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NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURE FOR KHARIF
CAMPAIGN-2016
VENUE: NATIONAL AGRICULTURE SCIENCE CENTRE PUSA
COMPLEX, NEW DELHI
PROGRAMME Day 1st: 11th April, 2016
09.30 AM - 10.00 AM Registration and Assembly (Auditorium).
10:00 AM -10.15 AM Arrival of Ministers/Secretaries,
Welcome of the VIPs by bouquets
Lightening of lamps
10.15 AM – 10.20 AM Welcome Address & Overview of the Conference by
Additional Secretary (AD).
10.20 AM – 10.25 AM Presentation by Agriculture Commissioner and JS (Crops) on
Rabi review & Kharif prospects.
10.25 AM – 10.30 AM Address by DG (ICAR) & Secretary (DARE).
10.30 AM- 10.35 AM Address by Secretary (AHD&F).
10.35 AM – 10.40 AM Address & Expectations from the Conference- Secretary
(AC&FW)
10.40 AM – 10.45 AM Address by MOS (Agri.)- Shri M.K. Kundariya.
10.45 AM- 10.55 AM Address by MOS (Agri.)- Dr. Sanjeev Balyan.
10.55 AM- 11.20 AM Address by Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Minister.
11.20 AM- 11.50 AM Tea Break followed by Press Conference by Agriculture
Minister (if desired).
11.50 AM- 12.10 PM Presentation on Weather & Crop forecast for Kharif &
preparing for contingency in case of monsoon deviation –
Lead Division Drought Management, DAC&FW, along with
Indian Metrological Department & DDG (Crops), JS (Crops),
CRIDA.
12.10 PM – 12.50 PM
Presentation on Management of critical inputs for Kharif –
fertilizer & seeds.
(12.10 PM-12.30 PM) Fertilizers – JS(INM) & JS,
Department of Fertilizers
(12.30 PM – 12.50 PM) Seeds- JS (Seeds)
12.50 PM – 02.00 PM Lunch.
02.00 PM – 02.15 PM Move to seminar hall & settle
02.15 PM onwards Parallel discussion session by respective Groups on specific
topics relating to the 4 domains: Agriculture, Horticulture,
Marketing & Cooperation and Animal Husbandry & Dairy (all
groups will assemble in their assigned seminar halls and
discuss/ get presentation ready by late evening).
Day 2nd : 12th April, 2016
09.30 AM- 11.30 AM
Presentation by Group Leaders in 4 different halls – obtain
feedback and firm up presentation.
Domain I, Agriculture: Groups 1 to 6
Domain II, Horticulture: Group 7 & 8
Domain III, Animal Husbandry & Dairying: Group 8 & 10
Domain IV, Credit, Cooperation & Marketing: Group 11 to 13
Release of book of Crop Division on “Impact Evaluation
Studies of Technical Component of NFSM -III”.
11.30 AM – 12.00 Noon Tea Break
12.00 Noon – 1.30 PM Open house discussion in the presence of all three
Secretaries of the Ministry (Auditorium)
01.30 PM – 02.30 PM Lunch
02.30 PM – 3.30 PM
In the presence of Minister (A&FW)
Presentation of highlights of various sessions by 4 officers
(AS/JS) representing the four major domains
03.30 PM – 04.00 PM Open house discussions in the presence of Minister
04.00 PM – 04.30 PM Closing address by the Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
Minister
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DOMAIN - I: AGRICULTURE
1. PULSES AND OILSEEDS – STRATEGY TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION OF PULSES AND OILSEEDS THROUGH IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY PACKAGE
A. PULSES 1.1 Basic Information
1.1.1 Pulses are important food crops in India for their nutritive protein content and amino acids, ability to enhance soil fertility by fixing nitrogen, opportunity for crop diversification in monoculture States and livelihood security to farmers particularly living in rainfed regions of the country. Pulses cultivation faces problems such as use of rainfed marginal lands, susceptibility to pest and disease attacks, weather aberrations, lack of genetic breakthrough and diversion of pulse area to more remunerative crops as and when irrigation facilities become available and socio-economic constraints (farmers‟ preference towards cultivation of fine cereals & commercial crops due to assured returns, risk and instability in yield, and low grain yield). 1.1.2 India has a key place in global pulses production and contributes around 25 percent of total pulse basket. Though there has been significant increase in pulses production in the last decade from 15 million tonnes to 19 million tonnes, however, there is need to increase pulses production to achieve self-sufficiency. This can be achieved by raising productivity by adopting better management practices and expanding area under pulses. During 2014-15, the total production of pulses in the country was 17.15 million tonnes from 23.55 million ha area. Out of this total pulses production, kharif pulses alone contributing 33.41 percent from an area of 9.76 million ha. The major contribution in the total production comes from the rabi pulses particularly due to increase in the area and higher yield of gram. The major pulse producing States in the country are Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka which together contribute more than 75 % of total pulses production in the country. 1.1.3 India is presently the largest importer of pulses in the world. About 4.59 million tonnes of pulses was imported during 2014-15 to meet the domestic demand. The shortage of pulses is gradually increasing due to growth in population and introduction of protein based food industries. To meet the domestic demand in the country, there is urgent need to increase the production of pulses including kharif pulses through area expansion and productivity enhancement.
1.1.4 The pulse crops like pigeonpea, mungbean, urdbean, mothbean etc. are cultivated in different agro-ecological regions during kharif season. They are grown as a sole crop, intercrop, catch crop, relay crop, cover crop and green manure crop etc. Intercropping is commonly practiced to obtain sustainable production even under adverse weather conditions. The development of short duration varieties of mungbean, urdbean and pigeonpea has paved way for crop diversification and intensification in India.
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1.2 On-going Schemes 1.2.1 National Food Security Mission with component of NFSM-Pulses was launched in 2007-08 to increase the additional food grain production of 20 million tonnes with 2 million tonnes of pulses by the end of XI Plan through area expansion and productivity enhancement; restoring soil fertility and productivity; creating employment opportunities; and enhancing farm level economy. The Mission is being continued during 12th Five Year Plan with new target of additional production of 4 million tonnes of pulses by the end of XII Plan.
1.2.2 NFSM-Pulses is being implemented in 622 districts of 27 States i.e. Andhra Pradesh (13), Arunachal Pradesh (17), Assam (27), Bihar (38), Chhattisgarh (27), Gujarat (26), Haryana (21), Himachal Pradesh (12), Jammu & Kashmir (22), Jharkhand (24), Karnataka (30), Madhya Pradesh (51), Maharashtra (33), Manipur (9), Meghalaya (11), Mizoram (8), Nagaland (11), Odisha (30), Punjab (22), Rajasthan (33), Sikkim (4) Tamil Nadu (30), Telangana (9), Tripura (8), Uttar Pradesh (75), Uttarakhand (13), and West Bengal (18).
1.2.3 Under NFSM-Pulses, assistance for various interventions like cluster demonstrations on improved package of practices, demonstrations on cropping system, cropping system based training of farmers, seed distribution of HYVs , manual sprayer, power sprayer, tractor mounted sprayer, chiseller (deep ploughing), water carrying pipes, mobile raingun, sprinkler set, pump set (up to 10 HP), seed drill, zero till seed drill, multi crop planter, zero till multi crop planter, ridge furrow planter, rotavator, multi crop thresher, laser land leveller, plant protection chemical and bio pesticides, weedicides, gypsum / phospho-gypsum, bio-fertilizers, micro nutrients, local initiatives are provided. 1.2.4 The other initiatives for enhancing production of pulses are promotion of cultivation of pulses as inter-crop with cereals, oilseeds, commercial crops and planting of pigeon pea on rice bunds is being promoted to increase the area under pulses. At least 30% of the cluster demonstrations under NFSM are being conducted by adopting cropping system approach to promote pulses. Value chain integration of pulse growers through formation of Farmer-Producer Organizations (FPO) are also being promoted particularly to support the small and marginal farmers to offer collective strength for seed production, procurement and access to improved technologies. Besides, for primary processing of pulses, assistance is provided for establishment of mini dal mills under NFSM. State Agriculture Universities/ Indian Council of Agricultural Research Institutes/ International Research Organizations are also involved to address various researchable issues of pulses and demonstrations of latest technologies for better yield realization at farmers‟ field.
1.2.5 Government of India has made additional allocation of Rs 500 crores for pulses for 2016-17. Out of total allocation of Rs. 1700 crores for NFSM in 2016-17, an amount of Rs 1100 crores is earmarked for pulses. From 2016-17, various additional interventions for pulses will be undertaken by ICAR and SAUs like technology demonstration of pulses through Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), creation of seed hubs at KVKs, enhancement of breeder seed production and strengthening of bio-fertilizers and bio-agents laboratories and funds will be given from NFSM. The distribution of minikits of pulses and incentive for production of quality seeds will also
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be undertaken under NFSM for spread of seed of newer varieties. The mechanization of planting and harvesting operation and use of micro-nutrients will also be promoted. The micro irrigation system (drip and sprinkler) under PMKSY will be extended to pulse growers to provide protective irrigation for pulses.
1.2.6 Funding pattern: From the year 2015-16, the mission is being implemented on 60:40 financial sharing bases between GOI and States except in NE and Hill States where funding pattern is 90:10 between GOI and States. 1.3 Critical Issues
Need to pre pare seed rolling plan to meet requirement of seed of newer varieties
Promote use of integrated weed management and integrated pest management practices
Encourage farmers for use of recommended dose of fertilizers
Promote use of micro nutrients
Arrangement of life saving irrigations
Promote cultivation of arhar on rice bunds and farm bunds
Encourage pulses as inter crop with cereals, oilseeds and commercial crops 1.4 Other Subject Matter 1.4.1 There is a need for long term measures to increase production of pulses and proposal for creation of buffer stock of pulses through Price Support Scheme and Price Stabilization Fund. 1.4.2 In addition main production constraint in pulses is availability of good quality seed. The action plan developed so far has some of the interventions which were already included in the NFSM-pulses while some additional interventions have been identified. The availability of water in critical area and is crucial for increasing pulses production. Therefore, there should be convergence with other schemes like PMSKY. 1.4.3 MSP of pulses is declared but hardly any procurement is done. The MSP for pulses is also not attractive to the farmers when compared with other competing crops rice, wheat, cotton etc. This needs to be encouraged. 1.4.4 Economic survey of India has mentioned that Indian agriculture has become cereal-centric and as a result, regionally biased and input-intensive, consuming generous amounts of land, water, and fertiliser. Encouraging other crops, notably pulses (via a Rainbow Revolution to follow the Green and White Revolutions) will be necessary to match supply with evolving dietary patterns that favour greater proteins consumption. 1.4.5 Emphasis should be on doubling the income of the farmers in next five years in real term because in normal terms income of the farmers has doubled many time in the past but was not sustainable. Ideally, in doubling the income of the farmers, pulses along with horticulture and animal husbandry has a great role to play. We need to pin point what is required to promote pulses in particular agro-climatic
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conditions. In addition to main pulse crop, there are some other pulses which can also be promoted. 1.4.6 Periodical review of seed position with States may be made so that required amount of breeder seed to match the production of certified seed can be assessed and ICAR can produce the same quantity of breeder seed. The ICAR should also include important minor pulse crops like rajmash in their research agenda. 1.4.7 Availability of quality seed is critical for increasing production. About 33 lakh quintals of quality seed is estimated to be required to achieve 30% Seed Replacement Rate (SRR). In order to increase availability of quality seeds of improved varieties, the following new initiatives are required: Creation of seed hubs Enhancing breeder seed production Production subsidy for seed growers Popularization of new varieties through minikits Technology demonstrations Incentive for applying critical inputs Strengthening of production units of bio-fertilizers and bio-control agents Mechanization for planting and harvesting operation Training and awareness creation activities B. OILSEEDS
1.5 Basic Information
1.5.1 Domestic consumption of edible oils has increased substantially over the years and has touched the level of 23.06 million tonnes in 2014-15 (Nov-Oct) and is likely to increase further with enhancement in income and population. The growth in production of domestic edible oils (9.21 million tonnes in 2014-15) has not been able to keep pace with the growth in consumption and the gap between production and consumption is being met through import of about 14 million tonnes of oils during 2014-15 with huge drain of the exchequer.
1.5.2 Area under oilseeds has been stagnating at around 26-27 million ha except the highest coverage of 28.52 million ha in 2013-14, for the last many years mainly because these crops are grown under marginal and rainfed situation and farmers do not find cultivation of oilseeds remunerative. Groundnut, Soybean and Rapeseed & Mustard are the major oilseeds crops which contributes >85% in total area and >90% in total production of oilseeds. An analysis of area and production trends of these crops during last 20 years indicates an increase of >115% in area of Soybean and decrease of >40% under Groundnut. In case of R&M either the area remained stagnant or marginally declined depending upon late Kharif rains. Large demand of raw material by soybean processing industry coupled with better export price of de-oiled soya meal has contributed in the area expansion of Soybean. In case of Groundnut, which is highly sensitive to moisture stress, large fluctuation in yield, poor quality of produce under moisture stress leading to distress sale much below the MSP has attributed to decline of area under groundnut.
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1.6 Ongoing Schemes
National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP) comprising of three Mini Missions i.e. Mini Mission-I (MM-I) for increasing production & productivity of nine oilseed crops, Mini Mission-II (MM-II) for sustainable production of oil palm including area expansion and Mini Mission-III (MM-III) on tree borne oilseeds (TBOs) to enhance area and creation of awareness for augmenting the collection of TBOs, is under implementation across the States.
In order to encourage oilseed cultivation various incentives like production and distribution of seeds, supply of seed minikits, plant protection equipments/ chemicals, micronutrients, supply of improved farm implements, irrigation devices, IPM demonstrations, cluster demonstration through State Department of Agriculture and Cluster FLDs through ICAR and training of farmers, etc. are being provided to the farmers. In order to promote oil palm cultivation, assistance is provided for planting materials, maintenance cost, irrigation devices, establishment of seed gardens, inputs for inter-cropping, support for oil palm processing unit in North East /Hilly States and left wing areas, farmers training, etc. Support is provided for planning materials, maintenance cost, incentives for inter-cropping, distribution of pre-processing and oil extraction equipments , farmers training etc for development of TBOs. 1.7 Critical Issues
1.7.1 The following issues may be considered by the States for increasing the production and productivity of oilseeds:-
Possibilities for area expansion: Country is self-sufficient and surplus in cereals and has large deficit in oilseeds. Thus, low yielding areas of upland paddy could be diverted profitably for cultivation of groundnut, soybean and sesame during kharif and low irrigated wheat area could be diverted for cultivation of mustard. Similarly, soybean cultivation, which concentrated in M.P., Maharashtra and Rajasthan, may be extended to other states. There are many other situations, which could be used for area expansion under oilseeds and making their cultivation more profitable.
Cultivation of soybean, groundnut and sesame as a better substitute for upland
paddy. Cultivation of soybean in new/non-traditional areas like Assam, Bihar,
Jharkhand, Odisha and Eastern U.P. Area expansion under Soybean in A.P., Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka and
Telangana. Area expansion under summer groundnut in river beds/char areas of Eastern
States and after harvest of cotton/potato in Gujarat, Maharashtra and UP. Area expansion under sunflower during Rabi/Summer in Bihar, Haryana,
Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal.
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Safflower in Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. Cultivation of mustard, linseed, safflower and sesame in rice fallows in Eastern
States namely Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal.
Cultivation of sesame, niger, sunflower and castor as contingent crops under
delayed rainfall situation.
1.7.2 Inter-cropping is another option for area expansion and a tool for mitigating the adverse climatic impact. Intercropping of soybean with arhar/cotton and groundnut with arhar/cotton/castor has been widely adopted by the States like MP, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, AP and Gujarat. Therefore, inter-cropping of oilseeds with pulses and other crops may be encouraged by the States. 1.7.3 Productivity Improvement: Seed is a key input for productivity improvement of all crops including oilseeds. Availability of quality seed is a major area of concern among oilseeds due to high seed requirement particularly in case of soybean (75 kg/ha) and groundnut (150 kg/ha) resulting into dominance of age old varieties of these crops. Therefore, varietal replacement needs more focus for seed replacement. Varieties with biotic and a-biotic resistance may be included in seed production chain with timely indent and lifting of allocated quantities of breeder seeds, seed production programme with assured monitoring and certification. 1.7.4 The technologies, which have shown better impact in productivity improvement under frontline demonstration/block demonstration, may be replicated on a large scale. ATMA platform could be used for organizing exposure visit / field days of farmers on the successful cites of FLDs / block demonstrations of oilseeds. Some of the technologies are given below:- Adoption of Broad-Bed-Furrow (BBF), Ridge & Furrow (R&F), Paired Row
Planting (PRP) in soybean, Groundnut, sunflower for effective moisture conservation, preventing water logging, saving of precious seed, increased sunlight efficiency and easy weeding / PP measures with 20-25% more yield.
Contour cultivation with conservation furrows across the slope provides
significant improvement in crop yield by 26% of groundnut and sunflower. Timely planting and harvesting of kharif crop that further promotes higher
productivity of cropping systems. Seed treatment of groundnut and soybean with Rhizobium and sesame,
sunflower and safflower seed with Azospirillum and Azotobacter could save 20 to 30 kg N/ha under both rainfed and irrigated conditions.
Maintenance of optimum plant population by thinning in case of mustard. Soil application of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) can mobilize fixed
Phosphorus in soil and reduce Phosphorus application.
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Application of gypsum and micro-nutrients. Adoption of disease resistant varieties, crop rotation, clean cultivation, use of
bio-control measures for reduction in use of pesticides particularly in case of groundnut, soybean and sesame, which have large demand for export.
Adoption of poly mulch technology in groundnut particularly in summer crop
which is sown under low temperature (January/February). Bringing more area of oilseeds particularly of groundnut under protective
irrigation at critical stages through use of water saving devices like water carrying pipe and sprinklers.
1.7.5 Mechanization: Oilseeds cultivation is largely undertaken by small and marginal farmer, who cannot afford power drawn farm implements like seed drills/planters, BBF/R&F, harvesters / threshers. Line sowing, use of BBF/R&F, have shown significant yield gain in oilseed crops. Therefore, States may consider to arrange supply of these machines through custom hiring centers being created under RKVY. 1.7.6 Contingency planning: The guidelines of NMOOP provide an earmarked allocation of 10% as flexi-funds for undertaking mitigation/restoration activities in case of natural calamities. These funds could be utilized for supply of seed of crops like sesame, niger, sunflower and castor which are best suited for contingency planning under delayed monsoon conditions. 1.7.7 Procurement: Among oilseeds groundnut and sunflower are generally sold below MSP due to lack of assured procurement unlike wheat and paddy. All the oilseeds except linseed and castor are covered under Minimum Support Price Scheme. NAFED is a Nodal Agency for Price Support Operation for oilseeds. However, during last 05 years (2010-14) only 3.43 lakh tonnes of groundnut and 0.07 lakh tonnes of sunflower were procured by NAFED. Necessary supports being extended to NAFED by DAC&FW may be utilized for procurement of oilseeds by the States. 1.8 Other Subject Matters 1.8.1 The farmers are reluctant for making investment on costly inputs including seeds, which alone costs between Rs. 7000 to Rs. 8000/ha, seed subsidy on certified seeds of varieties of oilseeds including groundnut and soybean has been enhanced from Rs.12/- per kg to Rs. 25/- per kg and from Rs. 25/- per kg to Rs. 50/- per kg on hybrid seeds of castor and varietal seeds of sesame from Kharif – 2016.
1.8.2 The prescribed age limit of 10 years for distribution and organizing demonstration has been relaxed up to 15 years for next 03 years. However, States are advised to organize a sound seed rolling plan to avoid such age relaxation in future. 1.8.3 State may ensure timely issue of advisories for use of resistant varieties like JS-20-29, JS-20-69 of soybean against YMV; seed treatment with thiamethoxane 30
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FS @10g /kg; maintenance of recommended plant population; use of BBF & RF and crop rotation for management of YMV and its vector white fly. 1.8.4 National workshop / Kisan Melas are being organized by the Division in collaboration with ICAR Institutes. States may take advantage by ensuring participation of their field functionaries and farmers in large numbers.
