ldka;d m%;sm;a;shla i|yd

fhdackd ud,djla

cd;sl ëjr ldka;d iïfï,khcd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh

wxl( 10” u,aj;a; mdr” ó.uqj’

•01•

cd;sl ldka;d m%;sm;a;shla i`oyd jk fhdackdj,shla'

miqìu

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrh jir 20 l ld,hla ;=< ëjr, f.dú, lïlre, j;= lïlre, fj<| l,dm lñlrejka, wj;ekajQjka iy fuu ish¨u lafIa;%j, ldka;djka iuÕ ls%hdlrñka

Tjqka iudc, wd¾Òl, foaYmd,ksl yd ixialD;sl jYfhka n, .ekaùfï l%shdj,shl ksr; ù isáuq'

fuysoS cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrfha m%Odku ls%hdldÍ lKavdhu jQfha jevlrk ldka;djkah. fuu ldka;djkaf.a whs;Ska oskd .ekSu i|yd .%dñh iy osia;%sla uÜgñka fuka u cd;sl ;<fhao

úúO jevms<sfj, Èh;a lf<uq. 2009 jif¾ hqoaOh wjika ùu;a iuÕ jeä wjOdkhla W;=re kef.

kysr .Dy uQ,sl ldka;djkaf.a yd wj;ekajQ ldka;djkaf.a f.dvke.=kq iudc, wd¾Òl, m%Yak

.eg¨ mokï lrf.k fhduqlf,uq.

hdmkh, ukakdru, ;%sl=Kdu,h, uvl,mqj, wïmdr, ud;r, .d,a,, l¿;r, .ïmy, mq;a;,u, l=reKE.,, fmdf<dkakrej, hk osia;%slal j, osia;%sla ldka;d lñgq f.dvke.Sug;a ldka;djka w;r

iyfhda.S;djh iy ixys|shdj f.dvke.Su i|yd fuu ish¨ osia;%slaj, ldka;d lñgq ksfhdackfhka

cd;sl ëjr ldka;d iïfï,kh 2014 jif¾ os msysgqjd .ekSug;a, wmg yels úh. fuu iïfï,kh

yryd ldka;djkaf.a whs;Ska oskd .eksu yd n,.ekaùu fjkqfjka idlÉPd, ixjdo, oekqj;a lsÍï, iñuka;%K, n,mEï, fndfydauhla l%shd;aul lruq.

kuq;a ldka;dj os.ska os.gu uqyqK fok ysxikh yd mSvkh msgq ±lSug;a, ldka;djkag iu whs;sh

Èkd.ekSug;a, rfá m%Odk ksIamdok ls%hdj,sfha§ ldka;dj uÕyeÍu je,elaùu ioyd;a ;Skaÿ

.kakd ish¨ ia:dkhkays ldka;d ksfhdackh by, kexùug;a, fhda.H ldka;d m%;sm;a;shla rfá

fkdue;s ùu nrm;, .eg¨jla nj ldka;d jevms<sfjf,a kdhlhskaf.a u;h úh. ta wkqj cd;sl

ëjr ldka;d iïfï,kfha ixjdofha m%Odk ia:dkhla f,i cd;sl ldka;d m%;sm;a;shl wjYH;djh

biau;= úh. tneúka cd;sl ldka;d m%;sm;a;shla iïmdokh l< hq;= njg È.ska È.gu lrk ,o

ixjdo yd wmf.a b,a,Sï uOHfha rch o cd;sl ldka;d m%;sm;a;shla ieliSug mshjr .ksñka isà. fuh w;sYh m%.;sYS,s mshjrla f,i wms olsuq. tneúka fuu jeo.;a wjia:dj wmf;a fkdyer

jvd;a M,odhl f,i ls%hdjg kexùug odhlùug we;s wmf.a wNs,dYfha mshjrla f,i fuu

fhdackd bÈßm;a lruq.

