunities for local schools surrounding demonstration projects;

Identifies and addresses the information sharing barriers that are preventing identification of regional-scale energy efficiency opportunities;

Identifies opportunities and barriers encountered by industrial parks or other regional developments seeking to achieve greater energy integration;

Facilitates a change in perspective among industry from viewing energy efficiency as a narrow set of technical issues within individual sites (e.g., heating & cooling systems, lighting, compressed air systems, motor systems, etc.) to viewing energy efficiency holistically across both a company and a region, helping to build momentum and interest by industry to identify and exploit energy integration opportunities to achieve greater productivity, increased competiveness, GHG reductions, and improved public image; and,


Supports decision-making processes by providing more detailed information to predict, or potentially monitor, the benefits of possible policy interventions (e.g., tax incentives, grants for technology improvement, etc.).

Environmental improvements in the form of reduced GHG emissions, economic benefits that

result from enhanced regional competitiveness and social benefits that improve regional

coordination regarding mutual challenges, are just a few examples of the evidence that regional

waste energy mapping can contribute to achieving long term GHG reduction targets.

3. Characterisation of industrial waste energy – typical

industries and typical heat forms

When conducting an initial scan of industries to include in a waste energy mapping study,

typically there is publically available data that is reported under government regulatory

requirements that may inform about the processes and heat sources and quantities. These

publically available data sources (NPRI reporting, GIS databases, reporting through industry

associations, etc.) are a good starting point that assists when transitioning to the interview and

data-collection phases of the project.

An initial scan indicates that industrial sectors across Canada that could benefit from waste

energy mapping include:

Electrical Power from thermal plants;

Oil and gas production (including oil sands);

Oil refining and upgrading;

Chemical and petrochemical plants;

Pulp and Paper mills;

Cement production;

Fish processing plants;

Data centres;

Iron, steel and other metallurgical production or processing;

Fertilizer production;

Textile production / dying; and,

Food and Beverage industry;

o Breweries;

o Distilleries;

o Sugar refining;

o Dairy processing;

o Meat processing;

o Edible Oil refining; and,

o Ethanol plants.


The typical forms of heat found in industry are from combustion sources, compression, and heat

rejection from refrigeration systems.

Combustion of fuels generally produces very high-temperature process heating in industry (with

flame temperatures between 1200 – 1400 °C), and results in high-temperature flue gases

generally greater than 250 °C. Combustion is used in industry for many processes, including:

Coal, natural gas, oil, and biomass furnaces for power production;

Smelting of ore;

Metallurgical heat treatment;

Evaporation (distillation, concentration);

Drying (wood products, textiles);

Industrial food processing;

Chemical cracking and chemical reacting;

Boilers for steam or hot water production; and,

Heating of ventilation air.

Compression is used in many gas-handling applications. In Canada natural gas is transported

via pipelines that require large (~1 MW) gas compressor stations to move the product to end

users. In industrial plants it is very common to find compressed gases for processes

(petrochemical and chemical plants) and compressed air for operation of tools. Refrigeration

systems also use compression to increase the pressure of the refrigerant. In each system the

act of compressing a gas will increase the temperature of the gas, and the excess heat is

generally rejected on the outlet side of the compressor. The temperature at which heat of

compression is rejected depends on the gas being compressed and the pressure difference. In

general, industrial compression systems reject heat at moderate temperatures between 80 °C to

230°C.

The lowest useful temperature of industrial waste heat generally occurs in the range below 80°C

for process cooling, and for rejecting heat from low-temperature applications such as building

heating and cooling. These lower-temperature waste heat sources typically use cooling towers

to reject heat to the atmosphere. There are challenges in recovering heat at lower

temperatures, however these sources can also be useful in applications such as heating of

greenhouses, or pre-heating of make-up water for boilers.

Almost every industrial sector in Canada incorporates combustion, compression, and heat

rejection from refrigeration systems. When these operations exist with proximity to each other

or to municipal development, they become viable candidates for regional waste energy

mapping. To accelerate innovation in the capture and redistribution of waste energy, knowledge

about the resources available must be collected and shared with industry, municipalities, and

potential third-parties who may be able to capitalize on the waste streams. Characterization of

the waste energy streams is first done through publically available data sources, and is further

refined and spatially characterized through GIS data and conversations with plant operators to

determine the variety of energy sources available, the quantity and quality (pollutant levels,

temperatures, pressures), and their proximity to residential or commercial heat recipients.


4. Potential industry sectors, locations and potential level of

improvement

A good indication of the industries, the locations, and the size of stationary emissions sources

across Canada (and North America) is presented in the North American Carbon Atlas Project.

This is a collaborative effort between Canada, the United States, and Mexico (respectively

through Natural Resources Canada, the US Dept. of Energy, and the Mexican SENER or

Secretariat of Energy) to communicate and cooperate on matters of common interest to each

country relating to energy and emissions. The goal of the North American Carbon Atlas Project

is to understand the size of CO2 emissions sources, their locations, and the geographic

relationship to potential geological carbon sequestration of greenhouse gases within

sedimentary basins beneath each nation. The following figures show stationary emissions

sources across Canada.

