national development planning for disaster risk reduction in indonesia reviewing the 10 years...
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MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING/
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY
Togu PardedeDeputy Director for Geology, Minning and Geothermal
Deputy of Natural Resource and Environment, BAPPENAS
Republic of Indonesia
INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON THE 10 YEARS COMMEMORATION OF THE 2004 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI
24-26 November 2014, Borobudur Hotel, Jakarta, INDONESIA
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING FOR
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IN INDONESIA :
Reviewing the 1 years progress
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OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Disaster Management Policy in the National
Development Planning
3. Regulatory, Institutional, Budgeting /Investement
Framework on Disaster Management
4. Implementation DRR HFA and Post HFA in Indonesia
5. Example DRR activity
6. Conclusion
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INTRODUCTION(Disaster Overview
in Indonesia)
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INTRODUCTION
Increasing frequency of disasters has threaten development and investments
and causing casualties and economic losses that are not small
Geology condition of Indonesia ( sitting in the 3 active faults, ring of fire)
Disasters events 1300/year in average (flood, landslide,, earthquake).5.84
occurance of earthquake/day in 4 RS.
205 million of people living in risk of disaster (87% of population). 388
Districs/Municipal of 497 District/Municipal in high risk (78%), while
remaining (22%) are in medium risk. (IRBI 2014, BNPB)
Within ten years (2004-2014) damage and loss of big disaster reach Rp.167 T,
while the total spending of government for emergency response and
rehabilitation is Rp 102 T. (It can build 60 airport kualanamu, 15 Jakarta MRT)
The growth centers and economic centers are potential in risk.
Disasters significantly contributes to increase the gap in regional development
(increasing the poor, setback in development, lowering investor interest, etc)
The policy, legal or regulatory framework is not fully in place that makes
disaster risk reduction as normal part of the development process.
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INDONESIA IS DISASTER PRONE COUNTRY
DISASTER RISK MAP OF INDONESIA, 2013
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TSUNAMI RISK MAP
TSUNAMI RISK MAP OF INDONESIA, 2013
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No. Disaster Event Date Damages & Losses (Billion IDR)
1 Earthquake and Tsunami, Aceh Dec 2004 41.400
2 Earthquake DIY & Central Java May 2006 29.150
3 Mud Flod Sidoarjo May 2006 7.300
4 Jabodetabek Flood , 2007 Feb 2007 5.184
5 Earthquake West Sumatera Mar 2007 1.080,7
6 Earthquake - Bengkulu and West Sumatera Sept 2007 1.790.9
7 Flood and Landslide East Java Jan 2008 1.691.5
8 Earthquake in Tasikmalaya, West Java Sept 2009 6.900
9 Earthquake, West Sumatera Sept 2009 2.0867
10 Flash Flood in Wasior, West Pupua Sept 2010 280,58
11 Earthquake and Tsunami in Mentawai Islands Oct 2010 348,92
12 Mount Merapi Eruption Oct 2010 3.628,71
13 Others 2004-2010 34.000
14 Jabodetabek Flood , 2013 Jan 2013 8.340
15 Earthquake in Aceh Tengah dan Bener Meriah Jul 2013 1.356,6
16 Mt. Sinabung Eruption Jan 2014 865
17 Flash Flood in Manado Jan 2014 1.569,9
18 Mt. Kelud Eruption Feb 2014 1.255,0
TOTAL 167.741,8
MAJOR CATASTROPHES IN RECENT DECADE
(2004-2014)
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DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
(Long Term, Medium and Annually)
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DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN INDONESIA
Ministry Annual Work Plan
National Long TermDevelopment Plan (NLTDP )
National Medium Term
Development Plan (NMTDP )
Strategic Plan Line
Ministries/Sectoral
National Government Annual
Work Plan
Local Government Agency
Annual Work Plan
Local Long Term DevelopmentPlan (LLTDP )
Local Government Medium
Term Development Plan
(LGMTDP )
Strategic Plan Local
Government Agencies
Local Government Annual WorkPlan
NATIONAL LOCAL
20ye
ar
5
year
1
year
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Reforming the NKRI,
developing an Indonesia
that is secure, peaceful,
just, and democratic,
with enhanced
properity.
consolidating
the reformed Indonesia,
increasing the quality
of human resources, pr
omotion of capacity bui
lding in science and technology,
strengthening of econo
mic competitiveness
Consolidating of devel
opment in a comprehe
nsive by emphasizing
attainment
of economic competiti
ve advantage based on
available natural reso
urces , quality of hum
an resources,capability science and
technology
realizing an Indonesiat
hat is selfreliant, adva
nced, just, and prosper
ous through the accele
ration of development
in various fields by e
mphasizing the realiz
ed economic structure
that is more solid on
the basis of competiti
ve advantage in vario
us regions, and is supported by
quality and competitiv
e human resources.