cd;sl ldka;d m%;sm;a;shl we;=<;a úh hq;= úfYaIs; lreKq talrdYs lr fuu fhdackdj,sh ldka;d

lghq;= wud;H;=ñhg 2016.03.29 osk uyje,s flakaøfha mej;s ldka;d osk ieurefïoS bosßm;a

lrkq ,nhs. fuu fhdackdj,shg iudc, wd¾:sl, ixialD;sl, foaYmd,ksl, wOHdmksl, kS;sh, hk

wxY mokï lr .ksñka ilia lr we;.

wd¾Ólh rfÜ wd¾Òlh fufyhjk fldÿkdráh imhkafka ldka;djkah. úfoaY.; ldka;djka f.a bmehqñ, weÕ¨ï ksIamdokhg odhl;ajh fok ldka;djka, yd j;=lrfha f;a wmkhk ksIamdokhg Wrfok

,÷ka f.a wd¾Ól odhl;ajhg ñ,la ,ndÿkak o, f.dúmf,a, fyafka, l=Uqf¾, fjrf<a §, odhl;ajh

,ndfok ldka;djka fkdi,ld yer we;. tneúka wmuK lemùñ lrk ldka;djka ;ukaj

ms<s.ekSu wfmalaId l<;a fkdl<;a rfá ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhaoS yd wd¾:sl ixj¾Okh Wfoid

olajk iqúfYaIs odhl;ajhg kshñ; jákdlula ldka;djkag ;ju;a wm iudcfhka ,nd§ ke;.

•02•

ldka;djkaf.a odhl;ajh ms<sn| jeo.;alu jgyd.ksñka, th j¾Okh yd /l.ekSu i`oyd wjYH

uq,sl ueÈy;a ùu rdcH wxYh ;=,ska we;s lsßu cd;sl ldka;d m%;sm;a;sfha úfYaI lreKla f,i

we;=<;a l< hq;=h. ia;%Skag wysñj we;s foam, whs;sh ia;S% mqreI fNaohlska f;drj ldka;djka o

mokï lrf.k l%shd;aul lrùu i`oyd m%;sm;a;suh wjldY f.dv ke`.Su w;HdjYHh'

tfuka u rfÜ cd;sl wdodhu i`oyd iqúfYaIs odhl;ajhla olajk úfoaYshkays .Dy fiajfha kshq;=

ldka;djkaf.a Èfkka Èk j¾Okh jk wkdrlaIs;;djh j,ld mqoa., iqrlaIs;Ndjh ;yjqre lsßu

Wfoid jq úfYaIs; úêúOdk we;s lsßug m%;sm;a;suh rduqjla ks¾udKh lsßu w;HdjYHh'

m%d.aOkfha yd wdfhdaclhkaf.a oeä mSvkhg ,laj isák j;=lrfha ldka;djka iy ksoyia fj<`o

l,dmfha ldka;djka we;=¨ ldka;d Y%u n,ldhg fhda.H jegqmla iy;sl lsßug wjYH m%;sm;a;suh

úêúOdk we;s lsßug m%;sm;a;suh mshjr.; hq;=h'

fñ ioyd fhda.H ls%hdldrlñ lsysmhla ioyka lruq

ldka;djkag yd .eyeKq orejka yg újdyl wújdyl fyda mqrjeis whs;ska ms,sn`o fyaofhka

f;drj bvï, ëjr yd jkdka;rj, N=la;sfha whs;sh iudkj ,efnk njg rch iy;sl úh

hq;=h'

ìï wÕ,laj;a ysñlu fkdue;s ldka;djka i|yd wju fyda bvï m%udKhla ysñlr §fñ

l%shdj,shg rch ueÈy;a ùu l< hq;=h'

cd;sl wd¾Ól l%shdj,sh ;=< ldka;djf.a tÈfkod l%shdldrlï ms<s.ksñka tajd we.hSug

,laùu;a, tajdg fhda.H mßÈ wd¾Óluh jákdlula ,nd§u fhda.Hh'

ldka;djka frda.d;=r ùu ;=< fyda /lshdj lsßug fkdyels jq úg yd /lshdfjka bj;a ùfïÈ

mj;sk kS;S Í;S l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS Tjqkaf.a iqrCIs;;djh ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd kj m%;smdok

we;=<;a l< hq;=h.

ldka;djkaf.a iu whs;ska ;yjqre lrk, foaYsh iïm;a u; f.dvke`.=Kq ksIamdok l%shdj,hla

ia:dms; lsßu ;=< ldka;djf.a wdrlaIdj iy;sl jk yd fiajhg iß,k mßÈ idOdrK

jegqmla ,nd §u'

.Dyuq,sl ldka;djkaf.a iudc wdrlaIdj fuka u Ôjk ud¾. f.dvke`.Sug iqÿiq l%shdud¾.