The industry sectors included in the North American Carbon Atlas Project are:

Agricultural Processing;

Cement;

Electricity production;

Ethanol;

Fertilizer;

Industrial;

Petroleum / Natural Gas; and,

Refineries / Chemicals.

Canada is involved in each of these sectors with applications varying by region. Figure 4

through Figure 7 show the locations and types of Canada’s largest emitters of greenhouse

gases. This is often a good proxy for waste heat that may be available in a location, since

emissions are closely associated with the combustion of fossil fuels.


Figure 4: Large stationary sources of CO2 in Canada, greater than 100,000 tonnesCO2e/year (2009)2

2 “The North American Carbon Storage Atlas 2012” www.nacsap.org ; Natural Resources Canada (Canada), SENER (Mexico), U.S. Dept. of Energy (USA); 2012

http://www.nacsap.org/


Figure 5: Stationary CO2 emissions sources in Western Canada3

Figure 6: Stationary CO2 emissions sources in Eastern Canada

3 http://gis.netl.doe.gov/NACAP/


Figure 7: Stationary CO2 emissions sources in Windsor, ON - Quebec City, PQ, corridor4(http://gis.netl.doe.gov/NACAP/

By examining the North American Carbon Storage Atlas, regions with high point-sources of

GHG emissions (and by extension large combustion sources) can be identified. Potential

Regions with high waste heat include:

Kitimat, BC (Industrial);

Prince George, BC (Refinery/chemical, industrial);

Richmond, BC (Cement);

Burnaby, BC (Refinery/Chemical);

Trail, BC (Industrial);

Sparwood, BC (Industrial);

Medicine Hat, Alberta (Fertilizer, Power generation);

Edmonton, Alberta (Refinery/Chemical, cement, Industrial);

Ft. McMurray, Alberta (Refinery/Chemical, Power generation);

Lloydminster, Saskatchewan (Petroleum/Natural Gas, power generation);

Estevan, Saskatchewan (Power generation, industrial);

Regina, Saskatchewan (Refinery/Chemical, Industrial);

Brandon, Manitoba (Fertilizer);

Sault Sainte Marie, Ontario (Industrial);

Sarnia, Ontario (refinery/chemicals, power generation, petroleum/natural gas);

Windsor, Ontario (refinery/chemicals, power generation);

Hamilton, Ontario (industrial);

Oakville, Ontario (refinery/chemicals, cement);

Oshawa, Ontario (Darlington Generating Station);

Brampton, Ontario (power generation);

4 http://gis.netl.doe.gov/NACAP/

http://gis.netl.doe.gov/NACAP/


Nanticoke, Ontario (power generation, refinery/chemicals, industrial);

Montreal / Laval, Quebec (refinery/chemicals, cement);

Quebec City, Quebec (refinery/chemicals, cement);

Saint John, New Brunswick (power generation, refinery, industrial);

Halifax/Dartmouth, Nova Scotia (power generation, refinery);

Sydney, Nova Scotia (power generation); and,

Arnold’s Cove, Newfoundland (refinery).

There are many locations with high GHG emissions across Canada. However the list will be

informed and refined through cross-referencing other data sources such as Provincial and

Territorial governments, industrial associations, network organizations, the Federation of

Canadian Municipalities, and municipal development plans for new industrial development,

commercial areas, hospitals and other infrastructure. In general a large source of waste energy

does not, by itself, make a good opportunity for capturing and redeploying that stream. Good

projects depend on a combination of the right characteristics (temperature, pressure, pollutant

levels) of the waste energy streams with the right proximity of synergistic industrial plants,

commercial areas, or dense residential areas that can receive the waste energy. These factors

will be identified through regional waste energy mapping.

5. Technologies for collection, storage and transportation of

waste heat

Waste heat is generally captured using heat exchangers, transported via fluid through a

pipeline, used in low-temperature applications such as building heating, upgraded to higher

temperatures, or converted to another energy form such as electricity. Storage options for heat

include large tanks of fluid (typically water), storage in the ground in thermal boreholes, or in

phase-change materials.

In several regions in Canada, such as BC’s lower mainland and Ontario’s region around

Leamington, waste energy from industry can be used to heat greenhouses for food production.

Greenhouse applications in other areas of Canada that are not traditionally associated with food

production can help to diversify the local economy while reducing the GHG emissions

associated with food transportation.

Table 1 provides an overview of current and available possible technologies for capturing,

upgrading, or converting waste heat to other useful energy forms. It should be noted that CMC

Research Institutes has a network of 160 international partners working on the leading edge of

developing new technologies for GHG reduction and industrial energy efficiency. These

agencies can be leveraged to help improve Canada’s industrial sectors.


Energy mapping could also be a technology driver for innovative technologies that are on the

horizon but not yet at commercialization. If the market is defined, it will pull technology

developers and accelerate commercialization.

Table 1: Overview of Technologies to Capture and Use Waste Heat

Heat Capture

Non-Condensing Heat

Exchanger

In combustion applications, the products of combustion are

composed of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Non-condensing

heat exchanger drops temperature of combustion exhaust to

temperatures ABOVE the condensation temperature of the water

vapor contained in the flue gas. With non-condensing heat

transfer the sensible component of heat energy only is collected.

