NAT IONAL EDUCATION U.oc:IATIOH 01" THE UNITED aTATEa

•• I ZOI a tXTUNTH na•n. N . W .. WAaMI ... TON e . D . C. .

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!Jn. Franlt1in D. Rooeevelt Ape.rtllen~ 15-4 29 'iiasbington Square, \fee~

New York 11, New York

Dea r llrs. Roosevelt:

January 6,

t-Vz;:; ,...,.c~ ,, k .z;:. ~ A .. ·~ c..C::~~. L_

Some informa~ion came to filii desk today. V _, t;- o·-b,,~ \. <. ~

Fint.: On ~he quos~ion you diacussed with such facilit y when you ..et with our stat! on Friday afternoon, 4o20 P. ll., J&II\Ulry J.

Second: On the rttal question about which I ha" written to you eeve111l times in oonnec~ion with the work o! the President 'a Collll!d.ssion on Higher E&tcation. You will note on llll&e 2 of t he Defense Bulletin, No. 19, December, 1946, encloeed, another ex­preuion of the attitude of a croup of the NF..\ ~oward the gnmt ­ing of federal aid to non-public sehoole .

The whole s trike eitua~ion is takon up in eo• detail, as well as o~her aspects o! ~he e:~e,..;ency sit u&Uon in e~oation as it relates to teachers .

In the afternoon mil, I recei ved a letter troa llu'jorie Jomston, a De:ober or the faculty of the A:>erican Ins ~i~ute o! Fore1£p Trade 1n ?boenix, \l'bona. Tbia 1s a new ftllture, aa you undoubtedly kn<nr, and she writes o! the success of the undert&kir~& and ' spMkll of the procress which the students baft • de to data. I quote f roa her letter• "ITe md far too 11t~le t ime to get organised but on the whole we are !le t ting along wall at t he school . There are )6o s tudent s tak­ing ten hours a week of Spanish and Portuguese and all can speak and understand rather ,.u already. Three o! t he 1nteraediate claaMs put en a beauti!ul Clu-istma program 1n Spanish and 1'\>l)tugueae. The Boett~ers rtsited us t.mt avenin&, and were very r ... orably illpresaed.•

A!fectiona taly 1

~~ (.)..._ •• -....c.c /....l 9 . Charl Orllond lrlll"•

1. --..aq 1n u. I. ' · 1 .. - Wo, h J 1941.

2, • &n --- .. - ..,, •• - ........... s-...... 1941

3. •• on. eat .. r_,,.. - a=nt• "ere=, Oataa rr 1941

s. "'ar ~ and tho Picllt tor Pr11 J • - .tiMI'W a-, O•h•n lt41l

6, •Jimllt 1n t.bo C~.M~.-• - aM• .., ...S. 116 r.u.. ..... , lopt a ll, ltld

7. "LWv llluaaU.oa a *~ o arta. too"- • · .... I'Wift, ., -:n, 1tU

8. "An Apple tor t.bo - - llo • loelb, Polino:7 1944

9. "YOIIJ' ll1do Are tho Vl.U.O• - 'llo1o """· ~ 6, 1944

10. "T-.... pe,y, • Jlat.t.al DLocr-• - ........ ~~leNt. ac-.. 1945

u . ·"'ur -1o Are a -clol• - C)DlJJ.ao•o, .lprU 1)0 1946

12. •u. s. 111111 -1• - Lito, .lprU 22, 1946

1), ... - Haft lion .,d Better --· - l.t. n-a JIICUSne, 11117 12, 191o6

u. "'ur ~ ~ .. .,., Are !lloir ~ to oar ChU olull" - ..-11••, ,_ l91o6

u. •u wo - ~· - ~ Qnpbic, J ul:fl946

16. "Who WUl - YOIIJ' 0111111• - to4loo• - Joumol, hlP 1946

17. •• A.N Chswtirc Ntl"=• ot Our t:Ml, • ill~ aQ.1. ~Ja•-~. Jul:l 19, 1946

a{._ - Qoal\ ~· - eow ..... ~ 24, 1946

19 • .,_cb.,. ~00°-We, ...... II 161 1'Jio6

20. "'lho•U- YOIIJ' ChU:Ina!• - rua Jauftlel, ... ,,.,. 1946

21. ~·· CftaU Sa II ..... - ..... I 11 rtl 1 191o6

22. "' ... llolorioo 11118\ lo k -·· - .. • c, .... 2J. "Mop atl'-~

24· "1.. • :1 WlMI ....... •-:tli. ._ .......

DEHJ'IS£ BUL\.ffiN

NO 19 THROUGH EDUCATION

z .. uod b)' tho NATIOIIAL CQ!aUSSION FOR 'lllll DSYENSE OF D"1XlCRACY 'Ml(l!IGH E!XJCATIOII 1201-l bth So. m1, W•ohllll!t.on 6, D.C. Donald lluSh4no, Sooret.ar y

Con tent,:, confidential: fl r1Mril.y tor t he intormatiort of , a nd act.ion by oenber s o r tho COI"l''thaion , at.at.o aocret&r1ea, local atfil.Ut..od &3soc.1ation:s , and llT.'.A tlirec tore.

Corrni3s1on Hemhershi">

A .... nointed:J.lonzo f . 'f¥era, Sen . of ~.d'n., tl. Y. Univ ., chai~, 19l.7

\' ... rs1n!.a ~:lnr.a.1M, Cent-r al Hir)1 Sch., f~rt ~~a, Ind., vlce-eh&irnart, 194~

~·r.n ~·. Davis, pres., State COileae, !Mt.it.ule, !j , Va., 1949

Jrun -;. Dodd, Supt. or Sehooh, Freeport, n . Y. , 19.C.S

":rr.e:s t. 0 . Melby, dean, Sen. or Ccl'n ., II . Y. Unlv ., 191.6

''Hnona Wont.co.m.ery, tea.cher, Phoenix, w •. ' 1949

~lor;r E. T1tuo, Ca;lt'laok Junior Hie~ Sen. , Huntington, ',/, Va , , 191~7

6x officio: Edgar G. Doudna, vice· t:haircan, Rd. of Norul Sch . fto .. Rent.a, ltadbon1 ·a:s.; 1/iUAJ"d E. Cihena , exoc • .:seey., UEA , 17ash . D.C . ; Poar l A. Wan~~er, supt. ot nublic in.at.NeUon, Olpp1.o, 11&oh.

Advt.ory: 1bo C«.cl..eston has over 800 advisor,. ::.ec.~ra •ho render an in­valuable aerv1ce in inter-una 1oM CCIOII.Us:!on•a work to at.at.o and local t.'rou.,. anl'l in pi"'CX-t.lna: "el.tar• and o1.allar a ct.ivit..l.o• in their own euooiaUon.a.

I Oofanse Cocnls:.ion l!oet..s • 2 Teachor St.r1lce_, Pro and Con • • • 2 Int.orcult.ural Cont:rronc:os ~laMO~ I. Teachers Urv!er At.tac:k • • • • • • 5 Shall ~;. Oiscard OUr "Surplus ToutJ\"? . 5 S..opcnded Axe • • • • • • • 6 Hi~pointa !rOG StAte !loot.iona • 6 Scboole Cloood, Ployspoto St.Ul Opon 7 J.n AJ'pl• !or tho Teacher • 7 Ctdcaao '• f.le• b r d Ben a !lee r ot.

JloetJnge • • • • • • • . • • o • • • • 8 Y.oop • ~;a D.uab and You Can Fool •tm , •• 0 School Peopl e Can•t Be BouRht •••••• 9 noo NEI. and Compuloory llillt.ory

Training , . • ••• •••• • •••• 10 Board 1!-.r Aoko II ,;A to InvootiCite ••• 11 Vil.&l Principle at St.4ko ao Vallo)'

St.r e,M • o o ~ • • • • • • , • • •• 12 Con!or•noo on Juvanilo Dalinquono)l , , .lJ "It. Cot. Ua ~ o •o "' •••••••• U Oil u.. 0 1'1rillg LiM" • • • • • • • .14 llo!eNo Fun4 Croors • • • • • • • • • • .1, Rod l!ait.ing in tho Schools ••••••• U Teacb.ro t.o the ~t o! Center , • , •• 17

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Dl!Fr.JISE COlf.IISSION !!BETS

!he oxecutJ.ve co:mU.ttee of tJ'It;t Oefenao Cosniasion ~~~et )Wovember 1- 2 at NEA We..shington headquarters, welcoood two new mc:nbors , and u.nanialously reelect-ed Alonzo r . Wyers and Virainia Kinnaird as chai~n and vioecha1~ r espectivelY tor 1946-47. Winona Montgomory of Arizona and Dr. John fl. Davis of \1eat Virginia ara the newl.,y appointed members .

The eom'llit tae agr eed to--

(1) sponsor con!or~ncos on intercultural education

(<) continue tho campaign to d~!eat cOillpulaory oilitary trainine in peacot!Jllo

(3) intensify its efforts on behalf of t oachere unjuaUy treated

(4) continue to oppose the Wldermin.in.g of public confidence in the e:choola by red-baiting g~ups

( 5) urge the issuance of a stanlp COJ!I:lgmorat.ing Aoerica'a claa:sroom te.aeher .s

c:l\Ork for dofeat of the ~ray-!loroe-Poppor bill for federal aid to oduca~] whose ultJ.oat,e effect would be t.o C!ncour~o the cstob.l ot non- bile schools and to we.o.ken the su r t c 9 o •

{7) sponsor a s tudy on a.dmi.niet.rat.iva prObl eCl3 which liiOuld O:tke tor better coopera­t ion between achoolboards and school management.

tl llll tlti i:IJIIliiR.II

TEACI!fR S'llUKBS PR:l AJID OON

Tcschor 5trik&s t or higher pay made front-page news in a number of cornmuniti ea this faJ.l. . Oiscow·•ged by 11bargain-ba.se::nenttt sal.arie5 which could not. be stretched to meet ~ r i s i ng coat of living and tired of promiseD without action, teachers won t on stri ke or threatened to strike in at l Ba.st six .states, Cormect.i.cut., Iowa, R. I ., Minneso ta , Ohio, Pcnnaylv&tde., TeMe.saeo, and New York City. The patter n of e.ct.1on di.Ifered widely with local condiUono ,

While the public generally is in aympath,y with t.ha deoanda or t.he teacher a tor JUghor payJ many teachers expr essed grave doubt aa t.o t.he value or atrikee as a meano ot •rousing the publ ic to an appreciot.i.on or the desperate plight of t.ha ~choola.

/Norwalk , Conn.--'l'he ao-callGd Uorwo.lk atrike was not • str ike but was an att empt to 'lfork out satisfactory contracts before aigning. In t'Mir action t he troaehera had the support ot the Connecticut State Teachers Msoe1ation and the atat.e board of educ•t.ion. Under tJle COC!pr ooiso agreeoent. oat.Ui ng the 8-clay ~triken tha Norwalk board. agre.ed to meet par t ot the increase which had been prom..htd on a schedule negoti.o.t.ed with the toaehor a the previO\.lb spring. Also the board agreed to recogniee the ~orwalk Teachers Assooie.t ion, an affiliate or tho Na~ional Education Aeoooiation, ae bargeinine &gen~ Cor tho teachor s , (Seo alao Sept . DI!F!liSE BULLEntl .

; · 2) Twin Citieo-A str ike or union teaohora oloaod St . Paul•• 77 public grade and high school s a few hours attar an el eventh-hour otter of higher talariet had aver ted

(Continued on the rollow1nc paso)

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.similar w4lkout in lli.nneapOUe. '!he t.eachers r e pre.sent.ins about 1000 ot St. Pau.l. 1 e U6S instructor s picketed the ochoolo in a deoand for aalary increaaes .

llinneapolis teachers accept.ed the .sohoolboard's offer which averted the atrike, Mnlel.y, Pa.\'ltCnt of a $l~cost,.oC-living bonuo in Ooc..,bor 191.6 in liau of a 1946 salary r aise, a 1400 increase in 1947, a.nd establlslr.ient ot & new schedule etfeot.ive January 1, 1948.