.; hq;=h' tfuka u .Dy uq,sl ldka;djkag fhda.H mßÈ udkisl yd iudÔh iyk l%shdj,shla

ieliSu'

iq`: ksIamdok l¾udka;j,g yd ldka;d fiajd i`oyd WÑ;jk yd jeo.;ajk jvd;a fhda.H

;dlaIKhla ks¾udKh lsßug ish¨ md¾Yj Èß.ekaùu'

ëjr we;=¨ ish¨ l¾udka;hg iïnkaO úúO mqyqKq yd ;dlaIKsl oekqu ,nd§fïÈ

iy /lshdj, wkqhqla; lsßfïÈ wksjd¾hfhkau ia;%s mqreI iudkd;au;djh ie,ls,a,g .;

hq;=h'

•03•

ixialD;sl

1978 wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 03 jk mßÉfÊofha 12 jk j.ka;sfha mrsos iEu mqoa.,fhl=g u

iudkj ie,lsh hq;= nj i|yka j ;snqk o h:d¾:h jkqfha mj;sk .;dkq.;sl, wd.ól kS;s yd

ixialD;sl Í;S ksid uy;a jQ mSvkhlg iy ysxikhlg ldka;djka m;aùuhs. tfuka u 10 jk

j.ka;sfha i|yka jk wd.ñl ksoyi mjd W,a,x>kh lsÍu is¥ lrkq ,nhs. tneúka wd.u iy

ixialD;sh mokï lr.ksñka ldka;djkag we;s lrk n,mEï yd mSvd j,ska ldka;djka wdrCId

ùug wjYH úêúOdk m%;sm;a;sh ;=<g we;=<;a lsßu isÿl< hq;=h' ta i|yd ldka;djkag tfrys

ish¨u wdldrfha wiudk;d fyda ysxikhka msgq±lSu ioyd iñu; lrf.k we;s iSfvda iñuq;sh o

mdol lr .ekSu l< yelsh.

ldka;d ysxikh yd <ud wmpdrj,g tfrys ùug wjYH osia;%slal uÜgñka iy cd;sl uÜgñka

hdka;%Khla f.dvk.ñka n,d;aul lsÍu'

ldka;d yd <ud wmpdrj,g n,mdk lreKq yd thska wdrCId ùug wjYH lrk kS;s yd tajd

ld¾hCIuj l%shd;aul lsÍug wjYH lrk m%;smdokhka f.dvke.Su.

cd;sl yd wd.ñl iycSjkh we;s lsÍu i|yd ldka;djka w;r my< uágfñ mq¨,a ixjdohka

we;s lsÍu.

foaYmd,ksl

fï jk úg Y%s ,xldj ;=< foaYmd,kh we;=¨ ish¨ ;Ska¥ ;SrK .kakd ia:dkhkayS kdhl;ajh

.ekSu msßñ md¾Yjhg ,efnk neúka ;Ska÷ ;SrK .kakd wjia:djka ldka;djkag fkdue;s ;rïh

losu WodyrKhla kï rfá ck.ykfhka ldka;djka 53% neúka Tjqka ish,a,kag ckao whs;sh

;snqk o j¾;udK md¾,sfïka;=fõ ldka;d ksfhdackh 5.2 ls. tneúka m%dfoaYsh uágfï isg cd;sl

;<h we;=¨j ish¨u ;Skaÿ ;SrK .kakd jHqyhka ;=< ldka;d ksfhdackh 35] lska j¾Okh lssßu

i`oyd m%;smdok yd úêúOdk m%;sm;a;suhj ms<sf.k ls%hd;aul l< hq;=h'

ldka;djkag foaYmd,kh ;=< iu ksfhdackhla i`oyd iudk whs;sjdislñ ,nd§ug lghq;=

lsßu'

mCI ;=< Pkaoh i|yd kdu fhdackd ilia lsÍfïos uqo,a, wd.u, foaYmd,Ksl miqìu, fkdi<ld

ldka;djkag 35% m%;sY;hla ,nd oSug lghq;= lsÍu.