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2. RICE – STRATEGY TO ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION OF PADDY IN STRESS PRONE AREAS (RAINFED, FLOOD PRONE, ETC) AS ALSO IN EASTERN INDIA
2.1 Basic Information 2.1.1 Rice is an important food crop of India. It is grown in almost all the States/UTs of the country. Almost the entire rainfed rice area and a considerable portion of the irrigated rice area are prone to one or more abiotic stresses. Rice yield under rainfed lowlands is low, averaging less than half of that of favourable lowlands, and it is also unstable. In India, 20.9 million ha of rice area is rainfed, of which the seven eastern India states (Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Eastern Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal) account for 14.34 million ha. Out of the 26.6 million ha of rice grown in these seven eastern Indian states, nearly 5.02 million ha is prone to frequent floods, 12.0 million ha is prone to drought, 0.75 million ha is affected by inland salinity, and 0.59 million ha is affected by coastal salinity. Flash floods and coastal salinity are also serious problems in the southern states of India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu), where rice cultivation is predominantly irrigated. 2.2 Ongoing Schemes 2.2.1 National Food Security Mission: Ministry of Agriculture launched National Food Security Mission (NFSM) in 2007 to produce additional 10 million tons of rice in XI Plan. Against this target, the country has achieved an additional production of 12 million tonnes of rice from 93.36 million tonnes during 2006-07 to 105.31 million tonnes during 2011-12. The programme is continued during 12th plan with same objectives. Presently, the programme is being implemented in 194 identified districts of 25 States i.e. Andhra Pradesh (5), Arunachal Pradesh (10), Assam (13), Bihar (15), Chhattisgarh (13), Gujarat (2), Himachal Pradesh (2), Jammu & Kashmir (8), Jharkhand (4), Karnataka (7), Kerala (1), Madhya Pradesh (8), Maharashtra (8), Manipur (9), Meghalaya (7), Mizoram (6), Nagaland (11), Odisha (8), Sikkim (2), Tamil Nadu (8), Telangana (4), Tripura (8), Uttar Pradesh (23), Uttarakhand (5)and West Bengal (7). 2.2.2 Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI): The programme of Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI) sub scheme of RKVY is also being implemented w.e.f. 2010 in seven eastern states of Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh (Eastern) and West Bengal in the districts not covered under NFSM-Rice/Wheat to address the production constraints of rice based cropping system in seven Eastern States of India where rice productivity is low due to abiotic stress as like drought, sub-mergence, stagnant water and salt affected soils.
2.2.3 In addition to above, States have also been advised to take advantage of assistance for seed distribution and demonstrations on stress tolerant varieties from Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY). Under these programmes 40 percent of the fund is earmarked for various demonstrations like direct seeded rice, line transplanting, system of rice intensification, hybrid rice production technologies, cropping system based demonstrations and stress tolerant varieties. Out of the fund
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earmarked for demonstrations, at least 30% of fund is ensured for allocation under demonstrations on stress tolerant varieties. Besides, out of funds earmarked for distribution of seed under the above programmes, States are advised to allocate at least 30% of funds for stress tolerant varieties.
2.2.4 Under NFSM and BGREI programmes, emphasis has been given on enhancing rice productivity and production, especially through the promotion of stress-tolerant rice varieties that have recently become available to farmers. A few stresses tolerant rice varieties (e.g. flood tolerant-Swarna Sub-1; drought tolerant-Shahbhagi Dhan and Sishk Samrat; salinity tolerant- CSR-36 and CSR-43 for inland salinity and CR Dhan-405 for coastal salinity) are already released for cultivation in the country.
2.3 Critical Issues
Need to prepare rolling plan to meet the requirement of seed of stress tolerant varieties of rice.
Motivate farmers for cultivation of stress tolerant varieties frequent floods and drought prone areas.
Promote line sowing with seed drill and promotion of short duration varieties in rainfed areas.
Al least 30 % of demonstrations of rice should be conducted under stress tolerant varieties and distributions of seeds of stress tolerant varieties under NFSM, BGREI, RKVY and State Plan etc.
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3. COTTON–MANAGEMENT OF COTTON CROP PARTICULARLY PEST & DISEASE VULNERABILITY BY DEPLOYING APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
3.1 Basic Information
3.1.1 The normal area (2009-10 to 2013-14 average) under cotton in India is 114.96 lakh hectares. Cotton is cultivated mainly in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Cotton is also cultivated in small area in the states like Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Orissa, West Bengal and Tripura. The Government of India through Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC), Ministry of Environment and Forests in its meeting held on 26th March, 2002 accorded approval for release of Bt cotton (with Cry1 Ac gene), which provides resistance to Lepidopteron pests of cotton. During 2007-08 GEAC also approved Boll Guard II (BG II) Bt cotton hybrids for commercial cultivation. Within a short span of time, Bt cotton hybrid proved to be the most accepted technology by the farmers. It is estimated that Bt cotton area increased substantially in the States to 110.35 lakh ha out of the total area of 117.51 lakh ha under cotton cultivation during 2013-14 which is 94% of total cotton coverage. 3.1.2 Major Constraints in Cotton Production
Nearly 65 percent cotton area in India is rainfed, mainly in the central and southern States. Maharashtra occupies 35% area under cotton and 97% cotton is rainfed.
Cotton crop is highly prone to pests and diseases.
Wide fluctuation in cotton prices mainly due to cotton export policy.
3.2 Ongoing Schemes
3.2.1 Government of India launched a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Technology Mission on Cotton (TMC) during 2000. Mini Mission-II (MM-II) of TMC was on cotton development with the aim to increase the production, productivity of cotton. MM-II of TMC was implemented by the Department of Agriculture & Cooperation in 13 States viz. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Tripura from 2000-01 to 2013-14. 3.2.2 During 12th Plan period, the Government of India has approved implementation of Cotton Development Programme under National Food Security Mission (NFSM) with effect from 2014-15. Cotton is also grown with food crops sequence in different agro climatic conditions. Therefore, the cropping system approach has been adopted to meet the demand for both domestic consumption and exports. Under NFSM – Cotton Programme it is envisaged that it will be possible through proper crop rotation – multiple cropping systems and inter cropping. Government of India is implementing Cotton Development Programme in the States of Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Assam, Orissa, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal,
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Tripura and Tamil Nadu. Besides NFSM, the State can support cotton development programme under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY). 3.2.3 Strategy & interventions: NFSM –Commercial Crop (cotton) programme is being implemented through State Department of Agriculture, ICAR, SAUs/KVKs etc. Under NFSM, the strategies have been adopted to transfer the technology through various programme viz Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM), Online Pest Monitoring and Advisory Services (OPMAS), Front Line Demonstration on Integrated Crop Management (ICM) emphasizing on technologies like planting time, weed, pest and disease management, nutrient application etc, Front Line Demonstration on Desi and Extra Long Staple (ELS) cotton , Front Line Demonstration on Intercropping, Trials on High Density Planting System. In order to increase per unit area production of cotton, demonstration is organized on High Density Planting System (HDPS) through the State Department of Agriculture and ICAR / SAUs.
3.3 Critical Issues
3.3.1 Following issues to be addressed by the States:
(i) More than 90% area is under Bt cotton, States need to ensure availability of recommended hybrids/varieties seeds for ensuing cotton season 2016-17.
(ii) The States need to motivate farmers to use refugia along with Bt cotton, as recommended.
(iii) Cotton is sown in the month of April-May in the States of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
(iv) Canal water may be made available in cotton areas of Punjab and Rajasthan timely so that sowing is complete before 15th May, 2016.
(v) Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan are vulnerable to whitely infestation; therefore, advisory issued by the ICAR may be implemented effectively.
(vi) Northern States to monitor whitefly infestation regularly. (vii) Recommended package of practices be popularized amongst the farmers. (viii) Water saving devices should be given due focus.
3.4 Other Subject Matter
3.4.1 Whitefly Management/control in Punjab, Haryana & Rajasthan 3.4.1.1 Last year, cotton had suffered large scale loss in the states of Punjab and Haryana due to whitefly infestation. Following steps have been taken this year to avoid the losses as experienced last year.
3.4.1.2 A comprehensive assessment and analysis has been done on the loss to cotton crop last year. The sowing of cotton in Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan starts in the month of April. To contain the losses this year, a meeting was held on 8.2.2016 at Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Centre, Sirsa (Haryana). The meeting was attended by officials of the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, scientists of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and senior officers of the Department of Agriculture, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. It reviewed the steps to be taken to save the crop from whitefly infestation.
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3.4.1.3 A comprehensive advisory has been sent to these three states comprising of timely sowing, use of recommended seeds, monitoring of insects, insecticides spray schedule etc along with other instructions. 3.4.1.4 ICAR has recommended insect resistant varieties/hybrids so that farmers can be advised properly in these States. Emphasis has also been given on timely sowing cotton this year. 3.4.2 Advisory for the Management of Whitefly and Leaf Curl Virus in North Zone: 2016 (Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan)
i. Regular awareness and trainings to the farmers as a mass campaign be conducted.
ii. Monitoring and management of whitefly from February onwards on all alternate hosts, viz., vegetables, ornamentals and weeds.
iii. Seeds of recommended hybrids and varieties of the region to be arranged by the respective state.
iv. The sale of seed of any other hybrid which are not recommended not be allowed.
v. For timely sowing (up to 15th May), the release of canal water should be ensured. Timely sown crop tolerates whitefly and CLCuD.
vi. Promote Desi cotton varieties: Desi cotton varieties/hybrids are tolerant to the whitefly and immune to the CLCuD.
vii. Apply recommended dose of fertilizers as per the package of practices of respective SAU and avoid excessive urea application during early vegetative phase of the crop. Apply 2-4 sprays of 2% potassium nitrate (13:0:45) at 7-10 days intervals starting from flower initiation onwards.
viii. Irrigation: Apply first irrigation at 4-6 weeks after sowing and stop irrigation at 1/3rd of boll opening.
ix. Weeding: Keep fields and the vicinity free of weeds. x. Barrier crop: Grow two rows of sorghum or pearl-millet of maize as border
around cotton fields. xi. Yellow sticky traps: Ensure timely (June) availability and Installation of yellow
sticky traps as per recommendations of SAUs during July to August.
3.4.3 Advisory for the Management of Whitefly and Pink Boll Worm in Cotton crop developed by Plant Protection Directorate of Government of India are attached as Appendix -1 and Appendix - 2.
14
APPENDIX-1
ADVISORY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF WHITEFLY IN COTTON
During Kharif 2015, severe attack of whitefly was recorded in Punjab, Haryana and parts of Rajasthan. In order to cultivate whitefly-free cotton crop, following advisories may be adopted.
1. Bt varieties with tolerance to whitefly and other sucking pests and non-Bt varieties tolerant to both bollworm and sucking pests should be identified and promoted.
2. Timely sowing of crop from 15th April to 15th May should be adhered to avoid whitefly attack at the early stage of the crop.
3. The canal repair work should be completed before April to ensure timely availability of irrigation water for sowing of cotton.
4. Farmers should be advised through extension machinery to use only recommended varieties/hybrids, doses of fertilizers and pesticides as per label claim.
5. Farmers must be educated to identify, conserve and augment the natural enemies available in the cotton fields. Parasitoids like Trichogramma spp, Bracon spp, Technid flies and predators like, Syrphids, Chrysopids, Spiders, Dragon & damsel flies, Preying mantis and ground beetles population must be augmented and conserved.
6. Farmers may be asked to avoid sowing of cotton in the vicinity of „kinnow‟ orchards and alternate hosts like tomato, okra, brinjal, moong, mash, and gaur.
7. Farmers must be advised to maintain field sanitation. Main fields and field bunds and nearby areas must be kept free from weeds which harbour the whitefly population.
8. Farmers should be educated to ensure proper coverage of underside of leaves during insecticidal sprays. They must also ensure not to repeat the same insecticides.
9. A strong and foolproof quality control system for seed, fertilizer and pesticides need to be enforced. A special campaign may be launched for quality control of seeds, fertilizers & pesticides.
10. Regular training programme for the extension workers, pesticide dealers and farmers should be organised by the SAUs/ICAR Institutes/CIPMCs/KVKs for up gradation of knowledge and skill.
11. Pesticides must be used as per CIB&RC recommendations. Detailed information is available at http://cibrc.nic.in/mup.htm. However, list of recommended pesticides for whitefly is attached at Annexure-I.
12. IPM Package of Practices for Cotton needs to be promoted. The IPM Package of Practices for Cotton may be downloaded from http://ppqs.gov.in/ipmpakpra_revised.htm or http://farmer.gov.in/ IPMPackageofPractices.html.
15
ANNEXURE-I
APPROVED USES OF REGISTERED INSECTICIDES AGAINST COTTON WHITE FLY
AZADIRACHTIN 0.03% (300 PPM) NEEM OIL BASED WSP CONTAINING Cotton White Flies - 2500-5000 500-1000 7
AZADIRACHTIN 5% W/W MIN. NEEM EXTRACT CONCENTRATES Cotton White Fly, - 375 750 5
BIFENTHRIN 10% EC Cotton Bollworm
White Fly 80
800
500
15
BUPROFEZIN 25% SC Cotton White Fly
250 1000 500-750 20
CARBARYL 85% W.P. Cotton White fly 1200
1411
500-1000
CHLORPYRIFOS 20% EC
Crop Common name of the pest
Dosage / ha Waiting Period (days)
a.i (gm) Formulation (gm/ml)
Dilution in Water (Litre)
ACETAMIPRID 20% SP Cotton Whiteflies 20 100 500-600 15
AZADIRACHTIN 0.15% W/W MIN. NEEM SEED KERNEL BASED E.C. Cotton
White fly -
2500 - 5000
500-1000
5
16
Cotton
White fly,
250
1250
500-1000
CLOTHIANIDIN 50% WDG Cotton White fly 20-25 40-50 500 20
Cotton (Soil drench)
White Fly 100-125 200-250 1000 76
DIAFENTHIURON 50%WP
Cotton
Whiteflies
300
600
500-1000
21
DINOTEFURAN 20% SG
Cotton White Fly 25-30 125-150 500 15
ETHION 50% EC
Cotton
White fly,
750-1000
1500-2000
500-1000
-
FENPROPATHRIN 30% EC Cotton White fly 75-100 250-340 750-1000 14
FIPRONIL 5% SC Cotton White fly
75-100
1500-2000
500
6
FLONICAMID 50% WG
Cotton Whiteflies 75 100 500 25
IMIDACLOPRID 48% FS PER 100KG SEED
Cotton Whitefly 300 – 540 500 – 900 NR
IMIDACLOPRID 70% WS PER 100KG SEED
Cotton Whitefly
350 – 700 500 – 1000 NR
IMIDACLOPRID 17.8% SL
Cotton White fly 20 – 25 100 – 125 500 – 700 40
17
MONOCROTOPHOS 15% SG
Cotton Whiteflies 200 1333 500-1000 58
MONOCROTOPHOS 36% SL
Cotton White fly 150 375 500-1000
PERMETHRIN 25% EC
Cotton White fly 1000
10000
PROFENOFOS 50% EC
Cotton Whiteflies 500 1000 500-1000 15
PYRIPROXYFEN 10% EC Cotton Whitefly 100 1000 500 31
THIACLOPRID 21.7% SC
Cotton Whitefly 120 – 144 500 – 600 500 52
THIAMETHOXAM 30% FS Cotton Whiteflies 3 10.0 This is used as
seed dresser
THIAMETHOXAM 70% WS
Cotton whiteflies 300 430 -
THIAMETHOXAM 25% WG
Cotton White flies 50 200 500-750
21
TRIAZOPHOS 40% EC
Cotton
Whitefly
600-800
1500-2000
500-1000
21
VERTICILLIUM LECANII 1.15%WP
Cotton White flies 2500 (formulated)
500 litres of water -
SPIROMESIFEN 22.9% SC Cotton White fly 144 600 500 10
Cotton White fly 144 600 500 10
18
COMBINATION PRODUCT
Acephate 50% + Imidacloprid 1.8% SP Cotton White flies 518 1000 500 40
Chlorpyrifos 50% + Cypermethrin 5%EC Cotton Whitefly
500+50 1000 500-1000 15
Deltamethrin 1% + Trizophos 35%EC Cotton White flies
10+350- 12.5+450
1000-1250 600-1000 21
Indoxacarb 14.5% + Acetamiprid 7.7% w/w SC Cotton Whiteflies 88.8-111 400-500 500 30
Pyriproxyfen 5% EC + Fenpropathrin 15% EC
Cotton Whitefly 25+75 – 37.5 +112.5 500-750 500-750 14
19
APPENDIX -2
ADVISORY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PINK BOLL WORM IN COTTON
During Kharif, 2015 severe attack of Pink Boll Worm (PBW) was recorded from Saurashtra region of Gujarat, parts of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh etc. Based upon the past experience, the following advisory may be followed for better management of the pest.
1. Use only recommended bollworm resistant/tolerant varieties/hybrids for the region.
2. Sowing of crop refuge (non-Bt cotton) along-with Bt cotton in appropriate proportions to delay the process of resistance development must be adopted.
3. The crop rotation with non host crop of PBW may be adopted to break the pest life cycle.
4. It was noticed that the damage percent was more in early sown crops, hence the sowing must be practiced timely.
5. The long duration Hybrids should be avoided to check the continuous availability of the hosts for PBW.
6. Intensive surveillance must be carried out during the crop season. Farmers must be educated to identify, conserve and augment the natural enemies available in the cotton fields. Parasitoids like Trichogramma spp, Bracon spp, Techanid flies and predators like, Syrphids, Chrysopids, Spiders, Dragon & damsel flies, Praying mantis and ground beetles population must be augmented and conserved.
7. The female lays eggs of the first field generation near cotton squares and sometimes on squares. Second and subsequent generation eggs are usually laid under the calyx of bolls, and when the larvae emerge from the eggs, they inflict damage through feeding. Therefore, the pheromone traps for monitoring and mass trapping of the moths must be installed well in time in the fields.
8. A strong and foolproof quality control system for seed, fertilizer and pesticides need to be enforced. A special campaign may be launched for quality control of seeds, fertilizers & pesticides.
9. Regular training programme for the extension workers, pesticide dealers and farmers should be organised by the SAUs/ICAR Institutes/CIPMCs/KVKs for upgradation of knowledge and skill.
10. Use of neem based pesticides at initial stage of the pest, and safe and judicious use of recommended pesticides as per CIB&RC recommendation must be used as last resort. A detailed list of recommended pesticides is attached at Annexure-I, or visit the CIB&RC website for more details http://cibrc.nic.in/mup.htm.
11. IPM Package of Practices for Cotton needs to be promoted. The IPM Package of Practices for Cotton may be downloaded from http://ppqs.gov.in/ipmpakpra_revised.htm or http://farmer.gov.in/ IPMPackageofPractices.html.
20
ANNEXURE-I
APPROVED USES OF REGISTERED PESTICIDES FOR COTTON BOLL WORM COMPLEX
AZADIRACHTIN 0.03% (300 PPM) NEEM OIL BASED WSP CONTAINING
Cotton Aphids, Jassids, White Flies, Bollworms,
- 2500-5000 500-1000 7
ALPHACYPERMETHRIN 10% EC
Cotton Boll Worms 15-25 165-280 600-1000 7
ALPHACYPERMETHRIN 10% SC
Cotton Boll Worms 25-30 250-300 500-1000 10
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI, SEROTYPE H-39, 3B, STRAIN Z-52 BIO-TECH. INTERNATIONAL
Cotton Bollworms, Spodoptera 0.75-1.0 kg. 500-750 -
CARBARYL 5% D.P.
Cotton
Spotted bollworm American bollworm Pink Bollworm Jassids Aphids
1000
20000
8
CARBARYL 50% WP
Crop Common name of the pest
Dosage / ha Waiting Period (days)
a.i (gm) Formulation (gm/ml)
Dilution in Water (Liter)
AZADIRACHTIN 0.15% W/W MIN. NEEM SEED KERNEL BASED E.C.
Cotton
White fly, Bollworm
-
2500 - 5000
500-1000
5
ACEPHATE 75% SP
Cotton Jassids Boll Worms
292 584
390 780
500-1000 500-1000
15
21
Cotton Aphids, Jassids, Thrips, Leaf Roller, Spotted Bollworm, Pink Bollworm, American Bollworm
1000 2000 500-1000 22
CARBARYL 85% W.P.
