national incident management system - an introduction (is-700)
TRANSCRIPT
National Incident
Management System -
An Introduction(IS-700)
National Incident Management System
NIMS grew out of Federal concern with the absence of an ICS that was standard across the nation.
While originally ICS was the focus, NIMS soon grew into an entire emergency management organization system.
NIMS is extremely similar to the California Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS)
The National Incident Management System
NIMS provides a consistentNIMS provides a consistent nationwide approach for respondingnationwide approach for responding to all kinds of incidents – no matter to all kinds of incidents – no matter what the size, scope, cause or what the size, scope, cause or complexity.complexity.
Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 ordered the
establishment of a National Incident Management System (NIMS).
The National Incident Management System
• Applicable at all jurisdictional levels and across functional disciplines
A comprehensive, national approach to incident management
• Improve coordination and cooperation between public and private entities
• Be applicable across a full spectrum of hazard scenarios
What is the chief benefit of NIMS?
The National Incident Management System
• It is Applicable across jurisdictions and functions.
• Used for all types of emergencies
• Encourages interoperability
• Enhances the ability of different classes of responders to work effectively together
The National Incident Management System
• NIMS provides a NIMS provides a flexible flexible frameworkframework that facilitates government andthat facilitates government and private entities working together toprivate entities working together to manage domestic incidents. manage domestic incidents.
• NIMS provides a set of standardized organizational structures, as well as requirements for processes, procedures, and systems.
CONCEPTS and PRINCIPLES
National Incident Management System Components
NIMS is comprised of several components that work together as a system to provide a national framework for preparing for, preventing, responding to, and recovering from domestic incidents
• Command and Management
• Preparedness
• Resource Management
• Communication and Information Management
• Supporting Technologies
• Ongoing Management and Maintenance
National Incident Management System
COMPONENT 1
Incident Command And Management
• NIMS employs two levels of incident management structures depending upon the nature of the incident (ICS and MACS).
• NIMS requires that responses to all domestic incidents utilize a common management structure.
• ICS represents organizational “best practices” and has ICS represents organizational “best practices” and has become the standard for incident management across the become the standard for incident management across the countrycountry
• ICS is interdisciplinary and organizationally flexible to meet the needs of incidents of any kind, size or complexity.
Features of the Incident Command System
ICS has several features that make it well suited to managing incidents.
• Common terminology• Organizational resources
• Manageable Span of Control• Organizational facilities• Use of position titles• Reliance on an Incident Action Plan (IAP)• Integrated communications
• Accountability
Features of the Incident Command System (2)
• Common Terminology The ability to communicate within ICS is critical ICS requires the use of common terminology In addition to standard titles for facilities and positions, the use of “clear text” is essential
Uncommon Terminology: “Response Branch, this is HazMat1. We are 10-24.”
Common Terminology: “Response Branch, this is HazMat1. We have completed our assignment.”
Features of the Incident Command System (3)
• Organizational Resources
Resources are “typed” with respect to capability; i.e., personnel, facilities, major equipment.
• Manageable Span of Control
Maintaining adequate span of control throughout the ICS organization is critical.
Effective span of control may vary from three to seven.Effective span of control may vary from three to seven.
Features of the Incident Command System (4)
• Organizational Facilities
Common terminology is also used to:
Define incident facilities
Help clarify the activities that take place at a specific facility
Identify organizational members at the facility
Features of the Incident Command System (5)
• Use of Position Titles
ICS positions have distinct titles
• Learning and using standard terminology helps reduce Learning and using standard terminology helps reduce confusion between the day-to-day position occupied by an confusion between the day-to-day position occupied by an individual and his/her position at or during the incidentindividual and his/her position at or during the incident
Only the Incident Commander is called “Commander”
Only the heads of Sections are called “Chief”
ICS Position Titles and Organizational Levels
Organizational Level Title
Incident Commander SEOC Director (Policy Chief)
Command Staff Officer
General Staff (Section) Chief
Branch Director
Division / Group Supervisor
Unit Leader
Strike Team / Task Force Leader
Use of Position Titles – Supervisory Levels
ICS Relies on Incident Action Plans
Reliance On An Incident Action Plan
• IAPs provide a coherent means to communicate the overall incident objectives in the context of both operational and support activities.