;SrK .kakd ia:dkj, ldka;d ksfhdackh j¾Okhg mshjr .;hq;=h. fñ ioyd fhda.H

whqßka m%;sm;a;suh jYfhka jeo.;ajk mßÈ md¾,sfñka;=fú ,ehsia;=fjka m%uqL;d ms<sfj,g

ilialr jeä wjia:djla ldka;djkag ,nd osh hq;=hs' bkaÈhdkq wdKavqj 1997-98 ld,fha

jHjia:dj ixfYdaOkh lr ldka;djkag úfYaI mx.= l%uhla y`ÿkajd § ldka;djkag jeä bvla

,nd § ;sfí tjeks l%uhla ,xldj ;=<o l%shd;aul lsÍu ioyd mshjr wdKavql%u jHjia:djg

we;=,a l< hq;=h.

•04•

n,h fn§u ;=< n,h fn§fï rduq ksjerÈ mßÈ ilia l< hq;=h' WodyrKhla f,iska m<d;a

iNd m%Odk wud;Hjrhd msßñfhl= kï wdKavqldr OQrh ldka;djlg ,nd oSu' m%Odk wud;H

OQrfha isákafka ldka;djla kï wdKavqldr OQrh mqreIfhl= oeßh hq;=hs'

foaYmd,ksl ;Ska¥ ;SrK .kakd wjia:dj, oS ldka;djka úiska ldka;djka m;alr .ekSu

i|yd jQ wdl,amSh keñhdjla yd ldka;djkaf.a bosßm;a ùfï udkiSl Ñka;kh j¾Okh lsÍu

i|yd wOHdmksl jevms<sfj,la osh;a lsÍu'

wOHdmksl

j¾;udkfha wOHdmkh yeoEÍfï m%;sY;h ie,l+ úg ldka;djka i|yd hym;a uÜgul

mj;shs. kuq;a Wiia wOHdmkh ,eîfï oS Tjqka úiska f;dard .kq ,nk fCIa;% ms<sn|j fï jk úg

.eg¨ iy.; ;;ajhla mj;s. fuhg fya;=j jkafka iudc ixialD;sl wd¾:sl miqíuhs. fuu ;;ajh

fjkia lsÍu i|yd jQ m%dfhda.sl iy w;aoelSï i|yd jQ mqyqKq wOHdmksl l%uhla <ud wjêfha isgu

,ndoSug wjYH lrk jevms<sfj,la mdi,a uÜgfï isg wdrïN lsÍu tfiau ldka;djkag we;s lrk

wiudk ;;ajh u.yrjd .ekSug ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjh ms,sn`oj úêu;a lÓldjla i`oyd ck;dj

mq¿,aj oekqj;a lsßu, <ud wjêfha isg u ia;%s mqreI iudcNdjh ms<sn`o ixl,amuh woyi mdi,a

úIh ud,djg we;=,;a lsßu i`oyd wjYH jev ms<sfj,la ilia lsßug m%;sm;a;suh tl`.;djhla

we;s lsßu'

,sx.sl;ajfha iene wre; lshd fokq ,nk YsIag iïmkak ñksfil= ìys lsßug bjy,a jk ia;%s

mqreI iudcNdjh mokï lr.;a iqúfYaI wOHdmksl jevms<sfj,la l%shd;aul l< hq;=h' ta

i`oyd mjqf,a isg ish¨u iudc ixia:d ;=< oekqu j¾Okh lsßfï jevigyka l%shd;aul lsßu

i`oyd rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;k fukau isú,a iudc l%shdOrhskaf.a o iydh ,nd.;

hq;=h'