Cotton Pink bollworm, Spotted bollworm, Thrips, White fly
1200
1411
500-1000
CHLORPYRIFOS 50% EC
Cotton Bollworms 500-600 1000-1200 500-1000 30
CYPERMETHRIN 10% EC
Cotton
Spotted bollworm American bollworm Pink bollworm
50-70 50-70 50-70
550-760 550-760 550-760
150-1000 150-1000 150-1000
7 7 7
CYPERMETHRIN 25% EC
Cotton
Bollworms, Jassids, Thrips
40-70 20-30
160-280 80-120
400-800 200-300
- -
DELTAMETHRIN 11% W/W EC
Cotton Bollworms 12.5 125 400-600 30
DELTAMETHRIN 25% TABLET
Cotton Bollworms 12.5 50 400-600 30
DELTAMETHRIN 1.8% EC
Cotton Bollworms sucking insects
12.5 10.0
781 625
400-600 400-600
30
DIFLUBENZURON 25% WP
Cotton Tobacco Caterpillar, Bollworms
75-87.5 75
300-350 300
500-1000 500-1000
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 5% SG
Cotton Boll worms 9.5-11.0 190-220 500 10
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 1.9% EC
Cotton Boll worms 11.0 580 500 15
ETHION 50% EC
22
Cotton
White fly, Bollworms
750-1000 1000
1500-2000 2000
500-1000 500-1000
- 25
FENPROPATHRIN 10% EC
Cotton Pink boll worm, Spotted boll worm American boll worm
75-100
750-1000
750-1000
14
FENPROPATHRIN 30% EC
Cotton Pink boll worm Spotted boll worm American boll worm White fly
75-100 250-340 750-1000 14
FENVALERATE 0.4% DP
Cotton Spotted Bollworm Pink bollworm
80-100 80-100
20000-25000 20000-25000
- -
7
7
FIPRONIL 5% SC
Cotton Aphid, Jassid, Thrips, White fly Boll worms
75-100 100
1500-2000 2000
500 500
6
7
LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN 4.9% CS
Cotton Bollworms 25.0 500 500 21
LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN 2.5% EC
Cotton Bollworms, Jassids, Thrips
15-25 600-1000 400-600 21
LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN 5% EC
Cotton Bollworms, Jassids, Thrips
15-25 300-500 400-600 21
MONOCROTOPHOS 36% SL
Cotton Bollworms Aphid, Leaf Hopper, Grey weevil, Thrips White fly
450-800 175 175 500 175 150
1125-2250 437 437 1250 437 375
500-1000 500-1000 500-1000 500-1000 500-1000 500-1000
PERMETHRIN 25% EC
23
Cotton
Bollworms,
100-125
400-500
500-1000
-
PYRIDALYL 10% EC
Cotton Bollworms 75-100 750-1000 500-750 7
QUINALPHOS 20% AF
Cotton Bollworms, American bollworm, Pink Bollworm , Spotted bollworm
350-500 1750-2500 750-1000 7
TRIAZOPHOS 40% EC
Cotton
Bollworms (Pink and spotted), whitefly
600-800
1500-2000
500-1000
21
Acephate 50% + Imidacloprid 1.8% SP
Cotton Aphid ,Jassids, Thrips, White flies, Bollworms
518 1000 500 40
Chlorpyrifos 50% + Cypermethrin 5%EC
Cotton Aphid, Jassids, Thrips, Whitefly, Spodoptera litura, Spotted bollworm, Pink Bollworm, American bollworm
500+50 1000 500-1000 15
Chlorpyriphos 16% + Alphacypermethrin 1%
Cotton Spotted bollworm Pink Bollworm , American bollworm
425 2500 500-750 15
Deltamethrin 1% + Trizophos 35%EC
Cotton Spotted Bollworm, Pink Bollworm, American bollworm, White flies
10+350- 12.5+450
1000-1250 600-1000 21
Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC
Cotton Bollworm complex 440-660 1000-1500 500-1000 14
Pyriproxyfen 5% EC + Fenpropathrin 15% EC
Cotton Whitefly, Bollworms 25+75 – 37.5 +112.5
500-750 500-750 14
Chlorantraniliprole 9.3% + Lambda Cyhalothrin 4.6% ZC:
24
Cotton
Bollworms complex 37.5 250 500 20
25
4. INTERVENTIONS AND STRATEGY NEEDED TO REDUCE COST OF CULTIVATION IN FARMING THROUGH BETTER INPUT MANAGEMENT
4.1 Broad Approach 4.1.1 Increase the net income from each unit of farm: Net Income = Gross Return - Cost of cultivation where, Gross Return = Total Produce x Market Price * It may be noted that the per capita Net National Income (NNI) of the citizen
in the country in real terms (at 2011-12 prices) during 2014-15 is estimated at Rs.74,104/-.
** It may also be noted that the Gross Value Added (GVA) at constant (2011-
12) Basic Prices of agriculture & allied sectors (agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing) stood at Rs.15,84,293 crores in 2014-15. This increased to Rs.16,02,036 crores in the year 2015-16.
*** The assumption is that in order to double the farmers‟ income over the
next five years i.e. 2016-17 to 2021-22, the GVA should increase to about three times the GVA at 2015-16. This will take care of the cost of production and result in doubling of the farmers‟ income.
4.1.2 Secure farmers against unpredictable nature of agriculture – insurance cover. Agriculture and allied sectors including crop husbandry, animal husbandry and fishery are biological production activities, and therefore, influenced by nature. The sector is also vulnerable to market fluctuations, particularly now that agricultural market is integrated with global agriculture market. Hence, the need for insurance coverage etc. 4.1.3 Coverage under welfare activities: Since, farmers‟ income is season bound and there are no monthly cash inflows, but expenses are regular, coverage under welfare activities becomes essential.
4.2 Interventions: 4.2.1 Net income will increase if:
(i) Cost of cultivation is reduced (ii) Per unit yields are increased (iii) Farmer realizes higher market returns on his produce
4.3 Specific intervention to realize each of the above 4.3.1 Reduction in cost of cultivation: Factors of production in farming include land, labour, credit inputs like seed, fertilizers, pesticides, water, etc. Currently, major contributors to higher cost of cultivation are fertilizers, pesticides, water and seed,
26
and also non-availability of adequate institutional credit. The Government has begun making improvements in respect of all these aspects and will go ahead with renewed vigour and needed changes over the next 5 years. These are as follows: i. Soil Health Card (SHC): All 14 crore farmers shall be issued Soil Health Card
(SHC) once in every two years and educated about adopting the recommended fertilizer dosages – primary, secondary & micro-nutrients, besides soil amendment. This will help in: regulated fertilizer usage & reduced cost of cultivation; sustained soil health; and higher per unit yields
*Initial impression based reports from the States are highly encouraging. ii. Neem Coated Urea (NCU): Only neem coated urea shall be promoted. Already
brought into effect from 2015-16. The reports from field are positive. The expected saving is 10% of urea consumption, thereby resulting in reduced cost of cultivation.
iii. Better access to irrigation:
(a) The Government has rolled out „Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)‟ which aims at: Creating additional water sources Har Khet Ko Pani – Command Area Development Sustaining ground water & water conservation Water use efficiency – micro irrigation The target under PMKSY over 5 years is 28.7 lakh ha.
(b) Fast tracking languishing irrigation projects: Under AIBP 89 number of ongoing irrigation projects is languishing. The Government will create „Long Term Irrigation Fund‟, of the size of about Rs.20,000 crore and complete all of them over the next five years by spending a sum of Rs.86,500 crore. This will create an additional irrigated area of 80.60 lakh ha. This will increase the area under dependable irrigation from the present 47%.
(c) Convergence of resources: Funds under MGNREGA will also be utilized to
target creation of water sources like farm ponds over the next five years. During 2016-17 it is targeted to sync 5 lakh ponds.
iv. Promotion of Organic farming: in rainfed and hilly areas, per unit yields are lower
than State and national averages. Further, water in these areas being scarce, irrigation and fertilizer based farm technology is not suitable. Hence, Government will promote organic farming, particularly in rained& hilly areas. The schemes already rolled out include:
Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) Value Chain based Organic Project for North-East Region
27
The benefits to the farmers are:
reduced cost of cultivation; higher per unit yields; better soil health management; and higher prices when sold at premium rates after certifying.
v. Increasing cropping intensity: With increased area under irrigation through
PMKSY & fast tracked AIBP, the Government will promote double cropping. Also suitable short duration varieties will be released. This will increase the cropping intensity from the present 135%.
vi. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 4.4 Enhancing per unit yields in agriculture & allied sectors 4.4.1 The current average yields of all major crops in India are lower than global averages. Further, there are sharp inter-state variations. Hence, the approach would be as follows: -
i) Improving per unit yields of pulses, oilseeds and cereals, besides commercial crops. Specific interventions would be: a. Promote pulses & oilseeds under National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
and Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) b. Promote pulses in rice fallows – estimated at 12 million ha largely in
Eastern India. c. BGREI under RKVY to improve crop yields in Eastern India.
ii) Crop diversification iii) Sectoral diversification from crop husbandry to horticultural crops, both in
dryland & under controlled production environments like poly-houses. Under MIDH, even small & marginal farmers are seen to be taking to poly-houses based flower & vegetable cultivation.
iv) Promote Integrated Farming with focus on: Dairying Fishery Bee keeping Poultry etc.
v) Improve per unit yields of milk, poultry, meat etc. through up gradation of
breeds, management practices etc.
4.5 Higher returns on farm produce i) National Agriculture Market: Currently, agricultural marketing in India is
highly inefficient. APMCs have developed monopoly practices and trader cartelization is common.
28
In order to help farmers realize better returns, Government will set up „National Agricultural Market‟. This will be a unified integrated market based on e-auction platform. The scheme will begin with integration at State level and move on to final integration at national level.
The market reforms are expected to improve returns on farm produce by at
least 25%. ii) Minimum Support Price (MSP): Government will continue with scientifically
estimated MSP and support strengthen procurement operations. The focus of procurement will also be on pulses & oilseeds, and incentivize production of these commodities, which are of short supply in India.
iii) Improved storage and transportation infrastructure: This infrastructure is
closely linked to marketing & withholding capacity of the farmer. The Government will improve:
a. Dry storage godowns – Integrated Scheme for Agricultural Marketing
(ISAM) b. Cold Storages and cold chain including reefer. vans under MIDH
iv) Loans linked to storage: Government will provide loans to farmers from
banks and co-operative societies based on storage in both warehouse Godowns & non-warehouse compliant Godowns. States will be provided financial support to undertake such activities. This will solve the problem of distress sale that negatively affects farmers‟ returns.
vi) Promote agro-processing: To add value to the raw produce and also improve shelf-life of the agri commodities.
vii) Promote 100% FDI in retail agriculture sector when procurement & manufacturing are undertaken in India.
4.6 Security to farmers against unpredictable nature of agriculture
i) Crop Insurance: Under Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), Government aims to cover 50% of the farmers over the next 3 years. PMFBY is a farmer-friendly comprehensive crop insurance scheme based on low & uniform premium rate of 1.5%, 2% and 5% for Rabi, Kharif & horticultural / commercial crops respectively.
ii) Unified Insurance Package (UIP): On pilot basis, unified insurance package will be rolled out in 45 districts to cover all risks including life, accidents, crops etc.
iii) Farmer-friendly relief norms: Since natural calamities are always expected,
Government has already liberalized the eligibility norms by decreasing the threshold of crop loss from 50% to 33%. Further, assistance norms have been increased by 50%. It is during times of natural calamity that farmers undergo financial stress. Hence, the Government will support the States under SDRF/NDRF.
29
4.7 Access to credit 4.7.1 One of the most important inputs that a farmer needs is credit. The Government will increase access to institutional credit both by increasing the volume of credit and also better targeting. During 2016-17, the budget provides for a credit level of Rs.9.0 lakh crores. The Government over the last two years has been exceeding the set target. Over the next five years, Government will take care of better credit availability. Also by deploying I.T. platform, Government will ensure better targeting of the farmers. Farmers will be provided subvention based loan, so that credit does not become a burden. Currently, it is available at 4% of interest rate. 4.8 Farmers’ Welfare 4.8.1 To supplement farmers‟ income, particularly during off-season times, farmers will be covered under ongoing welfare activities like pension, health insurance etc.
30
5. ORGANIC FARMING - PROMOTION OF ORGANIC FARMING IN HILLY AREAS TO REALIZE YIELD POTENTIAL ON A SUSTAINABLE BASIS
A. Parampragat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)
5.1 Basic Information 5.1.1 In organic farming system, certain minimum requirements are to be met to fulfil its objectives. Then only the farm is certified as organic. The time between the start of organic management and certification is called conversion period. Crop rotation should be followed if annual crops are grown. Intercropping should be practised when perennial crops are grown. Crop rotation should cover green manure as well as fodder crops. In case of perennial crops, cover crops like Kolinji (Tephrosia purpurea) should be grown to protect the soil. Mono-cropping should be avoided. Species and varieties cultivated should be adapted to soil and climatic condition and resistant to pests and diseases. Seeds/Planting materials should be procured from organic source. If not available, chemically untreated seeds/planting materials can be used one time. 5.1.2 Soil fertility should be maintained/enhanced through raising green manure crops, leguminous crops etc. The residues of plants after harvest should be incorporated into the soil as far as possible. Bio-degradable materials of microbial, plant or animal origin shall be applied as manures. (eg. compost, vermin-compost, farm yard manure, sheep penning etc.) Use of synthetic/chemical fertilizers is not permitted. 5.1.3 Use of synthetic/chemical pesticides, fungicides and weedicides is prohibited. Natural enemies shall be encouraged and protected. (for e.g. raising trees in the farm attracts birds which kills pests of the crops, nest construction etc.) Products collected from the local farm, animals, plants and micro-organisms and prepared at the farm are allowed for control of pests and diseases. (eq. neem seed kernel extract, cow urine spray). Use of genetically engineered organisms and products are prohibited for controlling pests and diseases. Similarly, use of synthetic growth regulators is not permitted. The products that are permitted for control of pest & diseases are neem oil and other neem preparations like neem seed kernel extract, chromatic traps, mechanical traps, pheromone traps, plant based repellents, soft soap and clay.
5.1.4 Processing technologies like solar drying, freeze drying, hot air chambers are permitted. Irradiation of agricultural produce is not permitted. No synthetic additives/days are to be added during processing. The label should convey clear accurate information on the organic status of the product. (i.e. conversion in progress or organic). The labels for organic and conversion in progress products should be distinguishable by different coloured labels. For packing, recycling and reusable materials like clean jute bags, shall be used. Use of bio-degradable materials shall also be used. Unnecessary packaging material should be avoided. Organic and non-organic products shall not be stored and transported together except when labelled.
31
5.2 Ongoing Schemes 5.2.1 Government is committed to promote Organic Farming, with emphasis on sustainable productivity, food security and soil health. Department of Agriculture & Cooperation promotes organic farming through various programmes viz. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH), Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY) and „Network Project on Organic Farming under ICAR‟ (pattern of assistance at Annexure I). However, these efforts have, so far being disjointed due to which we have not yet managed to achieve the outcomes envisioned when these schemes were conceptualized. Therefore, the existing components of organic farming under NMSA have been put together under a programme called „Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojna‟ to develop organic 10,000 clusters and make available chemical free inputs to farmers & increase certified organic area by 5 lakhs acres within a period of 3 years. Every farmer in a cluster will be provided an assistance of Rs. 50,000 per hectare in three years towards conversion to and adoption of organic farming and towards market assistance. 5.2.2 Parampragat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) has following features:
To launch eco-friendly concept of cultivation reducing the dependency on agro-chemicals and fertilizers.
To optimally utilize the locally available natural resources for input production.
To create employment opportunities in both rural as well as urban sector.
To develop potential market for organic products.
To develop the organic village having the cluster of 50 farmers and 50 ha land with a concept of 50:50 for both agriculture and horticulture emphasizing the mixed cropping instead of mono cropping.
To use the available technology under IPM, INM and local indigenous traditional techniques for management of plant nutrition and plant protection.
Promotion of low cost PGS certification system for organic produce.
Promotion of marketing and branding of organic produce through financial assistance for packing, labelling, PGS logo and Hologram.
5.2.3 Under PKVY Organic farming is promoted through cluster approach and Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) of certification. The financial assistance will be given to clusters on different sub components for mobilization of farmers, for organic seeds, to harvest biological nitrogen etc. It includes different components as given below:
Components of the PKVY scheme
Mobilization of farmers: training of farmers and exposure visit by farmers.
Quality control: soil sample analysis, process documentation, inspection of fields of cluster members, residue analysis, certification charges and administrative expenses for certification.
Conversion practices: transition from current practices to organic farming, which includes procurement of organic inputs, organic seeds and traditional organic input production units and biological nitrogen harvest planting etc.
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Integrated manure management: procurement of liquid bio-fertilizer consortia/bio-pesticides, neem cake, phosphate rich organic manure and vermi-compost.
Custom hiring centre charges: to hire agricultural implements as per SMAM guidelines.
Labelling and Packaging assistance & Transport assistance.
Marketing through organic fairs.
B. Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North Eastern Region 5.3 Basic Information 5.3.1 Realizing the potential of organic farming in the North Eastern Region of the country Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare has launched a Central Sector Scheme entitled “Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North Eastern Region” for implementation in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura, during the 2015-16 to 2017-18. The scheme aims at development of certified organic production in a value chain mode to link growers with consumers and to support the development of entire value chain starting from inputs, seeds, certification, to the creation of facilities for collection, aggregation, processing marketing and brand building initiative. 5.3.2 Mission Objectives: To develop crop commodity specific organic value chain and address gaps in organic crop production, wild crop harvesting, organic livestock management and processing handling and marketing of organic agricultural products through:
Developing commodity specific commercial organic value chain under integrated and concentrated approach with end-to-end facilities for production, processing, storage and marketing
Developing NER products as brands/labels through brand building and facilitating stronger marketing access under the ownership of growers‟ organizations/ companies.
Creating state specific lead agency (Organic Commodity Board or Organic Mission) for coordinating, monitoring, supporting and financing the development and operationalization of entire value chain.
Equipping Farmers Interest Group (FIG)/ Farmers Production Companies (FPCs) with collection, aggregation, post harvest process and linking with market facilities.
The component–wise details is given in the Annexure-II. 5.4 Critical Issues
5.4.1 Organic Certification: There are two ways of accreditation and certifying mechanism viz;
Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) is a quality assurance initiative that is locally relevant, emphasize the participation of stakeholders, including producers and consumers and operate outside the frame of third party certification.
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For quality assurance, the country has internationally acclaimed certification process for organic produce in place for export, import and domestic markets. National Programme on Organic Production (NPOP) was launched in the year 2001 under Foreign Trade & Development Act (FTDR). Regulatory body of NPOP under FTDR act is Agricultural and Processed Foods Export Development Authority (APEDA) under Ministry of Commerce. It is referred as Third Party Certification involving an independent agency for verification and certification of organic production processes. For international trade, NPOP system has equivalence with Europe and USA. All the importing countries in South-East Asia, Europe and USA are accepting the NPOP certified products. In case of domestic trade, 80-85% of the NPOP certified produce is consumed within India.
The Bureau of Indian Standards has developed a voluntary domestic standard for organic farming in consultation with ICAR, APEDA, MOA, FSSAI and SAUs. 5.4.2 Assistance for chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers
In order to enhance even the efficacy of chemical fertilisers and for improving crop response to the applied fertilisers, use of organic fertilisers is required. Therefore, for sustained agricultural production, the Integrated Nutrient Management, which envisages soil test based use of chemical fertilisers in conjunction with organic fertilisers (Compost, Farm Yard Manure etc.) is accepted as a good practice and therefore, recommended.
Chemical fertilisers are made available to the farmers for purchase at subsidised prices. Following table shows approximate amount of subsidy given on chemical fertilisers required for crops viz. wheat, paddy and pulses as per the balanced nutrient management.
Name
of Crop General Nutrient Dose(Integrated
Package) (Kg/hectare)
General Chemical Fertilizer Dose + FYM/Compost
(Kg/hectare)
Approx Subsidy on
chemical fertilizers
(Rs/hectare) N P K FYM/
Compost Urea DAP MOP FYM/
Compost
Rice 60 40 30 10000-12000
110 90 50 10000-12000
3300
Wheat 90 60 30 10000-12000
150 130 50 10000-12000
4400
Pulses 10 20 20 2500-3000
25 45 33 2500-3000
1200
As average nutrient (N/P/K) content available in organic manures/fertilisers is about 1%, requirement of organic fertilisers as per recommended doses of nutrients from organic fertilisers alone, is shown below:
Name of Crop Approximate Requirement of FYM/Compost (metric tonnes/hectare)
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Rice 16
Wheat 16
Pulses 3.5
Organic farming is a sustainable form of agricultural production based on the standards notified from time to time. Under organic farming standards, organic fertilisers are recommended to be produced on farm itself through composting of locally available material such as farm waste/cow dung/waste straw etc.
No subsidy is given on prices of organic fertilisers that are marketed such as city compost and vermin-compost etc. The delivered prices of city compost and vermin-compost are about Rs 5500-6000/ metric tonnes (MT) and Rs 7500-8000/tonnes respectively. Besides, compost is bulky in nature as well. In view of above, purchase of organic fertilisers from the market, its transportation to the farms and storage is both costly and a challenge.
Organic manure to the extent of 25-30 tonnes per annum can be produced through vermi-composting of locally available waste in a pit/unit of size 7‟x3‟x1‟. Accordingly, financial assistance @ Rs 5000 per unit is given under Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) scheme of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) for construction of vermin-composting units (size 7‟x3‟x1‟), which includes assistance for procurement of earth worms, preparation of pits, labour charges and other raw materials required etc.
Apart from above, under NMSA, financial assistance @ 50% of cost subject to a limit of Rs 5000/ per hectare and Rs 10000/- per beneficiary is also provided for promotion of organic inputs (manure, vermin-compost, bio-fertiliser, waste compost etc) on farmers‟ fields.
In sum, Organic farming relies on on-farm resource management based on locally available natural resources through creation of on-farm infrastructure facilities for production of organic compost, manure and other botanical bio- pesticides. Hence, agriculture departments of each State Government will have to chalk out their on-farm production plan for organic inputs for ensuring its adequate availability and also promote city compost.
5.4.3 Where should this may be promoted: Organic farming is advantageous particularly for the resource poor small and marginal farmers of rain fed areas where the use of costly chemical fertilizers is lower than national average. To begin with, strategically, organic farming can be focused on the following:
Area expansion: Areas with crops of higher market potential when produced organically,
Areas with already active organic farmers groups, especially small and marginal farmers who are constrained to practice intensive conventional farming. States of Odisha, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka have large areas under rain fed farming with little irrigation support. They can be targeted for conversion to organic farming.
Regions/Areas of high biodiversity and ecologically fragile regions. States of North East Region, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand and Rajasthan are mostly under mono crop and can be focused for conversion to organic farming.
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In addition, to expansion of area under organic farming, introduction of Domestic Organic Standard to cover animal husbandry, food processing, labelling, storage and transport is suggested to provide a boost to organic production.