• IAPs depend on management by objectives to accomplish IAPs depend on management by objectives to accomplish response tactics.response tactics.
• Objectives are used to:
Develop and issue assignments, plans, procedures and protocols
Direct efforts to attain the objectives in support of defined strategies
ICS Requires Integrated Communications
Integrated Communications
Integrated communications include:
• The “hardware systems that transfer information
• Planning for the use of all available communication frequencies and resources
• The procedures and processes for transferring information
Accountability is a Critical ICS Feature
Accountability
• Effective accountability at all jurisdiction levels and within individual functional areas during an incident is essential.
• To that end, ICS requires:
An orderly chain of command
Check-in for all responders
Unity of command
NIMS produces two familiar concepts but gives them new (or federal specific) meanings
UNIFIED COMMAND AND AREA COMMAND
NIMS recommends variations in incident management. The two most common variations
involve the use of:
Unified Command means grouping together many agencies with different functions
UNIFIED COMMANDMulti-Agency Response
UNIFIED COMMANDUNIFIED COMMAND( Fire, Police, EMS, Public Works )
Finance/Administration
LogisticsPlanningOperations
Example of Unified Command: A hazardous materials spill that contaminates a Example of Unified Command: A hazardous materials spill that contaminates a nearby reservoir may require that FD, Water Authority, LEPC, Health and nearby reservoir may require that FD, Water Authority, LEPC, Health and
Environment respond to the incident.Environment respond to the incident.
UNIFIED COMMAND
How Does It Work?
• Agencies work together to:
Analyze Intelligence Information
Establish Objectives and Strategies for a single IAP
• Unified Command does not change other features of ICS
Participate in the decision-making process
Area Command is used to group responses to multiple incidents in the same jurisdiction or incidents with a
response area that crosses jurisdictions
AREA COMMANDAREA COMMAND
ICP 3ICP 3
An Area Command is an organization established to oversee the management of:
Area Command is particularly relevant to public health emergencies Area Command is particularly relevant to public health emergencies because these incidents are typically not site specific and may cross because these incidents are typically not site specific and may cross
jurisdictionsjurisdictions
ICP 2ICP 2ICP 1ICP 1
• Multiple incidents, each being managed by an ICS of its own
• Large incidents that cross jurisdictional boundaries
Area Command: What does it do?
The Area Command has responsibility for:
• Setting overall strategy and priorities
• Allocating critical resources
• Ensuring proper incident management
• Ensuring that objectives are met.
• Ensuring that strategies are followed.
Area Command: How is it organized?
FinanceLogisticsPlanning
An Area Command is organized similarly to a an ICS structure, but ...
Because operations are conducted on-scene, and area Because operations are conducted on-scene, and area commands are not scene based, there is no Operations Sectioncommands are not scene based, there is no Operations Section
AREA COMMANDAREA COMMAND
Multi-agency Coordinating Systems
(What Are They?)
MACS are a combination of resources that are integrated into a common framework for coordinating and supporting domestic incident management activities. These resources MAY include:
• Facilities
• Equipment
• Personnel
• Procedures
• Communications
Multi-agency Coordinating Systems
(What Do They Do?)
The primary functions of Multiagency Coordination Systems are to:
• Support incident management policies and priorities
• Facilitate logistics support and resource tracking
• Coordinate interagency and intergovernmental issues regarding incident management policies, priorities, and strategies
• Coordinate incident related information
Multi-agency Coordinating Systems
(What Do They Do?)