The dew point temperature of the flue gases (when condensation

begins) depends on the moisture content of the flue gas.

Condensing Heat

Exchanger

Lots of heat is contained in the water vapor that leaves a flue stack

from a combustion process. Condensing heat exchangers drop

the temperature of flue gases BELOW the condensation

temperature of the moist flue gases. In these systems, both

sensible and latent heat energy are collected.

There may be contaminants in the flue gases (such as SOx, NOx,

and CO2 itself) that may cause the condensate to become acidic,

which may lead to corrosion issues with the heat exchanger and

the flue stack. These engineering issues can be addressed with

careful selection of materials, and with treatment of the

condensate to a neutral pH.


Transport Membrane

Condenser

The Transport Membrane Condenser is a relatively new

technology which uses a porous ceramic to collect moisture from

flue gases through capillary action. The ceramic is highly

resistant to corrosion, and can be made to be highly selective so

that only water itself moves through the ceramic and pollutants

remain in the flue gases.

With transport membrane condensers sensible heat, latent heat

and demineralized water are collected.

Water generation may be an important feature of this technology

for industrial sites with water demand operating in water-restricted

areas.

Heat Pipes Heat pipes use sealed pipes containing a refrigerant that absorbs

heat at one end and rejects the heat at the other end. When heat

is applied, the refrigerant boils and the vapors move to the highest

point in the pipe due to buoyancy. A cooling stream is passed

over the exterior of the pipe where the vapors collect, which

causes the refrigerant to condense back into a liquid and drop to

the bottom of the pipe due to gravity. The use of wicking materials

within the heat pipe can allow the pipe to operate in orientations

other than vertical. The refrigerant cycles automatically based on

temperature differences between the two ends of the pipe.

Because the heat pipe depends on convection for the heat

transfer mechanism, the effective thermal conductivity is very high

compared to using material properties alone. Heat pipes can

have effective thermal conductivities up to 100,000 W/m.K which

is very high even compared to copper, a very heat conductive

material, which has a thermal conductivity of ~400 W/m.K.

Temperature Upgrade

Steam Recompression Low pressure steam can be re-compressed which increases the

temperature and pressure, thus increasing the usefulness of the

steam in industrial processes. This option must be considered

carefully as it takes a high quality energy source (electricity) to

recompress the steam which is a lower quality energy. However,

there may be processes internal to an industrial site that require

steam and in these cases it may be advantageous to use

electricity to recompress an existing waste steam source.


Heat Pumps Heat Pumps use electricity to drive vapor-compression cycles that

take heat from a low temperature source and reject the heat to a

high temperature sink. The coefficient of performance (COP) of

heat pumps can be quite high – on the order of 4 or 5 – meaning

that for every kW of electrical input, 4 or 5 kW of heat is rejected

at the high temperature side of the device.

The newest generation of heat pumps using CO2 as working fluid

can have hot side up to 130 degrees C with COP of 2. These

temperatures can generate process steam using heat pump.

Heat to Cooling

Absorption Chillers Absorption chillers are counter-intuitive devices that use heat

source to drive a cooling effect. The cycle uses a binary fluid

solution in which heat is added to vaporize one of the components

(the refrigerant) out of solution while the other remains liquid. The

refrigerant is directed to a heat exchanger where heat is rejected

to atmosphere and refrigerant condenses to liquid. The liquid

refrigerant is passed through a restriction where the pressure

drop causes the liquid to evaporate and absorb heat from an

external source. The gaseous refrigerant is absorbed into the

carrier fluid and the cycle begins again.

Absorptions chillers can be used on industrial sites for process

cooling, or to cool inlet air for air compressors, aerial coolers, or

gas turbines which increases efficiency of these devices.

Electricity Generation

Rankine Cycle (Steam

Turbine)

The Rankine cycle is one of the most common thermodynamic

power cycles, and generally uses water as the working fluid.

If waste heat from industrial processes is at a high enough

temperature, steam can be generated and passed through a

turbine to generate electricity. Due to the high temperatures

involved, a steam power plant can be quite efficient. However,

this type of power plant requires many skilled operators which

means that only large projects typically make economic sense.


Organic Rankine Cycle

(ORC)

ORC machines generates electricity with the same

thermodynamic cycle as a Steam cycle, but with an organic

working fluid (eg. Toluene, pentane, or other refrigerants) that has

a lower boiling point.

ORC machines operate with inlet temperatures ranging 80 degC

to 300 degC. Above these temperatures is the operating range

of steam turbines.

ORC machines have cycle efficiencies from 8% to 20%

depending on temperature difference between inlet and outlet,

with higher temperature drop leading to higher efficiencies.

Useful heat can also be recovered from the outlet side with

temperatures suitable for space heating or low-temperature

process heating.

Kalina Cycle The Kalina Cycle is similar to the ORC but uses a binary working

fluid in a mixed solution. The different fluids have different boiling

points, which means that more heat can be recovered over a

wider range of temperatures from the heat source than with a

single-fluid ORC machine.