<ud wOHdmkh yd <ud ld,h Tjqkaf.ka Wÿrd .kakd wixfõÈ wOHdmksl l%u jyd kj;d

Bg wjYH hym;a mqrjeishl= f.dvke`.sug wjYH l%u Wmdhka ilia lsßu'

<ud wOHdmkh lvdlmam,a ùu je,elaúug wod<j mj;sk cd,.; hdka;%Kh Yla;su;a lsßu

yd l%shdldß lsÍug lghq;= iïmdokh lsÍu'

ia;%S mqreI iu idOdrK;ajh ia;%Skag yd mqreIhskag udkj ysñlï N=la;s úÈug tl iudk

whs;shla ,eîu iy;sl l< hq;=h' fuysÈ ia;%Ska yd mqreIhska w;r we;s fjkialï ms<s.ksñka

iudkd;au;djhka läkñka j¾Okh lsßug fhda.H l%shdud¾. .; hq;=h'

fi!LH'

Y%s ,xldj ;=< ldka;djkaf.a fi!LH ixj¾Okh i`oyd ie,iqï ,sÅ; tl`.;djhka, fr.=,dis

;snq kuq;a" th ksis f,iska l%shd;aul fkdùu ksid iuia; ldka;djka úfYaIfhka oßø;djfhka

fmf<k yd .%dóh ldka;djka oeä f,iska mSvdjg m;a fõ' tneúka mj;sk ie,iqï kS;s Í;s iy

fr.=,dis jHqy.; f,iska Yla;su;aj l%shd;aul ùu i|yd hdka;%Khla m%;sm;a;shg we;=,a lsÍu'

.eìks uõjrekaf.a rla;ySk;djh yd orejkaf.a ukaofmdaIKh i`oyd jvd ÈhqKq m%;sm;a;shla

u; cd;sl fmdaIK jev ms<sfj,la ieliSu'

•05•

j;=lrfha orejkaf.a yd uõjrekaf.a fi!LHh ;;ajh k.d isgqùug ie,lsh hq;= ¥r m%udKhka

i<ld n,ñka j;= wdY%s; frday,a iy idhk uOHia:dk msysgqùu.

hqoaOfhka mSvdjg m;a m%foaY wdYS%;j ldka;djkaf.a;a orejkaf.a;a fmdaIKh ms<sn| ksjerÈ

f;dr;=re .fúIKhlska tu m%foaYj, fmdaIK uágu k.d isgqùug jev ms<sfj,la ieliSu'

kS;sh'

cd;Hka;rj ms<s.;a iy 1981 Y%sS ,xldj tl`.;ajh m< lr we;s iSfvda CEDAW iïuq;sh

^ldka;djkag tfrys ish¨ wdldrfha fjkialï msgqoelsSu& we;¨ cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r iñuq;Skays

wvx.= lreKq l%shdjg kexùu yd .Dyia; m%pKav;ajhg tfrys mk; jydu l%shd;aul lsßu i`oyd

md¾,sfïka;=j ;=< m%;sm;a;shla f,iska iïu; lrf.k wod< kS;s iïmdokh lsßug hdka;%Khla

ieliSu' fï i|yd wjYH m%;sm;a;suh lreKq wëlaIKH lrk mßÈ iajdëk ldka;d fldñiula

ia:dms; lsÍug mshjr .ekSu'

ldka;djkag iudcfhka isÿlrk fjkiafldg ie<lsïj,ska uqojd Tjqkag wjYH ms<s.ekSu

,nd §ug wdl,amuh fjkila ioyd mshjr .ekSu'

ldka;djkag iudcfha mqreI mlaIfhka t,a,jk wksis n,mEïj,g uqyqK §ug wjYH kS;suh

ls%hd;aulùug m%dfhda.sl ls%hd ud¾. ioyd fhduqùu'

ia;%S mqreI iudcNdùh iudk;djh w;am;a lr.ekSu i`oyd m%udKj;a m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul

ùula iy kS;S mekùula isÿjk njg rdcHhka j. n,d.; hq;= w;r iudÔh wd¾Òl yd

ixialD;sl wxYh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka ia;%S mqreI iudkd;au;djhg wkql+, fkdjk ´kEu

m%;sm;a;shla fyda kS;S moaO;shla ixfYdaOkh lsÍug mshjr .; hq;=h'

cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r iïuq;ska yd kS;s Í;s l%shd;aul jk wdldrh wëCIKh lsÍu i|yd