Other strategies include capacity building of farmers through training and demonstrations, incentives for marketing and branding of organic products, incentives to set up State Certification Bodies and incentives for technology development.
5.5 Critical Issues: 5.5.1 Research and development issues are as under:
Although techniques of cultural and mechanical options are available for weed management, present technologies of weed management are labour intensive. Hence, weed management study should be further strengthened in collaboration with ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur.
Regional level consultation meet with successful organic growers should be organized and their good practices need to be documented and validated.
Staggered N management involving split application of organic manures should be studied at selected locations to match the nutrient release and crop demand.
Farm mechanization techniques especially for small organic farm holders needs to be developed.
Region specific Integrated Organic Farming System (IOFS) models with zero external cost need to be developed for large scale promotion.
Sensitization of SAU‟s Scientists on organic farming is required by organizing a National level dialogue by DAC&FW in collaboration with ICAR.
Capacity building of researchers involved in organic farming especially at international level needs to be looked into.
5.5.2 Location specific cropping systems: Based on research studies in scientific organic management under ICAR-Network Project on Organic Farming, 18 crops responded positively to yield on par or higher under organic systems after the conversion period (2-3 years). Organic management of basmati rice, rice, maize, green gram, chickpea, soybean, cotton, garlic, cauliflower, tomato resulted in yield advantage to the tune of 4 to 14 % over inorganic management. List of location specific cropping systems identified for promotion of organic farming are given in Annexure-III. The scientific Package of Practices (PoPs) for organic production of crops should be adopted for keeping the crop productivity at comparable or higher level and should be advocated through development schemes. Yield reduction (after 8th cycle across the locations) of 5-8 % was observed in wheat, radish, potato etc. In wheat, 7 % reduction in yield was noticed over the years. Hence, organic farming should not be initiated with exhaustive crops especially in winter in the input intensive areas. However under rain fed conditions, wheat yield was comparable.
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ANNEXURE-I
PATTERN OF ASSISTANCE FOR PROMOTION OF ORGANIC FARMING
Component Pattern of assistance
NMSA
1. Setting up of mechanized Fruit/Vegetable market waste/ Agro waste compost production unit.
100% Assistance to State Govt/Govt. Agencies upto a maximum limit of Rs. 190.00 lakh /unit and 33% of cost limited to Rs.63 lakh/unit for individuals/ private agencies through NABARD as capital investment for 3000 TPA production capacity
2.Setting up of State of art liquid/ carrier based Bio-fertilizer/ Bio-pesticide units
100% Assistance to State Govt/Govt. Agencies upto a maximum limit of Rs.160.00 lakh /unit and 25% of cost limited to Rs.40 lakh/unit for individuals/ private agencies through NABARD as capital investment of 200 TPA production capacity
3. Setting up of Bio-fertilizer and Organic fertilizer testing Quality Control Laboratory (BOQCL) or Strengthening of existing Laboratory under FCO.
Assistance up to maximum limit of Rs. 85 lakh for new laboratory and up to a maximum limit of Rs. 45 lakh for strengthening of existing infrastructure to State Government Laboratory under Agriculture or Horticulture Department.
4. Promotion of Organic Inputs on farmer‟s field (Manure, Vermi-compost, Bio-Fertilizers Liquid / solid, Waste compost, Herbal extracts etc.)
50 % of cost subject to a limit of Rs. 5000/- per ha and Rs. 10,000 per beneficiary. Propose to cover 1 million ha area.
5. Adoption of organic farming through cluster approach under Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) certification.
14.95 lakhs per cluster for three years.
6.Support to research for development of organic package of practices specific to state and cropping system
Against specific proposal
7..Setting up of separate Organic Agriculture Research and Teaching Department
Against specific proposal
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RKVY: Under RKVY, State Governments have flexibility and autonomy in the process of selection, planning, approval and execution of schemes including Organic Farming, as per their priorities. Accordingly, cost of projects under Organic Farming is approved by respective State Level Sanctioning Committees. ICAR: ICAR Research Centres are involved in developing Package of Practices for different crops and cropping system under Organic Farming in different agro-eco regions of country. NPOP: NPOP was notified under Foreign Trade Development & Regulation Act (FTDR) in year 2001, primarily for regulation and certification of organic commodities meant for export. It provides institutional mechanism for the implementation of National Standards for Organic Production, through a National Accreditation Policy and Programme. It covers crop production, animal husbandry, food processing, labelling, storage and transport. NMOOP: Financial assistance is being provided for different type of components including bio-fertilisers i.e Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV), Supply of Rhyzobium culture/Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria (PSB)/ Zinc Solubilising Bacreria (ZSB)/ Azatobacter/ Mycorrhiza and vermi compost @ Rs.300 per hectare. Financial assistance will be provided for insecticides, fungicides, bio-pesticides, weedicides, Bio-agents, micronutrients, bio-fertilizers etc @ 50% of the cost limited to Rs.500/-ha.
MIDH
1. Adoption of Organic Farming.
50% of cost limited to Rs. 10000/ha for a maximum area of 4 ha. per beneficiary, spread over a period of 3 years involving assistance of Rs.4000/- in first year and Rs.3000/- each in second & third year. The programme to be linked with certification.
2. Organic Certification
Rs. 5 lakh for a cluster of 50 ha which will include Rs. 1.50 lakh in first year, Rs. 1.50 lakh in second year and Rs. 2.00 lakh in third year.
3. Vermi compost Units/organic input production)
50% of cost conforming to the size of the unit of 30‟X8‟X2.5‟ dimension of permanent structure to be administered on pro-rata basis. For HDPE vermi-bed, 50% of cost conforming to the size of 96 cft (12‟X4‟X2‟) and IS 15907:2010 to be administered on pro-rata basis (Rs. 100,000/ unit for permanent structure and Rs. 16,000/unit for HDPE vermi-bed).
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ANNEXURE –II Essential scheme components for value chain development with the final aim
to develop commercial organic farming clusters with end-to-end facilitates from production to processing, marketing and finally delivering to the
customer
S. No.
Component Rate (Rs.)
A. A. Value chain Production A1. Development of Organic Production Clusters
A.1.1. Clusters development and formation of Farmer producer Companies, as per SFAC norms. For 100 FPCs each comprising of 500 farmers @ Rs. 20.375 lakh/FPC
4075/- per farmer.
A.1.2 Assistance for on-farm input production infrastructure (@ Rs 3750/ha) and off-farm inputs (@ Rs 3750/ha)
7500/ ha x2 =15000/ha
A.1.3 Assistance for quality seed and planting material (50% of maximum Rs. 35000/ha limited to the actual cost as per crop)
17500 per ha
A.2 Support for extension services, input facilitation, training handholding and certification
A.2.1 Assistance for setting up of input delivery, distribution and agri-machinary custom hiring centre through state lead agencies
10 lakh/ FPO
A.2.2 Support and extension services for training, handholding and certification at production stage
A.2.2.1
Training, hand holding, documentation and certification of crop production through service providers (As per MIDH)
10,000/- per ha
B. Value Chain processing (For FPC and private entrepreneur through Bank credit linked)
B1. Value Chain Post harvest - Setting up of collection, aggregation, grading facilities
B.1.1 Setting up of functional infrastructure for collection, aggregation and grading units @ Rs. 15 lakh (75% subsidy)
11.25lakh
B2. Setting up of value addition and processing units including packaging, storage and transportation
B.2.1 Financial assistance for setting up of integrated processing units With TFO of Rs. 800 lakh or more limited to75% to FPCs and 50% to private as credit linked back ended subsidy
600.00 lakh
B.3 Value chain packaging, storage and transportation
B.3.1 Integrated pack house 75% subsidy to FPCs on TFO of Rs. 50 lakh or more and 50% to private limited to Rs. 37.50 lakh
37.50 lakh
B.3.2 Transportation/ 4 wheeler up to TFO of Rs. 12lakh (50%) 6.00 lakh/ FPC. Need based
B.3.3.1
Refrigerated transport vehicle up to TFO of Rs. 25 lakh (75% subsidy to FPC and 50% to private)
18.75 lakh
B.3.3.2
Pre-cooling/ cold stores/ ripening chambers. FPOs 18.75 lakh
C. Value chain Marketing – Branding, labelling, certification, quality control, retail outlets, awareness and publicity through lead agencies
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C.1 Branding, labelling, packaging, publicity and certification of processing units etc (LS)
As per proposal, Need to be ascertained
C.2 Seminars/ conferences, workshops, Buyer-seller meets, Auction meetings, festivals.
As per proposal, Need to be ascertained
C.3 Consumer awareness Information dissemination through publicity, printed literature films and local advertisements
As per proposal, Need to be ascertained
C.4 Hiring of space in prime markets As per project proposal
D. Value Chain Support Agencies
D1. Setting up of Lead agency/Organic Commodity Board/ Organic Mission for scheme implementation and market facilitation. To be set up at state level
D.1.1 Staff, Manpower, Travel and contingencies, Institutional strengthening and hire/ purchase of machinery and equipments
5% of total scheme budget
D.1.2 Setting up of organic certification bodies. One time assistance will be provided for hiring consultants for preparation of operating manuals, training and exposure of manpower and facilitating institutional set up. Cost of manpower to be borne by the state.
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ANNEXURE-III
STATE SPECIFIC CROPPING SYSTEMS IDENTIFIED FOR PROMOTION UNDER ORGANIC FARMING
State Cropping system
Chhattisgarh Soybean-chickpea
Soybean-onion
Rice-chickpea
Himachal Pradesh Maize - Garlic
Cauliflower - Pea -Tomato
Coriander - Pea -Tomato
Jharkhand Rice (Basmati type)- durum wheat
Rice (Basmati type)-linseed
Karnataka Groundnut-sorghum
Groundnut + cotton
Green-gram-sorghum
Soybean-durum wheat
Kerala Turmeric
Ginger
Black pepper
Madhya Pradesh Soybean-durum Wheat
Soybean-Chickpea
Soybean-Linseed
Maharashtra
Rice-groundnut
Rice-Dolichos bean
Rice-cucumber
Rice-red pumpkin
Meghalaya Rice-Carrot (Raised beds in lowland)
Rice-Tomato (Raised beds in lowland)
Maize + soybean- French bean (Upland)
Punjab Maize-potato-summer moong
Turmeric-onion
Basmati rice- durum wheat-green manure (Sesbania)
Basmati rice-durum wheat-summer moong
Rajasthan Maize + blackgram (2:2)-durum wheat
Clusterbean- chickpea + mustard (6:1)
Soybean-coriander
Sesame-cumin
Maize + blackgram (2:2)-fenugreek
Sikkim Maize + beans-vegetable pea (Rainfed)
Maize + beans-Rajmash (Rainfed)
Maize (green cobs)-buckwheat (Rainfed)
Maize + beans –toria (Rainfed)
Rice-Vegetable pea-Maize (green cobs) (Irrigated)
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Rice-Fenugreek (leafy vegetable)-Baby corn (Irrigated)
Rice-Vegetable pea (Irrigated)
Tamil Nadu Cotton-maize-green manure (sesbania)
Beetroot-maize- green manure (sesbania)
Uttar Pradesh Basmati rice – durum wheat - Sesbania green manure
Coarse rice– barley + mustard – greengram
Maize (green cobs) – mustard + radish - Sesbania green manure
Uttarakhand Basmati rice- durum wheat-Sesbania
Basmati rice- Vegetable pea-Sesbania
Basmati rice- Brassica napus –Sesbania
Basmati rice- Chickpea –Sesbania (under biodynamic practices)
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6. EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF CROP INSURANCE SCHEME TO ACHIEVE MAXIMUM COVERAGE OF THE FARMERS OVER KHARIF 2016
6.1 Basic Information 6.1.1 In order to protect farmers against crop failure due to natural calamities, pests & diseases, weather conditions, Government of India had introduced the National Crop Insurance Programme (NCIP) with component schemes of Modified National Agricultural Scheme (MNAIS), Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) and Coconut Palm Insurance Scheme (CPIS). In addition, National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) which was to be withdrawn after implementation of NCIP from Rabi 2013-14 has been extended further upto 2015-16.
6.1.2 The existing crop insurance schemes have recently been reviewed in consultation with various stakeholders including States/UTs. As a result of the review, a new scheme “Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) has been approved for implementation from Kharif 2016 along with pilot Unified Package Insurance Scheme (UPIS) and restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS). Under the PMFBY, a uniform maximum premium of only 2% will be paid by farmers for all Kharif crops and 1.5% for all Rabi crops. In case of annual commercial and horticultural crops, the maximum premium to be paid by farmers will be only 5%. The premium rates to be paid by farmers are very low and balance premium will be paid by the Government to provide full insured amount to the farmers against crop loss on account of natural calamities. 6.2 Ongoing Schemes 6.2.1 Keeping in view the risks involved in agriculture and to insure the farming community against various risks, Ministry of agriculture introduced a crop insurance scheme in 1985 and thereafter brought improvements in the erstwhile scheme(s) from time to time based on the experience gained and views of the stakeholders, States, farming community etc. To enlarge the coverage in terms of farmers, crops and risks, National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) was notified/ implemented with effect from 1999. To make the crop insurance schemes more farmers‟ friendly, a re-structured Central Sector crop insurance scheme namely, “National Crop Insurance Programme (NCIP)” has been approved by merging Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS), Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) and Coconut Palm Insurance Scheme (CPIS) (as its components) with some improvements for full-fledged implementation from Rabi 2013-14 season throughout the country. National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) was to be discontinued after implementation of NCIP from Rabi 2013-14 season. However, on the representations and at the option of States, NAIS has been allowed in few States for the year 2015-16. 6.2.2 The scheme is optional for State Governments and they can notify crops and areas according to provisions of schemes. The components under the scheme are being implemented in the country on „Area Approach‟ basis where yield of notified areas under MNAIS and weather data of notified Reference Automatic Weather
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Stations (AWSs) under WBCIS are taken as one unit for assessment/ payment of claims for widespread calamities. However, claims are also being paid on the basis of losses at individual farms due to localized calamities like hailstorm and landslides under MNAIS and hailstorm & Cloudburst under WBCIS as add-on/ index-plus coverage. The penetration/ coverage of these schemes in terms of number of farmers have reached about 23% of the total number of land-holdings in the country. 6.2.3 The coverage of farmers under NCIP by the terminal year of 12th Plan (i.e. 2016-17) was projected at 50% with help of improvements/ changes made in NCIP component schemes of MNAIS, WBCIS and CPIS. The salient features of the NICP are listed below:- i) Implementation is made compulsory for loanee farmers. ii) Two indemnity levels of 80% and 90% would be available; instead of three i.e.
70%, 80% and 90% under MNAIS. iii) Under WBCIS, provision for add-on/ index plus products for horticultural crops
for compensating losses due to perils of hailstorm, cloudburst etc. iv) For successful implementation of WBCIS, 5000 AWS will be set-up in the
country through the model of Private Public Participation (PPP). v) Pilots for use of modern technology (RST)/ Satellite imageries to supplement
the yield assessment through crop cutting experiments (CCE). vi) Insurance eligibility condition of having at least 10 healthy palms by farmer
has been reduced to 5 palms under CPIS. vii) Increased Sum Insured under CPIS. viii) Loss intimation time has been increased from 7 days to 15 days under CPIS. 6.2.4 The total funds released by Government of India under various schemes for crop insurance are as under:
(Rs. crore)
Plan/ Year NAIS (since Rabi 1999-2000)
WBCIS (since Kharif 2007)
MNAIS (since Rabi 2010-11)
CPIS (since 2009-10)
Total
IX Plan (1997-2002)
811.49 - - - 811.49
X Plan (2002-07) 2626.84 - - - 2626.84
XI Plan (2007-12)
5851.88 1370.37 87.15 1.95 7311.35
XII Plan (2012-17)
2012-13 700.00 655.00 194.18 0.50 1549.68
2013-14 1600.00 700.00 251.02 0.50 2551.52
2014-15 1543.56 470.00 584.79 Nil 2598.35
2015-16* 1935.71 630.79 413.88 2980.39
* as on 31.03.2016 6.2.5 Rs.2823.00 crore and Rs.3185.09 crore have been allocated in the Budget Estimates and Revised Estimates for 2015-16 respectively for all existing crop insurance schemes (viz NAIS, MNAIS, WBCIS and CPIS).
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6.2.6 During the last 33 crop seasons (i.e from Rabi 1999-2000 to Kharif 2015), 3536 lakh farmers were covered over an area of 4953 lakh hectares insuring a sum amounting to Rs.606674 crore. Total premium of Rs. 28945 crore were collected against the claims of Rs. 52922 crore benefiting 1212 lakh farmers. 6.2.7 National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) 6.2.7.1 With a view to provide financial support to farmers in the event of loss/ failure of any of the notified crop in the notified areas as a result of natural calamities (flood, drought etc), pests and diseases, National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) with introduced in the country from Rabi 1999-2000 season in place of erstwhile Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme (CCIS). NAIS was to be discontinued after implementation of National Crop Insurance Programme (NCIP) from Rabi 2013-14 season. However, on the representations from States, NAIS has been allowed to continue upto 2015-16. The scheme is available to all the farmers (loanee and non-loanee) irrespective of their size of land-holding. Loanee farmers are covered on compulsory basis in a notified area for notified crops whereas for non-loanee farmers, the scheme is voluntary. 6.2.7.2 The scheme covers all the food crops (cereals, millets and pulses), oilseeds and annual commercial/ horticultural crops, in respect of which past yield data is available for adequate number of years. The administered premium rates are charged which range from 1.5% to 3.5% of the sum insured for food and oilseed crops for normal sum insured and indemnity level. In the case of commercial/ horticultural crops, higher sum insured and indemnity than the normal, actuarial rates are charged. Under the scheme, 10% subsidy in premium is available to small and marginal farmers. 6.2.7.3 Financial liability towards claims over and above 100% of premium collected in case of Food Crops and Oilseeds, Bank Service charges and 20% of Administrative and office expenses are to be borne by the Government and are shared on 50: 50 bases by the Central Government and the State Governments. All claims in case of annual horticultural/ commercial crops and higher sum insured and indemnity than the normal under food and oilseed crops are paid by the implementing agency. 6.2.7.4 The scheme is optional for States/Union Territories (UTs). The scheme is implemented by 25 States and 2 UTs in one or more seasons. The scheme is demand-driven. However, the progress of the scheme can be measured in terms of farmers/ area covered, sum insured, premium collected, claims paid and farmers benefited. State-wise details of farmers covered, area covered, and sum insured etc under NAIS since its inception i.e. Rabi 1999-2000 to Kharif 2015 are given as under: 6.2.8 Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS) 6.2.8.1 The scheme is implemented as a full-fledged component of NCIP from Rabi 2013-14. The major improved provisions/ features of MNAIS are as under:
Reduction in unit area of insurance to village/ village panchayat,
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Actuarial premium rates for insuring crops and hence, liability of claims is on insurance company,
Private insurance companies have also been involved for implementation to provide competitive service to the farmers.
Higher subsidy in premium ranging upto 75% to all farmers,
Sum Insured for the premium above the prescribed cap, is reduced proportionately,
More proficient basis for calculation of threshold yield (average yield of last 7 years excluding upto two years of declared natural calamity).
Higher minimum indemnity level of 70% instead of 60% in NAIS,
Indemnity amount for prevented sowing/planting risks and for post harvest losses due to cyclones.
