narrow rows twin rows populations chad lee grain crops extension, university of kentucky chad
TRANSCRIPT
Narrow Rows Twin RowsPopulations
Chad LeeGrain Crops Extension, University of Kentuckywww.uky.edu/Ag/GrainCrops/http://graincrops.blogspot.com/
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 1
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct0
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72009 Rainfall, Spindletop Farm, KY
Precipitation30 yr normal
inches
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct0
102030405060708090
2009 Average Temperatures, Spindletop Farm, KY
AVG Temp
MAX Temp
MIN Temp
30 Yr Temp
° F
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 3
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct05
101520253035
2009 Temperature, Spindletop Farm, KY
Days, 90+ Days, 32-
° F
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.52009 Rainfall, Spindletop Farm, KY
% Rain Days Greatest 24 Hr Total
% days inches
Two Topics
• Plant Populations• Narrow Rows
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 4
Contributors
• Dewey Lee, GA• Brian Jones, VaTech• R. L. Nielsen, Purdue• Kraig Roozeboom, Stuart
Duncan, K-State• Kurt Thelen, Michigan State• Joe Lauer, Wisconsin• Robert Kratochvil, Maryland• R. W. Taylor, Delaware
• Pioneer• Monsanto• AgriGold
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 5
Corn Seeding RatesDo we need to change the recommendations?
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 6
Table 3. Recommended corn seeding rates for Kentucky.
Seeding rate* (seeds/acre)
Grain 22,000 - 30,000Silage 24,000 - 30,000Irrigated 26,000 - 32,000* Range depends on potential yield of soil ranging from less than 100 bu/ac for the low range to more than 200 bu/ac for the high range.
Population Studies
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 7
Corn Populations, 2009
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 8
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
R² = 0.976971694947293
R² = 0.831290440034089R² = 0.811905863713721R² = 0.933932110088324
2009, Spindletop Farm, Lexington, KY
DKC6342Polynomial (DKC6342)DKC6345Polynomial (DKC6345)DKC6544Polynomial (DKC6544)DKC6547Linear (DKC6547)
1,000 seeds/acre
Yield, bu/A
Population and Stalk Diameter
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 9
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
R² = 0.726176504042105
R² = 0.68550375693068
R² = 0.880495282690191R² = 0.881838433131569
2009, Spindletop Farm, Lexington, KY
DKC6342
Polynomial (DKC6342)
DKC6345
Polynomial (DKC6345)
DKC6544
Polynomial (DKC6544)
DKC6547
Linear (DKC6547)
1,000 seeds/acre
Stalk Diam (mm)
Population and Sunlight
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 10
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
R² = 0.607134987464267
R² = 0.911538361948033
R² = 0.788528167929624
R² = 0.849091291156899
2009, Spindletop Farm, Lexington, KY
DKC6342
Polynomial (DKC6342)
DKC6345
Linear (DKC6345)
DKC6544
Linear (DKC6544)
DKC6547
Polynomial (DKC6547)
1,000 seeds/acre
Lightbar Reading
Population Effect, CornLexington, 2009, VT3 Hybrids and RRCB Hybrids
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 11
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
R² = 0.93520726612232
2009, Spindletop Farm, Lexington, KY
4 Hybrids
Polynomial (4 Hybrids)
1,000 seeds/acre
Yield, bu/A
Population Effect, CornLexington, 2008, VT3 Hybrids and RRCB Hybrids
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 12
15,000 25,000 35,000 45,000 55,0000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
f(x) = − 0.00214520470216744 x + 170.75239653603R² = 0.939552683047055
Corn Populations, Lexington, 2008
All Hybrids
Linear (All Hybrids)
Seed Rate (seeds/acre)
Yie
ld (
bu
/ac
re)
Corn Grain YieldsWoodford County, KY, 2007
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 13
Year: 2007 Location: Woodford County FarmHybrid: SS777RR2YGPLPoncho 1250-treated seedPlanting: May 3, 2007
15,000 25,000 35,000 45,0000
50
100
150
200
250
R² = 0.945762420491662
R² = 0.977176669484362
Woodford County, 2007
IrrigatedPolynomial (Irrigated)Non-IrrigatedPolynomial (Non-Irrigated)
Seeds/Acre
Gra
in Y
ield
, bu
/A
Corn Seeding RatesDo we need to change the recommendations?
