national geodetic survey - university of washington

NATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEY9/10/01

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Table of Contents

Title Page

Acronyms 'R Us

NATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEY

NATIONAL SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM


Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

METADATA

THE ELLIPSOID MATHEMATICAL MODEL OFTHE EARTH

ELLIPSOID - GEOID RELATIONSHIP

UNITED STATES ELLIPSOID DEFINITIONS

HORIZONTAL DATUMS

THE GEOID AND TWO ELLIPSOIDS

COMPARISON OF DATUM ELEMENTS

NAD 27 and NAD 83

VERTICAL DATUMS

COMPARISON OF VERTICAL DATUMELEMENTS

NGVD 29 and NAVD 88

GEODETIC CONTROL

INTERNATIONAL TERRESTRIAL REFERENCESYSTEM

Author: Dave Doyle

Email: [email protected]

Home Page: www.ngs.noaa.gov


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mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PC_PROD/WorkShops/PPT/SPCS/www.ngs.noaa.gov


TECTONIC MOTIONS

HORIZONTAL TECTONIC MOTIONS

VERTICAL TECTONIC MOTIONS

NAD 83 and ITRF

NAD 83 - ITRF Shifts

PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEMS

UNIVERSAL TRANSVERSE MERCATOR (UTM)

STATE PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEMS

TANGENT PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEM

LAMBERT CONFROMAL CONIC WITH 2STANDARD PARALLELS

TRANSVERSE MERCATOR



COORDINATE CHANGES (STATE PLANE)

WHAT YOU NEED TO USE THE STATE PLANECOORDINATE SYSTEMS

STATE PLANE COORDINATE COMPUTATION


REDUCTION TO THE ELLIPSOID



REDUCTION TO ELLIPSOID

REDUCTION TO GRID

COMBINED FACTOR

GRID AZIMUTH COMPUTATION




GROUND LEVEL COORDINATES

GROUND LEVEL COORDINATES PROBLEMS

GROUND LEVEL COORDINATES “IF YOU DO”

Status of Coordinate Legislation -- April 2000

GEODETIC CONTROL DATA SHEET




IMPROVING POSITIONAL ACCURACY

Autonomous Positioning: Before May 1, 2000

Standalone Positioning: Since May 1, 2000

Standalone Positioning: By 2011

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS(GNSS)

GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GIS


GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GIS CLASSICAL

GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GIS 21stCENTURY

“CLASSICAL” GPS NETWORKS

“21st Century” GPS NETWORKS


GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GIS“BLUE-BOOK”

GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GIS LOCALMAINTENANCE

NAD 83 NETWORK PROBLEMS

HIGH ACCURACY REFERENCE NETWORKS



FEDERAL BASE NETWORK (FBN)

COOPERATIVE BASE NETWORK (CBN)


USER DENSIFICATION NETWORK (UDN)

HARN ADJUSTMENT

NAD 83 READJUSTMENT

NAD 83 READJUSTMENT

NAD 83 READJUSTMENT

NEW STANDARDS FOR GEODETIC CONTROL

DATUM TRANSFORMATIONS



CONVENTIONAL TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM (CTS)



EARTH - CENTERED COORDINATES

SOFTWARE UTILITIES

MOLODENSKY TRANSFORMATION

I NEED TO TRANSFORM BETWEEN WGS 84AND NAD 83

DATUM TRANSFORMATION - IDEAL METHOD

NADCON

COORDINATE COMPARISON NAD 27 to NAD83(1986)


COORDINATE COMPARISON NAD 83 (1986) toNAD 83(1993)

CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCESTATIONS (CORS)






CORS Coverage September 2000

CORS Sampling Rates

LUBBOCK Regional Reference Point

CORS DATA SHEET

CORS DATA SHEET

CORS DATA QUALITY

Geography without Geodesy is a Felony



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The National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) is thatcomponent of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure(NSDI) - [http://www.fgdc.gov/nsdi/nsdi.html] whichcontains all geodetic control contained in the NationalGeodetic Survey (NGS) Data Base. This includes: A, B,First, Second and Third-Order horizontal and verticalcontrol, Geoid models such as GEOID 99, precise GPSorbits and Continuously Operating Reference Stations(CORS), and the National Shoreline as observed byNGS as well as data submitted by other Federal, State,and local agencies, Academic Institutions and theprivate sector

●

NATIONAL OCEAN SERVICE

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CORS DATA QUALITY



PPT SlideGOOD COORDINATION BEGINS WITH

GOOD COORDINATES

GEOGRAPHY WITHOUT GEODESY IS A FELONY

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METADATA



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THE ELLIPSOID



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UNITED STATES



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HORIZONTAL DATUMS



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NAD 27 and NAD 83



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VERTICAL DATUMS



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COMPARISON OF VERTICAL DATUM ELEMENTS



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NGVD 29 and NAVD 88



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GEODETIC CONTROL



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INTERNATIONAL TERRESTRIAL



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TECTONIC MOTIONS



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NAD 83 and ITRF



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LAMBERT CONFROMAL CONIC



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TRANSVERSE MERCATOR



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COORDINATE CHANGES



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WHAT YOU NEED TO USE THE STATE PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEMS



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REDUCTION TO GRID



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COMBINED FACTOR



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GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS



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FEDERAL BASE NETWORK



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COOPERATIVE BASE NETWORK



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USER DENSIFICATION NETWORK



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HARN ADJUSTMENT



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NAD 83 READJUSTMENT



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CONVENTIONAL TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM



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SOFTWARE UTILITIES



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I NEED TO TRANSFORM



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NADCON



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COORDINATE COMPARISON



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CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE STATIONS (CORS)