On account payment upto 25% of likely claims as advance for providing immediate relief to farmers during adverse season,
An individual assessment of claims in case of specified localized calamity viz. hailstorm, landslide,
Uniform seasonality norms for both loanee & non loanee farmers,
6.2.9 Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) 6.2.9.1 With the objective to bring more farmers under the fold of crop insurance and to overcome the shortcoming regarding delay in settlement of claims etc under NAIS, a pilot Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) was launched in 20 States (as announced in the Union Budget 2007-08). WBCIS is implemented as a full-fledged component scheme of NCIP from Rabi 2013-14 season. WBCIS intends to provide insurance protection to the farmers against adverse weather incidence, such as deficit and excess rainfall, high or low temperature, humidity etc. which are deemed to impact adversely the crop production. It has the advantage to settle the claims within shortest possible time. Under WBCIS, actuarial rates of premium are charged. However, to make the scheme affordable to farmers, subsidy upto 50% of the premium is provided by the Government which is shared by the Centre and State concerned on 50: 50 basis. Actuarial rates of premium are capped at 10% during Kharif and 8% during Rabi for food crops and oilseeds. For annual commercial/ horticultural crops, cap of 12% on actuarial rates of premium is applicable. In case the actuarial premium is more than the prescribed capped rate, then actual Sum Insured & resultant claims, if any, were also reduced proportionately. Both loanee and non-loanee farmers are covered under WBCIS irrespective of size of their land-holding. Like NAIS, the loanee farmers are covered on compulsory basis in a notified area for notified crops whereas for non-loanee farmers, scheme is voluntary. Further, to provide competitive service to the farmers, private insurance companies have been involved for implementation besides the Agriculture Insurance Company of India Ltd. 6.2.10 Coconut Palm Insurance Scheme (CPIS) 6.2.10.1 The Coconut Palm Insurance Scheme (CPIS) is implemented since the year 2009-10 in the selected areas of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Now, the scheme is implemented as a full-fledged component scheme of NCIP from Rabi 2013-14
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season in all coconut growing States. The scheme is administered by Coconut Development Board. Insurance coverage is extended to the total loss of the individual palm in the age group of 4 to 60 years for dwarf and hybrid and 7 to 60 years for tall variety, leading to either death of palm or the palm becoming useless due to various natural and other perils. The farmers should have at least 5 healthy nut bearing palms in the age group of 4 to 60 years in contiguous area/ plot and should have been enrolled by State Agriculture/ Horticulture Department or Coconut Development Board or any other such agency under rehabilitation/ development/ expansion scheme. The Sum Insured is based on the average input cost of the plantation and the age of the specific plant. The Sum Insured varies from Rs. 900 per palm (in the age group of 4-15 years) to Rs. 1725 per palm (in the age group of 16-60 years). The premium rate per palm ranges from Rs. 9.00 (in the age group of 4 to 15 years) to Rs. 14.00 (in the age group of 16 to 60 years) and it varies on sum insured per year, considering the age of specific palm. Fifty per cent of premium is contributed by GOI; 25% by the concerned State Government and the remaining 25% by the farmer. The Insurance Company i.e. Agriculture Insurance Company (AIC) of India Ltd. is the implementing agency of the scheme. The CPIS is being administered/ implemented by the Coconut Development Board (CDB). 6.2.11 Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) 6.2.11.1 The existing crop insurance schemes have recently been reviewed in consultation with various stakeholders including States/UTs. As a result of the review, a new scheme “Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) has been approved for implementation from Kharif 2016 along with pilot Unified Package Insurance Scheme (UPIS) and restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS). Under the PMFBY, a uniform maximum premium of only 2% will be paid by farmers for all Kharif crops and 1.5% for all Rabi crops. In case of annual commercial and horticultural crops, the maximum premium to be paid by farmers will be only 5%. The premium rates to be paid by farmers are very low and balance premium will be paid by the Government to provide full insured amount to the farmers against crop loss on account of natural calamities. There is no upper limit on Government subsidy. 6.2.11.2 Earlier, there was a provision of capping the premium rate which resulted in low claims being paid to farmers. This capping was done to limit Government outgo on the premium subsidy. This capping has now been removed and farmers will get claim against full sum insured without any reduction. The use of technology will be encouraged to a great extent. Smart phones will be used to capture and upload data of crop cutting experiments to reduce the delays in claim payment to farmers. Remote sensing will be used to reduce the number of crop cutting experiments. The salient features of the new Crop Insurance schemes are as under: 6.3 Critical issues 6.3.1 The coverage of farmers under NCIP by the terminal year of 12th Plan (i.e. 2016-17) was projected at 50% with help of improvements/ changes made in NCIP component schemes of MNAIS, WBCIS and CPIS. The salient features of the NICP are listed below:
47
i) Implementation is made compulsory for loanee farmers. ii) Two indemnity levels of 80% and 90% would be available; instead of three i.e.
70%, 80% and 90% under MNAIS. iii) Under WBCIS, provision for add-on/ index plus products for horticultural crops
for compensating losses due to perils of hailstorm, cloudburst etc. iv) For successful implementation of WBCIS, 5000 AWS will be set-up in the
country through the model of Private Public Participation (PPP). v) Pilots for use of modern technology (RST)/ Satellite imageries to supplement
the yield assessment through crop cutting experiments (CCE). vi) Insurance eligibility condition of having at least 10 healthy palms by farmer
has been reduced to 5 palms under CPIS. vii) Increased Sum Insured under CPIS. viii) Loss intimation time has been increased from 7 days to 15 days under CPIS.
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DOMAIN - II: HORTICULTURE
7. TECHNOLOGY BASED GROWTH OF HORTICULTURE TO
ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION
7.1 Basic Information
7.1.1 India has thus emerged as the largest producer of coconut, arecanut, cashew,
ginger, turmeric, black pepper and tea, and the second largest producer of fruits and
vegetables. Among the new crops, kiwi, olive crops and oil palm have been
successfully introduced for commercial cultivation in the country. The horticulture
sector contributes about 30% to the agriculture GDP from about 8% of the area.
7.1.2 India is currently producing about 277.7 million tonnes of horticulture produce
and horticulture production has surpassed the food grain production in the country,
that too from much less area (23 mills. Ha against 125 mill. ha.). It has been proven
beyond doubt that productivity of horticulture crops is much higher compared to
productivity of food grains (11.96 tonnes/ha against 2 tonnes/ha.).Productivity of
horticultural crops has increased by about 32% between 2004-05 and 2014-15. The
special thrust given to the sector, especially after the introduction of the Horticulture
Mission for North East & Himalayan States (HMNEH) and the National Horticulture
Mission (NHM) in the XI Plan has borne positive results. Given the increasing
pressure on land, the focus of growth strategy has been on raising productivity by
supporting high density plantations, protected cultivation, micro irrigation, quality
planting material, rejuvenation of senile orchards and thrust on post harvest
management, and marketing of produce for better price realization.
7.1.3 India‟s Horticulture Scenario:
• 23 million hectares (only 16% of arable land)
• Only 1% of irrigated land in horticulture
• 282.5 million tons in 2015-16 (estimated)
• 2nd largest Producer of Fruits & Vegetables
• 38% contribution to Gross Net Value of Agriculture
• 45% increase in per capita fruit & vegetable availability
• Exports increased by 315% in 10 years
• Production increased from 167 million tons in 2004-05 to 281 million tons in
2014-15.
• Area increased from 18.7 million ha in 2005-06 to 23.4 million ha in 2014-15.
• Per capita availability of fruits & vegetables has increased from 397
grams/day in 2004-05 to 575.7 grams / day in 2014-15
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• Productivity of fruits and vegetables increased by more than 40% and 17%
respectively between 2004-05 and 2014-15
7.1.4 Fruits: With a production of 86.3 million tonnes, fruits accounts for about 31
per cent of the total production of horticulture crops. The area under fruit crops
during 2014-15 was 6.2 million ha, which is about 27 per cent of area under
horticulture in India. The area under fruit crops has increased from 5.0 million ha in
2004-05 to 6.2 million ha in 2014-15 with corresponding increase in production from
50.9 to 86.3 million tonnes. India accounts for about 13 percent of the total world
production of fruits and leads the world in the production of mango, banana, papaya,
sapota, pomegranate, acid lime and aonla.
7.1.5 Vegetables: Vegetables occupied an area of 9.5 million ha during 2014-15
with a total production of 167 million tonnes having average productivity of 17.6
tonnes/ha. Vegetable production registered a quantum jump of 66 per cent between
2001-02 and 2014-15. The area under vegetable crops has increased from 6.7
million ha in 2004-05 to 9.5 million ha in 2014-15 with corresponding increase in
production from 101.2 to 167.1 million tonnes and productivity increases 15.1 mt/ha
to 17.6 mt/ha. 2004-05 to 2014-15.
7.1.6 Spices: A wide variety of spices like black pepper, chillies, ginger, turmeric,
garlic, cardamom and a variety of tree and seed spices is being produced in India
and India is the largest producer and exporter of spice in the world. Major spice
producing states are Gujarat (18%), Andhra Pradesh (13%), Rajasthan (11%)
Telangana (10%), Madhya Pradesh (8%) and Karnataka (6%). The spice production
in India is currently estimated at 5.7 million tonnes from an area of about 3.2 million
ha. The production of spices in the country has registered a substantial increase
over the last nine years. Chilli is the major spice crop contributing 25% of total spice
production in the country. Garlic accounts for 23% share in production, while
turmeric accounts for 15% and ginger (12%) share in production.
7.1.7 Plantation Crops: The leading plantation crops being grown in India are
coconut, cashewnut, arecanut and cocoa, which are mainly grown on the fields of
small and marginal farmers. The total production of plantation crops during 2014-15
has been 15.6 million tonnes from an area of 3.5 million ha. Coconut accounts for
the major share of the production of plantation crops, followed by cashewnut and
arecanut. Major plantation crops producing states are Karnataka (26%), Tamil Nadu
(31%), Kerala (23%) and Andhra Pradesh (8%) which together contributes about
88% of total production.
7.2 Ongoing Schemes
7.2.1 Horticulture Mission for North East Hills (HMNEH): was launched in the year
2001-02 as the Technology Mission for the North East to harness the potential of
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horticulture in the region. The mission was so successful that it was extended to the
three Himalayan states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and J&K as well in 2003-
04. A National Horticulture Mission was launched in 2005-06 as a Centrally
Sponsored Scheme to promote holistic growth of the horticulture sector through an
area based regionally differentiated strategies.
7.2.2 Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture: The scheme has been
subsumed as a part of Mission for Integration Development of Horticulture (MIDH)
during 2014-15. MIDH is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme meant for the holistic
growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, root & tuber crops,
mushrooms, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, coconut, cashew, cocoa. Scheme is
being implemented by State Horticulture Mission (SHM) in selected districts of 19
States and four union territories. Government of India (GOI) contributes 60% of total
outlay for developmental programmes in all the States except the States in North
East and Himalayas and 40% share is contributed by State Governments. In the
case of North Eastern States and Himalayan States, GOI contribution is 90%.
7.2.3 The Mission envisages an end-to-end approach covering production, post
harvest management, processing and marketing to assure appropriate returns to
growers and producers; promote R&D technologies for production, post harvest
management and processing; enhance acreage, coverage, and productivity in
potential belts and clusters; adopt a coordinated approach and promote
partnerships, convergence and synergy among R&D, processing and marketing
agencies in public as well as private sectors at all levels.
7.2.4 MIDH has the following sub-schemes and area of operation:
S.N. Sub Scheme Target group / area of operation
1 NHB All states & UTs focusing on commercial
horticulture
2 NBM All states & UTs
3 CDB All States and UTs where coconut is grown.
4 CIH NE states, focusing on HRD and capacity
building.
7.3 National Mission on Micro Irrigation: Based on the recommendations of the Task
Force on Micro Irrigation, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Micro Irrigation was
launched during the year 2005-06 for promoting efficient methods of irrigation like
drip and sprinkler irrigation. Since 2010-11, the Scheme has been modified as
National Mission on Micro Irrigation (NMMI). The Mission envisages 40% subsidy for
general farmers and 50% subsidy for small and marginal farmers. The pattern of
assistance to the State Government is 90:10 in the case of Small & marginal farmers
and 80:20 in the case of general farmers. The small and marginal farmers are
51
eligible for a subsidy of 60% of the cost while general farmers are eligible for a
subsidy of 50% of the cost of the micro irrigation system.
7.3.1 MIDH will work closely with National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture
(NMSA) towards development of Micro-Irrigation for all horticulture crops and
protected cultivation on farmers‟ field. MIDH will also provide technical advice and
administrative support to State Governments/ State Horticulture Missions (SHMs) for
the Saffron Mission and other horticulture related activities like Vegetable Initiative
for Urban Clusters (VIUC), funded by Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)/NMSA.
7.4 Critical Issues:
• Low productivity and poor quality of the product.
• Inadequate availability of quality seed and planting material of elite cultivars
and rootstocks.
• Large scale prevalence of old and senile orchards.
• Poor tree canopy
• Majority of the orchards are having low planting density.
• Rain fed horticulture
• Slow pace in adoption of improved technologies.
• Inadequate infrastructure facilities for post harvest management.
• Inadequate efforts for crop diversification.
• Lack of adequate trained manpower.
7.4.1 The Mission will focus primarily on increasing both production and productivity
through adoption of improved and appropriate technologies for ensuring quality,
including genetic upgradation of all horticultural crops and addressing challenges of
climate change. Special emphasis will also be given for adoption of area based
cluster approach towards developing regionally differentiated crops, which are agro-
climatically most suitable for the State/region. Cluster approach will also help in
aggregation of farmers into FPOs/FPCs. Availability of good quality planting material
will receive focused attention. Efforts will also be made to establish and upgrade
nurseries and TC Units. This will be supplemented through plantation development
programmes through addition of new areas under improved varieties to meet market
demand.
7.4.2 Technology driven programmes to improve productivity and quality:
Production and supply of quality planting material continue to be a high priority area
for horticulture development. In this context, special emphasis is being laid for
establishment of Hi-tech nurseries having provision for mother /scion blocks of
improved varieties, good quality rootstock banks and hi-tech green house. Besides,
panting material will be channelized through accredited nurseries.
Area expansion programme has been linked to availability of quality planting
material through accredited nurseries and Tissue Culture units. Importance
52
will be given for covering more area under F1 vegetable hybrids and export
oriented varieties of ginger, turmeric & chillies.
High density planting and tree canopy management of orchards, right from
establishment stage, is being given focus to derive better yield. Bee-keeping
for crop pollination and Mechanization for technology support.
Besides, an integrated approach is being encouraged for taking up drip
irrigation / mulching and other support systems required for cultivation of fruit
and plantation crops.
Rejuvenation of old and unproductive orchards continue to be a focus area for
enhancing productivity, profitability and sustainability.
Major thrust is on protected cultivation, particularly of high value crops, in
green house, shade net house, plastic mulching etc.
Creation of infrastructure for post harvest managements and value addition
also continue to be a high priority area with focus on creating cold chain
networks.
Setting up of markets infrastructure has been linked with reforms in APMC Act,
for permitting direct marketing of horticulture produce.
Mobilization of farmers into producer groups/organizations is another priority
area aimed at strengthening their negotiating power, besides functioning as
viable farmer groups involved in production and marketing of horticulture
produce.
Human resource development is being given thrust for capacity building of
farmers, horticulture entrepreneurs / supervisors and field functionaries.
7.5. Other related Subject Matter
7.5.1 Technologies interventions to double the production and income of farmers
7.5.2 Hybrid technology for high productivity and quality: The hybrid technology has
capacity to revolutionize the production of vegetable crops and demand for hybrid
seeds is continuously increasing. Hybrids of tomato, chilli, cucumber and muskmelon
are being produced at several locations in the country. ICAR has so far
recommended the cultivation of more than 45 hybrids. Besides, many hybrids of
vegetable crops, developed and marketed by the private sector are also available to
the farmers. At present, the area under vegetable hybrids accounts for 10% of the
total area. Area under high yielding F 1 hybrids in important vegetable crops have
been developed in tomato, cabbage and brinjal and the area under hybrid capsicum
and chilli is on the increase. High production, earliness, superior quality, uniform
produce and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress are the main advantages of F 1
hybrids. Adoption of hybrid varieties can increase 2-3 times more yield.
7.5.3 Rootstocks for production and profitability: Appropriately selected rootstocks
have potential to modify the architecture of plants for efficient utilization of resources.
53
It can ameliorate the soil, enhance nutrient and water use. Therefore, rootstocks
have become integrated in the production system of grapes, citrus, apple and many
fruit crops for successful production. Citrus rootstock, Rangpur lime can adapt to
water stress, calcareous soils and resist Phytophthora. The use of rootstock in grape
cultivation has gained popularity, and almost all newer vineyards are being planted
on stress tolerant rootstocks only. The popular rootstocks for grape are Dog ridge B-
2/56 and 110R, which can sustain abiotic stresses like drought and soil salinity and
provides vigour of vine needed for production. In sapota, Khirni (Maninkar hexandra)
has proved drought tolerant and productive in marginal soil. Root stock technology
has capacity to double the production and even make it possible to grow fruit crops
under stress conditions with drought hardy root stocks.
7.5.4 Quality planting material and seed technology: There have been technological
changes in seed production, techniques for production of hybrid seeds, using of
cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS), technologies for vegetative methods of
propagation, now in vitro propagation technologies, and a success story in banana,
potato and citrus. Knowledge has also improved about the diseases being
transmitted through the vegetative propagation chain, and now diagnostic
technologies are available for early detection. Enabling policies have also facilitated
the availability of the best materials to the farmers. However, seed chains addressing
the production of nucleus, foundation and certified seeds area weak and supported
under National Horticulture Mission. Management of quality and health of plants
needs up gradation, in order to ensure quality seeds and healthy planting material.
Therefore, it is essential that the dynamics of technologies and policies are analysed
in perspective to address the challenges of the future, because appropriate seeds
and planting material hold the key to success in horticulture.
7.5.5 Diagnostics for health management: Various diagnostic methods for instance
ELISA, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), multiplex PCR, Real Time PCR are
available for different viruses, bacteria and fungi. PCR-based diagnostic protocol has
been developed for rapid detection of viruses and Phytophthora in citrus, banana,
potato, coconut and tuber crops.
7.5.6 High density planting system: High density planting technology has been
standardized for many crops and also adopted by many fruit growers in India. It has
become a success story in banana, pineapple, guava, papaya, mango and cashew.
High density orchards have not only provided a higher yield and net economic
returns per unit area in the initial years, but also facilitated more efficient use of
inputs. In high density planting, closer spacing has given two and half times more
yield than normal spacing in mango, guava, papaya and pomegranate. Technologies
for high density planting, canopy management and rejuvenation of old and senile
orchards have been developed and successfully demonstrated at farmers‟ field.
Technologies for meadow orcharding in guava are being adopted across the country
for higher productivity. Coconut based high density multi-species cropping system
54
helps to improve soil properties, realized higher and stable farm net income and
generates additional employment.
7.5.7 Efficient input use and nutrient dynamics: Among various inputs, fertilizers
alone account for a significant amount of the total cost of production. The nutritional
requirement of various horticultural crops in different agro-climatic zones has been
worked out and successfully adopted by farmers. However, streamlining is required
in the use of bio fertilizers, VAM fungi, biological N fixers and other beneficial
microbial agents for effective nutrient use efficiency.
7.5.8 Water use technology for high efficiency: Good water management using well
designed systems is critical for sustaining production and quality of produce,
especially in the case of horticultural crops. If a water deficit its experienced at the
active growth phase or fruit development stages it causes severe loss to production
and quality. Therefore, it is imperative to manage the water by posing questions of
when, where and how to use this resource to draw maximum efficiency and
productivity. Therefore, a scheduling based on plant water balance in consonance
with soil and climate is appropriate. Water has to be applied to the root zone to save
the losses. Among various methods tried drip irrigation has proved successful in
exhibiting high water productivity by saving irrigation water from 25 to 60% in various
orchard crops and vegetables with a 10 to 60% increase in yield as compared to the
conventional method of irrigation. It is one of the latest methods of irrigation which is
becoming popular in areas with water scarcity and salt problems. Fertigation has
become the state of art technique in orchard crops and vegetables because nutrients
can be applied to plants in the correct dosages and at the time appropriate for the
specific stage of plant growth. Fertigation requirement in fruits (mango, banana,
grapes, papaya, and pomegranate, citrus and strawberry), vegetables (tomato,
chillies, brinjal, okra, potato, muskmelon, cucumber) and ornamental crops (rose,
carnation, gerbera) and plantation crops (coconut, arecanut and coffee) have been
standardized to improve the nutrient and water use efficiency from 120 to 290%.
7.5.9 Organic horticulture: India is best known as an exporter of organic tea and also
has a niche market for spices, fruits and vegetables. The protocol for organic
production in many horticultural crops has been worked out which includes a use of
resistant varieties, management of soil vermin-compost and biofertilizer, and
management of disease and pests using biological control as well as bio-pesticides.
7.5.10 Horticulture-based cropping systems: A farming system and cropping system
approach for sustainable use of farm resources and reduced risks has been
successfully demonstrated in perennial horticulture. Various farming system models
have been developed. Shade loving medicinal and aromatic crops like patchouti,
rose geranium, long pepper, sarpandha, kacholam, etc., are successfully grown
under coconut and areca nut. The elephant foot yam is widely grown as intercrops in
55
litchi, coconut, banana orchards. Spices like black pepper, ginger, turmeric, vanilla,
nutmeg, clove and some medicinal plants are ideal intercrops for coconut.
7.5.11 Protected Cultivation / Green House Technology: Considering the advantages
of green house, there is ample scope for encouraging area under protected
cultivation of high value flowers and vegetables out of season, both in the temperate
and tropical climate. However, profitability in green house cultivation will depend
upon the choice of green house structure, selection of crops and varieties and
production technologies adopted. Activities like construction of green houses, shade
net house, plastic mulching, and plastic tunnels, anti bird/ hail nets would be
promoted under the Mission. Provision has been made for selecting a variety of
construction material for green houses and shade net houses. Preference will be
given to using locally available material to minimize cost of construction of such
structures. The availing/subsidy assistances should confirm to BIS standards.
Assistance is being extended for construction of naturally ventilated green houses
involving a financial assistance of 40% of the total cost. The introduction of plastic
film as mulch increases the efficiency by improved moisture conservation, increased
soil temperature and elimination of weed growth and hence increases in crop yield.
LDPE and LLDPE plastic films are commonly used for mulching. Assistance for
promoting plastic mulching was provided under MIDH scheme @ 50% of cost limited
to 2 ha per beneficiary (Rs. 32,000/ha and Rs. 36,800/ha for hilly areas).
Greenhouses, plastic mulching, low tunnels from supportive system of peri-urban
agriculture where the agricultural land is limited and the demand for horticultural
produce is very high throughout the year. This technology could be employed
usefully in the regions where the normal growing season is limited to four to six
months.
