national curriculum guidelines
TRANSCRIPT
Word:
Lingua franca
Phonological transcription:
/ˈlɪŋgwə/ /ˈfræŋkə/
Definition: A language that is used among different groups of people for communication.
Example:
English is unquestionably the world’s lingua franca at present.
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Word:
Functions
Phonological transcription:
/ˈfʌŋkʃənz/
Definition: The purpose for which an utterance or unit of language is used.
Example: Syllabus is organized in terms of the different language “functions” the learners need to express or understand to communicate effectively.
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Word:
Independent users of English
Phonological transcription:
/ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt/ /ˈjuzərz/ /ɑv/ /ˈɪŋglɪʃ/
Definition:Phrase used to refer to the student when he/she is able to carry on most conversations, write comprehensibly, making clear arguments or explanations and read grade level texts and discuss them orally.Example:
Independent users of English don’t need help to communicate.
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Word:
Communicate effectively
Phonological transcription:
/kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt/ /ɪˈfɛktɪvli/
Definition: A process which facilitates information sharing between people by expressing thoughts in a more abstract way, using cultural topics, as well as explaining differences among cultures.
Example:
At B1 level, learners are able to communicate effectively while traveling in countries that use the target language.
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Word:
Real time
Phonological transcription:
/riəl/ /taɪm/
Definition:
The actual time during which a process takes place or an event occurs.
Example: Students must be exposed to the target language in every school year in a real time of 120 hours.
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Word:
Lightbown & Spada
Phonological transcription:
/laɪtboʊn/ /ˈspɑdə/
Definition:
Assumption for which students are already exposed to the English language since 2nd year of school.
Example:
According to Lightbown & Spada students should already know English language at 8th grade.
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Word:
Components
Phonological transcription:
/kəmˈpoʊnənts/
Definition:
A part that combines with other parts to form something bigger.
Example:
Specific objectives for the components of communicative language competence have been proposed for each school year.
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Word:
B1 language proficiency level
Phonological transcription:
/bi/1 /ˈlæŋgwəʤ/ /prəˈfɪʃənsi/ /ˈlɛvəl/
Definition:Learners will become independent users of the language who have come across most of the basic structures and lexis of the language and therefore, have acquired a degree of fluency and comprehension of some general authentic English. Example: Curriculum Overall ObjectivesThe first objective of the curriculum guideline is to ensure high-school graduates reach a minimum B1 language proficiency level according to the CEF.
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Word:
Communicative language competence
Phonological transcription:
/kəmˈjunəkətɪv/ /ˈlæŋgwəʤ/ /ˈkɑmpətɪns/
Definition:Knowledge of not only if something is formally possible in a language, but also whether it is feasible, appropriate, or done in a particular speech community.
Example: The second curriculum overall objective is to build up learners’ communicative language competence in its linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic components.
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Word:
Linguistic competence
Phonological transcription:
/lɪŋˈgwɪstɪk/ /ˈkɑmpətɪns/
Definition:
The unconscious knowledge of grammar that allows a speaker to use and understand a language.
Example:
Linguistic competence constitutes knowledge of language, but that knowledge is tacit, implicit.
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Word:
Socio-linguistic competence
Phonological transcription:
/ˈsoʊsioʊ/ /lɪŋˈgwɪstɪk/ /ˈkɑmpətɪns/
Definition:
Refers to the sociocultural conditions of language use.
Example: When greeting someone in a very formal situation an American might say, Hello, but if he were meeting a friend in an informal situation it would be much more appropriate to say Hi.
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Word:
Pragmatic competence
Phonological transcription:
/prægˈmætɪk/ /ˈkɑmpətɪns/
Definition:
Concerned with the functional use of linguistic resources.
Example:
Inviting, thanking, apologizing, etc.
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Word:
Exponents
Phonological transcription:
/ɪkˈspoʊnənts/
Definition:
Language items needed for functions or speech acts such as identifying, describing, inviting, offering, etc.
Example:
Identifying, describing, inviting, offering, etc.
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Word:
Neutral register
Phonological transcription:
/ˈnutrəl/ /ˈrɛʤɪstər/
Definition:
Refers to language that is neither too formal nor too informal and is more generally applicable in a variety of situations.
Example: “Can you tell me the time, please?” is more generally applicable than “Would you mind telling me the time, please?”
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Word:
Informational texts
Phonological transcription:
/ɪnˈfɔrˈmeɪʃənəl/ /tɛksts/Definition:Texts designed to convey information about something rather than to tell or advance a narrative.
Example:
Books, magazines, handouts, brochures, CD rooms and the internet.
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Word:
Transactional texts
Phonological transcription:
/trænˈzækʃən(ə)l/ /tɛksts/
Definition:Texts that start with the purpose of communicating ideas and information between individuals.
Example: Personal letters, short biographies.
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Word:
Expository texts
Phonological transcription:
/ɪkˈspɑː.zə.tɔːr.i/ /tekst/
Definition:
The ones which inform, describe or explain something and include autobiographies, short descriptions, media articles, etc.
Example:
Autobiographies, short descriptions, media articles, etc.
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Word:
Personal domain
Phonological transcription:
/ˈpɜrsɪnɪl/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
Definition:
Comprises family relations and individual social practices.
Example:
Having a personal domain name can be a great resource. Whether or not you have bought a domain that is your actual name, there are a lot of different reasons to do so.