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CORS DATA SHEET




INFORMATION CENTER●

(301) 713-3242●

[email protected]● ●


WEB SITE

http://www.ngs.noaa.gov




PPT SlideACRONYMS US


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STATE PLANE COORDINATES

and


TEXAS SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL SURVEYORS

AUSTIN

MARCH 23, 2001

Dave Doyle

National Geodetic Survey

Senior Geodesist

[email protected], (301) 713-3178

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CORS DATA QUALITY


CORS DATA QUALITY



ACCURATE -- cm accuracy on a global scale● ●

MULTIPURPOSE -- Supports Geodesy, Geophysics,Land Surveying, Navigation, Mapping, Charting andGIS activities

●

●

ACTIVE -- Accessible through Continuously OperatingReference Stations (CORS) and derived products

●

●

INTEGRATED -- Related to International services andstandards (e.g. International Earth Rotation Service,International

●

GPS Service etc.)● ●





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METADATA

METADATA IS DATA ABOUT DATA●

DATUMS

NAD 27, NAD 83(1986), NAD83 (199X), NGVD29, NAVD88❍

●

●

UNITS

Meters, U.S. Survey Feet, International Feet, Chains, Rods, Pole❍

●

ACCURACY●

A, B, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 3cm, Scaled● ● ●



METADATA


THE ELLIPSOID MATHEMATICAL MODEL OFTHE EARTH

●

b

a

a = Semi major axis

b = Semi minor axis

f = a-b = Flattening

a

N

S



THE ELLIPSOID


ELLIPSOID - GEOID RELATIONSHIP●

H

h

Ellipsoid

GRS80

H = Orthometric Height (NAVD 88)

N

Geoid

H = h - N

PERPENDICULAR

TO ELLIPSOID

PERPENDICULAR

TO GEOID (PLUMBLINE)

DEFLECTION OF THE VERTICAL

DEFLEC99

TOPOGRAPHIC SURFACE

h = Ellipsoidal Height (NAD 83)

N = Geoid Height (GEOID 99)

GEOID99




UNITED STATES ELLIPSOID DEFINITIONS● ● ●


CLARKE 1866

a = 6,378,206.4 m 1/f = 294.97869821

GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEM 1980 - (GRS 80)

a = 6,378,137 m 1/f = 298.257222101

WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1984 - (WGS 84)

a = 6,378,137 m 1/f = 298.257223563

BESSEL 1841

a = 6,377,397.155 m 1/f = 299.1528128


UNITED STATES


HORIZONTAL DATUMS

BESSEL 1841 -------------- LOCAL ASTRO DATUMS(1816-1879)

●

NEW ENGLAND DATUM (1879-1901)●

U.S. STANDARD DATUM (1901-1913)●

NORTH AMERICAN DATUM (1913-1927)●

NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1927●

OLD HAWAIIAN DATUM●

CLARKE 1866 PUERTO RICO DATUM●

ST. GEORGE ISLAND - ALASKA●

ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND - ALASKA●

ST. PAUL ISLAND - ALASKA●

AMERICAN SAMOA 1962●

GUAM 1963●

GRS80 ----------- NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1983

(As of June 14, 1989)❍

●


HORIZONTAL DATUMS


THE GEOID AND TWO ELLIPSOIDS●


GRS80-WGS84

CLARKE 1866

GEOID

Earth Mass

Center

Approximately

236 meters




COMPARISON OF DATUM ELEMENTS●

NAD 27 NAD 83● ●

ELLIPSOID CLARKE 1866 GRS80

a = 6,378,206.4 m a = 6,378,137. M❍

1/f = 294.9786982 1/f = 298.257222101❍

❍

●

DATUM POINT Triangulation Station NONE

MEADES RANCH, KANSAS EARTH MASS CENTER❍

❍

●

ADJUSTMENT 25k STATIONS 250k STATIONS

Several Hundred Base Lines Appox. 30k EDMI Base Lines❍

Several Hundred Astro Azimuths 5k Astro Azimuths❍

Doppler Point Positions❍

VLBI Vectors❍

❍

●

BEST FITTING North America World-Wide●




NAD 27 and NAD 83


NAD 27 and NAD 83


VERTICAL DATUMS●

MEAN SEA LEVEL DATUM OF 1929● ●

NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929●

(As of July 2, 1973)● ●

NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988●

(As of June 24, 1993)●



VERTICAL DATUMS


COMPARISON OF VERTICAL DATUMELEMENTS

●

NGVD 29 NAVD 88●

❍ ●

DATUM DEFINITION 26 TIDE GAUGES FATHER’SPOINT/RIMOUSKI

●

IN THE U.S. & CANADA QUEBEC, CANADA❍

●

BENCH MARKS 100,000 450,000● ●

LEVELING (Km) 102,724 1,001,500● ●

GEOID FITTING Distorted to Fit MSL Gauges BestContinental Model

❍

●


COMPARISON OF VERTICAL DATUM ELEMENTS


NGVD 29 and NAVD 88


NGVD 29 and NAVD 88


GEODETIC CONTROL●

NETWORK OF MONUMENTED POINTS● ●

PRECISELY MEASURED IN ACCORDANCE●

WITH STANDARD PROCEDURES● ●

MEET ACCURACY SPECIFICATIONS● ●

ADJUSTED TO TIE TOGETHER● ●

DOCUMENTED FOR MULTIPLE USE●



GEODETIC CONTROL




DEVELOPED AND MAINTAINED BY THE

INTERNATIONAL EARTH ROTATION SERVICE

PARIS, FRANCE FROM:

(http://hpiers.obspm.fr/)

VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY - (VLBI)