7.5.12 Hi-tech horticulture and precision farming: Precision farming calls for efficient
management of resources through location-specific hi-tech interventions. Hi-tech
horticulture encompasses a variety of interventions such as micro irrigation,
fertigation, protected and greenhouse cultivation, soil and leaf nutrient based
fertilizer management, mulching for in situ moisture conservation, micro propagation,
biotechnology for germplasm, genetically modified crops, use of biofertilizers,
vermiculture, high-density planting, hi-tech mechanization, green food, soil-less
culture, biological control, etc. Precision farming application of fertilizers has proved
to be profitable along with recommendations based on a package of practices. About
2 Precision Farming Development Centres (PFDC) have been established in
different agro-climate regions. Some crops for which the components of precision
farming have been practiced are banana, grape, pomegranate, capsicum, tomato,
chilli, cashew and selected flowers.
7.5.13 Plant health management system: There are several pests and diseases such
as fruit fly, stem and fruit borer, bark, eating, leaf gall midge, aphids, mites and
moths and diseases like scab, powdery mildew, leaf spot, brown spot, gummosis,
56
canker causing serious damage to various horticultural crops. Among different pests,
termites, rodents also cause considerable damage particularly in low rainfall areas.
The chemical control measures for various pests and diseases have been worked
out at various centres. But there if need for eco-friendly practices. During the last two
decades IPM has moved from a peripheral position to the central stage of
horticultural production programmes. A variety of techniques have been developed
and refined for controlling different insect pests. Plant health management in
horticultural crops involves not only pre-harvest but also posts harvest-health
management strategies such as production of pest and disease-free planting
materials, use of bio-inoculants and other growth enhancing soil amendments,
indexing for major pathogens and certification of planting materials, seed plot
technique and mother garden technique and other such measures. Disease
forecasting models that are developed proved to be useful in determining the role of
climate factors in disease appearance and progression and in devising a suitable
management strategy.
7.5.14 Post-harvest technology: India occupies the prime position in the production
of fruits and vegetables which constitutes about 90.0% of the total horticulture
production in the country. There is a considerable gap between the gross production
and net availability of fruits and vegetables due to heavy post harvest losses.
Furthermore, only a small fraction of fruits and vegetables is utilized for processing
and export compared too many countries in the world whose position is much below
India's production level. Therefore, in order to achieve our target of feeding the
population as well as meeting the requirement of the processing including and export
trade, only increasing the production and productivity will not only be enough. A lot
more emphasis needs to be given to post harvest management of fruits and
vegetables. In order to make horticulture a viable enterprise, value addition is
essential. Harvest indices, grading, packaging, storage techniques have been
developed and standardized for major horticultural crops. Value addition through
dehydration of fruits and vegetables including freeze drying, dried and processed
fruits, vegetables and spices and fermented products have also been developed.
Potato chips, spices flakes and fingers, French fries are becoming popular as fast
food business. Development of new products like juices, chips, essential oils, fruit
wines are gaining popularity. Packing materials like Corrugated Fibreboard boxes
(CFBs), perforated punnettes, cling film wraps, sachets, etc. have been standardized
for packaging of different fresh horticultural produce.
As food consumption patterns are changing towards more convenient foods, he
demand for products like pre-packed salads, packed mushrooms and baby corn
frozen vegetables, etc. has increased. In order to reduce the dependence on
refrigerated storage, the low cost eco-friendly cool chamber for on farm storage of
fruits and vegetables has been a greater emphasis on safety (pesticide free),
nutrition and quality is being given a priority in research programmes.
57
7.5.15 Mechanization in horticulture: Most of the horticulture operations in India are
done manually or with animal power. Several machines and tools have been
developed to enhance the efficiency of farm operation. In fruit crops, the tractor
operated pit-hole digger and bucket excavators (JCB) have been developed but uses
at the farm level has yet to occur. In the fruit nurseries mechanization using media
siever, media mixer and plastic bag filler has been achieved.
7.5.16 Challenges: Climate change has been perceived as threat and will have a
significant impact on horticultural crops, due to increased temperature, erratic
rainfall, and new forms of biotic and abiotic stresses. Crop productivity under the
emerging threats due to biotic and abiotic stresses needs constant attention in
research. Post-harvest and primary processing to reduce perishability of horticulture
commodities is of paramount importance.
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8. REDUCING POST HARVEST LOSSES AND AUGMENTING THE
PRODUCTION TOWARDS COLD CHAIN
8.1 Basic Information
8.1.1 In agriculture, postharvest handling is the stage of crop production
immediately following harvest, including cooling, cleaning, sorting and packing. The
instant a crop is removed from the ground, or separated from its parent plant, it
begins to deteriorate. Postharvest treatment largely determines final quality, whether
a crop is sold for fresh consumption, or used as an ingredient in a processed
food product.
8.1.2 The most important goals of post-harvest handling are keeping the product
cool, to avoid moisture loss and slow down undesirable chemical changes, and
avoiding physical damage such as bruising, to delay spoilage. Sanitation is also an
important factor, to reduce the possibility of pathogens that could be carried by fresh
produce, for example, as residue from contaminated washing water.
8.1.3 After the field, post-harvest processing is usually continued in a packing
house. This can be a simple shed, providing shade and running water, or a large-
scale, sophisticated, mechanized facility, with conveyor belts, automated sorting and
packing stations, walk-in coolers and the like. In mechanized harvesting, processing
may also begin as part of the actual harvest process, with initial cleaning and sorting
performed by the harvesting machinery.
8.1.4 Initial post-harvest storage conditions are critical to maintaining quality. Each
crop has an optimum range for storage temperature and humidity. Also, certain
crops cannot be effectively stored together, as unwanted chemical interactions can
result. Various methods of high-speed cooling, and sophisticated refrigerated and
atmosphere-controlled environments, are employed to prolong freshness, particularly
in large-scale operations.
8.1.5 Regardless of the scale of harvest, from domestic garden to industrialized
farm, the basic principles of post-harvest handling for most crops are the same:
handle with care to avoid damage (cutting, crushing, bruising), cool immediately and
maintain in cool conditions, and cull (remove damaged items).
8.1.6 India over the years witnessed a marked increase in production of perishable
high nutrition products like fruits, vegetables, meat and poultry products etc. but
development of supply chain infrastructure was not strategically directed, for safe
handling and to convey these perishable products to markets, except in the dairy
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sector. A resultant demand supply mismatch emerged across these agricultural
commodities, frequently contributing to wide spread price fluctuations and inflation.
8.1.7 The inadequacy of scientific farm-to-market logistics, also contributed to high
food losses in case of perishable foods, further adding to inflationary pressures.
8.1.8 Post-harvest Losses
8.1.8.1 Ministry of Food Processing Industries commissioned a study in 2012
on “Assessment of Quantitative Harvest and Post-harvest Losses of Major
Crops/Commodities in India” which was conducted by Central Institute of Post
Harvest Engineering & Technology (CIPHET), Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR). The report of the study was published in 2015.
8.1.8.2 The factors responsible for these losses are inadequate supply chain
which includes the operations of harvesting, collection, sorting, grading and lack of
adequate transportation, storage and market infrastructure facilities.
8.1.8.3 As per this report, post-harvest losses including losses during storage
were in the range of 4.65% to 5.99% (cereals), 6.36% to 8.41% (pulses), 3.08% to
9.96% (oil seeds), 6.70% to 15.88% (fruits) and 4.58% to 12.44% (vegetables).
8.2 Ongoing Schemes
8.2.1 The Government is implementing the following schemes which have the
components aimed at storage of perishables and reducing wastage:
a) Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) b) Scheme of Ministry of Food Processing Industries: c) Scheme of Agricultural Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority (APEDA) d) Scheme of National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) e) Grameen Bhandaran Yojana
8.2.2 Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH): Under MIDH
scheme implemented by Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, subsuming the
schemes of NHM, HMNEH, NHB, CDB, NBM, CIH, financial assistance is provided
for taking up various activities related to development of horticulture including
marketing infrastructure and post harvest management. For the development of post
harvest management including establishment of cold storage infrastructure, subsidy
@ 35% (for general areas) and 50% (for hilly and scheduled areas) of capital cost of
the project is available for both public and private sector enterprises. The component
is demand/entrepreneur driven through commercial ventures for which Government
assistance is credit linked and back ended.
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8.2.3 Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI): Ministry of Food Processing Industries is implementing a Central Sector Scheme of Cold Chain, Value Addition and Preservation Infrastructure since 2008-09 in the country. The financial assistance @ 50% of the total cost of plant & machinery and technical civil works in general areas and 75% for NE region and difficult areas (North Eastern states, Sikkim, J&K, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand) subject to a maximum grant-in-aid of Rs 10 Crore per project is provided for setting up the cold chain infrastructure in the country. Integrated cold chain and preservation infrastructure can be set up by individuals, groups of entrepreneurs, cooperative societies, Self Help Groups (SHGs), Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), NGOs, Central/State PSUs, etc. 8.2.4 Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA): Ministry of Commerce through Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) provides 90% grant-in-aid to State Government agencies for setting up of common infrastructure including cold storage facilities for export oriented units. Assistant to private exporters is also available up to 40% as subsidy with a ceiling of Rs. 7.50 lakh to Rs. 75.00 lakh for different post-harvest components including cold storages. 8.2.5 National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC): National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) provides financial assistance for setting up of cold storages in the cooperative sector in the country. NCDC has dovetailed its cold storage programme with Capital Investment Subsidy Scheme of Govt. of India being implemented by National Horticulture Board (NHB). 8.2.6 Grameen Bhandaran Yojana: Ministry of Agriculture launched a capital investment central sector scheme „Grameen Bhandaran Yojana (GBY)‟ in April, 2001 for creation of scientific storage capacity with allied facilities in rural areas. The main objectives of the scheme are to (i) create scientific storage capacity with allied facilities in rural areas to meet the requirement of farmers for storing farm produce, processed farm produce, agricultural inputs, (ii) promote grading, standardization and quality control of agricultural produce to improve their marketability; (iii) prevent distress sales by the farmers immediately after harvest by providing facility of pledge financing/ marketing credit ; and (iv) strengthen agricultural marketing infrastructure in the country by introduction of a national system of warehouse receipts for agricultural commodities stored in such godowns. Since 01.04.2014 Grameen Bhandaran Yojana (GBY) and Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure, Grading & Standardization (AMIGS) have been merged into one sub-scheme namely Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI) of Integrated Scheme of Agricultural Marketing. 8.2.7 Component wise assistance available under MIDH: Under Post harvest
component credit linked back ended subsidy @ 35% of the project cost in general
areas and 50% in case of hilly and schedule areas is available. The component is
demand/entrepreneur driven through commercial ventures for which Government
assistance is credit linked and back ended.
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S. No. Components Cost/Unit(Rs. in Lakh)
1 Pack House 4.00
2 Integrated Pack House 50.00
3 Pre – Cooling Unit 25.00 for 6 MT
4 Mobile pre-cooling unit 25.00
5 Reefer vehicle 26.00 for 9MT
6 Primary processing units 25.00
7 Ripening chamber 1.00/MT for maximum 300 MT
8 Cold Storage Type – I @ Rs. 8000.00/MT
400.00 for maximum 5000 MT
9 Cold Storage Type – II @ 10000/MT 500.00 for maximum 5000 MT
10 Technology Induction in Cold-chain, Add-on for Controlled Atmosphere (CA) and Modernization, Alternate Technology
Maximum permissible subsidy shall be subject to original invoice and in no case more than Rs. 750.00 lakh, whichever is lower.
11 Low energy cool chamber (100 kg) 0.04
12 Rural Primary Market 25.00/Unit
13 Wholesale Market 100.00 crore/project
14 Terminal Market Complex 150.00 crore/project
8.3 Critical issues
8.3.1 Gap in the supply chain in the country
8.3.1.1 Hansa Report: As per Base line Survey in December, 2013 by M/s
Hansa Research Group 5367 cold storages with a capacity of 26.85 million was in
operations.
o Around 1200 were permanently closed.
o 95% of cold storage are owned and operated by private sector, 3% cooperative
and remaining 2% are under PSUs.
o Overall average capacity utilization was as under:
Product type Capacity Utilization %
Horticulture 75%
Processed food 71%
Animal Husbandry 74%
Pharma products 70%
Other 65%
8.3.1.2 NCCD-NABCONS Report: As per a recent study conducted by NCCD-
NABCONS the Cold chain requirement in the country stands as follows:
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S. No. Component Existing Capacity Approximate Requirement
1. Integrated Pack
Houses
250 numbers 70,000 numbers
2. Reefer Trucks <10,000 numbers 62,000 numbers
3. Cold stores (Bulk &
distribution hubs)
32 million tonnes 35 million tonnes
4. Ripening Chambers 800 numbers 9000 numbers
Future focus should be for creation of pack houses, refrigerated transport, ripening
chambers instead of standalone large cold storage/CA store projects.
8.4 Other related Subject Matter
at least 25% of total annual funds under national Horticulture Mission are
targeted for PHM intervention
Assistance provided for processing of perishable horticultural produce
Farmer Producer Organisations, Farmer Interest groups, and Self Help
Group, etc falling under the catchment zone of Mega Food Parks and cold
chain projects are made aware of and encouraged to use these facilities
Study/survey conducted for assessment of additional capacities in the cold
chain infrastructure
Promotion of alternate sources of energy like solar thermal and other non
conventional and hybrid energy systems for cold chain projects especially
pack houses, ripening chambers and stand alone cold stores are being
promoted.
Additional funds for creation of cold chain facilities have been requested
Higher synergy with MOFPI and other related agencies for coordinated
interventions in PHM- cold chain sector
Integrated cold chain availability platform (ICAP)- unified portal providing
information on government assisted cold chain projects launched
Investment Linked 150% Tax Deduction (Section 35-AD of IT Act)
Low interest loan from Warehousing Infrastructure Fund (NABARD)
Service Tax exemption for preconditioning, storing, transporting agricultural
produce
Service Tax exempted for „Erection, Commissioning, Installation‟ of Cold
storage & transport
Rewards of endless Demand, Smart bridge between rural & urban, reduced
Food loss
Growing market for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, domestic and international
Option to avail of Negotiable Warehousing Receipts as per WDRA norms
100% FDI through automatic approval route, and ECB route open
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DOMAIN - III: ANIMAL HUSBANDARY & DAIRING
9. ENHANCING ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION THROUGH BETTER FEED MANAGEMENT AND DISEASE CONTROL
9.1 Brief Information 9.1.1 Livestock sector has immense potential for growth in India. Livestock contribute to the livelihoods of the poor often in ways that cash, brick and mortar cannot. It offers them employment and a definite source of income on which they depend for their livelihood. The biggest impediment to growth of this sector is the large-scale prevalence of diseases like Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), Brucellosis, Anthrax, Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), Black Quarter (BQ), Classical Swine Fever (CSF), Ranikhet Disease (RD), Avian Influenza (AI) etc., which result in both morbidity and mortality and consequent production losses and adversely affect the animal productivity. These include direct losses due to mortality, reduced production in terms of milk, meat, wool, hide and skins, as well as indirect loss due to abortions, subsequent infertility, sterility and deterioration of semen quality. 9.1.2 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in large animals and Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in small ruminants causes more than 23,000 crore and 1,200 Cr economic losses per year respectively. Presence of diseases deters domestic and foreign investment in livestock sector. These not only wreak havoc on the existing stock but also limit international trade. 9.2 Ongoing Schemes 9.2.1 In order to tackle the issues of livestock Health in a better way, the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture &Farmers Welfare, Government of India is implementing a Centrally Sponsored Scheme called „ Livestock Health & Disease Control (LH & DC)‟ during the 12th Plan with a total project cost of Rs.3114.00 crore. This is an on-going scheme of the past Plan periods (10th and 11th Plan) with some modification/ addition and alterations. It has been decided that names of the disease control programmes of PPR, Brucellosis and Classical Swine Fever will be similar to Foot and Mouth Disease Control Programme (FMD-CP) and have been changed accordingly. The name of NPRE component has also been changed. The Scheme „Livestock Health and Disease Control (LH&DC)‟ will have following components:
i. Assistance to States for Control of Animal Diseases (ASCAD) ii. National Project on Rinderpest Surveillance and Monitoring (NPRSM) iii. Professional Efficiency Development (PED) iv. Foot and Mouth Disease Control Programme (FMD-CP) v. National Animal Disease Reporting System (NADRS) vi. Peste des Petits Ruminants Control Programme (PPR-CP)
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vii. Establishment and strengthening of existing Veterinary Hospitals and Dispensaries (ESVHD) –
viii. Brucellosis Control Programme (Brucellosis-CP) ix. Classical Swine Fever Control Programme (CSF-CP)
9.3 Critical Issues
9.3.1 During the 12th Five Year Plan, for control of livestock diseases, the strategy is to extend Foot and Mouth Disease Control Programme to all the districts/ states in a phased manner, extending PPR Control Programme to all the remaining states, extending the scope of Brucellosis control programme, strengthening of disease surveillance, state biological production units to comply Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), disease diagnostic laboratories to comply Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), implementation of Classical Swine Fever Control Programme and ensuring prompt disease reporting to Central Monitoring Unit under National Animal Disease Reporting System (NADRS). 9.3.2 Further, the States have a strategic vaccination plan taking into account susceptibility and vulnerability of different areas to different diseases including canine rabies. The funding pattern under ASCAD in respect of NE states has been changed, where it will be 90:10 centre: state sharing basis. New activity viz: Endo-parasitic control in cattle and buffaloes under ASCAD has been included. Provision of mobile veterinary clinics has also been made under the ESVHD component. A new component namely; „Classical Swine Fever Control Programme (CSF-CP)‟ has been included with 100 % central assistance. 9.3.3 Role of feed in dairy production: Nutritional needs are for energy, nitrogen (protein),essential minerals and vitamins which are met by the intake of various combinations of pastures, forage crops, conserved forages (hay and silage) and concentrates (grains and processed meals). The feeding objective is to supply the level and balance of nutrients required to meet the production, reproductive and product quality targets of the livestock enterprise as efficiently and economically as possible. 9.3.4 Nutrients are required for 'maintenance' functions and for 'production'. Energy intake required for resting or maintenance functions is proportional to metabolic body weight, which is a function of live weight (LW) ; grazing animals on average may require 30 percent more maintenance energy for walking than stall-fed animals. Energy, protein and mineral requirements for production are additional to those required for maintenance; production is only possible after maintenance requirements are met. 9.3.5 Forage quality and digestibility: Digestibility is determined by the energy and protein content of the forage. These are related to the ratio of plant cell components in the form of 'cell contents'(high energy and protein) and cell walls (fibre and silica). The less digestible cell wall component increases as plants age. 9.3.6 Milk Production: The higher levels of milk production require high levels of nutrition year-round; these can be achieved through a combination of tropical pastures (summer), irrigated temperate pastures (winter), nitrogen fertiliser
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tropical/temperate grasses and forage crops, and supplements (hay, silage and grain) fed over most of the year in the form of silage, hay, licks, inorganic minerals, grain or meal concentrates may enhance or decrease (substitute for forage) forage intake, depending on the quality of the base diet 9.3.7 Dairy production: The higher levels of milk production require high levels of nutrition year-round; these can be achieved through a combination of tropical pastures (summer), irrigated temperate pastures (winter), nitrogen fertiliser tropical/temperate grasses and forage crops, and supplements (hay, silage and grain) fed over most of the year.
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10. FINANCING AND MANAGEMENT OF PROCUREMENT, PROCESSING AND MARKETING INFRASTRUCTURE IN DAIRY SECTOR, PARTICULARLY REFURBISHING OF VERY OLD DAIRY PLANTS
10.1 Basic Information
10.1.1 Dairy farming in India is pursued as an adjunct to agriculture. It is managed
largely by utilizing crop residues and engaging family labour. According to National
Sample Survey, total number of workers engaged in dairy farming was 20.5 million in
rural areas (Annual Report 2012-13, DADF). Approximately 70 million rural
households in the country are engaged in milk production. Small and marginal
farmers and landless labourers, producing individually about one to three litres of
milk per day, produce most of the milk in the country. They own almost 70 per cent
of the female bovines but only about 40 per cent of the farm land. Milk contributes
close to a third of the gross income of rural households and in the case of those
without land, nearly half of their gross income.
10.1.2 During the last decade (2001 to 2010), the world milk production increased
from 589.5 million tonnes to 745.5 million tonnes, an increase of 26.46%, whereas,
milk production in India has grown 51.2%, i.e, from 80.6 million tonnes to 121.85
million tonnes. As per FAO report, the average annual growth in milk production in
the world during the last decade was 2.2%, whereas, domestic milk production of
India grew at the rate of 4.2 %. An increase in the growth rate of milk production has
contributed to an increase in the per capita availability of milk, notwithstanding the
increase in human population.
10.1.3 Number of in-milk animals (cows and buffaloes) in the country has increased
from 7.48 crore in 2007-08 to 8.6 crore in 2014-15. Milk production in this period has
increased from 107.9 million tonnes to 146.31 million tonnes. However, milk yield
per milch animal is very low. The Farmers need to take advantage of the breeding
facilities like AI centres in an around their villages. Farmers should only use quality
semen of high genetic merit bulls available at nearest AI centres by State Livestock
Development Boards.