The Kalina cycle machine operates like a combined-cycle power

plant, but with less machinery. Efficiency gains of 10% - 20% are

possible over single-fluid ORC machines.

Thermo-Electric Thermo-electric generators operate on the Seebeck Effect in

which a temperature difference causes electric current to flow in

a bi-metalic junction. It is an effect that allows heat to be

converted directly into electricity based on material properties.

The device requires high temperatures (~250 degC) and offer

typical efficiencies of 5 – 8%. Thermo-electric generators are

mostly used in remote sites where waste gas is available and the

cost of extending the electricity grid to the site is prohibitive. The

devices sometimes have the generators surrounding gas burners

to produce a high temperature difference, however the effect will

work with any high temperature source. Thermo-electric

generators have the advantage of no moving parts meaning they

are very robust and low maintenance.


Technology is always advancing, and the same is true of methods to capture, transport, store

and use waste energy streams. The quantity of heat that is lost to the environment from the

Canadian industrial sector is quite large and contributes to our high per capita GHG emissions,

and high cost per unit of GDP. Since the quantity of waste energy is large, there are many

research groups around the world who are developing improvements to the existing

technologies listed above as well as developing completely novel solutions. Each technology

fits a niche, so it is important to match the waste energy resources to the end-users by using the

most appropriate technology. Once the resource of waste energy and the potential recipients of

the energy are identified in a region, potential projects can be explored by convening workshops

with the stakeholders and equipment suppliers or technology developers.

6. Estimated energy / GHG reductions

In the Canadian industrial sector, approximately 2,300 PJ of energy is rejected to the

environment as waste heat5. If 25% of this waste energy is recoverable, the resulting useful

energy would be worth approximately $3-billion, and the recovery would reduce greenhouse gas

emissions by approximately 27 megatonnes.

7. Market potential for waste heat, internal and external to

the industry

The decision-making process for developing market opportunities for waste energy capture and

redeployment is currently hampered by a lack of information about the waste energy resources

that are available and the synergistic consumers in the vicinity of industrial plants. Regional

waste energy mapping can play a central role in removing this barrier and to fostering

innovation and partnerships between industry and the communities in which they work.

Mapping of waste energy resources in a spatial format that many stakeholders can access and

use in different ways is an enabling step that has the potential to increase technology

development, enhance environmental protection, and increase economic activity in a diversified

way.

By completing the “Community Integrated Energy Mapping Feasibility Study in Alberta’s

Industrial Heartland and Strathcona Industrial Area” (http://cmcghg.com/about-

u/publications/studies-and-projects/), it was clear that there is a hierarchy of possible markets to

redeploy waste energy in a regional sense. Energy is lost or degraded in converting from one

type to another. Also energy is lost in transporting heat over long distances, meaning end-use

of heat within a radius on the order of tens of kilometers is necessary. The best strategy is to

use any wasted heat in a heating application and to use it as close to the producer as possible.

At an industrial plant this likely means finding ways to use the heat on-site. Depending on the

5 “Market Study on Waste Heat and Requirements for Cooling and Refrigeration in Canadian Industry”, Stricker and Associates Inc., 2007.

http://cmcghg.com/about-u/publications/studies-and-projects/

http://cmcghg.com/about-u/publications/studies-and-projects/


quality of the heat, high-temperature waste energy could be redeployed within the process, or

for ancillary heating applications on the site such as heating of bulk liquid storage tanks or for

heating buildings.

Another use for waste heat energy is to convert it to a more valuable type of energy, namely

electricity. Electricity is a high-price utility that can represent a significant proportion of non-

personnel operating costs. There are several technologies available that can use heat sources

over a wide range of temperatures to generate electricity, including Organic Rankine Cycle

machines, Kalina Cycle plants, Stirling Engines, and the traditional steam cycle power plant.

Electricity can be used internally to the industrial plant to offset electricity imported from the grid,

which decreases operating costs and also decreases the greenhouse gas emissions associated

with grid electricity.

Electricity generated from waste energy in an industrial plant can be used internally, or it can be

exported from the plant to provide a revenue stream. A key benefit of using this method of

redeploying waste energy is that electricity is transmittable over long distances using the

existing electrical grid in each Province. This can assist the electric system operator in each

Province to meet the growing demand for electricity while decreasing greenhouse gas

emissions associated with generation.

Electricity generation has the added benefit that heat rejected from the power plant is often of a

high enough temperature to provide space heating or domestic hot water heating. In this way,

waste energy from industry can be “cascaded” through several different value-adding

applications that operate at different temperatures.

From the perspective of an industrial plant that is generating waste heat, the general strategy for

redeploying the heat is:

Internal use as process heat.

Internal conversion to electricity.

Export as electricity.

Export as heat.