SATELLITE LASER RANGING - (SLR)

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM - (GPS)

DOPPLER ORBITOGRAPHY AND RADIO POSITIONING

INTEGRATED BY SATELLITE - (DORIS)





GEOCENTRIC +/- 3 to 4 CM● ●

MODELS FOR PLATE TECTONICS● ●

STATION VELOCITIES● ●

POSITIONAL STANDARD ERRORS● ●

REALIZED AS THE INTERNATIONAL TERRESTERIALREFERENCE FRAME (ITRF)

●





TECTONIC MOTIONS


TECTONIC MOTIONS


NAD 83 and ITRF●


ITRF

NAD 83

Earth Mass

Center

2.2 m (3-D)

dX,dY,dZ

GEOID


NAD 83 and ITRF


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PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEMS●

STATE PLANE AND UNIVERSIAL TRANSVERSEMERCATOR GRID COORDINATES ARE A DIRECTMATHEMATICAL CONVERSION FROM LATITUDE ANDLONGITUDE TO A CARTESIAN NORTHING ANDEASTING (Y & X) COORDINATE SYSTEM, AND MUSTMAINTAIN THE SAME DATUM TAG [e.g. NAD 83(1993)]AS THE LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

●

● ●






http://www.nima.mil/GandG/pubs.html●

The Universal Grids: Universal Transverse Mercator(UTM) and Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) -TM8358.2

●

● ●

Transverse Mercator Projection●

Zones 6o Longitude World-Wide●

Northing Origin (0 meters- Northern Hemisphere) at theEquator

●

Easting Origin (500,000 meters) at Central Meridian ofEach Zone

●

NAD 27 and NAD 83 both defined in meters●

NAD 27 to NAD 83 shift = 200-225 meters for U.S.● ●






NOAA Manual NOS NGS - 5 “State Plane CoordinateSystem of 1983”

●

● ●

Lambert Conformal Conic and Transverse MercatorProjections

●

International, State and County Boundaries●

NAD 27 - Coordinates in U.S. Survey Feet●

NAD 83 - Coordinates Metric w/State Defined FootConversion

●

1 Meter = 3.280833333 U.S. Survey Feet●

1 Meter = 3.280839895 International Feet●

NAD 27 to NAD 83 VERY large Positional Shifts● ●





TANGENT PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEMNATIONAL OCEAN SERVICE

Tangent Plane

Single Point of Contact






Approximately 158 miles

CENTRAL MERIDIAN

STANDARD PARALLELS

Nn

Ns

80




TRANSVERSE MERCATORNATIONAL OCEAN SERVICE

CENTRAL MERIDIAN

80

SCALE EXACT

SCALE EXACT

SCALE < 1

SCALE > 1

SCALE > 1


TRANSVERSE MERCATOR




CENTRAL MERIDIAN

80

Convergence angles (a)

always positive East

Convergence angles (a)

always negative West

The Convention of the Sign of the Convergence Angle

is Always From Grid To Geodetic






CENTRAL MERIDIAN

STANDARD PARALLELS

Nn

Ns

80

SCALE EXACT

SCALE EXACT

SCALE < 1

SCALE > 1

SCALE > 1

Grid Scale Factor




COORDINATE CHANGES (STATE PLANE)

STATION: DRYDEN WEST BASE●

TEXAS SOUTH CENTRAL ZONE (NAD 27/NAD 83)●

Northing Easting Converg Angle Scale Factor●

820671.30 ft. 998181.46 ft. -1o 33’ 05.5” 0.99994161●

4,250,173.558 m. 294,613.069 m. -1o 33’ 06.2”0.99994165

●

●

(13,944,111.08 ft)* (966,576.38 ft)*●

(13,944,138.78 ft)# (966,578.30 ft)#●

(27.70) (1.92)●

* Converted using U.S. Survey Foot, 1 M =3.2808333333 Ft.

●

# Converted using International Foot, 1 M =3.2808398501 Ft.

●



COORDINATE CHANGES


WHAT YOU NEED TO USE THE STATE PLANECOORDINATE SYSTEMS

N & E STATE PLANE COORDINATES FOR CONTROLPOINTS

●

●

AZIMUTHS●

- Conversion from Astronomic to Geodetic●

- Conversion from Geodetic to Grid (Mapping Angle)● ●

DISTANCES●

- Reduction from Horizontal to Ellipsoidal●

“Sea-Level Reduction Factor”●

- Correction for Grid Scale Factor●

- Combined Factor●



WHAT YOU NEED TO USE THE STATE PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEMS



LOCKHILL 2●

N = 4,191,087.651 meters●

E = 639,910.862 meters●

Orthometric Height (H) = 323.908 meters●

Geoid Height (N) = - 24.95 meters●

Laplace Correction = - 3.41”●

Grid Scale Factor (k) = 0.99987072●

Meridian Convergence (g) = + 0o 12’ 06.4”●

Observed Astro Azimuth (aA) = 253o 26’ 14.9”●

Horizontal Distance (D) = 1010.387 meters●





STATE PLANE COORDINATE COMPUTATION●

N1 = N + (Sg x cos ag)●

E1 = E + (Sg x sin ag)● ●

Where:●

N = Starting Northing Coordinate●

E = Starting Easting Coordinates●

Sg = Grid Distance●

ag = Grid Azimuth●





REDUCTION TO THE ELLIPSOID●

h

N

H

R

Earth Radius

6,372,161 m

20,906,000 ft.

