national disaster system & laws in pakistan by nadeem ahmed abro ndma, 12 th oct’ 2011

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat

National Disaster System & Laws in Pakistan

ByNadeem Ahmed Abro NDMA, 12th Oct’ 2011

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat 2

My Country• History• Administrative Division• 170 Million people• Religion • 97% Muslims, (77 % Sunni, 20% Shi'a), Others 3%

• Parliamentary Democracy• Economy• US$1200 Per capita Income• GDP Size is approximately over US$165 Billion


DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

IN PAKISTAN


Pakistan’s Disaster Context

Diverse topographical features



Climatic variations from tropical to temperate with rainfall as little as less than 1˝ to over 150˝ a year



Uneven population density



Unplanned development in hazard prone areas



Poverty feeds into vulnerability



Pressure on national resources

10

Hazards and Disaster

11

Hazards in Pakistan NaturalDroughts EarthquakesFloods TsunamiAvalanchesLandslides Cyclones/StormsGlacial Lake Outbursts

Human InducedTransport AccidentsOil SpillsUrban FiresInternal DisplacementsIndustrial Accidents


GENESIS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

IN PAKISTAN


Genesis of System

13

Calamity Act 1958 existed in Pakistan which was mainly

concerned with reactive emergency responseEmergency Relief Cell (ERC)Relief Commissioner

Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)World Conference on Disaster Reduction (18 - 22 Jan 05,

Japan) adopted Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015HFA recognized “Disaster Risk Management” as an

important element for achieving internationally agreed goalsPakistan, along with 168 other nations, is a signatory to the

HFA


EQ 2005 - Incapacities of existing system came to fore

Reactive approach - Relief oriented

Lack of coordination and centralized control

Law not all encompassing

National Disaster Management Ordinance, promulgated

in Dec 2006, which was later on passed by the

Parliament as National Disaster Management Act-2010.

The NDMA is in the process of formulating the Disaster

Management Rules under the NDM Act, 2010.

Genesis of System


Institutionalize Structure

NDRF

NDMC

DDMAs

NDMA(NEOC)

PDMCs

Stake Holders

PDMAs(PEOC)

NIDM


Stake Holders

Armed Forces

PHF

Media

NHN Provinces

IFIs

Federal Ministers

UN / IOsDonors

NDMA


New System - Features

17

Paradigm shift (reactive to proactive approach)

One window operation

Centralized planning and decentralized execution

Disaster management - devolved subject

Directly responsible to political leadership

Ownership

Dedicated resources

Powerful law

Deals all four spectrums of disaster management


ReconstructionResponse

Recovery & Rehabilitation

Mitigation & Preparedness

DMSpectrum

Disaster Management Spectrum


Functions and Responsibilities


To act as the implementing, coordinating and monitoring body for disaster management

(Article 9 of NDM Act 2010)20

NDMA’s Mandate


NDMA’s Mandate - Disaster Management

Managing the complete disaster

spectrum, including Preparedness;

Response; Recovery and

Rehabilitation; and Reconstruction

(Article 2.c of NDM Act 2010)


Functions - NDMA

22

Act as the implementing, coordinating and monitoring

body for disaster management

Implement, coordinate and monitor the implementation

of the National policy

Lay down guidelines for preparing disaster management

plans by different Ministries or Departments and the

Provincial Authorities

Provide necessary technical assistance to Provinces for

preparing their disaster management plans


Functions - NDMA

23

Coordination with the United Nations agencies,

international organizations and governments of foreign

countries

Establish institutions for research, training, and

developmental programmes in the field of disaster

management

Extend such support to other countries affected by major

disaster as it may deem appropriate


Organization StructureChairman

MemberDisaster Risk Reduction

MemberSupport & Services

MemberOperations

Coordination and Information Management

IT

Finance

Admin & Procurement

Response

Recovery & Re-habitation

National Operation Center

Logistic

Disaster Risk Reduction-1

Disaster Risk Reduction-2

Project Units

Sectoral Specialists

Strategic Plan Unit Staff Officer


DM Organization Structure

Line Ministries/ Division

UN/ Donors Humanitarian

Media

Implementation Partners

Local Representatives

Line Deptts

PDMA/ FDMASDMA/GBDMA

ICT DMC

DDMA

NDMA(NEOC)

NDMC

Div (DDMC)

Corps (CDMC)

JSHQ

GHQNHQ

AHQ


Enactment of National Disaster Management Act 2010

which provide for following institutional arrangements

Disaster Management Commissions at National (NDMC)

and Provincial/regional levels (PDMC)

Disaster Management Authorities at National (NDMA),

Provincial/regional (PDMA) and District (DDMA) level

National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)