V Tcnne.sse&-In alcltinnville, Warr en County 1 JS school s r err..ained cl osed a.s teachers iind school bus drivers stayed home t.o enforce their demands !or a ~5 monthly incr e4ae to cover the coot or living, Said County SupL, IV. 1! . 1'aylo-. "11o fool tho cleims or the teache rs and bus drivers are just.-they ' re not. asking anything unreasonable."

'Itlroc clancntary schools at Shelbyville shut dmm recently o.tt.er " letter was signed by 28 of 29 teacllera asking for & $?.$ monthly increase to Ulair present average of $135. City ofric1al.e: announced t.hoy wculd seek to ra!sa revenues tor the inc rease and s chools were roopcned. "'o act.ion has been taken as yet. (t1ov. 2.J ).

/Pennsylvania--Strikes were held, or threatened, in Wilkes- Barre, East Conemaugh Borough, Sha.'ll0kin1 a.nd Rankin. Teachers in Rankin, a subu_r.b of Pit.tsburgh, went. on strike asking $400 yearly ineroase and 10 d4yst sick leave . nhen the schoolboa.rd re­fused tho teacher a • de.:nands and they r eturned t.o work ra the.r than endanger the wel­far e of the children, the ~tudont.s t.hcmsclvos wont. on strikoJ Said one or their .spokesmen: 1'0ur t.oaehcr s cant t. live on salar ies averaging froo $1200 to ~800 a year U: a big city like Pitt-sburgh, even in the suburbs .. "

~w York City--Aroused by threats of a teacher strike, le~ders ot parents and civic organizations denounced Governor Dewey •s promise to invostigattt whot.hor low sa.larios are responsible tor the toaehcr short.age. ~'i'e need more acUon, less talk , they declared .

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-eiii,jjj'FJll'S :

nte Defense Comnission believes t.bat after teachers have signed cont.r a.eta . they .should live up to thom1 that in the long r un tea.ch.er.s will not g&in by striking but will los o a good deal of the public backing and suppor t !.hoy have beon building up tor t.ho paet 4 or 5 year s . The t.ecporary advantage which a few teachers may seclU'e froc the strikes will be moro than ottset. by the black eye which tho protee­aion as a whola will sUffer t.h~ public disapproval of such methods .

1bis is not to sa,y that .s trikes or other drastic action might. not be ju_stif'ied in extreme cases ·.there there has bean gross injusticcJ fraud, or coercion in ooMec­t ion with the adjustin g and eignins or contr acts. For exaapl.o1 where the board demanda return of signed contract's within a day or t.wo, thus denying the teachers sufficient t~~e tor consideratiOn, or where the board deceives the teacher s as to funds actually available tor teacher salaries .

In ll'ilny comunit.ics this year teache rs have negotJ.at.ed auccQssfully tor salary increases Without r esort to atrikca . Ono of t.hc most progrc.ssive procecilras is t.hru a Joint nogotiati.ng cormrl.ttee1 cooposed ot represnntat.ivoe from the local teachers &s!'Joeiat.ion and from the board. Ao pointed out in Ulo new NEA •tanual t or _Locals, 11Such a comoi tteu is moat likoly t.o produce a acht;Jdulo acceptable bot.h to the teachers and t.o the board . "

Ttlaehers should stand unit..od in t heir re.fusal to aisn unt..il aatietactory a,groet~ent. h- re•ehed. It tho board then tails to provide the cont.r•eta which have been

(Continued on tho following pogo)

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Lrik•e--continuod from precoding page)

neJiotUt.ed--as was the caee i n Nor lfalk- t.he t."'chore &re Just.itied in refU..Sing to #i~n un~il a settl~unt can bo worked out.

nte practice ot t.eechera fJ"'aa ot.hv clt.ioa or at.at.os of applyinc: ror the Job-s ot the local v-aeher s "ho aro n.r,ot.iat.tn,, •hould be •l~rou.el)- onooaed anti effectively

1 punished by th~ teachin& profosaion.

I nto tiE'.A Ethics Colr::dtteo on October 20 ieaued th~ toU()';71ng atat.or,on.,t. concerning t.eachor strikes : .

••'Mlo IlEA Ethi cs Coa:'!lit.t.oo I"'COCI!Iends a coa t or living adjua~nt in t.oachcr s 1

a&larita . It rM!tinu itl poeit.ion re­gard.1r.a the se.n~tity of t.Mchera' eon­tract.a . n.a Ethics Cc:ad.tt.H does not cndorae bro:.a.king contract.a by e trikine. Howevc.~r, the .Ettdcs Com.Ut.t.oo warn.s that J.Jrt:tedi.a t e consideration mwJt. be given to upw3rU nWr:r a.d~t~t.monto in eountlol'le cor:muni t.ioa in order to c.vert \1holesnle wi U\drawal of trained t.oachero !roo the profosaion.

1'11'10 UU Code of Bthiet tor Teachers pro­vides that. 'a cont.ract once aignod ohould be faithl"ull)' adherod to unill

1~ i1 dissolved by nu~ual consen~ ' (Artiolo II1 , Section A) , but it a.lso provides that ' t.ee.eh\lll eho\lld i.ruist. upon a eul.&r)- echodule co:::cansura.te wi t.h tho ooci.al d0011ndo aado upon it' (Artielo m , Section 5) .

~1~h oevcral hundred teacher~ on str ike at. t.ho present and aevet•al ~houaand pupUa out. of clanerooma bocause or o t.ri a itl echool s)·.otcms ovor the na tion, t.he Ethic a Coo;U. t.tee expNeeu deep concer n ovor t.he outlook tor eduoaUon as livin& coac.. aQ-roc.ka t and AI t.he arttiGU&t.ed achool ~ structure• collapse. N

II'•DUIIUIUI

INT'"..RCUL'!URAL 001/r'"llrn<:ES PI.Amre!l

to ita .,..,.,.,... in th1a field ~rin&

1946-47. Several coQ(oroncoa wtt.h educatora Jn various pa:rta o! the country will conaldar Wlj"'.s by 111\ich intorgr<~U.p tricntl1hip can be tootcred in school and co:r:amit.y. On Oaceobor 1 the Cocr.ia.don apon!orod a r'ldio broadu3t in cooperlt.ion rllh tbe

National ConJ'erenco •t Chr1et.ione and Je•a on lltw Yorio: Station fllXR. Spoaker o included • Cetholic, A Jow1 And a Proto$tant .

Tho COJmdseion • t~ a.ot.ion pronro'TI in this tiol d includoo:

--u.udies and r eports by a tpecial COJ::IIdtt.cte on hw::an brothor)W)od and underata.nd­lna, Dl&n !moa t 0 . Welb7 of tlo• York Univ«rotty, ch.lirt:~~..n

--repor t.e or auccoutul t.oocl'dnG pract-icea, euch u the recent. Wllot.in Uor e Than Tblerance

•-actJ.ng e.a 11•11on tor t.ho t.oaching protesaion with i ntl.iv iduab and organiu­tiono working in Lhh tiold

---enoouragine at.at.e and l oc.al teacher s groupe to pe.SD r eaolut.iona and taJc:e action pi"OOIOting in~rgroup oducation

-o- oring ""r kohope and oonferenua on 1n~rcl'ltural •~cation .

.)

'I'EACH?J!S UNUEI\ ATTACK

Activit.ios ot t.hr,; l>ftfonso Comdsaion in beha.l! of teachers unJustly tr&a ted wor e approved by the. Corr.dssion ' tJ ~xeoutive nroup at it-4 recont ooot.ing in l1c.shin&t.on . Ar:iong curl'Cnt case., tu·e t.he toUo·.'fi.nss

~egas , New Uexico- - Tho Deferl3e Cofll'!l.i.ssion and t.hB Uew lloxico Educnt.iona.l Associa tion ~ro r upparting tbt.l auit or aovornl unjus t}¥ disrnissod tonchers in ~~s Vogas County . Damage suits havo boon filed nnd vftorts ar a boi ng mado to bring the c~es ~ an ear ly tri91.

t!eCook , Nobrask'l .. -Last apring tho McCook schoolbo'\rd Arouo cd a storm of protest ''hen it. r EJfuaed to ri!inst... to throu to6chora <trho~ th'3 Defens e COJllllission and the Nebr askn State Education Assooilltion found, aft~r a e4.!"otul invtJstigAt.ion, t.o bttvo b o1cn unfairly dismissed. Tho Com­tr.ission pl.t Ul3 to issuG a n:1port on this M$0 in tho no:-:,r futur e .

Valley StrQlU'l , New York-'nle Conmbsi on is aiding .the UEA Tenuro Com·•d tt\1\J in i ts invost.igat.i on ot this ea!!u (ao•J pnsc 12 ot' tho DI':FF.liSS DUI,LETIN for o full occoun~).

~In cooper'Lt.ion l'fi t.h tho !.Llin~. 'foll.ch '!rs A.ssocio:tion th~J Coo­mission oft'er ud to su"''port the c11sa of a Mcrlno toachcr who Md been thre4t (mod wi th sUit by p.ar<..nts who chltrged thiJ t.e!\chllr tdth using cx.c~ssivo cor por nl punishr.::!...nt. Howov.>r , tho Coan.ission 1s b'lckine oi' tho co.sc, togethtJr with th~.J support. of th.:! UTA, htl.s appar ..:ntly cnuscd tho suit to bo doleytld or called off !,)nt.ircly.

Requests for i nvcstig~tion in a t l ea.st oigh t other cnses or WttehzR under attack are now und~ eonsidur~tion by tho Deftins~ Commission.

SIIAJJ. 71!! nTSCAIUJ OUR "stfl>.PLUS YOUTH"?

Their ueefulnees to '"'Ar Ct~ct.ori'l)s cono, thousc.nda ot uppllr teen-..'lge boys hava bocn rlung into thu acrnr>-honp in as h~pha1:.urd and W'\St\).ful n fuhion :t.s wo hnva dis­carded surplue wa r o.a: t ur ials o

Chll~7~elf.vo worl<:er a Aat.i:tnt o tJv.Lt aomo 2 million boys , 16 , 17, ond 18 ye!1ra of ag-o, ar a rrArki.ne timo-bolri.ldor odJ fruetro.t.cd, idle . You.ngo t.<Jr s nouring dr-.o!t. age ar e unwnnt.ud by f.YIIpl oyar s •.•ho reru~m to t.r.tin 11 tumpornr)·~'~ m'lt<lrif\l o l4any youth who l eft. school undtJr ttpt~. triot.ic" pr assuros .OX.Qr t.od by OU.ainoss or li!IOney- hungry par ants now kaenly r ogrot their l a ck of a cliplornn. Th&y rorort t ha t high-tJchool gradui'ltes havo fir:st. choice on UlA f <P.w joh!J .:.vailhbl e . S till ot.her-4 don't. wnnt t.o return to Mgh­!~Chool which thoy now r "'g')rd as "kid stu:tr o" CoUC!g<:.e nhl tfving veter '\na the fi-rst breAk so l;.hott. tho vt~Wrf'n' s ~·oungt}r 'brother finds that door closod in his f ace with tho -pr-ospect t.hnt. it. 'lflll r o.'"1.'lin shut. t'or yonr s to como .

SUOC~TF:D ACnml:1ho D&t on'o Comission bolir.-ves t.ha t. tho n~tion hM tho a3me r Qspon!\ibi.iili"to thosll "ra turnin&'' child l abor·)rs Uu.t. it. hAs to tho W9.r vtlttlto.ns, and fedor.U a.ssist.eneo in oarJ")'inC out t.hi-s r ssponsibllity it~ oqunlly needed and justified . All boyo and girl:J s hould be cncour'lgcd--.and given ~t;udont. aid if ncee.s­sAry'-t.o continuo t.he ir education e. t l eut until t hoy a re 18 yoo.ra of age . Yet 28 ~t.at.Q~ still pomit. young.st.ors to le.o.vo school at. &i{e lli. To&cher~ should mako special plana t.o meet. tho niWda nnd intor ast.o or u.numployod youth and to attr 3C t. U'lem b.1ck to hish echool.

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6 .