Earth Center

S

D

S = D x R

R + h

h = N + H

S = D x

R + N + H

R●





R = _____________

N

1 - e’2 cos2 N cos2 a

N = _____________

c

(1 - e’2 cos2 N)1/2

c = a2/b





c = a2/b

c = 6,378,1372 / 6,356,752.314

c = 6,399,593.626

N = _____________

6,399,593.626

(1 - 0.000673950 cos2 30o 29’ 48.47740”)1/2

N = _____________

6,399,593.626

(1 - 0.000673950 x 0.787543759)1/2

N = _____________

6,399,593.626

(0.999469236)1/2

N = 6,401,292.641





S = D x [R / (R + h)]●

D = 1010.387 meters (Measured Horizontal Distance)●

R = 6,372,162 meters (Mean Radius of the Earth)●

h = H + N (H = 324 m, N = - 25 m)●

= 299 meters (Ellipsoidal Height)● ●

S = 1010.387 [6,372,162 / 6,372,162 + 299]●

S = 1010.387 x 0.999953079●

S = 1010.340 meters●





REDUCTION TO GRID●

Sg = S (Geodetic Distance) x k (Grid Scale Factor)● ●

Sg = 1010.340 x 0.99987072❍

●

= 1010.209 meters●



REDUCTION TO GRID


COMBINED FACTOR

CF = Ellipsoidal Reduction x Grid Scale Factor (k)● ●

= 0.999953079 x 0.99987072● ●

= 0.999823805● ●

CF x D = Sg● ●

0.999823805 x 1010.387 = 1010.209 meters●



COMBINED FACTOR



ag = aA + Laplace Correction - g●

= 253o 26’ 14.9” (Observed Astro Azimuth)●

+ (- 3.4)” (Laplace Correction)●

= 253o 26’ 11.5” (Geodetic Azimuth)●

- 0 12 06.4 (Convergence Angle)●

= 253o 14’ 05.1”● ●

The convention of the sign of the convergence angle is●

always from Grid to Geodetic●






N1 = N + (Sg x cos ag)●

E1 = E + (Sg x sin ag)● ●

N1 = 4,191,087.651 + (1010.209 x Cos 253o 14’ 05.1”)●

= 4,191,087.651 + (1010.209 x - 0.288451128)●

= 4,191,087.651 + (- 291.396)●

= 4,190,796.255 meters● ●

E1 = 639,910.862 + (1010.209 x Sin 253o 14’ 05.1”)●

= 639,910.862 + (1010.209 x - 0.9597494620)●

= 639,910.862 + (- 967.270)●

= 638,943.592 meters●





GROUND LEVEL COORDINATES●

“I WANT STATE PLANE COORDINATES RAISED TOGROUND LEVEL”

●

●

GROUND LEVEL COORDINATES ARE NOT STATEPLANE COORDINATES!!!!!

●





GROUND LEVEL COORDINATES PROBLEMS●

RAPID DISTORTIONS● ●

PROJECTS DIFFICULT TO TIE TOGETHER● ●

CONFUSION OF COORDINATE SYSTEMS● ●

LACK OF DOCUMENTATION●





GROUND LEVEL COORDINATES “IF YOU DO”

TRUNCATE COORDINATE VALUES●

SUCH AS:●

N = 13,750,260.07 ft becomes 50,260.07●

E = 2,099,440.89 ft becomes 99,440.89●

AND● ●





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NO SPCS EXISTING NAD 27 ENACTED NAD 83 SPCLEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION

●

(4) (3) (45)● ●

District of Columbia Alabama Alaska Maryland (S)Oklahoma (S)

●

Hawaii Arkansas Arizona (I) Massachusetts (S) Oregon(I)

●

Nebraska Illinois California (S) Michigan (I)Pennsylvania (S)

●

Puerto Rico Colorado (S) Minnesota Rhode Island●

Connecticut (S) Mississippi (S) South Carolina (I)●

I = International Feet and Meters Delaware(S) MissouriSouth Dakota

●

1 m = 3.280839895 feet Florida (S) Montana (I)Tennessee (S)

●

S = U.S. Survey Feet and Meters Georgia (S) NevadaTexas (S)

●

1 m = 3.280833333 feet Idaho (S) New Hampshire Utah(I)

Indiana (S) New Jersey Vermont❍

Iowa New Mexico (S) Virginia (S)❍

Kansas New York (S) Washington (S)❍

Kentucky (S) North Carolina (S) West Virginia❍

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Louisiana North Dakota (I) Wisconsin (S)❍

Maine Ohio Wyoming❍

❍

STATUS OF NAD 27 AND NAD 83 STATE PLANE

COORDINATE LEGISLATION - APRIL, 2000


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GEODETIC CONTROL DATA SHEETH = h - N

2217.58 = 2142.68 - (-74.87)

2217.58 = 2217.55

National Geodetic Survey, Retrieval Date = OCTOBER 31, 2000

BP0663 **********************************************************************

BP0663 FBN - This is a Federal Base Network Control Station.

BP0663 DESIGNATION - DRYDEN WEST BASE

BP0663 PID - BP0663

BP0663 STATE/COUNTY- TX/TERRELL

BP0663 USGS QUAD - MOFETA (1969)

BP0663

BP0663 *CURRENT SURVEY CONTROL

BP0663 ___________________________________________________________________

BP0663* NAD 83(1993)- 30 03 11.90766(N) 102 10 02.45017(W) ADJUSTED

BP0663* NAVD 88 - 675.919 (meters) 2217.58 (feet) ADJUSTED

BP0663 ___________________________________________________________________

BP0663 X - -1,164,674.028 (meters) COMP

BP0663 Y - -5,401,732.797 (meters) COMP

BP0663 Z - 3,175,817.044 (meters) COMP

BP0663 LAPLACE CORR- -2.10 (seconds) DEFLEC99

BP0663 ELLIP HEIGHT- 653.09 (meters) GPS OBS

BP0663 GEOID HEIGHT- -22.82 (meters) GEOID99

BP0663 DYNAMIC HT - 674.897 (meters) 2214.22 (feet) COMP

BP0663 MODELED GRAV- 979,107.8 (mgal) NAVD 88

BP0663

BP0663 HORZ ORDER - B

BP0663 VERT ORDER - FIRST CLASS II

BP0663 ELLP ORDER - THIRD CLASS I





BP0663.The horizontal coordinates were established byGPS observations

●

BP0663.and adjusted by the National Geodetic Surveyin May 1994.