From the perspective of potential heat consumers, energy mapping can assist municipalities in

developing urban planning that supports eco-industrial parks, district heating and more effective

management of public infrastructure. Heat captured from industry can be very useful in public

applications (libraries, swimming pools, etc.), in commercial or institutional building heating, or in

heating of private homes. However the key to these district heating applications is information

regarding the match between waste heat that is available versus the heating demand in the

vicinity. Regional waste heat mapping provides a snapshot of the geographic distribution of

heat energy currently vented to the atmosphere, and provides the information that is critical in

initiating district heating systems. With 2,300 PJ of heat lost to the environment from Canadian

industries each year, the market potential for waste energy recovery and redeployment is

immense. Waste energy put to use will help to increase energy efficiency and decrease

Canada’s high $/GDP ratio. Also, it can help to reduce our national GHG emissions to bring us

towards our UN reduction targets of 17% below 2005 levels by 2020.


8. Resource requirement to identify and quantify industrial

waste heat

The resources required to identify and quantify industrial waste heat include:

An effective team composed of neutral third-party leadership, technical expertise, and

local industry associations (see Section 10.2);

Knowledge of the barriers for participation (see Section 9);

Understanding of costs (see Section 10.3); and,

An implementation plan and format (see Section 1).

The sum of the four components listed above will result in targeted energy efficiency

improvements and GHG reductions across the industrial regions identified and included in the

project.

9. Known barriers to industry participation and pragmatic

approaches to overcoming them

Energy mapping encourages collaboration between plant owners or operators who may not

otherwise have an opportunity to meet or work together, and it was noted at meetings and

engagement events that increasing neighbourly relations amongst the personnel from different

plants was, itself, an important outcome of the study. Also, these stakeholders often come from

a view of maximizing energy efficiency within their own fence-line. They were encouraged

through the energy mapping exercise to engage with common goals of holistic energy use in the

community. Working collaboratively, they were able to share ideas, voice concerns, and

contribute to solutions for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reductions on a regional scale.

Such engagement increases the chance of success for the mapping phase of a project such as

this, and encourages companies to move to the implementation phase by establishing common

goals.

The following lists describe some of the socio-economic, and technical barriers to the

implementation of regional waste heat mapping, along with ways that mapping can address the

challenges.

Main Socio-Economic Barriers:

Lower return on investment of waste heat recovery investments means that such

projects are unlikely to be funded relative to other internal projects offering far higher

rates of return;

The large distances between industrial facilities and recipients of heat makes energy

integration more costly and difficult; and,

Zoning for low-density development around industrial parks makes it more costly and

challenging to develop a district heating system.


Main Technical Barriers:

Increasing plant complexity and thus operational risks;

Onsite expertise to operate waste heat recovery technologies which are typically not part

of their core operations;

Shut down times needed to insert innovative technologies;

Risk associated with implementing new technologies; and,

“First to be second” – typically industry players want others to take the first risk.

Some ways that Regional Waste Heat Mapping can address challenges:

Makes it easier to identify available waste energy so companies can identify potential

synergies on their own;

Evaluate opportunities for creating shared utilities so new companies can simply tap into

these systems rather than building their own utility systems on their sites;

Potential to lower capital costs and make the region more attractive to outside

companies; and,

Regional municipalities can use the data to plan future infrastructure, or promote

symbiotic industrial development.

In summary, many elements must come together to make a viable project. From previous and

ongoing energy mapping work, CMC Research Institutes is able to convene and coordinate the

elements and has experience mitigating potential barriers to participation that may arise.

10. Potential program format, roles for stakeholders, cost

estimates, and funding partners

The essential components that must come together to form a viable regional waste energy

mapping project are described in the equation below:

To ensure a successful national roll-out of waste energy mapping, we will follow an approach

that develops each of the required components described in the equation above. The following

sections will describe the program in terms of: (a) potential program format, (b) roles for

stakeholders, (c) broad cost estimates, and (d) potential funding arrangements.

Effective Team + Local Collaborators/Partners + Addressing barriers to participation

+Quality waste heat resources + Effectve mix of regional sources and recipients +

Implementation Plan + Funding

=

Viable Project.


10.1 Potential Program Format

The program format will follow a three-phase approach that has been successful in similar

regional energy mapping projects. This is a generic approach that will apply in each region that

is included in the program. The phases include:

Proposal Development: Specific and focused on identified regional opportunities

Phase 1: Identifying and communicating with stakeholders in each region;

Phase 2: Data collection and analysis; and,

Phase 3: Implementation of solutions.

The different phases of the project are described below.

Proposal Development

Prior to initiating a waste energy mapping study in any one region, some groundwork must be

completed. This may be thought of in terms of a proposal development phase in which the

goals of the project are established, the candidate regions are identified, regional funding

partners are contacted, and commitments can be made around funding and timelines. The

fulsome knowledge acquired while developing a National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy

(10.3.1) will be very valuable in developing successful proposals for identified locations across

Canada.

Phase 1: Identify Stakeholders and Communicate Goals

Identify and engage all potential participants in the project;

Provide a vision and overview for the steps, timelines and potential of the project;

Gather feedback from stakeholders regarding these elements, especially with regard to

data collection, limits of acceptable use of data and reporting of results;

Understand the implications for regional clusters that offer integrated energy solutions.