,susrtjtm?l AXS

trene R. 1 aocrot4-zoy ot tJle atftt.e clllurocm t.en.cherr.~ UIIOCia.tion o..nd leader in a bet.t.er- ularies campaign aponuorod by 1'\o.r loc.al tel'l.chers group, writ.ee t.hat. eht hll signed a 3-ye•r contract wiLh hor ochoolboard. nlua th~ dreaded axe or die~oel which has boen ha.nc;in,e over her h .. d tor the past. year ha, bGen t ceporarily IUIJM:ntt.d, Howovor, U' ehe contirNoa her leat.rthip in proto.oslonal or ga.nit.ation, aht my be tac1nG t.ho SllttC tl\reat..s &gait'l'.

•I W!lnt. to t.hank tbe Defense Co::nUalon," Miaa R. writ.e.a, •!or the help you ha'f't giver. our t.e&ch.ors in t.neir roctnt. eucctllt\IJ. ~~ to rai_ae teachers aalarltl . Knowing that. -we cou1d call en the Catntee1on tor belp gave ua ccral au.,pport.. "

for her own part in the c.aapa.l,gn W.11 R. auttere1 both c~elcn and hardship. trhen 1he led a movement to pet.it.ion t.he echoolboard. tor a coat.-o!'- Uvin& reiae aht •aa ch3rgod with being -uncoopera.l.ive" and t.r41\1terred to anotber bu.lldin&• ?'then al\e au&gest.ed an in:.part-141 :surv.,- or achool coat.a tho wa.s warned t.hat. unleaa her "'hoaltb• improved &he would be consirlerod unti~ tor tho class~.

She did not prote~t. the t.rnnet&r--nor did che ooue her xork in t..he usociat.ion . She waaJ haweverJ greaUy worried ,,t, tho ttlroat. or incot:Lpetency oinee hor board h:ad a nraet.iee of putting teach6rs on halt aul.A.J·i~• 1fit.hout. previous notice. ThitJ dOI'XI t.ion mi&ht ba to r phyaical or r~ant.nl lncompct.ency "or any incompetency Ulat. Wo board wishes t.o <teoll:lre . "

ll"r ot.'lte did not have t.enur-o . She " "' heraelt over 50 ;,"'e&rs or age and worried about. securing ennloyment elaewhero. Ytt courd~"'OOusly she refu.aed to fd,ve up h~tr "rlrht. to be wrong" and to t&kt pra••t. in tt.o act.iviti'' of her teachers group.

r.(\l:r:J¥T: M.y threat a~in.1t. an 1nt!1vidu.a.l t.nche:r becJ\u~e or her aeUon tor bot.t.~r aat&rlea or working eondlt..ion.1 11 bot.h un,Ju.st.illed an1 unprofessional . 'ftlo J)efeNie Cocahaion and t.he ~J are aofvoc.t.Jn,t a YirOJ"'Ue aa.l.a.ry drive t.hroout. the count.ry and ar. urging st.at.e and local uaooiaUONt t.o c.Uo ev'Jry ertor t to iner .. at uact-.ers• a&Larie::s . 'Dle Coftliuion will give every possible coooerat.iotl anl'l backin& 1n auch errort..s. .. ......... ..,..

HICII!'Ill!l'!!l FllO!J STAT'l P.LOCTJOIIS

Descr ibed &a probably t.he moat. import-ant tdueot.ionel proposal ever LO appoar on • baUot in t.Mt. stat.o1 an amencb~W~t. wal) approved at. tho Noveoher gener"l election by CtJ.itornia'a four million votero which will co fe. r to put the schoola or t.hat. at-at..o on a aound financial baoia . Amons oUter J>rovialons t.he &r.lendt:ont. includes a. r.tini.mwn ~~Jalan• or s:u.oo tor ttll t.oahiO.,a' st.at.e aid to kindertart.ena1 and at.at.t aupport. or echleat.ioo on Ute baa1a of per pupil per year.

Coruot.iwl.i<>nal .....,d.."l01l1.41 dosi&~~od to =••~ ~ho crHicol noods of the ochoolo woro &lao ar,.proved. in leiehiganJ OklahOIIIl, Ut.&h1 and • .,..t.. 'lirgillia. l;e.aderahip in t.hl ca:apaigna was ass~ed by t.ho at.at..t education Naoci&tions . I

ftlaconain deteat.e1 an &Mr\c:bent. t.o provide ror the t.ran.aport&tion of children to and !raa fll\Y peroch1&1 or priv&t.e echool.

SUfll'Sl'!:Il ACTIO!I: In view ot tho ,2400 a1n1aw woao p&uod by C&U!orni&, lachor orsaniz•Uona are aclvi eed to rtcon.lidtr a.1.n.1a1:a .aa• lawe in their atatAe in the hope t.bat. numerous ot.hor at.&t.•s will follow Calltorn1a'a l .. d 4.lrinc t.!w coa.ln& aaeliona or their legislat.uroa.

·. 7 .•

SCHOOIS CLOSED , PLAY$PO'!S STILL OP!ll

schooh in varioua part.a or t.he country were forced by the coal ehort.age to remain closed after tho Thanksaiving holidoy. I n Denver 76 public school buildings wore reported closed; in BalLimora of!iciala said 7 achoole would have to close by Jan­uary 1. llut, an pointed out by tl'!-..e 8alt..Lwre Board or School Superintendents, macy othe r activi$-iee such aa sports or a.&11JaeQOnta r emAi,ned open.. A mom.ber of the board added, ""1/o havG not heard of a s ingle pool parlor or other place of amusement eloa-

\ ing its door s ."

'The board asser ted, "The school s stand ready to do their share and render lull co­oper-ation, 11 but added1 "In a der.~ocra.tio nation our schools and colleges cone:titut.e ou r bBsic: strengt h both in pooca and war, and we will be able to meet our political, social , and economic r eapondbilltiea only to the degree that. we l.'lt.rengt.hen and not weaken that. on which out" stability relles . Sohooltt , theref ore, should be ~ubject.ed to special re.st.rictions only after re.s trict.ions have been appliad to activiLieo which are l ess ~rtoct.ivc .••

AN APl'LE FOR TI!Z TEACHER

'Te achers 'lfho a r e discouraged by low pay and, in oany places , l ack of public appreciation of the impor tance or teaching, may got a ''lif t" out. of t.h~ foll owing advertisement which has appeared wi.t.h l ocal !SpOnaorship in 8 number of }!ichigan, Indiana 1 and illinois newspapers.

'lltc advertisement i s a direct out.gr o·xt.h of the edncaUon-industry conferences sponsor ed several year, ago by tho 01)f8MO Comnission and the llational Association of J.!anufacturcrs . I n setting up the meetings the Co::rnis!liOn worked with Henry E. Abt of N.A.U. Now Mr. Abt. is oa.naging director of Brand Naneo Foundation and is the au thor of the a.dvert.ieeme.n t. r epr oduced bel ow.

Wetve Been Meanins to S~ Thia t.o You Teacher s for a I4{is Time

'Jhe ind'-.Js t...ries lis t ed on t.hia page manu­facture products in Branch County (Cold­water, Michigan) . All ~er tho worl d these products stand tor skUl!ul work­manship and hi@)\ ot.andards or i ntegrH:;.

In a very r eill sense thay s t.and tor you and your- teachings. All of the be.st you. have taught is i n these products .

~anir' s the t.ime you' ve slaved att.er t;;ehool to help John.ny undcr.stand how "x " can equo.l the numOOr, • , or to help &.!ary eooprohend tho imnor tanca of precision .

Tho Johnnie• and lfaryo you have ~Aught a r e the men and l'l'omen whoee intelligenea and faithfulness t.o ot.andar<b give meaning to t haae brand names and t r ademarks .

"\"'her evcr thoso JWnC$ go, t hey s tand tor tho bes t in all ot us , 1n pl ae.cs t hou.sand.s

of mil es away 1 they !!! Branch County, doing i ta pr oud part in t:.he service or hu.rnan needs and happiness .

This is our way ot s~-ing to Branch County t.eschers, 11 thanks 11--0\!r own thanks and t.he t.h&nke ot e\'•tr)-one everywhere who enjoya the ~ and ult.ima.t.o bonotit or your teacll1ngf. . ,~

Signed: llict••• t Poundry, Dougl as t.trg. Co. 1 D.lo Coach Co., Homer FUrnace and Foundcy Corp. 1 HcXenzia IJilling Co . , Bronson Reel Co . , Bronson Tool & Die Co ,, Coldwater !lai ry eo, L,A, Darling Co., Pra tt 11/e . Co . , 'luilHy spring Proflucts Inc . , C, ~ke 'L!uller Industries, Regallltg. Co., 1&, T, Shaw, Inc . , Sohatter ~ltg , Co . , Nortborn Uich, 1!4chino Tool Co., fTsnels Equipment Corp. , Foderal­llogul Service,

I

8.

CHrCAC.O•s NI':.V liOARD llAIIS SECRZT I!B'l'rrNCS

IYitJo oppol.totJnent by 11-.'yor Edw'U'd Kolly ot oix new noaoaber o to t.he Chicoco Bo•rd ot &tt.acat.ion, prospect s arc good tor t.ho 1Chool rllfonu out.linod by U'le l!U\)'Or'• comdt.t.ee ot coUogo pr1.11ldont.a. 'nl, OOIIIIIit.teo ' • roport., made public 1n ~no, f ollowed cloeel.y the roco.amendctiona ot tM NEA netonao Co:mdsslon buoc! on its invuUgaUon of Ch104£0 ochoolA , Al t.ho t.he lll)"'r '• caDit tee ur&ed !.hat t.ht on tire bo"l.rd redgn in order to give tho achooll a "ol.O&A slst.o, • tivo taithtul tollo•on ot t.htt .John&cn-4(cCahey regi.Do 1 inoludin& Ch&innn lt~ey, rtitusod to quit..

It to t.oo oorl,y to t.ell llhAl tho now acbora' attltudo 1dlJ. be t.c:nnrd school retorw . Tot. all ora repre-scnbt.ive dti&ON rocca:acmdod tor tho Job by a. epocial nc.dn.::.Unc comJ.ss1on. '!'hc7 c.re:

Urs . Harry 1! . Jlulborry1 proaldont., Woman'• City' Club Charles J . Whipplt'J, cha.irmon, Kib'b&rd, Sp~<::oOr, Bart.J..tttt., & Co. Joh.tt D:>horty, int.;:rn!lt.iol\"tl r ,rpr oaent.lltivo, Unit.dd Stool Workora

of Ao~ica, C.I .O. Urs . Clifton UUqy, vicc-proeidont., Illinoi,e Lea~ or Wooon Votoro ~Ulllam Bachrach, odUc'Ltion.ll cllre~ctor, Cbicago Tec:lmical. CoUeso D'r'. Itnlo F'. Volini, h3nd, dt J)ftr t.oill\t of modi cine , Loyola Univcn-d ty

At. ita fir st. m~ctin,g Oetobor 9 t.ho I'I"'W boord votod to elimin.."\ t o tho "prapublic" mootine fonoorly hold in tho pro•1don~ ' c ortico, to bring al l diacuooion to tho n oor ot ~ho pul>Uc cluunber, and to r.10d1ty t.ho ...,ibua ayot.co or votina . All t.hooo r ororrn.:J h.ad buco rccomcndod in t.ho USA rooo rt..

'J'hu board 4l3o nancd a co!r.itt.eo \.0 ot.ud7 the nood tor incr eased toaeror.o ea.lJ\riOI and a ca:r.dt.t.ae to raeor:r.end a new ouporint,(,;.ndo.Jnt..

MUch a.ro •tdo-

"'Wo 3rO in 4 b:~.d eituaUon in our count.y. Wo havo about. 50 eoergency t.ecchera M d a large porecnt ot these Mvo had no colleg\1 t.ruinin,g:. The mjorit.y of t.h• 9re doing (\ poor Job, but it. w"' nocoa1ary to twpl oy t.bam or close tho achools . I st.o.rtod l.tl.at. Chriata.."l.e in M .. .11-out uttort to aecuro t.otLchors . I wrot.t all ot t.ho collegos in fiv~ ot1tu1 nnd ell or tho tORchur aaencioo ~• tar woet. oa t.ho lrliasissippi l:t1ver1 but without. roeul t.a . n.o highost. salnry paid toachor. in this county, with n collago dogrot, ia $150 per oonUl tor 9 montha . Tot~.chera wit.h a J.Saot.er•a dcgroo got. 11.0 moro por oonth .