The primary functions of Multi-agency Coordination Systems are to:The primary functions of Multi-agency Coordination Systems are to:
• Support incident management policies and priorities
• Facilitate logistics support and resource tracking
• Coordinate incident related information
• Coordinate interagency and intergovernmental issues regarding incident management policies, priorities, and strategies• Make resource allocation decisions based on incident Make resource allocation decisions based on incident management prioritiesmanagement priorities
Multi-agency Coordinating Systems Elements
Multi-agency Coordinating Systems include EOCs and in certain multi-jurisdictional or complex incidents, Multi-agency Coordination Entities
Emergency Operations Center
• Locations from which coordination of information and resources take place.
Multiagency Coordination Entity
• Typically consist of principles from organizations with direct incident management responsibilities, or with
• Are typically established by the emergency management agency at the local, tribal or State levels.
• Significant incident management support or resource capabilities
Multi-agency Coordinating Systems Elements
Emergency Operations Center organization and staffing is flexible, but should include:
EOCs may also support multi-agency coordination and joint EOCs may also support multi-agency coordination and joint information activities.information activities.
• Coordination (Operations)
• Communications (Logistics/Operations)
• Resource dispatching and tracking (Logistics) • Information collection, analysis, and dissemination (Planning/Logistics)
Multi-agency Coordinating Systems Elements
Multi-agency Coordination Entity Incident Responsibilities include:
• Providing strategic coordination.
• Ensuring each agency is providing necessary status information.
• Establishing priorities between incidents
• Acquiring and allocating required resources.
• Coordinating and identifying future resource requirements.
• Coordinating and resolving policy issues.
Multi-agency Coordinating Systems Elements
Multi-agency Coordination Entity Post-incident Responsibilities
Following an incident(s) MAC Entities are typically responsible for ensuring revisions are acted on and may include revisions made to:
• Plans
• Procedures
• Communications
• Staffing
• Other capabilities necessary for improved incident management.
National Incident Management System
Public Information Officer
• Advises the Incident or SEOC Command on all public information matters related to the management of the incident, including:
• Establishes and operates within the parameters established forEstablishes and operates within the parameters established for the Joint Information System (JIS)the Joint Information System (JIS)
Media and public inquiries Emergency public information and warnings Rumor monitoring and control Other functions necessary for coordinating, clearing and
disseminating accurate and timely information
Joint Information System (JIS)
• Key elements include:
• Includes plans, protocols, and structures used to provide information.
• Provides an organized, integrated, and coordinated mechanism for providing information to the public in an emergency.
interagency coordination and integration, developing and delivering coordinated messages, and support for decision-makers.
Joint Information Center (JIC) (formerly JENC)
• The physical location where PI staff can co-locate to perform the following functions:
critical emergency information, crisis communications, and public affairs.
• Provides a central location for integrated and coordinated information across jurisdictions and agencies, among all government partners, the private sector, and non-governmental agencies
Joint Information Center (2)
• Provides the organizational structure for coordinating and disseminating official information.
• In Unified Command, those contributing to joint public In Unified Command, those contributing to joint public information management do not lose their individual identitiesinformation management do not lose their individual identities or responsibilities.or responsibilities.
• Incident Commanders and Multiagency Coordinating Entities are responsible for following functions:
establishing and overseeing JICs, including processes for coordinating and clearing public information.
Levels of Joint Information Centers
• JICs may be established at all levels of government.
• All JICs must communicate All JICs must communicate and coordinate with each other and coordinate with each other on an on-going basis using on an on-going basis using established JIS protocols.established JIS protocols.
Joint Information Centers Characteristics
JICs have several characteristics in common:
Includes representatives of all players in the management of an incident .
Each JIC must have procedures and protocols forcommunicating and coordinating effectively with other JICs and appropriate ICS components.
• A single JIC is preferable, but the JIS must be flexible to accommodate multiple JICs.
Typical Joint Information Center Organization
Joint Information Center
Press Secretary (jurisdictional)
Liaison(as required)
Research Team Media Team Logistics Team
Additional functions may be added as required to meet the public information needs of the incident(s)
National Incident Management System
Primarily applies to jurisdictions not fire departments.