10.1.4 Presently, 1.6 lakh village level dairy cooperative societies (DCS) with 15.4
million milk producer members were procuring average of 380 Lakh Kg Per Day
(LKgPD) and marketing of 312 LLPD of liquid milk. During 2014-15, the number of all
women DCS increased to 27,317. Women members of the DCS are also being
encouraged to assume leadership roles. As on 31.03.2015, the total number of
women in dairy cooperatives across the country was 4.5 million. The Farmers are
encouraged to enroll in the cooperatives as a member to enable them to market their
milk and earn remunerative prices.
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10.1.5 Considering the low productivity of our milch animals and the fact that still only
around 2% of the totals 6,38,000 villages in India are covered by Village Level Dairy
Cooperative Societies. Govt. of India is actively engaged in this endeavor of bringing
the benefits of Dairying to every milch owning farmer household.
10.1.6 The milk processing and marketing infrastructure created during operation flood has become obsolete and outdated and requires up gradation. Milk processing infrastructure has not increased in the similar way as the milk production in the country. The schemes of the Department aim to strengthen and create additional milk processing, marketing & procurement infrastructure for cooperative sector. In addition, schemes of Ministry of Food Processing Industry is also assisting in development of Cold Chain, Value Addition and Preservation Infrastructure to Individual, Groups of Entrepreneurs, Cooperative Societies, Self Help Groups, Farmers Producer Organizations (FPOs),NGOs, Central/State PSUs etc. 10.2 Ongoing Scheme 10.2.1 The farmers can benefit from the various schemes being implemented by the
Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries for promotion of dairy
sector:
A. Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme (DEDS): Farmers, rural
unemployed youth or any individual can take advantage of the scheme.
B. Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme (DEDS) from 01.09.2010 with the
objective of generation of self employment opportunities in the dairy sector, covering
activities such as enhancement of milk production, procurement, preservation,
transportation, processing and marketing of milk by providing back ended capital
subsidy for bankable projects through NABARD.
10.2.2 Objectives of the Scheme
I. to generate self-employment opportunities and provide infrastructure for
dairy sector;
II. to set up modern dairy farms and infrastructure for production of clean milk;
III. to encourage heifer rearing for conservation and development of good
breeding stock;
IV. to bring structural changes in the unorganized sector, so that initial
processing of milk can be taken up at the village level;
V. to upgrade traditional technology to handle milk on a commercial scale and
VI. to provide value addition to milk through processing and production of milk
products.
10.2.3 Pattern of Assistance
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a) Back ended capital subsidy @ 25% of the project cost for general category and @ 33.33 % for SC/ST farmers. The component-wise subsidy ceiling will be subject to indicative cost arrived at by NABARD from time to time.
b) Entrepreneur contribution (Margin) for loans beyond Rs.1 lakh* -10% of the project cost (Minimum)
c) Bank Loan - Balance portion
Farmer members and individual entrepreneurs can contact the nearest NABARD
Bank to know the names of commercial and cooperative Banks near their village
responsible for implementing the scheme. In turn, they may contact the said Banks
for details of scheme and for applying under the scheme.
10.2.4 National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development (NPBBDD)
This scheme was launched in February, 2014 as a comprehensive and scientific
Programme having two components: a) National Programme for Bovine Breeding
(NPBB), b) National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD) with the following
objectives:
I. To create and strengthen infrastructure for production of quality milk including
cold chain infrastructure linking the farmer to the consumer;
II. To create and strengthen infrastructure for procurement, processing and
marketing of milk;
III. To create training infrastructure for training of dairy farmers;
IV. To strengthen dairy cooperative societies/Producers Companies at village
level;
V. To increase milk production by providing technical input services like cattle-
feed, and mineral mixture etc;
VI. To assist in rehabilitation of potentially viable milk federations/unions;
These projects have benefited about 33.55 lakh farmers in 44078 villages in various
States, procuring over 41.91 lakh kgs of milk per day (TKgPD) and marketing milk of
about 34.01 lakh litres per day (LLPD).
10.2.5 National Dairy Plan, Phase-I is projected to meet the national demand of 150
million tonnes of milk by 2016-17 through productivity enhancement, strengthening
and expanding of village level infrastructure for milk procurement and providing
producers with greater access to markets.
The NDP-I was launched during March, 2012 for implementation in 14 States during
2011-12 to 2016-17 with total outlay of Rs.2242 crore. Subsequently, the number of
States covered under NDP-I was increased to 18 and the project period was
extended till 2018-19. The objectives of the National Dairy Plan, Phase I are:
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1. To help increase the productivity of milch animals and thereby increase milk
production to meet the rapidly growing demand for milk.
2. To help provide rural milk producers with greater access to the organised milk-
processing sector.
10.3 Critical Issues
10.3.1 Farmer members owning milch animals should become members of the
Dairy Cooperative Society nearest to their villages or consult the respective District
Milk Union to establish a new society in their village to avail benefits of the various
initiatives of the Government as well the State Dairy Cooperatives.
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DOMAIN - IV: CREDIT, COOPERATION & MARKETING
11. REFORMS IN AGRICULTURAL MARKETING–
IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL AGRICULTURE MARKET
11.1 Brief Information
11.1.1 The agriculture sector continues to be a critical segment of India‟s economy in terms of employment and income generation. The majority of India‟s population is engaged in agriculture and allied sectors. Government of India is committed to the welfare of the farmers and the Budget 2016-17 makes an explicit announcement to double the income of the farmers in the country by the year 2021-22. Agriculture being primarily a state subject, Government of India believes that both the Centre and States need to work together to realize this goal. 11.1.2 Since the launch of Green Revolution in mid 1960s, India has made good progress and has achieved food security. This has largely come about by new technology introduced on the production front. Now, it is time for addressing issues relating to the post-production activities including food processing and marketing. 11.1.3 The Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare believes that the next phase of transformation of India‟s agriculture will need reforms in agricultural marketing system. If the farmers are to be rewarded with remunerative prices for their produce, reforming the existing marketing system in the country is essential. 11.1.4 The post-harvest management including agricultural marketing has not kept pace with the changes in economy, particularly relating to setting up of an efficient supply chain. We are therefore, faced with new challenges in terms of finding an efficient market for the marketable surplus. There is enormous concern over several aspects of our agricultural marketing system. For one agriculture marketing is administered by the States as per their agri-marketing regulations under which State is divided into several market areas, each of which is administered by a separate Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) which imposes its own marketing regulation (including fees). As a consequence this fragmentation of markets, even within the State hinders free flow of agri commodities from one market area to another and multiple handling of agri-produce and multiple levels of mandi charges end up escalating the prices for the consumers without commensurate benefit to the farmer. 11.1.5 The need to unify market both at State and National level is, therefore, clearly the requirement of time. Backed by these reforms, a pan India online trading platform will it is expected to promote uniformity and streamlining of procedures across the integrated markets, remove information asymmetry between buyers and sellers and promote real time price discovery based on actual demand and supply, promote transparency in auction process, and access to a nationwide market for the farmer,
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prices commensurate with quality of his produce and online payment and availability of better quality produce and at more reasonable prices to the consumer. 11.2 Ongoing Schemes 11.2.1 National Agriculture Market (NAM) was conceived and approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) on 1st July, 2015 with a budget allocation of Rs.200 crore. NAM is envisaged as a pan-India electronic trading portal which seeks to network the existing APMC and other market yards to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities. The NAM Portal will provide a single window service for all APMC related information and services. This will include commodity arrivals & prices, buy & sell trade offers, provision to respond to trade offers, among other services. ` While material flow (agriculture produce) shall continue to happen through mandis, an online market would reduce transaction costs and information asymmetry. 11.2.2 Under the scheme an appropriate common e-market platform will be set up which would be deployed in selected 585 regulated wholesale markets in States/UTs desirous of joining the e-platform. Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) will operate the NAM with technical support from a Strategic Partner (SP). 400 mandis will be integrated by March 2017 and remaining 185 by March 2018. Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (DAC&FW) will meet expenses on software and its customisation for the States and provide it free of cost. DAC&FW will also give grant as one time fixed cost subject to the ceiling of Rs.30.00 lakhs per mandi (other than to the private mandis) for related equipment / infrastructure in 585 regulated mandis, for installation of the e-market platform. State Governments will suggest names of APMCs where this project would be initiated. 11.2.3 NAM has the following components:
A national e-market platform for transparent sale transactions and price discovery initially in regulated markets and to be followed in kisan mandis, warehouses and private markets. Willing States to accordingly enact suitable provisions in their APMC Act for promotion of e-trading by their State Agricultural Marketing Board/APMC.
Liberal licensing of traders / buyers and commission agents by State authorities without any pre-condition of physical presence or possession of shop /premises in the market yard.
One license for a trader valid across all markets in the State.
Harmonization of quality standards of agricultural produce and provision for assaying (quality testing) infrastructure in every market to enable informed bidding by buyers. Common tradable parameters have so far been developed for 25 commodities which are at Annexure-I.
Single point levy of market fees, i.e on the first wholesale purchase from the farmer.
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100% online trading of the agri-produce selected for each mandi. Simultaneously to facilitate assaying of commodities for trading on NAM,
Provision of Soil Testing Laboratories in/ or near the selected mandi to facilitate visiting farmers to access this facility in the mandi itself.
11.2.4 M/s Nagarjuna Fertilizers and Chemicals Ltd. in consortium with Techno Brain Global FZE have been selected as the Strategic Partner (SP) who will develop, operate and maintain the platform. The broad role of the Strategic Partner is comprehensive and includes writing of the software, customizing it to meet the specific requirements of the mandis in the States willing to integrate with NAM and running the platform. 11.2.5 A Project Appraisal Committee (PAC) has been set up in DAC&FW under the Chairmanship of Secretary (AC&FW) to examine the project proposals from the States and sanction grant of upto Rs.30.00 lakhs per mandi. 11.2.6 The NAM pilot will be launch on 14th April, 2016 in 21 mandis across 8 States. 11.3 Critical issues 11.3.1 In order to facilitate both unification of market and online trading, it is necessary for the States to undertake reforms prior to seeking assistance under the scheme in respect of (i) a single license to be valid across the State, (ii) single point levy of market fee and (iii) provision for electronic auction as a mode for price discovery. Only those States/UTs that have completed these three pre-requisites will be eligible for assistance under the scheme. The States must ensure that the reforms are carried out both in letter and spirit through appropriate and unambiguous provisions in the APMC Acts and rules. Besides the State Marketing Boards, APMCs must be enabled to promote the e-auction platform. The reform status in respect of these three reform provisions as provided in the respective States‟ APMC Acts is at Annexure-II. 11.3.2 The States will also need to ensure that the mandis that are integrated with NAM provide for 100% online trading of the selected agri-produce. They will also make provision for requisite online connectivity, hardware and assaying equipments. 11.3.3 Benefits of NAM 11.3.3.1 Once this system is implemented, it will provide a number of benefits to various stakeholders of the system.
For farmers NAM promises more options for selling their produce and competitive returns.
For local traders, NAM will provide access to larger national market for secondary trading.
For bulk buyers, processer, exporters, NAM will enable direct participation in the local mandi trade reducing intermediation cost.
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Stable prices and availability to consumer.
For mandis, the benefits will be in terms of Reduction in book keeping and reporting system, which would be generated automatically; Better monitoring and regulation of traders and commission agents; completely transparent system which will not provide any scope of intentional/un-intentional manipulation of tendering / auctioning process; improvement in the market fee collection by means of accounting all the transactions that are taking place in the market; Reduction in manpower requirements as tendering / auctioning process takes place through the system; This system will help to declare the tenders for the LOTs within few seconds even for thousands of LOTs in the market; Analysis and forecasting of the arrivals and prices; post the activities of each APMC on the web-site directly
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ANNEXURE-I
LIST OF COMMODITIES TO BE TRADED ON NAM FOR WHICH TREADABLE PARAMETERS HAVE BEEN PREPARED
S.No. COMMODITY
1. WHEAT
2. MAIZE
3. CHANA
4. CASTOR SEED
5. JWAR
6. BAJRA
7. BARLEY
8. GROUNDNUT
9. SOYABEAN
10. MUSTARD SEED
11. PADDY
12 ARHAR
13. URAD
14. MASOOR
15. MOONG
16. REDCHILLI
17. CUMIN
18 COTTON
19. POTATO
20. ONION
21. APPLE
22. TURMERIC
23. Shelling peas
24. Tamarind
25. Mahua
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ANNEXURE-II PROVISION IN STATE APMC ACTS IN RESPECT OF: (a) a single license to be valid across the State, (b) single point levy of market fee and (c) provision for electronic auction as a mode for price discovery.
State E-trading
Single Point Levy (SPL) of market fee
Unified Single License (USL)
Remarks
1 Andhra Pradesh Yes Yes Yes --
2 Arunachal Pradesh
No No No --
3 Assam No No No --
4 Chhattisgarh Only e-auction is provided
Yes Yes Under Section 36(3) (ii) only e-auction is provided, which is sufficient for NAM State has not yet notified detailed rules there under.
5 Delhi No No No --
6 Goa Yes Yes Yes --
7 Gujarat Yes Yes Yes --
8 Haryana Yes No Yes State needs to notify the rules for e-trading and USL and also make for provision for SPL in the APMC Act and simultaneously notify rules.
9 Himachal Pradesh
Yes Yes Yes While under Section 39 (3)(iii)- Powers and Functions of APMC, e-trading is provided , however there is a need for detailed rules
10 Jharkhand Yes Yes No Rule No. 146 clearly provides for Private e-trading referring Section-5 (Private market) of the APMC Act, while e-trading has not appeared in the Act. However, provision is sufficient. Provisions for USL are not provided.
11 Karnataka Yes Yes Yes --
12 Madhya Pradesh
Yes Yes Yes Under Section 32 (A) read with Section 79 , detailed rules are notified in 2009 for issue of Special License to traders desiring to trade in more than one market area by establishing
76
purchase centres and commodity exchanges for e-trading
13 Maharashtra No No Yes Though no specific provision for e-trading exists, however, State has issued licenses to commodity exchanges under direct marketing clause. Further, SPL for general trading does not exist while for specific purposes (export & processing), it exists.
14 Meghalaya No No No `-
15 Mizoram Yes Yes Yes Since under Section 26 (5) - Powers and Functions of APMC, e-trading is provided, therefore, there is a need for detailed rules. Further, rules for all amended provisions need to be notified.
16 Nagaland No Yes Yes Rules for all amended provisions need to be notified.
17 Odisha No
No No Licenses to commodity exchanges have been issued under private market clause. State needs to make detailed rules for e-trading. Further, State needs to make provision for SPL and USL also.
18 Punjab No Yes No --
19 Rajasthan Yes Yes Yes --
20 Tamil Nadu No No No Provisions for e-trading, SPL and USL need to be made and simultaneously rules be notified.
21 Telangana Yes Yes Yes --
22 Tripura No No No Provisions for e-trading, SPL and USL need to be made and simultaneously rules be notified.
23 Uttarakhand Yes Yes NO While e-trading is provided under Section 26 (2) (ix) - Powers and Functions of APMC, however, detailed rules need to be notified. Further, rules for all amended provisions need to be notified. Provision for USL in the APMC Act does not exist.
24 Uttar Pradesh Yes (?) Yes Yes (?) E- Trading is mentioned in “Definition” of the Act only but has not appeared in body of the Act. Single unified license is for primary trade not for secondary trade. Rules are also not
77
notified.
25 West Bengal No No No --
26 Chandigarh (UT)
No Yes No --
27 Andaman & Nicobar Islands No AMPC Act
28 Dadar &Nagar Haveli NO APMC Act
29 Daman and Diu NO APMC Act
30 Lakshdweep NO APMC Act
31 Puducherry APMC Act not implemented
32 Bihar APMC Act repealed in 2006.
33 Jammu & Kashmir APMC Act not implemented.
34 Kerala No APMC Act.
35 Manipur No APMC Act.
36 Sikkim APMC Act not implemented
78
12. IMPROVING ACCESS OF FARMERS TO INSTITUTIONAL
CREDIT FOR BOTH SHORT-TERM AND LONG TERM CAPITAL
INVESTMENTS IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR
12.1 Basic Information
12.1.1 The Government has taken many policy initiatives for strengthening of farm credit delivery system for providing credit at lower rates of interest to support the resource requirements of the agricultural sector. The emphasis of these policies has been on providing timely and adequate credit support to farmers with particular focus on small and marginal farmers and weaker sections of society to enable them to adopt modern technology and improved agricultural practices for increasing agricultural production and productivity. The policy essentially lays emphasis on augmenting credit flow at the ground level through credit planning, adoption of region specific strategies and rationalization of lending policies and procedures and bringing down the rate of interest on farm loan. Every year agricultural credit target is fixed by the Government and is announced in the annual budget.
12.2 Ongoing Schemes
12.2.1 The Government has taken many policy initiatives for strengthening of farm credit delivery system for providing credit at lower rates of interest to support the resource requirements of the agricultural sector. The emphasis of these policies has been on providing timely and adequate credit support to farmers with particular focus on small and marginal farmers and weaker sections of society to enable them to adopt modern technology and improved agricultural practices for increasing agricultural production and productivity. The policy essentially lays emphasis on augmenting credit flow at the ground level through credit planning, adoption of region specific strategies and rationalization of lending policies and procedures and bringing down the rate of interest on farm loan. 12.2.2 Government announces annual target for agriculture credit in the budget every year. Agricultural credit flow has shown consistent progress every year. Agriculture Credit of Rs. 711,621 crore was provided to the farmers against target of Rs.7,00,000 crore in 2013-14. In the year 2014-15, agriculture credit flow was Rs. 845,328.23 crore against the target of Rs.8,00,000 crore. Target for the year 2015-16 has been fixed at Rs.850,000 crore and achievement is Rs.630,243.87 crore upto 31st December, 2015 crore. 12.2.3 The Government is providing interest subvention to make short-term crop
loans upto Rs.3 lakh for a period of one year available to farmers at the interest rate
of 7% per annum and in case of timely repayment, the same gets reduced to 4%.
12.2.4 In order to discourage distress sale of crops by farmers, the benefit of interest
subvention has been made available to small and marginal farmers having Kisan
79
Credit Card for a further period of up to six months (post- harvest) on the same rate
as available to crop loan against negotiable warehouse receipts
12.2.5 In order to ensure that all eligible farmers are provided with hassle-free and
timely credit for their agricultural operations, the Government has introduced the
Kisan Credit Card Scheme, which enables them to purchase agricultural inputs such
as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. and draw cash to satisfy their consumption
needs.
12.2.6 The KCC Scheme has since been simplified and converted into ATM enabled
debit card with, inter alia, facilities of one-time documentation, built-in cost escalation
in the limit, any number of drawl within the limit, etc., which eliminates the need for
disbursement through camps and mitigates the vulnerability of farmers to
middlemen.
12.2.7 To bring small, marginal, tenant farmers, oral lessees, etc. into the fold of
institutional credit, Joint Liability Groups (JLGs) have been promoted by banks. To
improve the outreach among the poor and the informal sector, the SHG-Bank linkage
programme was intensified.
12.2.8 Kisan Credit Card (KCC)
12.2.8.1 The Kisan Credit Card Scheme is in operation throughout the country
and is implemented by Commercial Banks, Cooperative Banks and Regional Rural
Banks. The scheme has facilitated in augmenting credit flow for agricultural activities.
The scope of the KCC has been broad-based to include term credit and consumption
needs. The KCC Scheme has since been simplified and converted into ATM
enabled debit card with, inter-alia, facilities of one-time documentation, built-in cost
escalation in the limit, any number of drawl within the limit etc. which eliminates the
need for disbursement through camps and mitigates the vulnerability of farmers to
middlemen.
12.2.9 Revival Package for Short Term Cooperative Credit Structure (STCCS)
12.2.9.1 The Government implemented a package for revival of Short-term Rural Cooperative Credit Structure in the country. The Revival Package was aimed at reviving/strengthening the Short-term Rural Cooperative Credit Structure (STCCS) and makes it a well-managed and vibrant medium to serve the credit needs of rural India, especially the small and marginal farmers. It sought to: (a) provide financial assistance to bring the system to an acceptable level of health; (b) introduce legal and institutional reforms necessary for their democratic, self-reliant and efficient functioning; and (c) take measures to improve the quality of management.
12.2.9.2 States choosing to participate in the Revival Package were entitled for
financial assistance under the package through the mechanism of a formal MOU or
80
Exchange of Letters with the Central Government and NABARD to implement (in a
phased manner & within a period of 3 Years), the legal and institutional reforms
envisaged. Financial assistance for STCCS under the package was estimated at
Rs.13596 crore to make available for cleansing of Balance Sheet and increasing the
capital to a specified minimum level. In order to ensure that the CCS continued on
sound financial, managerial and governance norms, technical assistance was also to
be provided to upgrade institutional and human resources of the CCS,
computerization and building up proper internal control and accounting system. The
Package sought to bring down the interference of the State Govts in the credit
cooperatives and suitable amendments to the State Cooperative Societies Act and
Banking Regulation Act were proposed in the package. These formed part of the
important conditionalities to be complied with under the Package.