"1 havo vi51tod All our hi£,h achoole roco:ntl.y and urged the ac:.nior:t t.o pr-opart thcselvea to t.ench. I h~vo etnly ono boy 1nt.eroeted Md no sirle, but a!t.l.r I left. ono school a t..mior c~o to .. '\nd et.ll t.ed she lfOUl.d llie to co t.o coll•c• a nd propor e horoelr to t.ooch, but her f&t.htr told her \Jl>t 1r tho~d no ooort aab1Uon t.h3il a doo•1re to tt~h 1chool in t.hU •tate, I» would not oont.ribut.& one dooU..r to her oduc•t1on, b<r7<>nd ~h •chool .

•u 10• will c>ko a careful ·~ or t.ht pollticel 10tup in tMo etAte, l t.h1nk JOU ..,,, • .,.,., detinitol¥ to t.ht ooncluaion t.htt •liT of t.ho poUUoiane """ not IJ'o.&t.l11nt.crest.ed 1n oduc.aUon. 'Ktap tcn du::lb, And you oan tool ••1 t•

"HOW CAN A 'IEACHUI affor d not to bo • oombof' ot t.he N&t?• w.u tho quoation uppermost in ay lllind ao I llotono<l to the diacuaeions during tho recont mu t.ooti"ll in Buffalo and as I 1:10rs tully cocprehoodod tllo vt.ot work being dono by t.hat. or ganization tor tho t.e3c:hera and children or ou r coW'!.t.ry and even of the world.

'l!lo tiro~ """ti"ll I a ttlondcd so-d to ee t. tho et..1go tor all that. followed. It. W6 .S t.he open tteet.!na ot the Otftnee Comiaaion.

It ••• thrillina to hoar how We Con:do­oion has ~idod toachcrs in caece or un~ot. diom1ooo1 in tho Chicago ochoola, Oklo­hom&, Md olaewhcro and. to hoar 80110 Of t.haoa toachora expros.5 their app1·acio. Uon to t he Conllliio-eion. Tho r eport also included contoronces hold in 17 st.atos (includi"ll South CaroUM whoro representative lAy leader. QOt w1~h e~ora of the teeching proteaaion tor ~ 1nt'on::ta.l 1nt.crcMnga or vicwa . --lJol Loo Daniel of Creenvllle1 in SoutJt Cn.rollM «""•' Nov . 191.6.

SCHOOL P:PLE CAN'T BE BOUOH;'l ./

0 ib1y the Arroit • s n tor wdvo;oe s, wl\1ch ri.. bo proaanted to Con&Naa in January, 11 a eocp:romiae propotal to ~•t. eoce ot t.be objections which o<klc•t.ore Md other groupo raised durin& tho lu t auaioo . ActuallJo tho J.ray 1o 6-eo~ths pl&n is a Y""r • a plan an<! is not au!>­• V.nt4l.l,y cht.nged.

Under tho bill all physicall7 tit JOU1 ...n ..,uld be r>quiretl to porton:a 1 y..,r•s alll.k'U")' ctJty . 'l!lo obUsation could be discharged by aorv1ng a you in a traini.ng c(!..':lp or 6 aont.ha' acUvo t.ra.inin.a; plus the "oquivalont." ot an additional 6 oontho in N>~1onsl Ounr<l, HOTC, or Reserve aurvico.

In of!ect this bill puts highor oduC$­tion undor the cooploto control nnd dict.A.t.ion of t:.ho War Dopartmont.--(L domination never roootoly oontomplotod be!OJ"ie in the history ot tho M t.ion . EVery college thnt went.s mon et.udont.l aust coapl,y !dth tho provision or \J>O bill by proTiding !1)1t t.ra.inins or cort.<lin coursos approved by tho Arqy. Othondao c!raft.ces 1dll not be allow to attend .

'1!10 Arqy hu Uunchod 8 c""'1"'4n to &ot tho poople and Corli!NSS N Ody !or !DradisiA7 nct.ion on peaceti.cb eonscripUon when Conc.roaa convenes. the ali"C or lua Olllinout. act.ion ot tho ~ Buroau in rotuaina t.o Gpp_rovo tunds fOUedorn:e:ra to c4ica­

'"t:talriiilt.l:(U';i:iversal cllit.Ar7 tr.uni"ll 11M 6omi sot up, is a clo~ ""rning to I oduestuz" o1tllo st~• -.d. IIU<Ito~ Director Wobb, 1dthllo1ding ondora..,.nt ot t.n.-lltrn-nT-Ilorse-Peppor bllr to aubsidilo oduoaUon, said tho Aa:dniatrsUon bjll a pui"C3n"'t progrM or univorsal 1>111tAry troining a.tot llovo first priority, wHh oduc~Uon then to bo "considered in r•lat..ion to onnctoonts r o.spocting rUlit.tuoy training. 11

oow:mr: 'Iho aetJ.o.n ot tho Buctaot Buronu ~Y ho.vo as cne ot 1 t.e pu.rpoaoa t.o coorco echool peopl o who ~or federal aid to oth\catJ.on to keep on t..M ioeuo ot mU.l.tory trsini"ll. our opinion, but will 4op1oro euch t.acUc.s &s do aning · unUl tho mUJ.~ory tr"Wn& bill has boon diapooed

~TED AC!'IO!I: Beg1nning now tllo tight aa&inot poacot.iloe conscription a~at be ) ) waged wit:ll !\ill rlcor. 'l!le llofcnao Comiuion urgea teachers ond othoro IIIlo are opposed to cocpulaory cllitAry treinina to JOt their Tie.., to thair NpruontAtiYoa 'b•tore Congress convone.s 1n Juu.ary.

£~ COW\IL'ia!'f l!ll.lTART 'IRAI!m:n 10.

,.. d<!"•elopcMnt or ecient-itic ir.stru­·~·t.s in modom w-arfare h.av• cade Mar ao doslrucclve or lito and proper!.; t.II&L ever:; o!fort. auot. bo .utto t.0 deer~»•• t.hs possibilit.:r of lt.e recurrence. 11ut llat.ic:.r.al ii'Aucat.ion Asoociat.ion !lt.ilnd:.~ r or t.no intornru .. S.onal t'ar:tueUon i n anna, .. ment. t.hru tho Unit.td Nat.ion3 and i s op­posed t.o fl.tl.V unnocerJJlU"Y ptllaont. notion whicn ·dll l utcl t.o nn int.firn&t.ior.al. ama­:t.ent rae? . It. tavora Ute intt"rna.Uorntl. abolition o! conacription o.'l<l cilit.ary t.ra!nl.no;.

01\d 1\.lo.lt.ll trainin& 1n our achoola , Cor t.h• provialon or nde.quatA uduc.at.lon tor nory ~urican youth, lor th .. dvvdlopuent. or >ddcspr oad sciontific >nd ~ ... !mico.l akiUa, tor GCiuntitic r~eonrch, 01\d for the underotendins of und l oyalt; ~ Aner­i<IN\ domocraciea o.nd libt.~r tieo thN llY.­p.antUng t.hu scopo aud i.J:Irrovil'\8 th~ qul'll-1~ of ~~ric~ oduoation.

TM t:~tJon.&l educ.'ltion .Uaoclt.Uon, whil.& favoring th'l r oductJ.on or orai!L-'I~t. ,nd t.hJ ol1ain:1Uon o! war, la d·Jepl.r concerned trit.h t.he prot_ "!Ct!on of our cou.nt.:ry and

CntU such t,!:,e as dependable intern&- t.h.l aoretunM.ine of our 11bort.1ue and tional acroor.ents can be reached for d~r~ey, not. only thru noc;toar,y aili· t.he r oduet.1cn or t.l\0 posaibWty of •ar, ury pro'Villons , but. &lao by t.h dov·~lop­t.ho t:at.ion&l S"iucaU.on AuoeiaUon favors lll.fJnt. Md ccnt.im:"Ulcn or a oound tJCOnov ~dequat~ ~roparodnoaa for tho nrcscrvat.1on ~d by a depcn~Ance upon int.trnQt.ional of cur nAt.i.oflttl .nocu r it.y . Such SP.C::urit.y coopor"lt1on, goodwill, " ""' und~t:st.anding, r ests not ont)• uro, r.'IUiUlry forco but. rrt t..lw r t.hM upon forcv and int.im.J.dt~t:.ion . upon •he ho&lth , Yno~l~~r,~ , ~kill, r ro­duct.iveno:!sa, and loyalt)' nr our· -.!tlt.iro population . r-ro" t.llo slandpoin~ o! oili­t.ary s'!C-urit.y· and prot.ect.io:~ t.hu 11n1t.cd St.at.es needs a nodorn navy, a lar~'l, long-ran~o air !'(ltce, e.nd a 1-.ignly t rained prot~ .. lonal a~ 6U~plicd with Lhe cost. acdurn uquir&"nt. .

Tt.e 1\at.lon..al ~ttC&t.ion Auoc!&t.iO:l be-

Thr' t~h0\18 l"t.<tlocncnta n.r 1 baa• d on Neolu­t.iOnl &dopt-..J b:;· t.h~ d·,l~r.l\t.•. •as,F-\bly o r t.ho Ur.Uon'll F.cbeat.ion Aa:JOCb.t.1on at. its IJuCtnl.o convonUon July 1946. Th. follow­ina quoutio:'LS C'rocD r la.olut.iont uo a.r­rN\"' d toT"le.Ul;;!.

lieves th:lt compulDOry p6lt.Cet.ir-o lllll i- 'J'h~ t:1t.10Ml Ed:lcat.ion Aaaociat.lon favors t.ary t.ro.ininJ; io not necua~ary tor cur ,. mod4rn n.:..vy , o. 1.::~ r.co a1r tore• , r.nd a national Jefun!IO under pr<Jscnt. condit.iorus h1rhlY t..r;~.inod an:'ly Adoquat.u t,o 11100t tho and h not an 1n:st1t.ul.icn cor.tpat.i blu wit.h dor .. n5o nooda of our oount.ry . Th1 Auoc­tho Americun t.ypo or domocrac::y . It. tHJ- 1,t1on 1e rlmly cor:oit.1.ud to t.h•) sound lievas tho.t. t.ho contJ.nuence of such train- d""Nnri(l ot our cou.nt.cy o.nd t.o t.ho atr one-ing ovor • conald.,rablt.J nucl>t~r ot yc11r 1 t,.hlll\ing or it.:s econocdc , eoc1Al, end otill taad to t.n• aaoo t.unctencr t.o•ard apirit.w..l. wol.l.bein.g • .. unm ... 1n tho Uni ~.d s to~.. t.hac coo-pulsory conscription btr.d in '"'..z-...a,ny and ~ t.ho brat. de!'er.:soa 1n rr'-·pan.t.ion Japan. J:oat. or t.ho rar'l. l~r,ant! church tor ~ t'ut.ur• 'Wf\1" would b\1 tJ.u d~valop­org&nitat.iona or thu t'nit..td St.at~s aru also ~t. or o $0W'Id econo:q, provialon t or oppc>3tsd t o compllaory oilita.J')"" trainino;. ad•oquflW: pr-o&:":JU or o-&lcat.ion 'l.nd h~&ltb

tor ill poOf>l•, the rropllJ'-~tol"l "of-~..._. Th• cost. o! wch t.rtdrdn;; nt."\e i nto bll- nw:lbor e ot t.t#Chnie:t.lly t.r a1nt"l cit.1tttns , 11on."' or dolll\rtl por f tAr •. ~u ~ost; in t.ho !oa t. ... rin~ t.ttd uxpaneion or t.horo sdditJ.on t.o n .. c•unr,; r.dli t.orrpr<:lparo.t.ion aoir,n\.ific i nv(JstiP-:at.ion, t.ho eliminl\­would bu .:.o P,r aAt. t.uf\t. !n All probah1lit.)t t.1on o r door.at.ic 1njust.ico8 &nd group t.h4: Unit.od St\t.fta C<'~uld not. otford.,. to pro- contlicta , ,.nd Uttt duvdlopllk..(lt. or nA-vido ad;tqUI\1.0~· tor t.h~t othor atcurtt.y ticnll unity. nuods ot t.h.o ewnt.ry. Tn., V"tount. or oon(t)" rtJQW.red tor com.r'!Ulaon· mllltary t.r ainlnt • oold provide ~• with ~a~ch nor o:J adoqu_at• nalior.al dt.:Cenact 1t uaod Cor =-~cal carr.