THE STAGES OD DEVELOPMENT IN LONG TERM
DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2005-2025
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VISION & MISSION LONG TERMDEVELOPMENT PLAN 2005-2025(in accordance with disaster management)
1. Creating a society, moral,
culture based on Pancasila
2. Realizing the highly
competitive nation
3. Realizing a democratic
society based on the rule
of law4. Realizing secure, peaceful,
and united of Indonesia
5. Creating equal and
equitable development
6. Realization of Livability
and Sustainable Indonesia
7. Realizing Indonesia to
became independent,
advanced, powerfulmaritime nation based on
national interests
8. Realizing an Indonesia
that has an important role
in the international
Community
1. Harnessing Renewable Natural
Resources.
2. Managing Natural Resources Non-
Renewable
3. Maintain Security Availability Energy
4. Maintaining and Preserving Water
Resources
5. Developing Potential of MarineResources
6. Increase the Value Added on
Utilization of Unique Natural
Resources Tropical Notice and
Managing the Diversity of Existing
Natural Resources in Each Region
7. Disaster Mitigation In accordance
with Indonesian Geological
Conditions8. Controlling Pollution and
Environmental Degradation
9. Increasing Capacity Natural
Resources Management and
Environment
10.Increase Public Awareness to care
the Environment
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Disaster Management in LTDP 2005-
2025
1. Realizing Competitive Nations :
a. The development and utilization of science and technology , through the enhancement of
national science and technology capabilities in fulfilling the lives of the nation , and create
a sense of security , the role of science and technology necessary to anticipate and cope
with natural disasters .
b . Facilities and adequate infrastructure and advanced , through increasedpublic
participation and partnership among stakeholders continue to be pursued not only
during disaster but also at the stage of disaster prevention and post- disaster recovery
2. Achieve a more equitable development and justice , including the poor and people living
in remote areas , disadvantaged and disaster areas.
3. Realizing Indonesia are balance and sustainable . Development is done by taking intoaccount environmental and including improving capabilities and implementation of early
detection as well as promoting and disseminating information on threats and vulnerability
to natural disasters to the public at an early stage .
4. Realizing Indonesian archipelago independent, advanced , powerful , and based on
national interests . Reduce disaster impacts of coastal and marine pollution , through the
development of disaster mitigation systems and the development of early warning system .
In RPJPN 2005-2025, the development of disaster management is directed to
support the achievement of the mission and the main targets for :
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MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
2010-2014
Governance and Bureaucracy Reform
Education
Health
Poverty Reduction
Food Security
Infrastructure
Business and Investment
Energy
Environment and Disaster Management
Disadvantaged, Border, Outer Islands and Post Conflict
Culture, Creativity and Technology Innovation
RPJMN 2010-2014 has integrated disaster management efforts into the national policy to
be integrated into local development planning synergistically, and described in the annualwork plan in all units of local government work .
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POLICY APPROACH IN MANAGING RISK IN
INDONESIA DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
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Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction as national and localpriority
Strengthening capacity of disaster management at national and
sub-national level,
Effective utilization of spatial management instrument for
disaster risk reduction policy framework
Encouraging the participation of civil society for disaster
management and disaster risk reduction as well as improving the
community resilience by adopting the local wisdom
Increasing the quality of delivery result of emergency andhumanitarian assistance
Acceleration of quality physical and livelihood recovery in the
disaster affected region
Disaster Management Policy in the National
MediumTerm Development Planning
2010-2014
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Regulatory, Institutional, Budgeting
/Investment Framework on
Disaster Management
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1. Law No 24 year 2007 on Disaster Management
2. Law No 26 year 2007 on Spatial Planning
3. Law No 27year 2007 on Small Islands and Coastal Management
4. Government Regulation (GR) No 21/2008 on DM Operations, GR
No 22/2008 on Funding & Management of Disaster Assistance, GR No
23/2008 on Participation of International Institutions and Foreign
Non-Government Institution in DM
5. Presidential Regulation No 8 / 2008 on NDMA (BNPB)
1. Establishment of BNPB in 20082. Establishment of BPBD in a number of provincial and
district / city levels
3. Establishment on National Platform on DRR
4. Establishment of Mitigation Forum (led by Ministry of
Marine Affairs and Fisheries)
Regulatory Framework
Institutional Framework
REGULATORY & INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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Disaster Budget Alocation and Disaster
Risk Reduction Investment
Disaster risk reduction activities not consumptive activities , but ratheran investment , because the results can not be seen today , but in the
future
According to the Global Agreement, the funding support to DRR at least
includes:
1% of the total national budget,
10% of the total funding of the post disaster recovery budget; and
30% of the total funding of climate change related budget
the amount of the allocation of funding for State Budget (APBN) 2013amounted to 0.9% for DRR, increasing compare to year of 2007 that of
0.7%. For the provincial budget on average only 0.38 % and
districts/city average less than 0.1 % .