• Year-to-year weather variability can drastically impact corn yield response to seeding rate.
• We can’t accurately predict the weather 3 to 4 months ahead.
• In irrigated fields, populations can be raised to about 34,000 to 36,000 seeds/acre.
• For rainfed conditions and good soils, maximum seeding rates should be near 30,000 to 33,000 seeds/acre.
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 14
NARROW ROWSKentucky and other states
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 15
What do these have in common?
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 16
www.ukathletics.com
Dribble-Drive Offense
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 17
http://coachingbetterbball.blogspot.com
Spacing is critical.
Spacing is Critical?plants/acre row width, inches
30 20 15 twin (30)within-row plant spacing, inches
25,000 8.4 12.5 16.7 16.730,000 7.0 10.5 13.9 13.935,000 6.0 9.0 11.9 11.945,000 4.6 7.0 9.3 9.350,000 4.2 6.3 8.4 8.455,000 3.8 5.7 7.6 7.660,000 3.5 5.2 7.0 7.065,000 3.2 4.8 6.4 6.4
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 18
Could narrow rows improve spacing…and improve yields?
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 19
PLANT SPACING VARIABILITYSpacing Between
Rows(inches)
Plant Population(plants/acre)
Spacing Within Rows
(inches)
Allowable Within Row
Spacing(inches)
30 30,000 7.0 5.0 - 9.0
30 24,000 8.7 6.7 - 10.7
Variability up to 2 inches does not hurt yields. Variability above 2 inches will reduce yields. - - R.L. Nielsen, Purdue Univ.
Twin Row Planter
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 20
Twin Row Planter
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 21
Twin Row Corn, Spindletop Farm, KY, 2009
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 22
• Three hybrids:– 1 US Hybrid
• Developed in 30-inch rows– 2 Argentine Hybrids
• Developed in 20-inch rows
Twin Rows, Narrow RowsLexington, KY, 2009
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 23
30 in 15 in twin0
50
100
150
200
250
234 208 218
Lexington, KY, 2009
Row Type
Grain Yield, Bu/A
***
Spindletop Farm, Lexington, KYNo-Till Following SoybeanLoradale silt loamSeeded: 27 Apr 200935,000 seeds/ALexar+Glyphosate PRE, no POST
AX820CL and XA1143MG are from Nidera in Argentina (developed in 20-inch rows).DKC62-54 is from Monsanto DeKalb
*, **Significantly different from 30-inch rows at 0.05 and 0.10, respectively.
Twin Rows, Narrow RowsLexington, KY, 2009
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 24
Spindletop Farm, Lexington, KYNo-Till Following SoybeanLoradale silt loamSeeded: 27 Apr 200935,000 seeds/ALexar+Glyphosate PRE, no POST
10 ears per plot3 hybrids4 replications
AX820CL and XA1143MG are from Nidera in Argentina (developed in 20-inch rows).DKC62-54 is from Monsanto DeKalb
Row plants/a kernels/ear kernel/wt, gvacant tip,
in rows/earSingle 15 31,000 569 2.09 0.086 15.6Single 30 35,417 563 1.86 0.104 15.8Twin 30 32,667 587 2.25 0.080 15.8
Twin RowsPalmer Amaranth
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 25
Emerged late in this field and was about 2-feet tall when corn was pollinating.
Would twin-rows be more competitive?
NO!!
Weed pressure hurt yields.Hand-harvest: area of plots with less weed pressure.
Combine-harvest: entire plot.