1l\, rl'\t.io,..l F.duc11t.ion Aeaool"t.icn be­ll V'» in t~~doqu&U. prcrparodnaea tor the J)!'WUJ"Y.l\tion O ( our Mt.lon&l l~rity.

(Ccn~ilxled on following !>'II•)

from pr ocodin& paga)

••curi~)' root. upon tho physicAl ..-.-.,urc>r. se1,.nt.1!1c knowloclgo, t.eehnic~l

civic r Japonalbllit.y, o.nd :d.ll-t.a.r-y coepotenc4 t.h~t reaido in our eit.i­zc.:ns .

Co.rneul:~cry l!ilit'\ry n-"\inins

'.'i'e l ook Hit.h conco rn on thlj prop<>anl to adopt l.mlodiat oly o oyeW.-. of univoro:>l co~ouloory milit'ry tr• ining which is for oti£0 to our ccunt.cy1a p..u t pr ac Lice AAd 'lllt-.ich 1o a nuobu ot countries h.la r e.sult.A::d 1n thu croatJ.on or po-crtul alli­~,.. pollticu cliquoo , dapcn<lllnco on ..ui­t.!.ry roreo1 and t.r~daus econc:a1c waato.

Coopuloory ..ui W I")" t r11in.in;; carri..-1 thru sever~..l cen..r a tione c.ight. well tt-.ra"lt.om the b:lsie concopt.e ot ou r dOOOCl"'1Cf Md

u . crcatu attitudes ""ich lli?ht .Or u eaoil)' inv<llve u in ""~.

RodUcticn in ~t

A otrcnel;r ouppor wd ~nit•d N tic no Org'!.ll­iut.ion '1dll inaut"\o {\ r wduct.ion in IU"CIIl­

naunt. and btusic ch.1.nt,t .. u!l iir our n'lt.iOM l do t ons o plena , llo!oro plunging into • world armament r ace or which coop.Ll.aory military t.rainl.ng h ' p.'lrt, it would b o wia• to dovol.cp ot.rong inwm>tioMl laws , a<binis tared thru a powortu.l United N>tiona Orslni~'tion,

11o ahoul.•l ~o tOO fo .ra i<:r.odh toly -.head to .. , oH k t.hnJ tho United lb tiona ('l.,...~mzat1on t.ht;~ int.~;:rn"lt.ionU obollt.ion ot conocriptlcn :~nd t.be r ,Jduc tion ot ILt"!:l.Mbnts .

BOARD ll!:l.!ll?.R riSKS lf!'!A TO DIVF.S1'IGA 'IE

CitiOR "=.bout. ' dot.~n c"lsea" ot wach .. rs rtrod by ~htt$0Yd-of eduo'~ t.ion in a cnll wetat1rn cH~t withou t Q)Q\l:mat.ion or r oviuw, '\ n.r.b-Jr ot the bo":rd ot:Jka th > Ov! t.:nso Co::xr.iuion to inv<atit;•te. 'Ibn city hos " poi'Ul,tion ~J:/.POO '\nd is in ·• at.nt.o which tus no t..er.ure l "l,~tlaUon. Ho st.!te:s that. ho U a physlci'!n --.n1 it ont ot two bo&rd. 6r.bea cl..)Cl..ltd by a clt.izon.s cc:c:it.t.e• 111'\o ClN d..,t rdned to ":lc~ t.hl.nr,a up. " Alret1;r r t.sicno\t.lon or ll "dict.atorit.:.l rrvt u.nauiUbl- su~i.."lt.. nrl.!nt.• h'tl btlln obt.:llned crr«:t.ivll Jr.nu'\ry 11 191.7; sa-er •)t. bo3rd n .. ott1ncs Mvo b<l.Jn cboll.env-1; t.Mchvrt e-Uurios have b~e.n r.l.il·.d on1 nGw contra.ct.a will b.:t bu..t on a aurv ... "Y now undcJ"'~JQ3' .

43 a tes t caao t.hu board l::l.;:.··'lh'l!'r asks th1 Ccr.a.hoion t.o inv .. stig,t t" t.ho following "p3rticulllr ly nasrant" vxn.:otplo . He writoo t

~ t.N::.chor •Jna l e t out a.t t.or 17 ,Vo~Clra• "WOrk ttithout. oven n l ut.t QJ" o f dis!Usso.l. She ai~ly r ccuived no contr.ttct. e nd tho auporintandont would not oxplain wcy, Shu '"" rotwJod o r t..vlc:w or her oue by the bonrd ot t.h'\t. )'\t"~"· Shlil h.l.s t.ho unqu&lifiod "lj>provo.l. of P".re!lW ' ·ncl or tha locu coll~g• prof"110or • ho eupe.:rviaud her critic W&c.hin& .ark. Sh;;s wi.ahee ruinst.~~Jnt ••• .

"()no of tho principles "" ho!>O to oa t<lbllah fo r a U tine in ou r town 1o t.h.'\ t. 11 good t.o'\ch"r ot lone et.·nd:ing rnr not. bo tired or 't.bulo.~d in som othor •14:1 o.'\t. t.he wh.l."ll of t.hc supo:rin­t.cndtmt., or tlr1t. a t l•.l.et. th• cao• ah\ll b,. eubjllct to r.-vi~J" by tho bo•rd. •

CO!IUENT: '!ho Dofonao Co!nioaion is cnkinB prolinilllry inquiry • nd it conditiona warrant. will 1nvo.t.1g\ t.o not cnl.y Utu W1t. cue but othoJr coa,l.«-int..e which t.ho beard he. rol\J.aod to .-.viow. Unoxpl'linod clia4daa~ or 1.2 t..aeh""• in • om 'Ill co:>­auni ty 1 even nv•r A ,,eriod ot ya&r5 , 'Would bo QX'troaely dl:llging to t,h., oor!\l..J of

tho •ntire t.naching ataff and to tho w4l!aro or tho achoola .

VIT.U. I'J!niC!PI.E AI .~TAKE 111 VAUJ!X STI\ZAI! CAS!I

Althoufth 3he held' given 8 veara ' oat.ietact.ory eorvico as a t.eacher in t.ho Valley St.rettr=, New York, eehools , ami boe&uao ot t.ho p&3sage or a new at.ato toflurt ll\w 'IllS 9lig1ble for permanent. etatue t.hh ywar, lira . Suaa.n Edward& waa awtr.ar ily diomisood by her •chool board laat ~~. No reason .. ,.. given by tM board and to this d.ly, ru.ny e10nths Ut.or, aho hu not. been given a chance to aru:wor cMrr.ee .

J.lr1 . Edwards' case was re!trrt"d tor inquiry to t.he JJEA Tenure Coerlit.tAe by the Nasoau County (!iew York) ClutTOOII Toachoro AssoeiaUon . The li!'.A Defonso Comiaoion was also a3ked to cooperat.o 1n the 1n•1oet.i,g4tion.

D.aring tho sw:r.er the Tenu·ro Ccelcit.t.ee aadt a pro.li..Q1.na.ry 1nvest1£&t.ion. Appa.renUr Lhe Valloy St.reao board bad t.lle legal righL to prevent ltra , Ldwal'lo !roo boccalng a pe.-nont teacher by rel'lloing to ro&ppoint her. However, Lho !:!:A hol.do thot ony t.eac:her •ho has been employed in &:\1 Cot:nllnit.y-•botna:r she is under t.cnuro or not.-­is cntJ.Ued before. beln,g diseharJSed t.O a t\rll at.-'\teoent of reaaona an-d t.ho ri~t to appear beforo the 'board tor dlacuaaing thoce ro.aaona .

This principle is vital to t.ho wolf6ro ot teoc;hrJrs evorywhcr u and h4a beat\ eupport..od for- ro.ny yaM's by the Tenure ComUt.teo, t.hG Oo!enao CoCI'llisaion1 and the ft!A.

'Mlo only oxplo.naUon for Hra . Bdwnrdo ' d1am1ueal. which the Tunur u Comdt.t.oe wno ablo to got during it<~ inquiry w-. th• vorbd o~t0100tt of • vico-pr incipal tha t ho "did not. c:ll'e to have her on Mtt t.oNn" buc&UIO of e di!tf#r anco 1n p4r10nn.litioa .

nt., TClnu.N Coor:Uttee !ollol·ting it. 1nvost1gat1on icaued a public. :st.&temilnt support­ins llrs . Edward$ ' right to a ho-.11\11 . Tho ch&iman ot tho Valley StrO&Ill schoolboard t.hcn notitiod llrs . Bttwards that ahe cil{,ht &pJ>'M'T be!'oro t.!-..e board to hear a at.at.o­l:k.:nt of r a.uons but that sho Wlls not to uk ouest.1ons or .ooenlc in hor own dotf'rtte. On advico of tJie Defena.~> CCim'!deaion lolra . Edwards retusod to u.pp~ unleaa ahe wu allowt:d t.o ooswer cturges .

All inforr.>Uon avai.Uble 1nd1catco Lhlt lin. Edqrds ._. a thorol;t eot:~p<~tcnt wocher l'otUI Lhio view b susL&inod by h.Jr ior.odiate appointnl'..nt to a hirhlchool 1n azwt.h.'r and a.~ch larger city.

J.v.es M. Balasson:J1 pr e.ddant of tho NA.f..W County Cla.soro<n Toachors AssociAtion, wrlt.e:s the Oofensa Comission ~~o.s followa:

"We in our way aro doing all • o can to bac;k up tho; i.nnonst'l)" grt~AWr mol"t'Ll prasou:ro which your Colrmiaoion enrl t.ho T\lnur~o~

Coanittot: &r& abl tJ to b04r on th.., rvh&bilit.ation ot tJ't:t . l:!dwa.r ds.

•ti'lo detect. sicn• t.h,_t;. t.~ach"ra orglln114tJ.ons ctl:Jewh•ll"...t in tlld eouni.ry aru .ntOving to oxert 'l'tl\&t influunco tl&O"J poseeso t.owar-d bottor st>nd..rds in thu J)l'OCUoOo O! hir1ng And firing t.oachars , Wo beliovo t.h!lt wo aro workine tcr t.h" general wlllt.vo of all """'b"'"• ot tho oducation>l profoDiion by b.ogi.nnin.6 1n our 0'1111 Uelc!. •

~: 'i'he TGBJN Cocaittoe t'.nd t.he Dottinao Co.:nlsd.on. 'rill contJ.nu.e t.bOir ottor t.e to obL&in Cor !Irs. Ed,_,,ru. a hooring bo!oro tho Vo.lley Str.>ao board ao Lhat oho •All bo ablo LO cle>r hersolt. U bcr diochlrsa io r ound to bo un11'1.l'rontod ehl abould bo reappointed i=edil\te}T.

.. . •

• l J •

Tho sooreta~; end associate seeretarJ repr~santed the Detan,e Cocninaion at the Uat.ional 1)'} !"-.fl)r-~nc:e for t.he Prevention and Control o! Juvenile Delinquency, held in "la:ohingt..on N' c.;vombe.r 21- 2) at t he eill of Attorntl'Y General Too Clo.rk. A t.howsa.nd or mor e spacial i:'!ts in all pha,:,es of c h.ild wel!a.1·.e wor e pr<Jsont. a.n tho il. t.Wrnoy Ccnoral opcn'lC: tlhttt ho called the; firDt. nat.iomd.de attempt to chart. a plan for prevent.in~ juvenile dt!linquancy in t he cor.rnunity.

<cot.inc tJ\c rBI report. on youth cr i.t:1cs , Clark a t.at.ed t.ha t. :

" i)Jr ing t.ho firs t. 9 monthe of this year, arr ests ot youth under 21 accountoed for 51. 1 parcant of all auto t.hoft.s, h2. !)Oi 'Cent of tile burelarics , 25. 8 percent of t.he robbol'i.Ga . Cocmc.rcd with tho sat:'le perio1 of 1945, arrcat.B of youths in tho 13 to 20 a.go ~.roup wore up 21.5 ~t'cwtt."