●

BP0663●

BP0663.The orthometric height was determined bydifferential leveling

●

BP0663.and adjusted by the National Geodetic Surveyin June 1991.

●

BP0663●

BP0663.The X, Y, and Z were computed from theposition and the ellipsoidal ht.

●

BP0663●

BP0663.The Laplace correction was computed fromDEFLEC99 derived deflections.

●

BP0663●

BP0663.The ellipsoidal height was determined by GPSobservations

●

BP0663.and is referenced to NAD 83.●



BP0663●

BP0663.The geoid height was determined by GEOID99.●

BP0663●

BP0663.The dynamic height is computed by dividingthe NAVD 88

●

BP0663.geopotential number by the normal gravityvalue computed on the

●

BP0663.Geodetic Reference System of 1980 (GRS 80)ellipsoid at 45

●

BP0663.degrees latitude (g = 980.6199 gals.).●

BP0663●

BP0663.The modeled gravity was interpolated fromobserved gravity values.

●

● ●





BP0663; North East Units Scale Converg.●

BP0663;SPC TXSC - 4,250,173.558 294,613.069 MT0.99994165 -1 33 06.2

●

BP0663;UTM 13 - 3,328,075.088 773,112.518 MT1.00052037 +1 25 10.2

●

BP0663●

BP0663: Primary Azimuth Mark Grid Az●

BP0663:SPC TXSC - ELDRIDGE 180 38 42.4●

BP0663:UTM 13 - ELDRIDGE 177 40 26.0●

BP0663●

BP0663|---------------------------------------------------------------------|●

BP0663| PID Reference Object Distance Geod. Az |●

BP0663| dddmmss.s |●

BP0663| BP0843 ELDRIDGE APPROX. 5.0 KM 1790536.2 |●

BP0663| BP0071 N 27 128.940 METERS 26122 |●

BP0663|---------------------------------------------------------------------|●

BP0663●



BP0663 SUPERSEDED SURVEY CONTROL●

BP0663●

BP0663 ELLIP HT - 653.17 (m) GP( ) 4 2●

BP0663 NAD 83(1986)- 30 03 11.87425(N) 102 1002.48756(W) AD( ) 2

●

BP0663 NAD 27 - 30 03 11.18700(N) 102 10 01.00100(W)AD( ) 2

●

BP0663 NGVD 29 - 675.81 (m) 2217.2 (f) LEVELING 3●

BP0663●

BP0663.Superseded values are not recommended forsurvey control.

●

BP0663.NGS no longer adjusts projects to the NAD 27 orNGVD 29 datums.

●

●





BP0663_MARKER: DS = TRIANGULATION STATIONDISK

●

BP0663_SETTING: 7 = SET IN TOP OF CONCRETEMONUMENT

●

BP0663_PROJECTION: FLUSH●

BP0663_MAGNETIC: N = NO MAGNETIC MATERIAL●

BP0663_STABILITY: C = MAY HOLD, BUT OF TYPECOMMONLY SUBJECT TO

●

BP0663+STABILITY: SURFACE MOTION●

BP0663_SATELLITE: THE SITE LOCATION WASREPORTED AS SUITABLE FOR

●

BP0663+SATELLITE: SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS -February 19, 1998

●

BP0663●

BP0663 HISTORY - Date Condition Recov. By●

BP0663 HISTORY - 1918 MONUMENTED CGS●

BP0663 HISTORY - 1958 GOOD AMS●

BP0663 HISTORY - 1981 GOOD NGS●



BP0663 HISTORY - 1988 GOOD LOCSUR●



BP0663 HISTORY - 19981110 GOOD TXDOT●

BP0663●

BP0663 STATION DESCRIPTION●

BP0663●

BP0663'DESCRIBED BY COAST AND GEODETICSURVEY 1918 (EHP)

●

BP0663'STATION IS ON THE SOUTHERN PACIFICRIGHT-OF-WAY AT THE FIRST

●

BP0663'CURVE ABOUT 4 MILES W OF DRYDEN, ATTHE POINT OF INTERSECTION OF

●

BP0663'TANGENTS OF N RAIL.● ●





TIME NETWORK LOCAL●

NETWORK SPAN ACCURACY ACCURACY● ●

NAD 27 1927-1986 10 Meters First-Order (1 part in 0.1million)

●

●

NAD 83 1986-1990 1 Meter First-Order(1 part in 0.1million)

●

●

HARN 1987-1997 0.1 Meter B-Order(1 part in 1 million)●

A-Order (1 part in 10 million)● ●

CORS 1994 - 0.02 Meter - Horizontal●

0.04 Meter - Ellipsoid Height●

❍

❍

●






C/A Code on L1●

Selective Availability●

25-100 m

HORIZONTAL = 100 meters

VERTICAL = 156 meters

1996 Federal Radionavigation Plan

Section A2-1, Part B

http://www.navcen.uscg.mil/policy/frp1996





C/A Code on L1●

No Selective Availability●

6-11 m





C/A Code on L1●

C/A Code on L2●

New Code on L5●

1-3 m

Better resistance to interference





GPS BLOCK III●

Potential Future Developments●

http://206.65.196.30/gps/issues/dotgpspressreleases.htm● ●

30 - 32 satellites●

Second and Third Civil Frequency●

(1227.60 MHZ & 1176.45 MHZ)●

More Robust Signal Transmissions●

Real-Time Unaugmented 1 Meter Accuracy●

Initial Launches ~ 2005●

Complete Replacements ~ 2011●





GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS(GNSS)

