nathan krohne color blindness. discovery john dalton, an english chemist, was the first to report...
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Nathan Krohne
COLOR BLINDNESS
DISCOVERY• John Dalton, an English chemist, was the first to report the disorder .
• First general condition of color blindness was called Daltonism
• Dalton believed that a colored liquid inside the eyeball.
• Scientists dissected his eye.
• proved wrong after his death.
NEW THEORY• Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz were the first to
propose trichromatic color vision.
• By 1850 Thomas and Hermann expanded the theory further.
• The theory wasn’t proven until 1958.
• By 1983 the theory was complete.
Thomas Young Herman Van Helmholtz
ETIOLOGY• 8% European decent
• 4% African American decent
• .4% of women.
• X-linked recessive inheritance trait
• Effects of color blindness can vary from mild to severe depending upon the defected gene.
• Red-Green colorblindness accounts for 6% of men with the disorder
SYMPTOMS• May be able to see some colors but not others.
• Harder to detect than one might think, particularly in children.
• A colorblind person may only be able to see a few shades of color, whereas others can see thousands of shades of color.
Red-Green ColorblindNormal Color
COLORBLIND TESTS• Most popular is Ishihara Plate test.
• 38 images of random colored circles.
• Originally made for Japanese Army.
• Farnsworth Lantern Test
• Used by the Navy, Marines, and coast Guard.
• Involves colored signals that have to be identified
from a distance
SOMATIC GENE THERAPY• Works by delivering therapeutic DNA into a patient's cells
• Somatic gene therapy= DNA to somatic cells, or non-sex cells.
• will only affect the individual,
not the next generation.
• currently over 600 experiments of somatic cell gene therapy in the United States.
• only for treatment; complete cure of the mutated gene is not yet available.
GERMLINE GENE THERAPY• Works by joining a modified gene with germ cells to form a zygote.
• Germline gene therapy= intended for sex cells only.
• Heritable and passed on to
later generations.
• Ethical reasons and
risk to future generations
may prohibit Germline gene therapy
• Tremendous advancements since the first experiment in 1990.
• Genetic engineering.
SOCIETY ON COLORBLINDNESS• No discrimination.
• A lot of misconceptions.
• Difficulties reading color-coded maps.
• Difficult or impossible to get certain occupations.
WORK CITEDColor Blindness. (2010, May 14). What is Color Blindness. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from Colour-Blindness: http://www.colour-blindness.com/ Evans, A. (2008). Color Is In The Eye Of The Beholder. Boston, massachusetts: CVD
Publishing. Kennard, J. (2007, Janurary 7). Color Blindness in Men. Mens Health. Retrieved
February 10, 2014, from About.MensHealth: MensHealth.about.com MedicineNet. (2012, May 14). Color Blindness. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from
MedicineNet: MedicineNet.com Phillips, R. H. (1995). Coping With Colorblindness (Vol. 1). New York City, New York:
Avery. Wearecolorblind. (2012, Janurary 10). A introduction to colorblindness. Retrieved
February 9, 2014, from Wearecolorblind: Wearecolorblind.com WebMD. (2011, April 2011). Eye Health Care. Retrieved Feburary 9, 2014, from
WebMD.com Williams, P. (2010). Color Blind A Memoir. New York City, New York: St. Martins
Pres.