'nlc con.foronco t.hen spli t up into 16 panels to Ji3cuau various acpectts or t..he problom. 'nlt! panol on 'nlB SCHOOL .\S ;\ f'diW' 'J~'i'IVi~ AC::llCY out.linod the e chool• s r urf'old r ueponsibilit.y to;rard thtt t!olinque11t or potent.iall.y dolit~t~uent.:

{1} 'lhe school should plan .:m l.l.dot'illlite prohJ"&.'!I. ti.mt lit.s t.he noeJ.s of all Children GW1 r e.suJ.ts in w!1olesome W¢Wth anJ dovelOpi:Y>1\t

{2} It. should idont.ity tl'lo.so children who t~how sie.ns or bai:tg ousCO!)t.lblo to delinquent po.t.t.el'M of be-havior and t;lk6 pro!')Or praventive or r em-ld13l .mea:mr e!! t.o in:ru.re hotter adJustoent.

{ 3) It should worl.: oloslll,y with (J(lroot s and noi,·bhoril~".od .bnrlers to assi.1t t.he:n in bett'lr und~1·sta..rvling o! tha iJhU.viducl. chil tl "ltld to holn thee:~ rer;ove an;,' fac tors in tho ncl.t;hhor hood inir.dca..l. to c:nUd woltaro

(4) It oholtld eooperat~e r:ith nll corr.un!.ty tt.gancic.s ,...n1 rcsour co& in a eoor~innted plan1 brln~g thuir combinerl influ~nca to pl'y on tho individual child in such ...,ay U1at he '11ll r eceivo !l!l:d.r!w:t holp ~h~n ho naed:s tJ1e axpcriancce provide" by a part! :ulllt- flecncy .

OOl.?..'-:NT: 11'\c r l!pOrt on TilE sr:H<Y'L AS A. P'JU:,V7"l1'1VB .\G!JICY , which r.ill be available soon from t.he r.o•;tJrM~ent. Pl'inting Office , o-hould be studied by OV•lry ::.cOOol c roup in A.1.1erica . Tho J'fJport in grme.r&l PUppo:rt..s t.ho J)OGitJ.rn arfvonc<td by t.he Oe!l'lfl.!Je Conni.Mion for several year!t : that. pot"!nt.iall,y t..he schools have a Mjor part 1n pre..,tmt.in~ rleli nque.ney and th·•t. it e chcols wore pr ore::-ly or ganized and financed del inqueno:; could be roduC'ld as r.wch flO ?0 porco.ut.

rrn11a tho school pooplo in attendance at tho eonterenco ~tore t}lnoro.lly &v,roed as to U\e prL.1llL.rj L."'mOr t.anco of tho school in delinqu .mcy pl'ovent.ion, this vie\1J)Oint did not pr evail in C1e oth.:!r panel diccus:.:ic.n, , a:.co}lt. in the recrootJ.on oection ";;hleh did to so:w ext.ent. r ecor)lit.e t he echool1n cont..ribution . Tho f ailn.ro t.o r ocoP.nhe t ha t. tho school, a :J t he ono accncy having nll t·he childron unde r its care , i s of cent.ro.l impor~neo in tJte \Jelinqucncy problC=m is due pnrt.J.)· to t ho unwillln"l'lUtl or many school p9oplo t.o assw..o t heir r espOnoibil.i ty, partly t.o t.ho :ael!- inWres t of v(l.r ious o.goncio4 dea.li~ with t ho pN.bl(!Q, ouch une 'l'fantin4 n major _,har!l in the flolJ .

1

u. "IT COT US THINXnx; •••• ''

Postwar Contarencgt Ba~ch 2700 Leaders in 19 Statee

(

A tJontana buo.irlolosmin writ.ea : "'ft\e leadera' conterenee apennor ad by t.ho Defense eo,.-.,cl .. ion got ua Wnkin& and t.&lkin& about achool problecs- IU1d that h no • •••·ll t..hi.ne l "

LeaJ.ors' conferences on postwar probl.a &nd .&tcation, sponsored a1nt:e lat.e 1941. by the Defense C-omrlaskn and t.he et.at.e uaoe:iat.ions.., hAve reached .:>re t.h&n Z700 KO)' le•IC!ers in 19 at.&1.6s, At!Andance J'&rl&lla !roo 80 to 200 leaders, 60 percent of wt.oc are lay rep:"e.sentaUvea troa budneaa, protoasions, a..'14 eivie srouo., and LO percent .re -caters. Both ll1Meeot.& and South C&rolina have eponaored ttOO at.&t.e­•ide eonfe:renee.s.

RecanU:r tho CO<:DJ. .. ion aakod approxi&at.ely )00 participant< to note •continuin& bcnef'it.tt" r·rom the co.nterence and to eu.u,e1t 1nt>rovec.ent:.6 . Ot 91 replioa received, 86 reported that t.hey round t.he conference to be ttlnt.ereatin& and 'IOr tl•nhUe at. the t ime" and n:ore than halt Nport.ed euch cont.inuin,; bene.!it-s a.s:

•'Our auporintcnda:nt wns oncoura,n'ld to call i.n t.o'mtspeople to 60 over achool die tric t plano whi eh wor e app• ovod ond lad to pas• age or 2~ :>1ll1on-dol1a•· school bond iaauo"

"Lily groop$ , such as oen t e eervico c lub•, h.:lvo felt oore roapon:sibillt..)· tor oducat.ion and have tried to work MOre cloaely with eclJ.c&tiont\l lnrtore"

''C&used a distinct. t.w~Jo:oninlt on t.he part. or tJI.o ceneral publlc to pt-Oblcoe ot education. nwt waa r.rlect.ed 1n alnoat all c.u..UdAtea in t.h1.s aw:nor'• pri=ry deel.arl.ng ror -c&tional l.<lprov....,ta•

"Ct.la to realiz.e what an lnport.ant. p6.rt. tne schoolG play an-:1 bow &ch ln«&.et.ry depends on th~·

•rends to lmit. leadership elMent.l or t.he cocr.:u.'lity togelhar"

SUCG£STED ACTION: UJIIitad run<ta wUl. p~bly Cl&ko it neees .. ry ror tho lllronao COc;;tuion to end t.his aer-iee ot conrorencoa in the apring or 1947. St.aw ueocia .. t.icna which are intereated in hol d.ing a conference tshould write t.he Connbaion at. once 1n order to reterve a place on tho wint.tr-spring schedule.

lllllllUI'+iK<H

ON ]!IP. "Fll'lNO" I.l!IE\

11lEY COULD HIRE •l't.liCU 1!1EY PL!..ISI'll"-"thl.a apri~ ey •ehool board left.,. o•~ ontJ.rel,y in appointing nex.t y'ear'a att.tt1

11 writes a teacher troo lllinoie. "The =cr:bors save no &dYMce notiticat.ion •nd rto t'flllljOn ..tlatsoever, onl.)' t.h1e­ould hirs •hoo they plouect. " She h•d t.&u.ght tlfO y~ in t.he loc(61 I)"• twa )·eva in the at.at.e .

OOIAmlT: llhe.n a householder aot.& rid or an W1Wented dog b)· kickin& H 1nt4 the et.r.et. •• critieiu h1a •neN.lland report. hiD t.o t.he b!J.:an• oos!e!; WhAt can be aaid 1n de.ten:::e or a aehoolboo.rd whldl t.OI O:DIOO&dli klcb out a ch.er without. gi•in& h..,. aey ata~nt or reuona or aey ehanco to defend Ml"ff"lt? E•on 1r the teacher wu unfit ror the Job, comon t..anH,y tOOUld entiUe h&r to a hearlna.

'·

QJ'!roiS& t'UIID CROWS l S.

Several el &s5rooc teachers association• are ~aong r ecent contributore to the T'"..ACHi:RS OOF~lSE PUIID, which woo ott up '>y tho Defense Oc:n:tin i on end the Dop&r tmonL ot Cl&ssroom Teacher s to provide emergency a1d to teachers • ho ere viottma ot unjuet t.reat.ocnt. . Cont.ribuUona received durina recent weeks e r e:

ua .. au Count,y (N ,T, ) Cauroom n.&chera Auoeiat.ion ...... t/s Bi~ County (Ala . ) Toachero AuociaUon ............ 10 Dr. S. T. llcS'wa.l.n, proreuor of educat.1on,

?:Ortn..estern Un1ve,..1t.y, Evan.aton, Ill. • •• • ••.• .•• 10

su=T:!J AC':'ICY.:: II you W&:\L a ahara 1n building the '!ZACH:llS DEY"l:S! !'lr.<D, oend your contribution to either ot tho •porwor• at 1201-l6tn St.. , N.111f., Waehiflt'ton 6, D. C.

•••••• ••••a••• RED BAITIJlO Ill TilE SCHroL.~

Por aovcral oonths tho Oet'tnae Cor.rdofl!ion Ma urged t-eache.r' to be on t.he alert. aga.inat a now out.break of red baiting and witch hunUng oinilar to the at.t.acko wh.ioh pla~ued the schools tollowinR World War I . Uu."'\\rous a.t.tock:J i"JJve beon c:it.od (SI')t.. DF;PENSE SULV't!fl) which char~a Ule t.eachora ot Al:lorica with radlcl\liOt'll, COIIMI.In1atic t.eachiftn, and other subveroive not.iv1t.ieo.

At.t.mpts are rrade in t.t>A roUowin8 quot.ot.1ons to create the impreSJion t..h&t t.oaehers as a group are d.islo>~•l Md t.hat. t.h1 lmA is cosa~niat.ic: and is sponsorins tubvoreive t..ext.books . Acwal)Jt t.ho rru 11 one ot t.he tew national orge.ni"Zation• in t.he country which ioc~ rtot. pert:dt. Olf'lber.;~hip t.o any aubverdvs person. 1'bos1 •ho queet.ion t.ho bade conservaili::~. ot t..e~che,., aholll.d also be referred t.o the article, •r.achert t.o t.M Ri.ghL of Center,• p&ge 17 ot thia Usue or the DU';;lSE BU'l.3Tlll.

) The eo-tssion has car~~ We t.4><tbooko criUc.iud in We quouUono which follow. 'D1ey cont.ai.ntd at. met a tew paasa;o.s which could be clut1!1ed •• Uberal.- but. in r.o sense as ou~erdve. -lhe Coocission believes t.ho.t the o.&ll&t.ive street. or such f&lse accuaatlona on public opinion, a.s well &a on t.o&Chtr MDrale1 is e.xtreceJ.y dangeroua . 1'te UI"SI achool people t.o co=bat. tl\e underr.dzUns or pu.bl1c confidence in the tc~le by answering every accu.eation .is:necU.at.oly, 1nabUng that those who ma.l:e chars•• 1"\Jrnish proof against specific teachers or t.o.d.a . QJr experience hG.e been that. they will be unable to .subst.o.nt.iate their cMrgea ,

-Repoblican Club•

At. Hs convonUon in Phll&dol.phia th!o fAll tho National Federation of Rllpubliatn Clube charged thl.t. subver sive 11t...-•t.uro ie being distr ibuted 1rt the nation 1a public-

I school e)"'3tet:i ond that cort.ain rocult.y Mt.\bera are "deliberately t:liarepreaent.ins Mcric.a.n ideals . " A. roaolution wu adopted calling tor a close study or hilt.ory

I and aoelal-.atudy textbooks beina ue~ in achoola . Also the resoluUon called tor an i.nvettJ.gaUon or t.eaohcr quallticlt.iGne .

Alt."lo t.he Defense Coa!d..ca1on WN>tA t.he pruidtnt. ot this ors:a...,izaUon &~kine tor a copy ot the resolution and tor aNC1tio intorr .. uon about at'41 t.Mcher or t.ext.book conaldered. t.o be subveraivt, no rtpl1 wa. received,

-(Continued on tho followinl Jl&lt)

Sni t.ing in Schools--Con~inued from pr eceding pogo) l6 .