Fulton County, KY, 2009Note: Heavy population of Palmer amaranth competing with corn.
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 26
single 32 K twin 32 K twin 38 K0
50
100
150
200
250
144 141
167
116 117133
Fulton County, KY, 2009
A6522BtCL
A6633BtCL
Yie
ld,
bu
/A,
com
bin
e h
arve
st
single 32 K twin 32 K twin 38 K0
50
100
150
200
250
187 180 186
155
181
215
Fulton County, KY, 2009
A6522BtCL
A6633BtCL
Yie
ld,
Bu
/A,
han
d h
arve
stEstimates ----------------------- p value§-------------------------single, 32K vs twin, 32K 0.7390 0.3691 0.8357 0.6220single, 32K vs twin, 38K 0.9420 0.0606 0.1442 0.1684twin, 32K vs twin, 38K 0.7490 0.2434 0.1041 0.3781
Twin Rows or Population?Fulton County, KY, 2009
• We cannot conclude if row width or population or both affected yield.• We can conclude that weeds cause real problems…
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 27
25,000 30,000 35,000 0
50
100
150
200
250
R² = 1
R² = 0.86141876352486
Fulton County, KY, 2009
A6522BtCL
Linear (A6522BtCL)
A6632BtCL
Polynomial (A6632BtCL)
Ears/Acre
Yie
ld, b
u/A
Fulton County, KY, 2009Note: Heavy population of Palmer amaranth competing with corn.
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 28
Row by Seeding Rate A6522BtCL A6633BtCL A6522BtCL A6633BtCL A6522BtCL A6633BtCL30 inches plants/A plants/A ears/A ears/A kernels missing, %
32,000 seeds/A 34,100 28,700 33,000 26,500 7.30 12.30twin rows
32,000 seeds/A 29,000 30,500 27,600 20,400 8.70 11.3038,000 seeds/A 31,900 32,700 30,100 31,600 6.00 5.00
Estimates ------------------------------------------------- p value --------------------------------------30 in, 32K vs twin, 32K 0.1674 0.6042 0.1675 0.4481 0.7507 0.776630 in, 32K vs twin, 38K 0.5412 0.2700 0.4481 0.1951 0.7057 0.0583twin, 32K vs twin, 38K 0.4119 0.5412 0.5006 0.5625 0.4550 0.0947
Table 1. Average stand plants per acre, ears per acre and missing kernels for treatments at Fulton County, Kentucky, 2009.
Twin Rows, Spindletop Farm, 2009
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 29
28,000 33,000 38,000 43,0000
50
100
150
200
250
300
228214
240 246
197
223241 234
Spindletop Farm, KY, 2009
singletwin
Seeds/Acre
Yield, bu/a
NOT RANDOMIZED!!!Averaged across 3 hybridsDKC61-19, DKC61-69 and DKC63-42Each Hybrid Serves as a replicateNo-Till, Maury Silt Loam
AgriGold Study, Madisonville, KY, 2009
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
30
single twin0
50
100
150
200
250
300
234 256
ArigGold, Madisonville, KY, 2009
Row Configuration
Yiel
d, B
u/A
34 38 440
50
100
150
200
250
300
231 250 254
ArigGold, Madisonville, KY, 2009
1,000 seeds/A
Yiel
d, B
u/A
Madisonville, KY, 2009Herring FarmsAgriGold A6533Planted: 25-Apr-09Clay loam soilconventional tillage
AgriGold Study, Madisonville, KY, 2009
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
31
34 34 38 38 44 44single twin single twin single twin
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
229 239 240 261236
284
ArigGold, Madisonville, KY, 2009
Row Configuration
Yiel
d, B
u/A Madisonville, KY, 2009
Herring FarmsAgriGold A6533Planted: 25-Apr-09Clay loam soilconventional tillage
Narrow Rows from Other States
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 32
Georgia: Material and Methods
• Study included multiple years• Tifton Sandy Loam• Row widths: 36, 30, 20 inches and Twin 7
inch rows.• Plant populations: 28-32,000• Hybrids: Pioneer 3163, DeKalb 687, DeKalb
67-60, Pioneer 32H58, P 32D99, DK-69-72• Nitrogen rates: 260+ lbs N/acre
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
20 inch corn 30 inch corn
36 inch corn Twin row cornChad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky Dewey Lee, University of Georgia
35Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
Row Spacing (in) Effects on Corn Yield (bu/a)
Row width
2 Yr. Av. * 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 yr av
20’ 228.2 254.5a 263.2a 230.2a 267.0b 253.7
30’ ---- 191.0c 252.0b 224.8a 311.1a 244.7
Twin 7 207.9 226.7b 253.8b 201.8b 265.9b 237
36” 200.1 231.5b 248.9b 201.8b 256.7b 234.7
Tifton, GA., * 2yr av, 2000, 2001; RDC Pivot
Dewey Lee, University of Georgia
Georgia: Study Remarks
• Narrow row (20 inch row width) most productive width
• Narrow row (20 inch row width) production much improved with the addition of the Roundup Ready system®
• Twin row equal to 36 inch row and 30 inch row more variable in intensive mgt.
• Economically, 20 inch more profitable.
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
Dewey Lee, University of Georgia
Georgia, Tiffin, 2003 and 2004subsurface drip
Planttreatment
Plant density
(plants/m2)
Grain yield(kg/ha)
Test weight(kg/m3)
Stalk diameter
(mm)2003
Single 1 8.4a 10640a 704a 19.2a
Twin 1 9.1a 10870a 695a 17.9a
Twin 2 14.1b 9145b 697a 14.8b
2004
Single 1 8.2a 9548a 702a 17.3a
Twin 1 8.6a 9224a 705a 17.8a
Twin 2 22.0b 4789b 701a 10.7b
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 37
Sorensen, R. B., Lamb, M. C., and Butts, C. L. 2006. Row pattern, plant density, and nitrogen rate on corn yield in the southeastern US. Online. Crop Management doi:10.1094/CM-2006-1211-01-RS.
Yield Response to Row Spacing at Different Sites, North Carolina
0
50
100
150
200
250
Beaufort Bertie Pasquotank Perquimans Tyrrell
7
14
28
Twin
ba
cd d d d
e
f ffff
g hi i
jj
Yie
ld (
bu
/acr
e)
Location
38
NCSU Crop Science Department Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
Virginia Tech
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
VA Tech Methods
• 2006 (28,000 plants/ac)– 6 replications under irrigation
• 2007 (28,000 plants/ac)– 3 replications under irrigation– 3 replications with no irrigation
• 2008– 3 populations X 3 Reps– 31,000; 36,000 and 41,000 plants/ac– Irrigated
Brian Jones, Virginia Cooperative Extension
41
Results: Silage yield (2006-07)
Effect of Row Spacing on Corn Silage Yield in 2006 and 2007
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
2006 Irr 2007 Irr 2007 NonIrr
Year/Irrigation
Yie
ld (
ton
s /
ac @
35%
DM
)
7.5" Twin
30" Single
11.8%
18.9%
8.9%
21.4
19.1
24.6
20.7
21.9
20.2
Brian Jones, Virginia Cooperative Extension
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
Results: Silage yield (2006-07)Effect of Row Spacing on Irrigated Corn Silage Yield
Averaged Over 2006 and 2007
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
TR SR
Row Spacing Configuration
Yie
ld (
ton
s /
ac @
35%
DM
)
a
b
P<0.053 ton/ac
Brian Jones, Virginia Cooperative Extension42
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
43
Results: Silage yield (2008)Effect of Row Spacing and Plant Population on Silage
Yield in 2008
20
21
22
23
24
25
31000 36000 41000
Plant Population (plants / ac)
Yie
ld (
ton
s /
ac @
35%
DM
7.5" Twin
30" Single
a aa
b
b b
P<0.05
Brian Jones, Virginia Cooperative Extension
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
44
Results: Silage quality (milk/acre)Effects of Row Spacing and Plant Population on
Milk / Ac and Milk / Ton in 2008
14000
14500
15000
15500
16000
16500
17000
31000 36000 41000
Plant Population (plants / ac)
lb m
ilk
/ ac
TR
SR
a
b
a a
a
b
Brian Jones, Virginia Cooperative ExtensionChad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
45
Results: Grain yield in 2008 (VT)Effect of Plant Population and Row Spacing on Grain
Yield in 2008
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
26136 29869 33999 38016
Plant Population (plants / ac)
Yie
ld (
bu
/ a
c @
15.