Understand the variety of energy uses in each region;

Identify energy storage and regional transportation challenges for each region

Identify policy input opportunities (industrial, provincial, federal);

Understand potential for external funding (i.e., industry associations, Provincial

governments, Natural Resources Canada, etc.); and,

Draft a project plan that integrates all outcomes, priorities and concerns that will result in

targeted and measureable implementation opportunities on a regional scale.

Phase 2: Collect and Understand the Data

Propose non-disclosure agreements to each of the industry participants to reinforce trust

that their data will be protected;


Collect baseline information on waste energies across the regions in the study, or

strategically select sites that are promising based on industry types and proximity to

potential users of waste heat;

o Data can first be gathered from publically available sources such as the National

Pollutant Release Inventory, publically accessible GIS databases, and industry

associations such as the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers;

o Next, a desktop review of plant drawings and other information provided by plant

operators or managers will provide more detail on the specific processes within

each plant; and,

o Finally, a site visit to each plant and face-to-face meetings with managers and

operators will fill in the unknowns about the energy flows within the plant;

Convene a diverse set of experts to identify potential on-site and regional uses for the

waste heat identified, and evaluate innovative technology solutions;

Strategically evaluate and rank order potential opportunities in terms of environmental

impacts (primarily greenhouse gases, but potentially also water use and other impact

categories), technical feasibility, and economics;

Provide a final report;

Communicate data summaries back to individual companies and to regional

stakeholders such as municipalities more broadly; and,

Rank order options to be analyzed more rigorously.

Phase 3: Implement Solutions

Provide support services to implement the viable solutions that emerge from Phase 1

and 2, starting with a small number of regions across Canada, and a small set of

companies that offer the greatest chance of demonstrating value.

Establish monitoring and reporting mechanisms on key performance metrics to enable

companies to claim GHG reductions

Contribute to the development of networks in each Province that can share knowledge

from energy mapping and the deployment of innovative technological solutions.

Leveraging the data and information collected, along with expert knowledge, should

reduce costs for implementing innovation.

Maintain a focus on working collaboratively with project member companies to build on

existing expertise, improve capacity and enhance methods for communicating results.


10.2 Roles for Stakeholders

Throughout the completion of the “Community Integrated Energy Mapping Feasibility Study in

Alberta’s Industrial Heartland” and from ongoing work with the Canadian Oil Sands Innovation

Alliance, an effective model for defining the business case for waste energy implementation

opportunities has emerged. It consists of a three-way partnership as follows:

CMC Research Institutes – provides project management, funding, technical support,

operations and connectively to potential recipients of any waste energy;

Alberta Innovates Technology Futures – provides technical expertise and report

development support; and,

Local industry leadership in the form of an association or alliance – provides connection

and community with the companies involved.

Figure 8 shows the tri-lateral structure of partners in the project, where CMC Research Institutes

and Alberta Innovates Technology Futures will work together across Canada, as two-thirds of

the team. In each region in which a project is initiated, local stakeholders will provide extremely

valuable local leadership as the third element of the collaboration.

Figure 8: CMC Research Institutes and AITF working with partners in each region across Canada

Regional

Municipality

Industrial

Association

Plant

Operators and

Managers

Region N


CMC Research Institutes will work with Alberta Innovates Technology Futures (AITF) to provide

leadership on the National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy. AITF was the technical partner

for the Alberta Industrial Heartland waste heat mapping study and good relationships have been

maintained. Both CMC and AITF are neutral third parties who do not represent any industrial

sector or technology solution, nor are they interested in holding intellectual property. This team

has a proven track record in managing confidential information in projects with multiple

stakeholders, and we have developed accountability and respect amongst our peers for being

inclusive, collaborative and transparent. The combined personnel from CMC and AITF provides

industrial expertise, engineering talent, connection to regulators, access to innovative

technology providers, and access to a wide array of international researchers.

The Alberta Industrial Heartland project demonstrated the usefulness of a collaboration with a

wide variety of stake-holders, and this is the best approach to take with the Canada-wide study.

In each region across Canada, the CMC-AITF team will identify industrial associations, regional

economic development agencies, and representatives from local municipalities to collaborate

with. Developing good relationships with people actively engaged on a daily basis in each

region will contribute to trust, and facilitate the transition from project initiation through data

collection. The agencies within each region will provide local leadership, knowledge of local

regulations, knowledge of unique local drivers (incentives available, GHG reduction targets,

etc.), and they can act as local champions for change.

The proposed structure would be applied in each of the regions included in the project,

regardless of industry sector type. The industry association is the element that brings the

sector-specific knowledge and contacts for each region included in the project.

This triangular structure is important to providing leadership, expertise, and continuity of the

project across the country, and for having local representation and knowledge from industry and

municipal partners.

It is important to manage the project in an objective and transparent fashion and this can be

accomplished through a neutral, independent third-party such as CMC Research Institutes.

CMC has a proven track record acting in the role of convener and bridge-builder able to find

synergies across sectors, and is able to facilitate consortium projects from early stages to

completion. Also CMC is able to leverage an international network of experts from 160 research

groups worldwide.