Et·nil) A.dllliSon

I;\tost to t ako a Mnd in t ho attacks upon so- callod subvor~ivc textbooks ia E:rnio A1a.nl~on of liaohi.ngton, D. C., chiof counsol for •Au House Co:T.dttet~ on Un- Ameriean Aeti'.'iti f&.t'l . In t.alki.ng about. n widoly u.:sed t !lx-t in tile socinl e t.udlea, Adru~U~r•n ( •• quot<•d i !O. U:c Los Angeles EXruninor ) et.o ~ed tho~:

"A .1o.ries or Coa:;unis t book3 ara boint oftorod in evar)o" stato in ~. Union . 'lliCIY all f ollOI'I ~c ooao pot ton: . Thl.• b : (1) advo­cating world gov~rnmJnt; (2) calling for 'direct aGtion' by the peoplo ; ()) P,iving at lons ~ a ' pink' huo t.o D0<1ocrac:;; ond (4) e. t t ernt.1fl8 t.o impl11nt 1n thG minds of school childron that. t.ha U. S. Con5 titution ia nntiquntc~--that it is a horse-and- buggy- days 1oeuoont. '!tto overnU obj e-ctive is t.o teach chil dren t.h.at all forr.'iS or capitalia:n and privat.e owner ship, ospgeially of utilitio.:s n.nd :-aal proncr t y , a r c wrong. "

Upton Cl oso

In hiG Dyndicated colwn...,, "Ro:.dinc. tho Sicns , " Unt.on Close t.akes up tho hue ~nd c ry, H., calls u;xm tho A."l\or ico.n Legion and tho 1/(#tcruns of Foro.ign ',io.r s t.o givo rnornl and finruteial hel p to t.h~ C'll.ifornill brtlneh o£ tJ\il Sot1 t1 of tho American Advol ut.ion in its fight. against un- Aoeric nn t.ex.tbooka . Closo snys he l ooked over the books and found them. 11a r.utS tertul Q.'(/j,.l'l!)l O of oubtle New D~al, pro-ib.lssiart propo.g:1nr.!a , Tho job i s :;o am<:~otll even a .school tuaeh&l" r.o.y no t dotact. the r ropaganda, ·.~hich neve r1..bt:icss is pot~nt, taking advantage of tho fact that Aall!r i oo.n peopl;, ara t.rust­i.ng nnd .li t tlo given t.o sua pi cion . "

G.xtrr;~ t'/ashinttton Robnett

Ovor n year G&O the Dofenso Co:::J"~..isaion call ed o.ttilntion to tho r ad-blli.U.ne t.:letic.s of G;'}Or ne \7ashin&ton Robnot.t.. Tost.lfying again3t fodoral school aid a t. l:~o,ot. year' s So.nat.~ he3r inJJs, Robnett rouncJ.t;.· condemned tho NEA. ! O't' seoki n.c. such aid,

Roccnt~ in his ~~osr~phed n~wa raleaso (publishQd ~~ the Church Lo~o of Amer­ica, nn orgt: nization whic:h is lar-gely .e v lhicle for his propU{:flnda} Robn~Jt..t. d~scribes ot. length hcnr radical.iSJ:l is throatur~ing our cJ.a:)sroam:s . He '-!X.Coriatoa t.h~ tfSA for its fed -oral .. a.id c wupa-i gn, also for its loadorship in I)St.c,bli sJdng an int&rn.at.iono.l education or qll.tl.iza.Uon at Endicot.t. lc.st. aur.:rnnr . tffiA tcachcr:s , Robnott chargee , '1\':l.n t t.o "intorn.at.ionalizo" history and gcocraphy textbook:) . He 'Krites :

11 'i1'U! :rf'fing to Ute Loft in tho !iol d ot educa tion h.as beco::te so JNirketJ. du1·1nr. tho las t 15 y ears t.:hnt the gener Al p.lblic is fMt. be coming areusud and D.l.6rmcd . Unless ed-ucators thonsolvos OrJ:Ani z.o • • • to block this Lrund tho~4 will • u:rcly orb" a •·avo of in <limo Uoo Lha t will jeoJ)llrdizo public cont1denco 1n our •'u!l~rlcan -011\lcAUonal ~yn t.!n. "

Editor Liefel"Mt's S!lva.cc AttAck

Hot bothQr iOR to minco wor ds--or to submit proor--Honry Li etor nnt. of '!'rue Story l!'lc.gao:in.) in a r etcent. sor1va o r odi t.oJ"''!als on 111'he i\mqriean Toachor 1 " charges that ••o ero.:tt. ma.n.y s tanch Al:loriclll\s f<lol tho.t. our schools or o now boi.n.c pOlluted by tJ't.:J dividud l oyalty ot out' t uachorl'l . 11 Nw:bors ot p&.Nnt.o from all par te or t he country, U c:fer ant asser t&, .(ro ho&it.an t about ec.nding Uaiir childre n to tho

(Continued on ~o !ollowins poge)

a•itinG in Schoo1•- Cont1med from preceding )l4gc) 17.

a vor oP,u W'lcher in t.h.:, 9Uhlic school b-ccau_,c r.hey tdol th.11t t.htt t.oacher of todny do~s not s~t ~ good ~~~pla . Ho writ~s :

"Scm:. t. :ach~r.s nro ~rely indiffor on t Lo d<:nOcracy •••• Othors t.a.ko it. for J;ro.ntad ., • • 'Il1or a i s anot.lu~r group act.ivllly opnosorl to our rtcmo­c r lltic ido:1 .. ls and. institutJ.ons, while loudly cl41.ming 4\ll d r,ht.G and privileges 4lloH.ld by dC!r:lOcracy . 'lhose toochor-s a :ro usil\lt t.hoit" posi­tions to underainc our Americo.n .,,ay of lire ., by subversive 'Lnd open pr opacanda tor a tot.:tlito.rien way. . .. This type or teacher • . .. is poi soni.ng t he m:l.nds of our young p-ooplo with un-A.ocricM ideas •• • ShE! i s interested onl,y in preaching •Bains t doCIOCrMY and 1n supplanting 1t with n subVor3iveJ un-AI:~e.rica.n, foreign wc,;y o r lUe. "

T!'ACHE!IS "!\) n!E RIGHT OF Ci'JlTER

Att..acks upon t.ho l o:,·a.lty ot t.e.achers, o.ccusint thc:wn of being rndica.l or corrr.unistie, hc.vo be'!n rr,.1.do with!.n r llcCQnt. oonths by cart."lin propacand.a grouos {Se~t ''RO-d Baiting in the Scbool o, " p . 15 ) . One r e fut.:J tion cf t.ho.tte chvgas ie found in a r •lCt:n t. no.tiomride ou rvoy b~l Opinion Reee;~.r<:h Corporation of l1hi ch Cl aude Robinson, formerly of GR.llup Poll , is director .

Rcbinaon at.tenpt.<Jd to r.nast.U"o the extant to which "collectivist idoology" has won a public rollowing . O.n & .tteo.lo from 1 to 100 ho r1ru-:ud rugt;cd individuo.list.s a.t> 1 at. tho oxt.remo right, and all- out lldvo<:ates of govo.rn.,.,~.nt. control e.t. 100. TM su.rJey showed th!lt on this scal e th" gener a l public r ank.-,d at. 38, to t.h·l r ir,ht. of ce ntQr. Union labor was loft of ee.ntur at. 514 . Bu~incss oxecutive!t vrora fArthest. t.o the r ight. at. 13. tlext, in ord~r, came oditors , Dm1·lY vot ers , s1'\all buainesaoon, etc ., as sho;m in tho list below. Fot.o th'\ t. oublic- school teachers BT\l \'iell to the right or c ente r .

100 Libe rals (lett of eonWr in following or dor),

College te~chore Vot.crMa of :torld t1nr U Skilled "f'f.Orko:rs S(:rvice •1orkere Unakillod ~rkors ill 1:\olnual HOrk.3ra Roo:;cvelt votoro Somi-skillod workora

Conserv.ltives (right. of eont.or in tollO'ning orde,r) :

Busin~os oxecutivos Editor a Ot.rwuy votors Small buaine~~~n P'ropr iutm·a s.nd ~'lnas.art9 Ca tholic clergymen _,..,...,., Public- Qthool teDehars~ ·. ~rlite collar U Jl"'ofes:tione.l wor kors Pro t ea t:~.nt. cle:rgyr:~en F'torncro Foderal a~loyeos Jlon-union workers

•

NATIONAL IIDUCATION ASaot:IATION OP' THC U N tTID STAHS

IZOI l lllTIINTH e T .. II.1' . .,., W .. WAIHINOTON e , 0.. C,

ID'a . Franklin D, Roosevelt Aprtcent l~ 29 'laahinjrtcn Squar .. 'I'Ut

I:.W York 111 l'ew York

Door L(rs . Rooaeveltt

J&niA.,. 6, 1947

1 hc>pe you a ot tho poclcop or •tori&l 1 aont opoc1&1 <leliYeT)' to Jl;ro . l'illor•o h-. It ohoul<l bon r .. cho<l rou thoi nil!!>\. In any nont, it ourol7 will bo r .... ...so<l t o you.

'!Mo UtU.o note thio aorning ia to otnd you thou important ata te:nenta on teachers' aaaoeia tione . ]!ley repreaent the Yiewo oJ' loaders of tho 1/Sl, as well oo ibe or&aniaoUon it­aelt on labor un1ooa ro·r •eachera .

..

I am hurl')'inn •way to the moothl,y Meting ot the WOIJ!Ien'• Joint

Con&ressiona l CCIII&Uttee , and I aMll write a letter, about your Y181t to us, this Aftemom.

Al!ociimaioly,

~ ~ (..),..,.le. e~·.,-Cbarl Qnlcnd \'iillialr.o

Lot..u• D. Cottman, Preaident., Univera:ity of W.nnuot.a, K1nneapo.U..., rt.nn.

(IlEA \"ol 111e or AddNouu &nd Pr<>ceedinp, 1920, P• 4~5)

• ro what kind or an ouociotion anoll t eochoro bol<>n6'1 Sholl t hey join tho ""'eri~ Fede,...Uon or Taochoro, ollich ia afriliotod with t he -<ican fodel'­ation ot Labor, or ahall t.hey 116int.ain en independent orpnit.f't i on ot their own? Thia ia the question lllhich thoueande of teacher s are be in& CAlled on t.o anner. All matters ot a t ·etnpOrAt'Y or expedient cMrae ter ehoul.d be ewept aaide in an at­tempt to arrive at & tinal a.nd eenaiblo -.oewer to t ho queet.ion . The Artarican 1-"ederotion ot Tot~.chera b&1ea ita appeal upon t he a1aur.ption that. t ·eaeher a are ll'e rel,y ectployes, hired 101n and wooen, not aer:bera ot a pro!eaalon ; ~t they a.r~ the objecto or econ<ll:ll.c and 1ntollectuol -l<>itotion ond opp,...oioo; that .rru-1ot1on with union labor 'l<iU -lt ond dl.&nifY th001 u they hove no di&nitY to lose, t hat. they ar. a h6lpl .. a1 hopelet~~a , diaorganiz.ed &£l1"'pt1on of wU.t.a, without bJ.si.ness or eollt"-1" eon.ae; that t heir sorrillt,r, due to autocratic a.nd Prunien r:ethoda ot ad'ld.ni1tnt.ion, U notorious .

"'i'he toreo o! the appeal or such facta cocea at. a c:o.t tortunat e till:o tor t he An:erlcan Federation or Teachers. COnditione t hroughout the country are uneot.tled. The coe t of living 11 1tUl rising. LD.bor hAl raleed it.& Wllge acalu enonmouDlY through t he intluence ot the unions . Tc&thore 1 on the other hand, are tindins it increMing!y moro di!!icult, 1t not ir.q>ooaiblo t o m&intain their tomer a t.u.ndard,a. ot l .irlng. U&ny are leaving teaching, attrActed by mor e rEJ:.~merative oppo.tunHffi"'ln othe< tiel do, and t heir place a are boins token by the untrained and unqualified. The public expraaau a.n..int.ereat in t.he a1tuat ion1 but reu.1.n.a t.oo ~tin .. Labor ext.enda a welCOQin.g hand, u,yi.ns, •Join ua , we have the power ond l.he ;<>teo to bring qllick rollo! . • It pointe to ito record or ach1-ent, it •hows how it. has bet tered it.e own condition; it abowe how it hu act utlly helped t eachers 1n certain l oealitiea. •

:Jr. cotrr.an t hen Uot• the !ollowi.ng objoctiono to teochen Jo~ t~.<t American Feder•tion ot Teaeberl:

1 . Teachc:r:J arc not l aborere l!jer e].y. I f they are, then ao are t ho doctors, lawyore, nursoa, ministe~a, the followers ot evory profession .