POTENTIAL FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS●

(2005 - 2011)● ●

GPS MODERNIZATION - BLOCK III●

GLONASS ENHANCEMENTS (K & M)●

EUROPEAN UNION - GALILEO● ●

80+ Satellites●

Second and Third Civil Frequency - GPS●

No Signal Encryption - GLONASS & GALILEO●

More Robust Signal Transmissions●

Real-Time Unaugmented 1 Meter (or better!) Accuracy●



GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS



GPS SURVEY DATA● ●

OBSERVE TO NATIONAL STANDARDS● ●

TIES TO CORS, HARN and LOCAL BMs● ●

QUALITY MONUMENTATION● ●





GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GIS●

“CLASSICAL”●

Lots of control points spaced at regular intervals●

(1-3 miles)● ● ●

“21st CENTURY”●

CORS and Monumentation as needed●





GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GISCLASSICAL




GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GIS 21stCENTURY





PROS●

Monumentation usually established in only 1 or 2 GPSsurvey campaigns

●

Complete coverage●

No time lag for users access to control● ●

CONS●

Large initial cost●

Continual network maintenance●

Monumentation destroyed or disturbed before they’reused

●

●






PROS●

Minimal “permanent” monumentation●

Project control established when and where needed●

Costs spread over time● ●

CONS●

Qualified staff to coordinate user requirements●

Time lag to establish project control● ● ● ●






GPS SURVEY DATA● ●

“BLUE - BOOK” SUBMISSION OF DATA FOR●

INCLUSION IN NSRS● ●

OR● ●

DATA MAINTAINED AT THE LOCAL LEVEL● ● ● ●





GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GIS“BLUE-BOOK”

PROS●

DATA MAINTAINED IN NSRS IN PERPETUTITY● ●

UNIVERSAL DATA ACCESS VIA NGS WEB SITE● ●

“GOOD HOUSEKEEPING SEAL OF APPROVAL”● ●

CONS●

INCREASED INITIAL COST (15 - 20%)● ●

SLIGHT INCREASE IN INITIAL DATA PROCESSINGTIME

●

● ● ● ●





GPS NETWORKS TO SUPPORT GIS LOCALMAINTENANCE

PROS●

DECREASED INITIAL SURVEY COSTS● ●

LOCAL CONTROL OF ALL DATA● ● ●

CONS●

READJUSTMENTS TO FUTURE REFERENCE FRAMECHANGES MUST BE DONE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

●

●

DATA MAY BE DIFFICULT TO LOCATE FOR“NON-LOCALS”

●

● ● ● ●





NAD 83 NETWORK PROBLEMS●

NOT “GPSABLE”●


POOR STATION ACCESSIBILITY

IRREGULARLY SPACED

POSITIONAL ACCURACY





“GPSABLE”●

Clear Horizons for Satellite Signal Acquisition● ●

EASY ACCESSIBILITY●

Few Special Vehicle or Property EntranceRequirements

●

●

REGULARLY SPACED●

Always within 20-100 Km● ●

HIGH HORIZONTAL ACCURACY●

A-Order (5 mm + 1:10,000,000)●

B-Order (8mm + 1:1,000,000)●





FEDERAL BASE NETWORK (FBN)

NGS FUNDED●

NGS MARK MAINTENANCE●

MAXIMUM 100 KM STATION SPACING●

A and B-ORDER HORIZONTAL ACCURACY●

FIRST-ORDER CLASS II ORTHOMETRIC HEIGHTS●

or●

SECOND-ORDER CLASS I ORTHOMETRIC HEIGHTS●

SECOND-ORDER CLASS I ELLIPSOIDAL HEIGHTS●

REVISIT EVERY 3 TO 5 YEARS●



FEDERAL BASE NETWORK


COOPERATIVE BASE NETWORK (CBN)●

STATE/LOCAL SUPPORTED●

STATE/LOCAL MARK MAINTENANCE●

25 TO 30 KM STATION SPACING●

B-ORDER HORIZONTAL ACCURACY●

THIRD-ORDER CLASS I ORTHOMETRIC HEIGHTS●

THIRD-ORDER CLASS I ELLIPSOIDAL HEIGHTS●

REVISIT AS NECESSARY●



COOPERATIVE BASE NETWORK


HIGH ACCURACY REFERENCE NETWORKS●





USER DENSIFICATION NETWORK (UDN)●

FEDERAL-STATE-LOCAL FUNDING● ●

STATION SPACING AS REQUIRED● ●

GPS OBSERVATIONS ONLY (HORIZONTAL)● ●

FIRST-ORDER HORIZONTAL ACCURACY● ●

REVISIT AS NEEDED●



USER DENSIFICATION NETWORK


HARN ADJUSTMENT● ● ● ●

NAD 83 Data that is NOT Part of NSRS must●

be readjusted by contractor/user with originalobservations

●



HARN ADJUSTMENT


NAD 83 READJUSTMENT

HARN COMPLETION - SEPTEMBER 1997●

(Indiana)● ●

GPS HEIGHT MODERNIZATION OBSERVATIONS●

(1997 - 2003?)●

(Texas observed 1998 )●

(http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/initiatives/height_modernization.shtml)● ●