It still need affirmative budget policy to reach 1% of the total APBN
every year.
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Implementation DRR HFA
and Post HFA in Indonesia
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NO PRIORITAS HFA LevelProgress
1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction
is priority with strong institution
3.5
2. Identify, assess and monitor
disaster risks and enhance early
warning
3.75
3. Build a culture of safety andresilience
3.25
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors 3.25
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness
for effective response
3.5
JUMLAH
Indonesia DRR Progress:
5 Level Progress:
1 Minor progress with few signs of forward
action in plans or policy
2 Some progress, but without systematic
policy and/or institutional commitment
3 Institutional commitment attained, but
achievements are neither comprehensive
nor substantial
4 Substantial achievement attained but
with recognized limitations in capacities
and resources
5 Comprehensive achievement with
sustained commitment and capacities at all
levelsSource: HFA Progress Report : Indonesia
DRR PROGRESS ON HFA 2005-2015 (5
PA, based on 22 HFA Indicator)
The Global Assessment Report (102 countries) : Significant Progress : PA No. 1 and 5 ,
Consistence Progress : 2 , Weak Progress : 3 and 4. ( Source : GAR 2009)
Weak progress: HFA no.3 & 4
Significant progress : HFA No .2
COMPARE WITH INVESTEMNT?
Global DRR Progress:
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DRR INVESTMENT ON HFA 2005-2015
(based on National Budget)
NO HFA PRIORITY
BUDGET 2011 BUDHET 2012 LineMinistries
to involvedRp. Miliar (%) Rp. Miliar (%)
1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction
is priority with strong institution
282 2,77 283 2,53 14
2. Identify, assess and monitor
disaster risks and enhance early
warning
479 4,70 618 5,52 16
3. Build a culture of safety and
resilience
133 1,31 118 1,05 12
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors 8.449 82,79 9.394 83,74 9
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness
for effective response
860 8,44 803 7,16 12
TOTAL 10.205 100,00 11.218 100,00
The biggest investment allocation (84 %) is used to implement the HFA priority
actions no. 4: reducing the factors underlying risk ;
The smallest allocation investment for priority action no.3: utilize the knowledge ,
innovation and education to build culture of safety and resilience
Sumber: Bappenas-UNDP, 2013
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EXAMPLES OF DRR ACTIVITY:DRR
Based Village Planning
DRR b d Vill S i l Pl i i A h R
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Within 2 years, 647 Village Spatial Plans (VP)
were made in Aceh Prov, 63 village plans in
Banda Aceh City as basic of reconstructionprojects.
3 multilateral agencies, 3 Bilateral donors, 3
INGO, as well as BRR supported all the resources
in making the plans. Each donor use their own
approaches
The Village Plan/Community Action plan isdeveloped by the villagers assisted by thousands
planners and facilitators that had been dispatched
at villages
The Village Planning process is complex due to
the characteristics of extreme situation (natural
and man-made disaster/conflict) and manyplayers/donors involved.