PFD maintains a planning process that produces SOPs and this process is on-going.
What Is Preparedness?
Preparedness:
• Is a key, critical phase of the emergency management cycle.
• Involves all of the actions required to establish and sustain the level of capability necessary to execute a wide range of incident management operations.
• Is implemented through a continuous cycle of : planning, training and equipping, exercising evaluating, and taking action to correct and mitigate.
What Is Preparedness? (Continued)
Preparedness:
• Ensures mission integration and interoperability in response to emergent crisis.
• Includes efforts to coordinate between public and private sectors.
• Is the responsibility of individual jurisdictions in coordinating their activities among all preparedness stakeholders.
Preparedness Tools
National-level preparedness standards related to NIMS will be maintained National-level preparedness standards related to NIMS will be maintained and managed through a collaborative process at the NIMS Integration and managed through a collaborative process at the NIMS Integration CenterCenter
NIMS provides tools to help ensure and enhance preparedness. These tools include:
• Preparedness organizations and programs that provide or establish processes for planning, training, and exercising.
• Personnel qualification and certification
• Equipment certification
• Mutual aid
• Publication management
Responsibilities of Preparedness Organizations
Preparedness organizations at all levels should follow NIMS standards Preparedness organizations at all levels should follow NIMS standards and undertake the following tasks:and undertake the following tasks:
• Establish and coordinate emergency plans and protocols.
• Adopt guidelines and protocols for resource management.Adopt guidelines and protocols for resource management.
• Establish priorities for resources and other response requirements.
• Integrate and coordinate the activities and jurisdictions within their purview. • Establish guidelines and protocols to promote interoperability among jurisdictions and agencies.
• Establish and maintain multi-agency coordination mechanisms.
Preparedness Planning
• Preparedness plans describe how personnel, equipment, and other resources will be used to support incident management.
• Plans represent the operational core of preparedness and provide mechanisms for:
Setting priorities Integrating multiple entities and functions Establishing collaborative relationships Ensuring that communications and other systems support the complete spectrum of incident management activities.
Types of Preparedness Plans
Jurisdictions must develop and maintain several types of plans, including:
• Corrective Action or Mitigation Plans – which includes activitiesCorrective Action or Mitigation Plans – which includes activities required to implement procedures based on lessons learned from actual required to implement procedures based on lessons learned from actual incidents or training and exercises.incidents or training and exercises.
• Recovery Plans – Actions to be taken to facilitate long-term recovery
• Emergency Operations Plans (EOPs) – How jurisdiction will respond to emergencies.
• Procedures – Overviews, SOPs, field operations guides, job aids, etc.
• Preparedness Plans – How training needs will be identified and met, howresources will be obtained, facilities and equipment required for hazards.
Training & The NIMS Integration Center
Training and Exercises
Organizations and personnel at all levels (governmental and private sector) must:
• Be trained to improve all-hazard incident management capability
• Participate in realistic exercises to improve integration and interoperability.
NIMS Integration CenterNIMS Integration Center
To assist jurisdictions in meeting these needs the NIMS Integration Center will:
• Facilitate the definition of general training requirements and approved courses for all NIMS users.courses for all NIMS users.
• Review and approve discipline-specific training requirements and courses.
• Facilitate the development and dissemination of national standards.
• Facilitate the use of modeling and simulation in T&E programs.
Personnel Qualification and Certification
• Personnel certified to support interstate incidents will be required to meet national qualification and certification standards.
• Managed by the NIMS Integration Center standardization will help ensure a jurisdictions key response personnel will possess minimum skills, knowledge, and experience. Standards to include:
Training Experience Credentialing Currency Physical and mental fitness.
• Under NIMS, preparedness is based on national standards for the qualification and certification of emergency response personnel.
NIMS Certification of Equipment
• A critical component of operational preparedness is that equipment:
Performs to certain standards, and
Is compatible with equipment used by another jurisdiction.
Facilitate the development and/or publication of national equipment standards, guidelines, and protocols.