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Word:
Educational domain
Phonological transcription:
/ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
Definition:
Is concerned with the learning context where the aim is to acquire specific knowledge or skills.
Example:
Learners should know the names of various locations, e.g. gym, classroom, office, and objects in classrooms.
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Word:
Public domain
Phonological transcription:
/ˈpʌblɪk/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
Definition:
Refers to everything connected with ordinary social interaction.
Example:
Public services, cultural and leisure activities of public nature, and relations with the media.
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Word:
Personal background
Phonological transcription:
/ˈpɜrsɪnɪl/ /ˈbækˌgraʊnd/
Definition:
Includes personal identification.
Example:
House, home, and environment; daily life; free time and entertainment; and relations with other people.
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Word:
Educational background
Phonological transcription:
/ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl/ /ˈbækˌgraʊnd/
Definition:
Includes issues related to school and instruction.
Example:
Curricular subjects, classroom equipment, educational roles, etc.
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Word:
Social background
Phonological transcription:
/ˈsoʊʃəl/ /ˈbækˌgraʊnd/
Definition:
One's social demographics such as one's color, creed, race, language, education, life style, religion, nationality.
Example:
Includes public entertainment, travel, health and body care, shopping, food and drink, and services.
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Word:
Backtracking
Phonological transcription:
/ˈbækˌtrækɪŋ/
Definition:
Returning to a previous point or subject, as in a discussion or lecture.
Example: By the end of the 8th year EGB, students will be able to produce slow, hesitant, planned monologues with frequent pauses to search for expressions, backtracking, errors, etc.
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Word:
Repair
Phonological transcription:
/rɪˈpɛr/
Definition:A term for ways in which errors, unintended forms, or misunderstandings are corrected by speakers or others during conversation.
Example: I need your, uhm…how do you say that… folder (self-initiated repair).
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Word:
Display question
Phonological transcription:
/dɪˈspleɪ/ /ˈkwɛsʧən/
Definition:
A question which is not a real question, but which serves to know how much the student know about the language practice.
Example:
It is raining, isn’t it?
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Word:
Referential questions
Phonological transcription:
/.ref.əˈren.ʃəl/ /ˈkwes.tʃəns/
Definition:
Question used to acquire information which is not known to the teacher.
Example:
What is your family like?
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Word:
Procedural texts
Phonological transcription:
/prəˈsiʤərəl/ /tɛksts/
Definition:A genre of writing that explains the instructions or directions to complete a task with text types that include recipes and ‘how to’ instructions.
Example: A composition that describes the necessary steps for completing a task in a real-world setting such as the instructions for using a vending machine.
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Word:
Narrative texts
Phonological transcription:
/ˈnɛrətɪv/ /tɛksts/
Definition:
A genre of writing that entertains or tells a story with text types that include personal narratives.
Example:
First-person stories.
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Word:
Realistic fiction
Phonological transcription:
/ˌriəˈlɪstɪk/ /ˈfɪkʃən/
Definition:
Stories based on characters, settings, problems, events, and solutions that could happen in real life.
Example:
The fault in our stars.
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Word:
Persuasive texts
Phonological transcription:
/pərˈsweɪsɪv/ /tɛksts/
Definition:
A genre of writing that attempts to convince readers to embrace a particular point of view.
Example:
Movie review
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Word:
Vocational domain
Phonological transcription:
/voʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
Definition:It envolves everything concerned with people’s activities and relations in the exercise of their occupations.
Example:
America's Job Bank
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Word:
Circumlocutions
Phonological transcription:
/ˌsɝː.kəm.ləˈkjuː.ʃəns/
Definition:
An indirect way of expressing something.
Example:
I'm trying to avoid circumlocutions in my writing.
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Word:
Salient politeness conventions
Phonological transcription:
/ˈseɪliənt/ /pəˈlaɪtnəs/ /kənˈvɛnʃənz/
Definition:
Particularly those affecting everyday life, living conditions, interpersonal relations, and major values and attitudes.
Example:
Please refer to the corresponding Curriculum Specifications document.
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Word:
Exponents
Phonological transcription:
/ɪkˈspoʊnənts/
Definition:
The language items needed for performing functions such as identifying, describing, inviting, offering, etc.
Example:
Speech acts.
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Word:
Persuasive essays
Phonological transcription:
/pərˈsweɪsɪv/ /ˈɛˌseɪz/
Definition: In persuasive or argumentative writing, we try to convince others to agree with our facts, share our values, accept our argument or conclusions and adopt our way of thinking.
Example:
Students must write a persuasive essay about internet and web resources.
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Word:
Identify relevant information
Phonological transcription:
/aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ/ /ˈrɛləvənt/ /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/
Definition:To involve determining the audience for whom the text will be produced and the attitudes and communicative intentions of the author, etc.
Example:
While reading, you must identify relevant information.
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Word:
Dead ends
Phonological transcription:
/dɛd/ /ɛndz/
Definition:
When no progress can be made or no advancement is possible.
Example:
“Reached an impasse on the negotiations”.
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Word:
Jumpiness
Phonological transcription:
/ˈʤʌmpɪnəs/
Definition:
Doubt, the state of being temporarily nervous.
Example: Use a limited number of cohesive devices to link their utterances into clear, coherent discourse though there may be some “jumpiness” in a long contribution.
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