Lesson Learned for current/upcoming Village
Resilience Project (BNPB, MinKKP, MinSocial, Min
Env, MinKKDTDT, etc)
DRR based Village Spatial Planning in Acehs Recovery
Post Tsunami 2004
23
ADB6%
BRR21%
CARE3%
GTZ6%
MDF-WorldBank31%
Mercy Corps3%
UNHabitat9%
UPLINK9%
USAID
12%
Donor`s contribution on VP inBanda Aceh City
CARE0%
ADB9%
Ausaid-LOGICA
25%
BRR
37%
GTZ3%
MDF-REKOMPAK
13%
MERCYCORPS
2%UN
HABITAT2%
UP-LINK2%
USAID4%
GERMANRED CROSS
3%
Total: 63 villages
Donor's Contribution on VP in Aceh Province
* Source Togu Pardede (2014) Politics in Spatial Planning Following Aceh Tsunami 2004 in Up comingBook Spatial Planning Following Disaster, 2014
EXAMPLE of VILLAGE PLAN: Lamjabat village (USAID model)
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EXAMPLE of VILLAGE PLAN: Lamjabat village (USAID model)
Profil Desa: Housing Destroyed
Population before and
after (before 1670 after
240)
Proses: 3 months participation
process: socialization,
community land and risk
mapping, data collection,
Spatial Plan, DevelopmentScenario,
Plan Component :
- Village Land and Risk Map
- Vilage Spatial PLan
- Infrastructure plan
- Mitigation: Green Belt,
evacuation road, escape
building/hill,Sirine
- Village DevelopmentProgram (RPJMDesa)
0203
04
05
06
07
08
0910
11
12
13
14
15
16
1718
19
70
22
2021
71
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
31
30
3233
34
353639
3837
40
41
4243
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
6 1 6 2
63 64 65
66
67 68 69
220
70
71
727374
75 76
7 7 7 8 7 9 8 0
81
82
83848586
87888990
9 1 9 2 93 94
95
96
97
9899100101102103104105
106
107
108109
100 1 1 1 1 1 2 113 114 115 116
117
118
119
120
121
DESABLANGOI
DESA
GAMPONG
BARO
DESACOTLAMKUWEH
DESAGAMPONGBLANG
136137
138
139
140141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
217
152
153
154 155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167 168 169
170
171 172
173
174
175176177
178
179180
181
182
183
183
184 185
186
187
188
189
190 191 192 193 194
196
195
197
198
199 200201
202
203204205
206 207
208 209
210
211
216
212
213
214
215
DESASURIEN
SMU NEGERI6 BANDAACEH
SMP NEGERI2
BANDAACEH
KUBURAN
SDN 49 BANDAACEHTK NEGERI
PUSKESMAS
135134
133
1 2 3 1 1 2
124
125
2 1 8126127
128
129
131
130132
S A W AH
S A W AH
J
K LI H E U U K
K LI
E
L U / I E
I I E U U H
E ILIK IHHI U
01
K I
I I
L
L K I
K L
K
HLI I
3002001000
JARINGANJALAN EKSISTING
JALANYANGRUSAK
SALURANDRAINASE
Village land mapping : land title Village Plan: land use
Village Plan Draft: signed by head of village,BRR,resident representative
Sebelum tsunami Setelah tsunami
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DISASTER MANAGEMENT CHALLEGE IN
2015-2019
Geological disasters is still a threat and risk to national and regionaleconomic growth
The frequency and increasing the threat of catastrophic events ofclimatology and climate change ; especially floods , landslides ,tornados, and drought
Financing post-disaster recovery is still a burden on the centralgovernment
Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in development in national andsub national has not been fully implemented, so that the DRR
investment has not been a significantly impact.
The ineffectiveness of the performance of disaster management toreduce vulnerability and disaster risk management
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1. Since 2005 until recently, a significant evolution is made on disaster management inIndonesia. Strengthening the capacity for disaster risk management is become one of the
GoI priority in the LTDP 2005-2025 in MTDP since 2005 to 2014, as well as Goverment
Annual work Plan.
2. Disaster management agency has been established at central and provincial/district level tolead and coordinate the pre-disaster, during and post disaster program implementation.
3. The fact that disaster management has become national political commitment needs to beadvanced into integrating disaster management into the overall national and local
development planning as well as increasing DRR investement. Synchronize the planinig
the document, coordination among government at national and sub national is the key to
integrating disaster management into development
4. Next RPJMN 2015-2010 more focus in building the resilience and reducing risk in riskregions/areas-as well as in the growth centre. (Current and future risk)
5. Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience contribut for Sustaining Human Progress(HDR 2014).
6. Post HFA 2016-2026in Sendai March 2015 is crucial in promoting DRR in the next decade.Important issues have to be promoted: Understanding disaster risk, Strengthening
governance to manage disaster risk , Preparedness for response, recovery and
reconstruction Build Back Better, Investing in social, economic and environmental
resilience.
CLOSING REMARKS
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THANK YOU