úfYaI wëCIK lñgq osia;%sla uÜgñka msysgqùu'

ldka;d yd <ud ysxikhg wod< wêlrK lghq;= úêu;a yd úksúo Ndjhlska hq;=j läkuska

isÿl< hq;=h'

rdcH m%;sm;a;s m%ldY lsßu ie,iqï lsßu l%shd;aul lsßfuys ldka;d odhl;ajh ,nd .ekSug

wjYH kS;S Í;s ilia l< hq;=h'

iudÔh'

ldka;djkag ms<s.;a mqrjeishka f,i iudkd;au;djfka hq;=j Ôj;aùu ioyd iuia; iudchu

wjÈ l< hq;=h' fuh ia;S%ka ms<sn|j we;s wdl,amuh yd m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldßa;ajhka m%Yak lrñka

iudch lrmskakd .;a úúO wdldrfha ixialD;sl yd wd.ñl ms<s.ekSñ yd ia;%Ska fm<k iudc

jákdlñ j,g tfrys j /äl,a ls%hdud¾. j,g hdhq;=h. fñ ioyd mq¿,a iudc l;sldjlg ±ka

ld,h t,U we;s w;r ia;S%kaf.a iudc N+ñldj ;shqKq lsÍu ioyd ia;S% m%;sm;a;s iñmdolhska ta

ms<sn|j ls%hd;aulùug mshjr .; hq;=h'

•06•

fiajd ia:dk wdYs%;j osjd <ud iq/l=ï uOHia:dk we;s lsßu jeks mshjr .ekSu yd úfYaIfhka

fj<`o l,dmh j;=lrh yd ueofmrÈ. .Dy fiaúldjka fukau úêu;a iy wúêu;a fiajd

ia:dkj, ldka;djkaf.a orejkaf.a iqrlaIs;Ndjh ;yjqre lsßug úêu;a l%shdud¾. .; hq;=h'

m%Odk ;k;=rej,g ldka;djka Wiia lsßfïÈ wkjYH iSud lsÍus j,ska f;drj idOdrKh

bgqlsßug wjYH mshjr .ekSu'

ksjfiaÈ yd /lshdfõÈ mqreIhskag fuka u ldka;djkag o wjYH .re;ajh yd ms<s.ekSu ,nd

§u'

ish¨u ldka;djkag ;u mjq, Yla;su;a lsÍu yd fyd`Èka /ln,d.ekSu i`oyd wjYH

jevms<sfj,j,a Yla;su;a lsßu yd ta i`oyd wjYH uq,Huh yd iudÔh iyh ,nd§u'

ldka;djkag yd <uhskag mSvdf.k fok m%Odk .eg`:jla ù we;s u;aøjH ráka ;=rka lsßug

wjYH jevms<sfj, foaYmd,k we;=¿ wkjYH we`.s,s.eiSï j,ska f;drj l%shd;aul lsßug

j.n,d .ekSu'

rgl ixj¾Okhg ;SrK .ksoaÈ ia;S% mqreI fomsßfiau w;aoelsï Ndú;d lsÍu' tneúka rgla

ixj¾Okh lsßug fof.d,a,kaf.au ;SrK ,nd .ekSu jeo.;a fldg ie,lsh yelsh'

ia;%Skag jk w;jr iïnkaOfhka jf.au tajd j<lajd.kak ia;%Ska iïnkaO cd;sl fldñiula

m;a lsßfï wjYH;d u;=lr .ekSu'

m<d;a iNd we;=¨ fndfyda ia:dkj, fi!LH <ud yd jks;d lghq;= ms<sn`o weu;s ;k;=re

ldka;djka ioyd fjka lsÍug jHjia:duh m%;smdok ie,iSu'

ia;%S mqreI iudkd;au;djh iEu ia:rhlu l%shd;aul lrùug rch we;=¨ ish¨ msrsia l%shd

l< hq;=h'