Review and approve lists of emergency responder equipment thatReview and approve lists of emergency responder equipment that meet national requirements.meet national requirements.
• To facilitate national equipment certification, the NIMS Integration Center To facilitate national equipment certification, the NIMS Integration Center will:will:
Mutual Aid Agreements and EMAC
• Jurisdictions (including States) are encouraged to enter into agreements with:
Other jurisdictions
Private sector and non-governmental organizations
Private organizations, i.e., American Red Cross
Mutual Aid Agreements and the Emergency Management Assistance Compact:Mutual Aid Agreements and the Emergency Management Assistance Compact:
• Facilitates the timely delivery of assistance during an incidentFacilitates the timely delivery of assistance during an incident
• Provide the means for one jurisdiction to provide resources or other support to another during an incident.
National Incident Management System
What is Resource Management?
• Establishing systems for describing, inventorying, requesting, and tracking resources. • Activating those systems prior to, during and after an incident.
• Dispatching resources prior to, during and after an incident.
• Deactivating or recalling resources during or after an incident.
Resource management involves four primary tasks:
Resource Management Concepts
• Providing a uniform method of identifying, acquiring, allocating, and tracking resources.
• Classifying kinds and types of resources required to support incident management.
• Using a credentialing system tied to uniform training and certification standards.
• Incorporating resources contributed by private sector and non-governmental organizations.
Resource management under NIMS is based on:
Managing Resources
• Resource “typing” involves categorizing resources by capability Resource “typing” involves categorizing resources by capability based on measurable standards of capability and performance.based on measurable standards of capability and performance.
• To assist local managers, NIMS includes standard procedures, methods, and functions in its resource management functions.
• By following the standards established by NIMS, resource managers are able to identify, order, mobilize, etc. resources more efficiently.
Defines more precisely the resource capabilities needed to meet specific requirements.
Designed to be simple to facilitate frequent use and accuracy
Managing Resources (2)
• Certification and credentialing help ensure that all personnel Certification and credentialing help ensure that all personnel possess a minimum level of training, experience, physical and possess a minimum level of training, experience, physical and mental fitness for the position they have been tasked to fill.mental fitness for the position they have been tasked to fill.
• Resource managers identify, refine, and validate resource requirements throughout the incident by using a process to identify:
Who and How Much are needed. Where and When it is needed. Who will be receiving it.
Managing Resources (3)
• Requests for items that the Incident Commander cannot obtain Requests for items that the Incident Commander cannot obtain locally MUST be submitted through the EOC or MAC entity.locally MUST be submitted through the EOC or MAC entity.
• Resource tracking and mobilization are directly linked. Resource arrivals on-scene must be checked in, processed, and order validation.• Resource managers use established procedures to track resources Resource managers use established procedures to track resources continuously from mobilization thru demobilization.continuously from mobilization thru demobilization.
• Managers should plan for demobilization at the same time they begin the mobilization process.
• Recovery involves the final disposition of all resources.
• Reimbursement provides a mechanism for funding critical needs .
National Incident Management System
Communications and Information Management Principles
Communications and Information Management Principles
• Communications and information management are based on the following concepts and principles:
A common operating picture that is accessible across jurisdictions and agencies is necessary.
A common operating picture helps to ensure consistency at all A common operating picture helps to ensure consistency at all levels, among all who respond to or manage incident response.levels, among all who respond to or manage incident response.
Common communications and data standards are fundamental.
Principles of Supporting Technologies
• NIMS will leverage science and technology to improve capabilities at a lower cost .
1. Interoperability and compatibility.
• NIMS will base its supporting technology on five key principles:
2. Technology support.
3. Technology standards.
4. Broad-based requirements.
5. Strategic Planning and R&D.
Managing Communications and Information
• NIMS communications and information systems enable the essential functions needed to provide a common operating picture and interoperability for:
Incident management communications.
Interoperability Standards.
Information Management.
• The NIMS Integration Center will also develop a national database for incident reports.