The main characteristics of a region for inclusion in the study is clustering of industrial activity in

reasonable proximity to each other and to potential end-users of waste heat that may be

collected and redeployed. These elements along with the geographic distribution of waste

energy streams, their quantities, and their qualities will determine if a region is appropriate for

inclusion in the waste energy mapping. The initial scan will conducted using high-level,

publically available data sources, and the list of potential regions to include or exclude will be

refined with information that comes from sources more closely associated with those areas such

as regional economic development plans and municipal infrastructure plans.


10.3 Cost Estimates

Cost estimates are described for 2 aspects of implementation (1) development of a National

Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy, and (2) the implementation of the strategy.

10.3.1 Development of a National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy

Costing associated with developing a National Industrial Waste Energy Mapping Strategy will

vary according to a number of factors.

The program could be arranged differently depending on the goals defined for the project. If the

goal is to have participation from each of the Provinces and Territories regardless of industrial

activity within their borders, then at least 13 workshops and regional energy mapping

investigations must be conducted. This approach would enhance “inclusiveness” amongst

Provincial agencies and make for a truly national program. However, industrial activity is

generally not dispersed evenly throughout all Provinces in Canada, so the GHG reductions

could be reduced when looked at from a national perspective.

Alternatively, if the goal is to maximize GHG reductions across the country while being less

concerned about regional representation or balance, then a more focussed approach would be

considered. In this instance, the program may identify many regional opportunities in one area

(southern Ontario, for example), but there may be no opportunities in other Provinces or

Territories. At this time CMC Research Institutes would recommend the approach to maximize

GHG reductions, however the program format will have to be discussed with NRCan.

The likely costs to develop the National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy would be on the

order of $150,000. These funds would be used to:

Define Provincial and Territorial audiences (government, industry, innovation, etc.);

Host a series of introductory workshops across Canada;

Identify the target regions in each Province and Territory to include in the study;

Preliminary regional data acquisition from publically available sources;

Initial assessment of regional waste heat supply;

Initial assessment of heating demand in each region;

Define the regional potential for waste energy mapping;

Prioritize actions by region and by maximum GHG reductions;

Understand funding sources available in each region;

Implement the plan.

10.3.2 Implementation of National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy

There is a sliding scale of potential program implementation costs based on the number of

regions identified where waste energy mapping would be beneficial, their relative sizes,

geographic distribution and the number of companies within each region. Larger regions also

have added travel costs and greater data analysis effort to define the business case. Diversity

of industries in an area leads to greater potential for synergistic waste energy integration across

a region, but there is also more data, different standards for tracking data in different


companies, different process regulations, technology solutions and expertise required. As well,

with many partners in a project like this (governments, industry associations, companies,

technology developers, etc.) there are challenges and process issues to navigate. Meaningful

results are built on a foundation of high-quality data. While some data is publically available, the

partner industrial companies must also provide high quality information about their plants to fill

in gaps in knowledge. Processes to acquire this data have been developed (surveys,

interviews, site visits), but there is a time commitment from both the company personnel and the

project team to gather this data. There are many variables and challenges to understand in

developing the appropriate budget. It will also be important to determine with the companies and

their regional industrial associations what other sources of funding may be available in their

areas.

From experience it will cost between $300,000 (small area, low number of industries, suppliers

close to recipients) to $500,000 (large area, high number of participants) per region to do

Phases 1 and 2 of the project. Either way the return on that investment is positive. Phase 3

should not require any funding since the industry players themselves will be investing in the

implementation based on business modelling of the energy recovery opportunities identified for

their plants, but there may also be a need for some small measure of incentive in the form of tax

breaks, write-off of first year of CAPEX, access to rotating fund or other innovative funding

models.

10.4 Funding Partners

A combination of Federal, Provincial, corporate, and industry association funds would be

required to administer individual energy mapping projects in each of the regions included in the

Program. The Program would be composed of individual regional projects that would be

defined by the Provinces or Territories as part of the National Industrial Energy Mapping

strategy development.

CMC Research Institutes has been compiling a searchable database of potential funding

partners across Canada and internationally. Possible funding partners working in industrial

energy efficiency may include:

Natural Resources Canada;

Provincial governments;

Provincial Climate Secretariats;

Utilities across Canada (Ontario Power Authority, ENMAX, Enbridge, BC Hydro, etc);

Industry Associations across Canada;

Cement Associations;

Canadian Gas Association;

Western Diversification (WD);

Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC);

Canadian Industrial Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre (CIEEDEC);

EMERA Incorporated;

Canadian Clean Power Coalition;

Canadian Energy Partnerships Program;


National Advisory Council on Energy Efficiency (NACEE);

Efficiency Nova Scotia;

Provincial Climate Secretariats, and

FedDev Ontario.

11. Timeframe for implementation

The timeline for the development of a National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy would likely

take 12 months.

The implementation of waste energy mapping (Phases 1 and 2) in any one region would likely

span two federal fiscal years. Energy mapping activities in multiple regions can take place in

parallel. Having concurrent Phase 1 and 2 activities occurring in multiple regions may be

beneficial as patterns may emerge that can be applied to subsequent regions in the study. The

time frame is somewhat dependent upon the number of promising regions that are identified,

and the number of industry stakeholder in each region who are willing to participate in the study.