12.2.10.3 Twenty-five State Governments, viz. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal
Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, J&K, Jharkhand,
Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Nagaland, Rajasthan, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand,
Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal have signed the Memorandum of Understanding
(MoU) with GoI and NABARD for implementation of the package. This covered more
than 96% of the STCCS units in the country. An amount of 9245.28 crore was
released by NABARD as GoI share for recapitalisation of 52,902 eligible PACS in
seventeen States, 1510 ineligible PACS affiliated to 30 CCBs in three States and 13
CCBs in Odisha, while the State Governments concerned released 855.53 crore as
their respective share. As per MoU, the period of implementation was for three
years from the date of signing MoU which was extended till 30.06.2011 for all the
States. The package was closed on 30.06.2011.
12.10 Joint Liability Group (JLG) 12.10.1 Joint Liability Group is an informal group comprising 4 to 10 individuals coming together for the purpose of availing bank loan on individual basis or through group mechanism against mutual guarantee. The JLG mode of financing serves as collateral substitute for loans to be provided to the target group i.e. small, marginal, tenant farmers, oral lessees, share croppers, etc. It builds mutual trust and confidence between the bank and the target group and minimizes the risks in the loan portfolio for the banks through group dynamics, cluster approach, peer education and credit discipline. The objective of the JLG mode of financing is to provide food security to vulnerable section by enhanced agriculture production, productivity and livelihood promotion. JLGs can also easily serve as a conduit for technology transfer, facilitating common access to market information, training and technology dissemination in activities like soil testing, training and assessing input requirements, etc.
12.10.2 The Scheme for financing of Joint Liability Groups of Tenant Farmers
was started by NABARD in 2007-08. The scheme was extended to non-farm sector
from 2009 onwards. Thus, JLGs consists of those of farmers and also of non
81
farmers. The exclusive scheme for Bhoomi Heen Kisan was launched by
Government of India during the Union Budget Announcements - 2014-15 with a
target for financing 5 lakh Joint Farming Groups of “Bhoomi Heen Kisan” through
NABARD. The total number of JLGs and total loan amount provided (cumulative) as
on 31.12.2015 are as under:
Number of JLGs financed as on 30.12.2015
No. Amount
14.11 lakh Rs.13968.76 crore
12.10.3 Total number of Joint Farming Groups of “Bhoomi Heen Kisan”
promoted and loan amount disbursed during 2014-15 and 2015-16:
Number of JLGs promoted and financed
2014-15 2015-16 (up to December, 2015)
No. Loan Amount (Rs. Lakh) No. Loan Amount (Rs. Lakh)
456,636 441443.81 282,126 277860.00
(The figures for the years 2014-15 and 2015-16 are parts of the cumulative figures in
the first table.)
12.3 Critical issues 12.3.1 There are no critical issues
82
13. ISSUES RELATED TO PROCUREMENT OF PULSES AND OILSEEDS AT MSP UNDER PRICE SUPPORT SCHEME AND ITS EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION TO INCENTIVISE PULSE AND OIL PRODUCTION IN THE COUNTRY
13.1 Brief Information
13.1.1 The market price for agricultural produce many times tends to be unstable
and volatile which results in undue losses to the growers and discourage adoption of
the modern technology and required inputs. The Government‟s price policy for
agricultural commodities seeks to ensure remunerative prices to the growers for their
produce with a view to encourage higher investment and production and to
safeguard the interest of consumers by making available supplies at reasonable
prices with low cost of intermediation. The price police also seek to evolve a
balanced and integrated price structure in the perspective of the overall needs of the
economy. Towards this end, the Government announces, Minimum Support Prices
(MSP) for 25 major agricultural commodities each year in both the Crop Seasons
after taking into account the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural
Costs and Prices (CACP)
13.2 Ongoing Schemes
13.2.1 Price Support Scheme (PSS) and Market Intervention Scheme (MIS) are two
Schemes for providing remunerative prices to the farmers. Price Support Scheme
(PSS) for procurement of oil seeds, pulses and cotton directly from farmers through
Central nodal agencies (NAFED, SFAC and FCI) is implemented at the request of
the concerned state government which agree to exempt the procured commodities
from levy of mandi tax and assist central nodal agencies in logistic arrangements,
including gunny bags, working capital for state agencies, creation of revolving fund
for PSS operations, etc. as required under the scheme.
13.2.2 the procurement of oilseeds, pulses & cotton are undertaken by central
agencies at Minimum Support Price (MSP) announced by the Government as and
when prices fall below the MSP. Procurement is continued till prices stabilize at or
above the MSP. Central Agencies are provided with Government guarantee for
financial resources. NAFED operates through State Coop. Federations and Primary
Agricultural Coop. Societies whereas SFAC operates through FPOs
13.2.3 Market Intervention Scheme (MIS) is implemented for procurement of
horticultural / agricultural commodities which are perishable in nature and are not
covered under the PSS. The objective of intervention is to protect the growers of
these commodities from making distress sale in the event of a bumper crop during
the peak arrival period when the prices tend to fall below economic levels and cost of
production. The condition is that there should be either at least a 10 percent
increase in production or a 10 percent decrease in the ruling market prices over the
previous normal year. The MIS is implemented at the request of a state / UT
83
government which is ready to bear 50 percent of the loss (25 percent in case of
North-Eastern States), if any, incurred on its implementation. The extent of total
amount of loss to be shared on a 50:50 basis between the central government and
the State government is restricted to 25 percent of the total procurement value which
includes cost of the commodity procured plus permitted overhead expenses. Under
the Scheme, a pre-determined quantity at the fixed Market Intervention Price (MIP)
proposed by the State Government is procured by the agency designated by the
State Government for a fixed period or till the prices are stabilized above the MIP,
whichever is earlier. The area of operation is restricted to the concerned state only.
13.3 Critical Issues
Non-existence of infrastructural support system at village and block level for
storage of commodities procured.
States not providing adequate support system to PSS operations in their
states.
13.4 Other Subject Matter
In the interest of farmers, PSS operations should be implemented by the State
Governments through de-centralized procurement system.
25% of the total MSP cost may be released to States for reimbursement of
losses, if any
Claims may be vetted and finalized by the States to avoid the delay in
settlement of claims.
Presentation by Group leaders of 13 parallel session Groups and venues
S N Domain Date & Time Venue/ Name of
the Hall
Chairman Co. Chairman Presentation in
brief at the closing
ceremony in the
Symposium Hall
Name & Contact no.
of held desk person
1 Domain –I
Agriculture
(Sessions – 1 to
6)
12.04.2016
9:30 AM -
11:30 AM
Symposium Hall,
NASC Complex
Secretary,
DAC&FW
DDG, Crops Sh. Sanjay Lohia,
Joint Secretary,
(Crops)
Sh. Durgesh Gupta,
SO(RKVY)
2 Domain – II
Horticulture
(Session –(7-8)
12.04.2016
9:30 AM -
11:30 AM
Committee Room
No. I, Ground
Floor, NAAS
Complex
DG, ICAR Sh. Jalaj Srivastav, Additional
Secretary, DAC&FW and
Horticulture Commissioner,
DAC&FW DDG Crops
Dr.S.K. Malhotra,
Horticulture
Commissioner,
DAC&FW
Sh. Swarnendu
Singha, SO(Horti.)
3 Domain – III
Animal
Husbandry &
Dairying
(Session – (9-10)
12.04.2016
9:30 AM -
11:30 AM
Lecture Hall,
Ground Floor,
NAAS Complex
Sectary, AHDF Shri Sunil Kumar Singh, AS& FA,
AHDF
Sh. Sanjay
Bhoosreddy, Joint
Secretary, AHDF
Sh. Avinsh Pratap
Singh, SO(E-I)
4 Domain – IV
Credit,
Cooperation &
Marketing
Session - (11-13)
12.04.2016
9:30 AM - 11:30
AM
Lecture Hall 2nd
Floor, NASC
Complex
Sh. Raghvendra
Singh, Additional
Secretary,
DAC&FW,
Sh. Sanjay Krishna, AS &FA, and
Ms. Sangeeta Verma, ESA,
DAC&FW.
Dr. Ashish Kumar
Bhutani, Joint
Secretary (Credit &
Cooperation)
Shri N.P. Mathur,
SO(EA)
Note: The officers responsible for presenting at the closing ceremony are requested to make an abstract of all the respective sessions
relating to t heir domain and present it to the Hon’ble Minister in closing session (2.30 PM -3.30PM)
Details of topics to be discussed on 11th
April, 2016 and its venues for the National Conference on
Agriculture for Kharif 2016
Domain
No.
Group
No.
Topics Date &
Time
Venue/ Name
of the Hall
State Participants
Anchor Rapporteur Help Desk
Officer , name
and Contact
No.
I
1. Pulses & oilseeds –
Strategy to improve
productivity and
production of pulses
& oilseeds through
improved technology
package
11.04.2016
2:00 PM
Onwards
Symposium
Hall, NASC
Complex
Chairman:
State Dept of
Agriculture, Govt. of
Madhya Pradesh,
Bhopal
Co-Chairman:
State Dept of
Agriculture, Govt.
of Rajasthan,
Jaipur
Sh. Sanjay
Lohia, Joint
Secretary,
DAC&FW
Dr. A.K. Tiwari,
Director,
Directorate of
Pulses
Development,
Bhopal.
Smt. Madhu
Handa , SO
(Oilseeds)
DACW
9810445231
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of Agriculture of Karnataka,
Gujarat, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh, West
Bengal, Odisha, Assam, Bihar, Daman & Diu,
Andman & Nicobar.
2 Rice – Strategy to
enhance productivity
and production of
paddy in stress prone
area areas (rainfed,
flood prone etc.) as
also in Eastern India.
11.04.2016
2:00PM
onwards
Committee
Room No. I,
Ground Floor,
NAAS
Complex
Chairman:
State Dept of
Agriculture,, Govt. of
West Bengal, Kolkata
Co-Chairman:
State Dept of
Agriculture, Govt.
of Bihar, Patna
Dr. D.P. Malik,
Additional
Commissioner,
DAC&FW
Dr. Virender
Singh, Director,
Directorate of
Rice
Development,
Patna.
Shri Durgesh
Gupta,
SO(RKVY)
9968533245
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of Agriculture of Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh,
Punjab, Haryana, Assam, Odisha, Tripura,
Jharkhand.
3 Cotton –Management
of cotton crop
particularly pest &
disease vulnerability
by deploying
appropriate
technology &
management
practices.
11.04.2016
2:00 PM
Onwards
Committee
Room No. III,
Ground Floor,
NAAS
Complex
Chairman:
State Dept of
Agriculture, Govt. of
Punjab, Chandigarh
Co-Chairman:
State Dept of
Agriculture, Govt.
of Haryana,
Chandigarh
Dr. A.P. Singh,
Additional
Commissioner
(Commercial
Crops),
DAC&FW
Sh. R.P. Singh,
Director,
Directorate of
Cotton
Development,
Nagpur.
Shri Sawru
Singh, SO
(Vigilance)
8285123270
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of Agriculture of Telangana,
Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Goa, Lakshadweep, Dadra
Nagar, Haweli, Participants from the State
Department of Marketing and Cooperation
of U.P., Maharashtra, Gujarat and
Telengana.
4 Intervention and
strategy needed to
reduce cost of
cultivation in farming
through better input
management.
11.04.2016
2:00 PM
Onwards
Committee
Room No, II,
Ground Floor,
NAAS
Complex
Chairman:
State Dept of
Agriculture, Govt. of
Maharashtra,
Mumbai
Co-Chairman: State
Dept of
Agriculture,Govt. of
Jharkhand, Ranchi
Sh. Dinesh
Kumar,
JS (Policy),
DAC&FW
Ms. Sushila
Ananth, DS
(P&FW),
DAC&FW
Shri Kamal Kant,
ASO (Welfare)
9899411643
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of Agriculture of Andhra
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan,
Chhattisgarh, Goa, Uttarakhand, Uttar
Pradesh, Maharashtra
5 Organic Farming –
Promotion of organic
farming in hilly areas
to realize yield
potential on a
sustainable basis.
11.04.2016
2:00 PM
Onwards
Board Room,
International
Guest House,
NASC
Complex
Chairman:
State Dept of
Agriculture,Govt. of
Sikkim, Gangtok
Co-Chairman:
State Dept of
Agriculture, Govt. of
Uttrakhand,
Dehradun
Ms.I.Rani
Kumudini,
JS (INM),
DAC&FW
Dr. Vandana
Dwivedi, Addl.
Commissioner
(INM),
DAC&FW
Shri Praveen
Sharma, SO
(Seeds)
9871816822
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of Agriculture of Karnataka,
Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh , Assam,
Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram.
Participants from the State Department of
Horticulture of Telangana
Participants from the State Department of
Animal Husbandry & Dairying of Andhra
Pradesh
6 Effective
implementation of
crop insurance
scheme to achieve
maximum coverage of
the farmers over
Kharif 2016.
11.04.2016
2:00 PM
Onwards
Division of
Plant
Pathology,
IARI Campus
Chairman:
State Dept of
Agriculture, govt. of
Rajasthan , Jaipur
Co-Chairman:
State Dept of
Agriculture, Govt. of
Uttar Pradesh,
Lucknow
Dr. A.K.Bhutani,
JS (Credit &
Cooperation),
DAC&FW
Shri Sunil
Kumar,
Assistant
Director
Shri Vinay
Kumar
Malangiya, SO
(Policy-NCF)
8010188075
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of Agriculture of Karnataka,
Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Gujarat,
Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Meghalaya,
Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura
Participants of the State Department of
Horticulture of Maharashtra, Gujarat,
Meghalaya, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh
II 7 Technology led
growth for achieving
high productivity in
Horticulture.
11.04.2016
2:00 PM
Onwards
ZMT Unit,
IARI Campus
Chairman:
State Dept of
Horticulture, Govt.
of Karnataka,
Co-Chairman:
State Dept of
Horticulture, Govt.
of Chhattisgarh
Dr. Shakil
Ahammed, JS
(Horticulture),
DAC&FW
Ms. A. Vemuri
Additional
Commissioner
(NHM),
Shri Swarnendu
Singha, SO
(Horti.)
8826206093
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of Horticulture of
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat,Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur,
Mizoram,Telangana , Gujarat, Tamil Nadu
DAC&FW
8 Reducing post
harvest losses and
augmenting the
production towards
cold chain.
11.04.2016
2:00 PM
Onwards
Division of
Soil Sciences
& Agri
Chemistry,
IARI Campus
Chairman:
State Dept of
Horticulture, Govt.
of HP,
Co-Chairman:
ADG (Horticulture),
ICAR, Krishi
Anusandhan
Bhawan-II, PUSA
Complex, New Delhi.
Horticulture
Commissioner,
DAC&FW
Shri Pawneesh
Kohli,CEO/M.D ,
NCCD (New
Delhi)
Shri Sudhir
Teotia, SO
(INM)
9350411378
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of Horticulture of Uttar
Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa, Telangana,
Gujarat, Meghalaya,Nagaland, Sikkim,
Tripura
III 9 Enhancing animal
productivity and
production through
better feed
management and
disease control.
11.04.2016
2:00 PM
Onwards
Lecture Hall
No. 1, Ground
Floor, NAAS
Complex
Chairman:
State Dept of
Animal Husbandry &
Dairying, Govt. of
Telangana,
Hyderabad
Co-Chairman:
State Dept of
Animal Husbandry &
Dairying, Govt. of
Chhattisgarh, Raipur
Dr. H.R Khanna
additional
commissioner
Animal
Husbandry
Commissioner,
DAHF&D
Dr. Muniyellapa,
JC (LH),
DAHF&D
Shri Avnish
Pratap Singh,
SO (E-II)
9717023303
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of Animal Husbandry &
Dairying , of Andhra Pradesh, Punjab,
Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar,
Gujarat, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,
Manipur, Mizoram
10 Financing and
management of
procurement,
processing and
marketing
infrastructure on the
dairy sector,
particularly
refurbishing of very
old dairy plants.
11.04.2016
2:00 PM
Onwards
Division of
Entomology,
IARI Campus
Chairman:
State Dept of
Animal Husbandry &
DairyingGovt. of
Karnataka,
Co-Chairman:
State Dept of
Animal Husbandry &
DairyingGovt. of
Haryana, Chandigarh
JS (AH), Shri
O.P.Choudhary
/ Shri Sanjay
Bhoosreddy
DAHF&D
Shri Mohan Lal /
Shri Gautam
Deb, AC (Dairy)
DAHF&D
Shri C. R.
Ajayan, SO
(E-I)
9968410724
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of Animal Husbandry &
Dairying of Gujarat, Punjab, Madhya
Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa,
Maharashtra,Meghalaya,
Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura
IV
11 Reforms in
agricultural
marketing –
implementation of
National Agricultural
Market.
11.04.2016
2:00 PM
Onwards
2nd Floor,
Lecture Hall,
NAAS
Complex
Chairman:
State Departmentof
Cooperation &
Marketing Govt. of
Odisha
Co-Chairman:
State Departmentof
Cooperation &
Marketing), Govt. of
Karnataka
Shri
K.S.Srinivas, JS
(Marketing),
DAC&FW &FW
Shri S.K. Singh,
Directorate of
Marketing &
Inspection,
DAC&FW
Shri N. P.
Mathur, SO
(EA)
9811398818
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of Cooperation& Marketing
of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Uttar
Pradesh,Jharkhand, Orissa, Arunachal
Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Sikkim
12 Improving access of
farmers to
institutional credit
for both short-term
and long term capital
investments in
agriculture sector.
11.04.2016
2:00 PM
Onwards
Conference
Hall No. 1, 2nd
Floor, NAAS
Complex
Chairman:
State Department
of Cooperation &
Marketing), Govt. of
Kerala
Co-Chairman:
State Department
of Cooperation &
Marketing ,Govt. of
Karnataka,
Shri Gajendra
Singh, DAC&FW.
Shri Vinod Giri,
Dy. Director,
Shri S.
Sengupta,
SO(SP)
9871748909
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of Cooperation & Marketing
of Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Gujarat
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, West
Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland,
Tripura
13 Issues related to
procurement of
pulses and oilseeds at
MSP under Price
Support Scheme and
its effective
utilization to
incentivize pulse and
oil production in the
country.
11.04.2016
2:00 PM
Onwards
Training Hall,
2nd Floor,
NAAS
Complex
Chairman:
State Department
of Cooperation &
Marketing, govt. of
Madhya Pradesh,
Bhopal
Co-Chairman:
State Department
of Cooperation &
Marketing ,Govt. of
Karnataka,
Dr. A. K. Mishra,
Chief Director,
DAC&FW
General
Manager
(Marketing),
NAFED
Shri R.
Vijayraghavan,
SO(E-II)
9899439153
PARTICIPANTS from STATE
Department of, Cooperation & Marketing
of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan,
Gujarat, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, West
Bengal, Odisha, Assam, Sikkim, Arunachal
Pradesh, Manipur, Andaman& Nicobar
* Note: 1. The above arrangement is final. However, if there is any change due to some unwarranted situations the same will be intimated to all
concerned well in advance.
2. Sincere efforts have been made to bring cross-domain experience to various domain.
Presentation by Group leaders of 13 parallel sessions on 12th April between
9.30am-11.30am Groups and venues
S N Domain Date & Time Venue/ Name of
the Hall
Chairman Co. Chairman Presentation in brief at
the closing ceremony in
the Symposium Hall
Name & Contact
no. of held desk
person
1 Domain –I
Agriculture
(Sessions – 1 to 6)
12.04.2016
9:30 AM -
11:30 AM
Symposium Hall,
NASC Complex
Secretary,
DAC&FW
DDG, Crops Sh. Sanjay Lohia, Joint
Secretary, (Crops)
Sh. Durgesh Gupta,
SO(RKVY)
2 Domain – II
Horticulture
(Session –(7-8)
12.04.2016
9:30 AM -
11:30 AM
Committee Room
No. I, Ground
Floor, NAAS
Complex
DG, ICAR Sh. Jalaj Srivastav,
Additional Secretary,
DAC&FW and
Horticulture
Commissioner, DAC&FW
DDG Crops
Dr.S.K. Malhotra,
Horticulture Commissioner,
DAC&FW
Sh. Swarnendu
Singha, SO(Horti.)
3 Domain – III
Animal Husbandry
& Dairying
(Session – (9-10)
12.04.2016
9:30 AM -
11:30 AM
Committee Room
No. III, Ground
Floor, NAAS
Complex
Sectary, AHDF Shri Sunil Kumar Singh,
AS& FA, AHDF
Sh. Sanjay Bhoosreddy,
Joint Secretary, AHDF
Sh. Avinsh Pratap
Singh, SO(E-I)
4 Domain – IV
Credit, Cooperation
& Marketing
Session - (11-13)
12.04.2016
9:30 AM -
11:30 AM
Committee Room
No, II, Ground
Floor, NAAS
Complex
Sh. Raghvendra
Singh, Additional
Secretary,
DAC&FW,
Sh. Kumar Sanjay
Krishna, AS &FA, and
Ms. Sangeeta Verma,
ESA, DAC&FW.
Dr. Ashish Kumar Bhutani,
Joint Secretary (Credit &
Cooperation)
Shri N.P. Mathur,
SO(EA)
Note: The officers responsible for presenting at the closing ceremony are requested to make an abstract of all the
respective sessions relating to t heir domain and present it to the Hon’ble Minister in closing session (2.30 PM -3.30PM)