COMPLETE GPS NAD 83 3-D ADJUSTMENT●

(http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/initiatives/new_reference.shtml)●

(2003?)● ●

REMOVAL OF SMALL REGIONAL DISTORTIONS●

(3 - 6 CM)● ●

UNIFORM COORDINATE TAG●

NAD 83 (NSRS)● ● ● ● ●



NAD 83 READJUSTMENT


NAD 83 READJUSTMENT● ● ●



NAD 83 READJUSTMENT


NAD 83 READJUSTMENT

ONLY GPS DATA● ●

CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE STATIONS●

FEDERAL BASE NETWORK●

COOPERATIVE BASE NETWORK●

AIRPORT SURVEYS●

USER DENSIFICATION NETWORK●

SPECIAL SURVEYS●



NAD 83 READJUSTMENT



Two accuracy standards●

(http://fgdc.er.usgs.gov/standards/status/swgstat.html)●

local accuracy ------------- adjacent points●

network accuracy ---------- relative to CORS● ●

Numeric quantities, units in cm (or mm)●

Both are relative accuracy measures●

Do not use distance dependent expression●

Horizontal accuracies are radius of 2-D 95% error circle●

Ellipsoidal/Orthometric heights are 1-D (linear) 95%error

●






1. WHAT DATUM ARE THE EXISTING COORDINATESON?

●

2. WHAT DATUM DO I WANT THE NEW COORDINATESON?

●

3. HOW LARGE A GEOGRAPHICAL AREA DO I WANTTO CONVERT AT ONE TIME?

●

4. HOW MANY POINTS ARE COMMON TO BOTHDATUMS?

●

5. WHAT IS THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE COMMONPOINTS?

●

6. HOW ACCURATE ARE THE EXISTINGCOORDINATES?

●

●

0.1 Foot

1.0 Foot❍

10. Feet❍

●

●

7. HOW ACCURATE DO I WANT THE NEWCOORDINATES?

●






MOLODENSKY● ●

Converts latitude, longitude and ellipsoidal height toX,Y,Z Earth-Centered Coordinates.

●

●

Applies a 3-dimensional change in the origin (dX,dY,dZ)

●

Applies a change in the size and shape of the referenceellipsoid

●

●

Converts new X,Y,Z Earth-Centered Coordinates backto latitude, longitude and ellipsoidal height

●

● ● ●






MOLODENSKY● ●

For continental regions accuracy can be +/- 8 to 10meters

●

●

Does not model network distortions very well.● ●

Assumes heights in both systems are ellipsoidal (NAD27 did not have ellipsoidal heights).

●





CONVENTIONAL TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM (CTS)●

EARTH

MASS CENTER


Z CTS

XCTS

YCTS

Greenwich

Meridian

Equator

Y

X

Z

l

CIO

N

h

f





TO TRANSFORM GEODETIC COORDINATES (f, l, h) TO

RECTANGULAR COORDINATES (X, Y, Z)

X = (N + h) cos f cos l

Y = (N + h) cos f sin l

Z = [N + h (1- e2)] sin f

Where N = a / (1- e2 sin2 f)

a = semi-major axis

e2 = (a2 - b2) / a2

Radius of Curvature in the Prime Vertical NOT the Geoid Height

From: Seeber “Satellite Geodesy”

Walter de Gruyter & Co. publishing, 1993





TO TRANSFORM RECTANGULAR COORDINATES (X, Y, Z)

TO GEODETIC COORDINATES (f, l, h)

From: Seeber “Satellite Geodesy”

Walter de Gruyter & Co. publishing, 1993




EARTH - CENTERED COORDINATES●

TO TRANSFORM GEODETIC COORDINATES (f, l, h) TO

RECTANGULAR COORDINATES (X, Y, Z)

Difficult to perform computations for “classical” geodetic system

No ellipsoid heights

Poor, if any geoid model




SOFTWARE UTILITIES●

http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/XYZ/xyz.html

XYZ Coordinate Conversion

Provides methods for converting between Geodetic Latitude-Longitude-Ellipsoid_ht and XYZ on the GRS80Ellipsoid.

FORWRD3D

Program for computing the 3D geodetic position for a point given the 3D geodetic position of a beginning point.

INVERS3D

Program INVERS3D is the three dimensional version of program INVERSE, and is the tool for computing not justthe geodetic azimuth and ellipsoidal distance, but also the mark-to-mark distance, the ellipsoid height difference,the dx, dy, dz, and the dn, de, du using the FROM station as the origin of the new coordinate system.

HTDP - Horizontal Time Dependent Positioning

Allows users to predict horizontal displacements and/or velocities at locations throughout the United States and toupdate geodetic coordinates and/or observations from one date to another..


SOFTWARE UTILITIES


MOLODENSKY TRANSFORMATION● ● ●

(http://www.nima.mil/GandG/pubs.html)




I NEED TO TRANSFORM BETWEEN WGS 84AND NAD 83

● ● ●

Federal Register Notice: Vol. 60, No. 157, August 15, 1995, pg. 42146

“Use of NAD 83/WGS 84 Datum Tag on Mapping Products”


I NEED TO TRANSFORM



SATISFIES ALL USERS’ REQUIREMENTS● ●

CAPABLE OF TRANSFORMING LARGE HOLDINGS OFCOORDINATE DATA

●

●

NEAR-REAL TIME APPLICATIONS● ●

SIMPLE - METHOD SHOULD NOT REQUIRE ANEXPERT OR DECISIONS TO BE MADE

●

●

ACCURATE●





NADCON

DESIGNED TO SATISFY THE MAJORITY OF THE“IDEAL METHOD” DESIGN AND HAS DEFINED AS THENATIONAL STANDARD.