Phase 3 activities - installing heat capture and distribution equipment in plants - are dependent

upon completing Phases 1 and 2, and identifying good opportunities to take forward into design

and construction. The timeframe for Phase 3 activities are dependent upon the types of

technologies to be deployed and the dates allocated by the host plant for shut-down and

maintenance activities. Implementation efforts would be engaged as identified. We would hope

to engage at least one energy recovery project in each region over the next 5 years.

CMC Research Institutes is an international organization with ties to the US. It is clear from the

Carbon Storage Atlas and other resources that there is major industrial activity and GHG

emission sources throughout North America. The work done on regional energy mapping in

Canada would have great utility in the United States to provide the information needed to

accelerate industrial energy efficiency and reduction of greenhouse gases from a continental

perspective. CMC Research Institutes has been in contact with the Consulate General of the

United States, and with the Heat is Power trade association headquartered in Chicago. Each is

interested in moving forward with regional industrial energy mapping in the USA (Wyoming,

Ohio, Illinois, Texas).

Recent announcements from the US Federal Government for greater reductions in GHG

emissions indicate that strategies around increasing energy efficiency in the industrial sector

may be well received in the USA. These announcements may accelerate GHG reduction

targets for Canada and Mexico as well to match those of our largest trading partner.


12. Summary

Current knowledge of industrial heat emissions is, at best, inferred quantification. In reality,

many industries do not even monitor their waste heat, and consider it solely a cost of doing

business. A national strategy for industrial waste energy mapping would create a methodology

for the assessment and quantification of low-grade heat sources across Canada using

generalized techniques that would be applied to any industrial sector.

Energy efficiency improvements represent some of the most effective, accessible and low cost

solutions to reducing GHG emissions, saving money and improving productivity.

Energy mapping is a cost effective planning tool process that enables regional heat integration

opportunities to be uncovered before developments commit to energy systems that do not take

advantage of existing forms of energy. Ultimately, industrial energy mapping is a visual

presentation of regional energy supply and demand that describes the resource potential and

enables the creation of a business case for a heat Utility to provide energy to an end user or

community. The advantage of using this tool is that energy demand and geographic relevance

to the heat provider are used as the prime drivers to assess the economic and social

opportunity of this investment.

In recent years, there has been success with industrial waste energy mapping in Canada. Now

is the time to leverage this success into a full-fledged national program.

A National Industrial Energy Mapping Program will raise awareness among industry leaders,

innovators, government of all levels, municipal planning departments and developers of a

potential energy source and its associated business model.

This Program is needed to:

Enable Canadian industries to become more energy efficient. The amount of low-quality waste heat lost to the environment from the Canadian industrial sector is estimated to be 2,300 PJ annually. However, the information on energy type, quantity, and quality of energy supply and demand needed to identify regional efficiency and renewable energy opportunities does not currently exist in any standardized way across Canada. Such information sharing barriers on the availability of, and demand for, “non-conventional” energy sources mean that opportunities to re-use energy cannot be identified. Low-cost methods of obtaining such information are needed.

Support Technology Investment Decisions. Typically, decisions about energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy are made based on the operational requirements at an individual facility. While such site-specific evaluation is effective at this scale, it does not enable identification of broader-scale, regional efficiency and renewable energy opportunities that could involve multiple sites. Regional energy mapping is needed to discover such opportunities.

Advance Canada’s Commitment to Reduce Environmental Impacts by: o Developing ways to remove regional information barriers preventing identification of

energy integration opportunities in industrial areas, thereby enabling reduction of environmental impacts.

o Providing tools and methodologies that other municipalities or initiatives in Canada could use to more accurately assess the resource potential of regional industries.


Support Development of Next Generation Technologies by:

o Enabling characterization of particular energy technology needs, thereby supporting

strategic technology investment decisions and the creation of vibrant open innovation

communities. Widespread deployment of energy mapping would also enable

identification of the potential market sizes for different technologies (e.g., heat

reclamation, heat storage) as they are developed.

Contributes to Canadian Prosperity and Competitiveness by:

o Improving profitability and competitiveness by enabling industry in the Heartland to

identify regional energy efficiency opportunities, reduce transaction costs, and

reduce risks associated with large-scale heat capture and heat transfer technology

investment decisions. Facilitates community economic development and

diversification by enabling efficiencies through industry clustering that are achieved

through heat integration and increasing regional district heating system capacity.

This report provides evidence that there is a solid business case for the development of a full

National Industrial Energy Mapping Strategy and Program for implementation across Canada.

Recent announcements from the US Federal Government for greater reductions in GHG

emissions indicate that strategies around increasing energy efficiency in the industrial sector

may be well received in the USA as well. These announcements may accelerate GHG

reduction targets for Canada and Mexico as well, to match those of our largest trading partner.

Industries, businesses and governments across Canada who are investing in new technologies

are faced with a challenging set of decisions. CMC is the only group in Canada to offer Regional

Energy Mapping programs and services. Now is the time to build this out as a national

program.

national industrial energy mapping strategy · 2017. 2. 8. · figure 2 shows many sectors that may...

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