2 . 'the pu.rposoa1 methods, and problecs ot organized labor a re ea­acntial..l,y and tundl:nontlll.l7 di!!er ent !roo those o! t.he t e&ehin& pro!eMio.~ .

) . Labor believe• in tqllol pay ror equal ,.,ric, ,. ol ... or the p:'Ofeaaionolly-olindod tMche,.. ehould not be equol pq for equal. •cl'i<, but equal poy ro< equol wol'i< of equol 100rth.

4 . Tho ,.....pon or tho union 1e tho etrL'<e, EVen thouth the Americ:&ll Federation o! L&bor hu prant eo<l local aut oncmy in t his utter to l ocal federation• or toachor a , t eachers cannot o1cape having thoir psychologicAl procoeaes1 biaaea, and attitude• colored and i.n!luenccd by those wit h whom t hey aro aaaociftt od.

5. Tho a!!illation o! toaehora and labor union. w11l 1nt ent1fy cla.u epirit and clua antoaonio::l.

6 . Tho arrili&t1on of tMch•r•' orpn.bationo ond hbor union• r&Ua to .Eiake a proper diet.inct.ion between private work a.nd public Mrrie•.

7 . '!!>ere 1e darlpr thot &rt1Uotion with or,.,U .. d labor 'l<iU reoul~ inorltebly in • l ..... rl.nc or pro!caaion&l otond&l'do - to!lchoro .

/ n:ACHERS AIID THE AIIERICAN FE!JEJlATION OF LABOR

James E. !blasell, De31l Toachera College, Colwtbi.a Un.iver a ity

Tho t eacher occupies a peculi&l" posit ion in tho body pol i tic .. He inst ruct s children in the rl&hts and dutiea of citizens. Hi.s ward! of today ar-e tho voter a or tooorrow. Soce of t hem w111 be found in every group, party, sect 1 and organizat ion t hat axists il'l tho cC~r.c~unity. He should teach them the fundamental pr ine1plo6 or Antoricitfl liCe and help them to make wise ehoieee in their attillations, but he may not prot!!elytize or conduct propaganda tor any cause on which c iti-zens are di:vidod. A decent respect t or t he opinions or others must char4ctcrize 8ll t hat ho does. Tho organization, t herefore, which 4cts o.s the super-teacher cannot favor either Jew or Qentilc, Republican or Democrat, capitalist or laborer. I t honors thern all t or the good they s t rive t.o do, a.nd will join with the.m in all good worka , but it eannot be eubservient to anyone . I renlize t ha.t t he American Fodero.tion of tabor i s potcnt.iall.,y one . ot the moat benotiecnt organizations in tho United Stnt os, nod I have t he high­est r egard both tor its leaders and t boir objC-ct-8 , but it wuld be a ndst ake both for tho Feder ation or Lnbor and for tho p rospective organizo.tion of teach­ers, to form o.n offensive .and defensive 4l.Uanco. It. might. be the eaaiest way to secure an increase of t eachers • salaries, but mor e pay is not tho only ob­j~ct of a teo.ehers• organization, and not t he one t hat will inauro its greatest usefulness either to t he profession or to t ho public.

It 'JfiOuld be just as fot al to become ent angled with t ho ~~nnufncturors 1

Associa tion, tho Bar Association, the Christi~n Association, or tho Oomocratic Party. 1! this latter suggO:stion 1:!1 l udicrous, ao Wo is the e.xrunple set by sorne groups of teacher s who ho.vc 4l.rco.<tf idont1tiod them,:,elvee with the labor organizations . "Friends with all, but allitla of none, " must be the slogan ot a t eachors 1 organizat.ioriJ - (From an Address given July 21., 1919 n.t a Wnss ceeting or Students in Education}

SHOULD TEACHERS JODl Tl(E r'"£!E!!ATION OF LABOR?

!lr. '.'Iilli"" H. Kilpatrick 'teachers College, COlumbiA Univeraity

New York, ~ . Y.

"In rey- opinion, t eachers as t eacher s should not join with labor ne labor, or with 4t'1Y other group as such . They should not c<XIIDit therueelves in advMcc t.o any blanket. program. They don 1 t know what tho. tuturo may bring. Teachertl 1 e$pecially in higher i nstitutions 1 should not be labeled eo t hat people can say i n advance tho.t they believe in this or t hat. It 13 not tho way for them to oxert their greatest infiueneo. I would, however, ae,y t hat there are specific ise:uos where te.1chc r s rr.ay woll join with labor, such aa t ho batt les ror tho child lnbor nmen~nt and again:!lt t eachers ' oaths. BUt pe~ oanent n.l.l..iances a.N cra.":lpi.ng. They leave t eacher s no adequtLt e room to grow. tl - ( A Teachers ' Teacher Tells What Education Is. Eunice F'ul.ler Bamar d. New York Times gng3zinc, UArch 21 , 1937, P• S, 22 . )

'

FIVE REJ.SONS FOR !lOT JOIIIniG THE .IIIERI.CAII FEDERATION OP TEACiiEI\5. J . Horber-t !:elley, So.cy., PeMa-ylvania state "Education Auociation

HarrbbUJ"'g, PeM.,-l vani&

1 . The use ot coercion by un1on3 ia contrary to tho accept ed ~ethods ot education: argument, persuasion, dSllOnatrc.tion . The use ot coercion in GJ'IY' way a t any time is of itself a c<X\fe5sion of failure or cduc.ational me.a;au.rce . Por one. b t"Sl''ch o! tho govor crnent. to stri.ke a.pin.st. thD.t govorm~ont i.s anarchY". Calvin Coolicf8e , l'ihon Governor ot LtasetLchusetts, et.at ed thi.s principle i.n settling t.ha &trike or t he Bo3ton Pol ice. Te4chers aro trained by t he State, certified by t he Sta t e , and paid ~/ the State. They ~re part ot t he gover nment quito M much 35 t he police. Uae of ~ coet-cive e eaeurG is contrary to the bas ic pr inciples of voluntary teachers' aeeociations .

2. Unionis:n r·cgtt.n:Ls teaching a.s a trade, not a profession. In a pru:phlet ont.it.led ObJections Answernd . used by the Ambriea.n Federntion or Teachers, ap­pears the foUowine~ ' 'Tho wnr hes cleansed us or an:t r«:~mLnts o! such petty snobbery ( t h.at t eaching is a profession). The time hn.s co:no tor t eachers ot t he country to );'id theo,elves or t heir narrow class spirit 81ld join htt.nd.s l'fith other ~:orke:rs in their e.esert.ion or indepondence and &olf-roaptct.n They tllll t o see t hat t her e is 3 clear line or dcmnrcation .botween mechanics , a rtisans , labor, and tho r e cognize d protessione o! lat,., ~:~edicine, ensf.neeri.ng1 teaching, and accountancy. The hod carrie r, althou,h he docs at1 essential, honorable, and honest piece of 'flork, will never r eel at case in .:ut or ganit.ation of skilled surgeons . All ore Y.'Orkers, but the first works on the level o! labor, the second, on t he level of 4 profe~sion . Teaching has ita two oxtreces: 'l11e college professor end the unicn t enchcr. Between the t wo is a ~at bOdY ot prof es s ionall,.v-trained, prof essior.all.y...cl.nd!ld t.e.achor s ~ lo)o a:re J>orld.ng out t he destiny of t eaching a s a pro.feasion.

3. It is not proper or professional tor t eachers to atri.l.i4tc as an or-­~zed bodY with anothe~ organization r epr esenting & portion or the citizens of t.he car:mun±ty in vffiich ouch teaehora n. .. e employed. This principle lfli.S atat ed L'l the LJ¥tcast er opinioo, July )0, 1920, by Thol:las E. Finegan, then Superin­t endent of Public Instruction in Pennsslvnnie . It 'fli<1s confirmed tr.r the Supreoe COurt of t he Stnte or l'lo.s.hington in t he Se3ttle ease . See Al'!lericana Annual tor 19~, pAgo 236.

4. Unionlso dost rc;ys the l!lolidllrity of the profession. 'l'ha Cf)nstit ut ion of t ho /;..'llerlc.an Fede ra tion of Teachers excludes meo.borship ot Superintendents oxcept. by c. favorable threo-ri!ths vot e o! t he meebers of the union. By such exclusion, unionism re~"de t he unification or the pro!easi~n.

5. Unionism lower s t he 1do4ls or teaching. By ocphosizine only the selt­bh, though nocO-fltiO.J7, cecnr.wi~ necda ot t03eho~:s - so.l.'l.ry, hours, t enu.r e , re­tiror.ent. - unionism rni.sSG!'.I alt ogether t he finer ideals of tuching Md the rich ecrtpenentions t hat. do not appear in the a.nlary envolopo.

PENliSYLVAJIIA SCHOOL JOURliAL, Sept..,ber l93k , p•gc 24,

/

,. OR. JUDO DISAPPOOI'ES TEI.CHERS AfflLIATIOII WIT!i UBOR

In o. t1(3W8p4per sto·ry published L!ay 20, 19)7, Dr. Charles H. Judd Qf

t he Univer s ity of Chicago , was quoted aa e.pprovin&' the attll.1Ation ot ta3.ehe:rs

with the iu:lcrican Poderntion or Labor. In tho June 1 , 1937 iuue or Teacher

NB'e and View31 the official orgt~.n or Tho Association ot Chica.go 'l"'achors , ~

ccrpts r roo a let ter from Dr. Judd aro published 1n Which Dr. Judd is quotod

os saying ~h:>t he -

"Hover gD.vo any ground, oit.hor publicly or priva tely, ! or the st..ate­n:ent • • • • • • I point. ou·t. t hat. throughout rny protea.sional career I have 'been opposed to the atfi Uati()n or protosaional orgW~atione of teacher s ~th any special group of citizens.

"It is oy bolief th~t te~chers ero eorvants or t ho whol e publ ic ~nd ought, t.."leretor e , to avoid a rv atti11ations that seem to bo of e. partis{Ul t ype. I have t,('l adQi t t hact. tendler , rpnizat i ona have not alwnys seeoed to r:.e to be prof essional in character. '111ey 1'\ave given less a t t.ent.ion t han I could vrit;h they Wuld to purely personal inte rests of t heir r:.c:ebe rs, espcciUl:r tln tha financial side.

rtlt is my boliof t hat a s t rong profe$sional nr ganizat.ion could even now rosist. the i nvasion or the school ~ystm. by spoils: polities quite as well as a n organiza tion affiliated ~ith any larger group ot cititortS .

"Thnt st nt ement (in the nertspaper) does not reprosent trrJ views . You a r e q'Uit.e nt liberty t o c.a!~e use or this letter in GntJ ny that you care t"' ·"

A pr ovioua stnteMent or Or • • >udd1s reported in the Chicago DallY News

of JanuiU')' 9, 1937 foll01<o - .

"Organize? And affiliat e with the Amcricnn Fodcrntion ot LObor? No , no, indeed. Teacher s cannot afford to join any outsido associa-t ion. • Totlehtsl"$ o.:re public ser-vants, and as such ~hoy ohould ~ in po•ition At all tlmo• to lend S:llnl>&thy with any and all units of our sooiet7. • • • ;..nd when they do this (affU!.ot e wit h the A. F. of L, ) ~hoy no l onge r o.re voJ.unble as t e achers , t or they become partiaMt:: a.nd as partia.o.ns their measBge l oses its weight. "

lUII Ifli~a

40DITIOII.<L OISCUSSIOIIS OF TEACHERS Alll> UNIOliS

1. "A Nntinnal OrgMi~ation tor Echlca.tion," Educational Polieio.s Comoiaaion Report , p . 32-JS

2 . "Totlchcra Unions?" - Prosresaivo Educat ion, October 19431 p . 260

) . "The Prot caaiontll Way t o ),,eet t he E-duCI'\tiono.l Crhis , " HEA Joum.R.l., February 19L7