●

●

DESIGN CRITERIA:●

Relies only on NGS archived data existing in both NAD27 and NAD 83

●

Provides consistent results, both forward and inverse●

Fast●

Not tied to NGS Data Base●

Small - Fit on PC●

Accurate●

15 cm (1 sigma) in Conterminous U.S. NAD 27 - NAD83(1986)

●

5 cm (1 sigma) per State/Region NAD 83 (1986) - HARN●



NADCON



TR8350.2 “World Geodetic System 1984 - Its Definitionand

●

Relationship with Local Geodetic Systems”●

ADJUSTED vs. TRANSFORMED● ●

Station: DRYDEN WEST BASE● ●

LATITUDE LONGITUDE●

30-03-11.87425 102-10-02.48756 - PUBLISHED●

30-03-11.91943 102-10-02.54374 - MOLODENSKY●

.04518” .05618”●

1.391 m 1.505 m●

THIS CORRESPONDS TO A POSITIONAL●

DIFFERENCE OF 2.049 m (6.72 ft)●






NADCON●

(ftp://ftp.ngs.noaa.gov/pub/pcsoft/nadcon/)●


Station: DRYDEN WEST BASE●

LATITUDE LONGITUDE● ●

30-03-11.87425 102-10-02.48756 - PUBLISHED●

30-03-11.87290 102-10-02.48779 - NADCON●

.00135” .00023”●

0.042 m 0.006 m● ●


DIFFERENCE OF 0.046m (0.15 ft)●





COORDINATE COMPARISON NAD 83 (1986) toNAD 83(1993)

NADCON● ●


Station: DRYDEN WEST BASE●

LATITUDE LONGITUDE● ●

30-03-11.90766 102-10-02.45017 - PUBLISHED●

30-03-11.90189 102-10-02.45673 NADCON●

.00577” .00656”●

0.178 m 0.176 m● ●


DIFFERENCE OF 0.250 m (0.82 ft)●






●

Installed and Operated by various Federal-State-localAgencies

●

●

NOAA/National Geodetic Survey●

NOAA/OAR Forecast Systems Lab●

U.S. Coast Guard - DGPS/NDGPS●

Corps of Engineers - DGPS●

FAA - WAAS/LAAS (Future)●

State DOTs●

County and City●

Academia●

Private Companies●


CHL1 - CAPE HENLOPEN, DE





●

Variety of “Geodetic Quality” Dual-Frequency●

Antennas and Receivers● ●

Allen-Osborne●

(SNR 8000 & SNR 12 ACT)●

Ashtech●

(Z XII3)●

Leica●

(SR9500 & CRS1000)●

Trimble●

(4000SSE & 4000SSI)●


CHL1 - CAPE HENLOPEN, DE





●

Some stations provide real-time code phaseobservations

●

●

5 - 15 - 30” post-process carrier phase observations● ●

Free access via Internet (RINEX-2 Format)● ●

More than 190 Station National Network●






NGS PROVIDES●

Reference Site Survey Monumentation●

Horizontal and Vertical NSRS Connections●

NAD 83, ITRF94, ITRF96, ITRF97 Coordinates●

Network Data Collection - Hourly & Daily●

Daily 3D Network Integrity Adjustment●

Public Data Distribution - Internet●

(http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/cors-data.html)●

2 Year On-Line Data Holding●





PPT Slide


PPT Slide


PPT SlideLUBBOCK REGIONAL REFERENCE POINT


PPT Slide


CORS DATA SHEET

***ITRF 97***●

LUBBOCK RRP (LUBB), TEXAS● ●

Retrieved from NGS DataBase on 09/11/00 at 09:12:51.●

____________________________________________________________________________●

| |●

| Antenna Reference Point(ARP): LUBBOCK RRP CORS ARP |●

| -------------------------------------------------- |●

| PID = AF9540 |●

| |●

| |●

| ITRF97 POSITION (EPOCH 1997.0) |●

| Computed in July 2000 using every third day of data through 1999. |●

| X = -1092365.186 m latitude = 33 32 07.51076 N |●

| Y = -5209399.526 m longitude = 101 50 34.19481 W |●

| Z = 3504137.725 m ellipsoid height = 956.038 m |●

| |●

| ITRF97 VELOCITY |●

| Computed in July 2000 using every third day of data through 1999. |●

| VX = -0.0131 m/yr northward = -0.0081 m/yr |●

| VY = -0.0025 m/yr eastward = -0.0123 m/yr |●

| VZ = -0.0063 m/yr upward = 0.0008 m/yr |●


CORS DATA SHEET


CORS DATA SHEET

***NAD 83***●

LUBBOCK RRP (LUBB), TEXAS● ●

Retrieved from NGS DataBase on 05/17/00 at 09:47:25.● ●

| |●

| NAD_83 POSITION (EPOCH 1997.0) |●

| Transformed from ITRF96 (epoch 1997.00) position in Apr. 2000. |●

| X = -1092364.646 m latitude = 33 32 07.49059 N |●

| Y = -5209400.933 m longitude = 101 50 34.16313 W |●

| Z = 3504137.818 m ellipsoid height = 957.145 m |●

| |●

| NAD_83 VELOCITY |●

| Predicted with HTDP_2.0 in Apr., 1996. |●

| VX = 0.0000 m/yr northward = 0.0000 m/yr |●

| VY = 0.0000 m/yr eastward = 0.0000 m/yr |●

| VZ = 0.0000 m/yr upward = 0.0000 m/yr |●

|____________________________________________________________________________|●


CORS DATA SHEET


national geodetic survey - university of washington

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