National Disaster Management Fund (NDMF)

National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)

Institutional Arrangements


National Disaster Risk Management Framework (NDMRF) Developed through an extensive consultative

process involving all stakeholders and approved by

NDMC on 5 March, 2007 Framework identified following NINE PRIORITY areas

for national capacity development Institution and legal arrangements for DRMHazard and vulnerability assessmentTraining, education and awarenessDisaster risk management planning



Community and local level programming

Multi hazard early warning system

Mainstreaming DRR into development

Emergency response system

Capacity development for post disaster recovery



Why DRR Important for Pakistan

Since then:•2 Cyclones•2 Floods•2 Earthquakes•2 Land Slides•1 Complex Emergency

Pakistan a disaster prone country – compounded by frequency and nature of disaster

Erosion of Economic Growth and Social Capital Unsustainable Development – Pakistan a developing

country with emphasis on infrastructure development Difficult to achieve Poverty Reduction Goals

5 Y

ears


1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2

1 1

2

3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2

4

1

4

2

1

2

3

1

4 4

5 5

3 3 3

6

5 5 5

8

10

7

4

11

10

2

4

6

8

10

12

Count

Year

Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) – Annual Disasters Statistical Review 2006, Brussels, May 2007

30



Types of Disasters in Pakistan

21 22

50

121

1015

1 40

102030405060

Win

d Sto

rm

Ear

thqu

ake

Floo

d

Land

Slid

es

Fam

ine

Epi

dem

ic

Ext

rem

eTe

mpe

ratu

re

Inse

ctIn

fest

atio

n

Dro

ught

Freq

uenc

y

1956 -2006

Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) – Annual Disasters StatisticalReview 2006 31



Progress Under New System of DM

32

National Risk Assessment National hazard and risk assessment

Being carried out - Will serve as key baseline document for DRR planning at the national/provincial/local level

Assessment expected to be completed by end 2012 Pilot project of Hazard, Livelihood and Vulnerability

(HLV) baseline assessment completed in 10 districts EQ risk assessments completed in Muzaffarabad,

Mansehra, Murree, Quetta & Chitral. Exercise aimed at integrating EQ vulnerability reduction into development plans and schemes

Risk assessment of Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding (GLOF) completed in Gilgit district of Gilgit-Baltistan



33

Training, Education & Awareness Specialized training courses organized on Flood/

EQ/Drought/Coastal Hazards Mitigation, DRR Mainstreaming and Disaster Risk Communication

Trainings for professionals for EQ resistant housing conducted

Following knowledge products/ training manuals developed and disseminated

– Guidelines for earthquake safer construction– Seismic retrofitting manual for buildings– Seismic hazard assessment– Disaster reporting manual



34

Training, Education & Awareness

– Earthquake mitigation manual– Drought mitigation manual– Flood mitigation manual– Cyclone mitigation manual– DRR mainstreaming manual– Disaster risk management manual– School safety material on DRM


Promoting Disaster Risk Management Planning Five Provincial/State, National Disaster Response Plan

and thirty District DRM plans prepared Contingency plans developed:

– Monsoon– Winter– Marine– Industrial and Chemical disasters– Cyclone

Draft Tsunami Contingency Plan ready for consultations



Community & Local Level DRR ProgrammingProgress Under New System of DM

Provision of technical human resource to all PDMAs and DRM Coordinators to 29 most vulnerable DDMAs

Key CBDRM activities include– DRM network for disaster response formulated in 11

districts– Tsunami evacuation drills in costal areas of

Balochistan and Sindh provinces– Draft action plan for school safety for Sindh and

Balochistan developed– Union council level DRM for pilot union councils

developed


Progress Under DRM

37

Multi-hazard Early warning System

Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) established in

48 districts

Tsunami early warning system established and tide

gauges installed; Training for seismic data collection

and tide gauge maintenance also imparted

Drought early warning system and mitigation projects

implemented in Tharparkar District

Indigenous knowledge based early warning indicators

for drought developed


Progress Under DRM

38

Mainstreaming DRR into Development The initiative is currently on-going in following ten

ministries: – Planning Commission of Pakistan– Ministry of Housing and Works– Ministry of Water and Power– Ministry of Industries and Production– Ministry of Defense– Ministry of Communication – Ministry of Environment (Devolved)– Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Devolved)– Ministry of Education (Devolved)– Ministry of Health (Devolved)


Progress Under DRM

39

Mainstreaming DRR into Development A chapter on DRR by the Planning Commission of

Pakistan. The proposed chapter will be made part of the five years development plan after consensus by provincial authorities

Under this component, guidelines on DRR for preparation of development project proposals (Infrastructure, Social and Production Sectors) have been prepared & circulated

Seismic concerns have been mainstreamed into the curricula of Civil Engineering Diploma


Emergency Response SystemProgress Under DRM

US&R TeamThree teams formed (CDA, City District Government

Karachi and Pak Army)Two are planned to be raised (Chitral and GB)

Programme for Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER), Phase III has been started

26 District Disaster Resource Centers (DDRCs) have been established in most vulnerable districts

DRM training being imparted to doctors and paramedical staff


Capacity Development for Post Disaster RecoveryProgress Under DRM

Strategic Planning Unit (SPU) of NDMA currently providing technical backstopping to all involved in post-flood early recovery activities

SPU’s Sectoral experts have produced the following documents

Pak Flood and Early Recovery Response Plan 2010 Sectoral strategies on Agriculture, Community

Restoration, WASH, Shelter, Education, Health and Information Management and Monitoring

Early Recovery Strategic Framework and Gap Analysis

Re-construction related outputs


Bilateral/Regional Initiative

42

SAARC Natural Disaster Rapid Response Mechanism

being devised South Asian Disaster knowledge network (web

based portal) China

Joint Pak-China Flood Management Mechanism Cooperation in Disaster Management

Australia Expansion of CBDRM programme Support to NIDM


Bilateral/Regional Initiative

43

Tripartite (Pakistan-Afghanistan-Turkey) cooperation

in disaster management

Cooperation with ADPC on DRM

UNISDR regional initiative on one million safer school

Expansion of CBDRM programme through World Bank

Capacity building programme through JICA

Cooperation with IFRC on mainstreaming IDRL

guidelines through Rules under NDM Act, 2010.


Floods 2007 - Sindh and BalochistanFlash Floods 2008 - NWFPEarthquake 2008 - Balochistan (Ziarat)Food Crisis 2008Land Slide 2010 - Attabad (Hunza, GB)Avalanches 2010 - KohistanKyrgyzstan Operation (Pak Students) - June 2010Tropical Cyclone (Phat) 2010 - Balochistan and SindhAir Blue Crash July 2010 Floods 2010 Floods 2011 (in progress)

Disaster Response


www.ndma.gov.pk

[email protected]

+92-3005012304

http://www.ndma.gov.pk/

mailto:[email protected]

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat QUESTIONS ?


Hazards in Pakistan

Predictable

Floods

Droughts

Tsunami

Cyclones/Storms

Un-Predictable

Earthquakes

Avalanches

Landslides

Glacial Lake Outbursts

Accidents of all types


Analysis of Natural Disasters in Pakistan (1987-2006)

SS##

Disaster Disaster TypeType

People People HomelessHomeless

People People KilledKilled

People People InjuredInjured

People People affectedaffected

Total Total affectedaffected

Total Total Damage Damage 000$000$

%% RanRankingking

11 Wind Wind StormStorm 22,59722,597 11,65411,654 1,1831,183 1,057,0001,057,000 1,080,7801,080,780 4,1004,100 22 66

22 Earth-Earth-quakequake 2,853,5852,853,585 142,812142,812 88,09688,096 1,294,4291,294,429 4,236,1104,236,110 5,019,2555,019,255 88 22

33 FloodFlood 8,927,6858,927,685 11,70211,702 1,2621,262 38,669,44738,669,447 47,598,39447,598,394 2,746,0302,746,030 8686 11

44 Land Land SlidesSlides 3,1003,100 384384 114114 200200 3,4143,414 -- 00 77

55 FamineFamine -- -- -- 300,000300,000 300,000300,000 -- 11 44

66 EpidemicEpidemic -- 283283 211211 16,27516,275 16,48616,486 -- 00 55

77 Extreme Extreme TempTemp -- 1,4061,406 324324 250250 574574 -- 00 88

88 DroughtDrought -- 223223 -- 2,269,3002,269,300 2,269,3002,269,300 2,47,0002,47,000 44 33

TotalTotal 11,806,96711,806,967 168,464168,464 91,19091,190 43,606,90143,606,901 55,505,05855,505,058 8,016,3858,016,385

Flood 2010Flood 2010 1,744,4711,744,471 1,9841,984 2,9462,946 20,184,55020,184,550 20,184,55020,184,550 10,000,00010,000,000 50

national disaster system & laws in pakistan by nadeem ahmed abro ndma, 12 th oct’ 2011

Documents

disaster management

disaster risk management

disaster management

disaster reduction

disaster managementimplement

complete disaster spectrum

calamity act

c of ndm act