5%)
TRSR
Brian Jones, Virginia Cooperative ExtensionChad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
46
Delaware, Maryland
Row Spacing Location
Georgetown
(2003)
Poplar Hill
(2003)
Wye
(2003)
Wye
(2004)
-------------------------Bu acre-1------------------------
Twin Rows 181 156 152 188
30-inch Rows 182 164 159 193
LSD0.10NS 7.3 NS NS
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
Grain yield by row spacing treatment and location averaged over the four hybrids and three populations during 2003 and two hybrids and five populations during 2004.
Kratochvil, R. J., and Taylor, R. W. 2005. Twin-row corn production: An evaluation in the mid-Atlantic Delmarva region. Online. Crop Management doi:10.1094/CM-2005-0906-01-RS.
47
Delaware, Maryland
Row Spacing Plant Population
(Plants acre-1)
24,000 28,000 30,000 32,000 35,000 40,000
-------------------------------% Lodging-------------------------------
Twin Rows 2 aa 4 a 5 a 8 a 12 a 6 a
30-inch Rows 3 a 4 a 4 a 5 a 5 b 9 a
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
Lodging response by row spacing and population treatments averaged across the two hybrids used in the twin row corn study conducted at Wye during 2004.
Kratochvil, R. J., and Taylor, R. W. 2005. Twin-row corn production: An evaluation in the mid-Atlantic Delmarva region. Online. Crop Management doi:10.1094/CM-2005-0906-01-RS.
Delaware, Maryland
Year Plant Population
(Plants acre-1)
24,000 28,000 30,000 32,000 35,000 40,000
------------------------------ % Stalk Rot ------------------------------
2003 16 ba 18 b --- 20 a --- ---
2004 15 d 24 c 24 c 34 b 47 a 46 a
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 48
Stalk rot incidence by population averaged over locations, hybrids and row spacings for the two years of the twin row study.
Kratochvil, R. J., and Taylor, R. W. 2005. Twin-row corn production: An evaluation in the mid-Atlantic Delmarva region. Online. Crop Management doi:10.1094/CM-2005-0906-01-RS.
Kansas, 2008
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 49
Kansas, 2008Atchinson County
Stewart DuncanKansas State University
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 50
Staggenberg and Maddux, 2001. Kansas State University
Pioneer Narrow Row Corn: Research Locations
Location Year Planting DateLocation
Grain Yield Average (Bu/A)
Previous Crop Irrigation
York, NE 2005 2-May-05 221 Soybean Irrigation
Marion, IA 2005 3-May-05 146 Soybean Rainfed
York, NE 2006 10-May-06 184 Corn Irrigation
Johnston, IA 2006 11-May-06 185 Soybean Rainfed
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 51
Pioneer Hybrid Characteristics
Hybrid Evaluated Year CRM Silk CRM Tech.
34N42 2005 111 108 HX1,LL
34H32 2005 107 108 YGCB
34A18 2006 109 110 HXX,LL
34N50 2006 112 107 HXX,LL
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 52
Pioneer: Which row width produced the highest yield?
53Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky
Corn Grain Yield Response to Three Row WidthsMarion, IA & York, NE 2005
Johnston, IA & York, NE 2006
184.77
189.5
174.86
182.6
177.51
181.4
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
2005 2006
Year
Gra
in Y
ield
(B
u/A
)
30-inch
20-inch
Twin-Row
a
a
b
b
b b
Corn Grain Yield Change For Narrower Compared to 30-inch Row Spacing in Wisconsin
10
-1
11
-6
5
-4
3
-1
-16
26
11
5
-3
6 6
-12
-19
-7
3
-7
-2
-21
-30
8
-5-7 -8
-5 -6 -6
1
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1996
SPA06*
1997
ARL05
1997
ARL06
1997
ARLHA*
1997
CHIHA
1997
CHIWO
1997
FON06
1997
JAN06
1997
KAUWO
*
1997
MARW
O
1997
SPAWA*
1997
SPAWO
1997
VAL06
1998
ARL05
1998
ARL06
1998
FON06
*
1998
JAN06
1998
VAL06*
1999
ARL05
1999
ARL06
1999
FON06
1999
JAN06
1999
VAL06
2000
ARL05
2000
ARL06
2000
ARL07
2001
ARL05*
2001
ARL06
2001
ARL07
2002
ARL05*
2002
ARL06*
2002
ARL07*
2003
ARL06
2003
ARL07
Avera
ge
Inc
rea
se
(D
ec
rea
se
) o
f N
arr
ow
Ro
ws
(b
u/A
)
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 54
N= 34 trials Increased in 4 trialsDecreased in 6 trialsAverage = 1 bu/A
Joe Lauer, University of Wisconsin
Corn Grain Yield Response to Row Spacing and Plant Density, Wisconsin
30-inch row spacing
y = -0.13x2 + 8.71x + 56.34
R2 = 0.91
15-inch row spacing
y = -0.16x2 + 12.02x - 11.68
R2 = 1.00180
185
190
195
200
205
210
25 30 35 40 45
Harvest plant population (number x 1000 / A)
Gra
in y
ield
(b
u/A
)
30-inch
15-inch
Lauer
Janesville, WI1997-1999
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 55
Joe Lauer, University of Wisconsin
Corn Forage Yield Change For Narrower Compared to 30-inch Row Spacing in Wisconsin
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
1997
ARL06
1997
SHEWO
*
1997
SPAWO
*
1998
ARL06
1998
FON06*
1998
SHE06
1998
VAL06*
1999
ARL06
1999
FON06
1999
VAL06
2000
ARL06*
2001
ARL06
2002
ARL06
Avera
ge
Inc
rea
se
(D
ec
rea
se
) o
f N
arr
ow
Ro
ws
(%
)
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 56
N= 13 trials Increased in 4 trialsDecreased in 1 trialAverage = 3.5%
Joe Lauer, University of Wisconsin
Narrow Rows, Wisconsin
2006 2006 2005 2005
Grain Yield Whole Plant DM Yield
Grain Yield Whole Plant DM Yield
Bu/A T/A Bu/A T/A
15 inches 232 7.8 163 8.2
30 inches 230 8.4 181 8.2
LSD (0.10) ns ns 9 ns
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 57
Averaged across target plant populations of 15,000 25,000 35,000 and 45,000 plants/A.
Joe Lauer, Univ. of Wisconsin.
Narrow Rows, Wisconsin2005
15 – inch rows 30-inch rows
Grain Yield
Seeds/A Bu/A
15,000 161 164
25,000 166 188
35,000 179 184
45,000 147 187
LSD (0.10) 18
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 58
Joe Lauer, Univ. of Wisconsin.
Michigan State University
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 59
Widdicombe and Thelen. 2002 . Agron. J. 94:1020-1023. (corn grain)Widdicombe and Thelen. 2002. Agron. J. 94: 326-330. (corn silage)
Whole Plant (Silage) Yield
Row Width Grain Yield
inches bu/acre
30 165c
22 169b
15 172a
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 60
Pioneer Hi-BredSteve Butzen and Steve Paszkiewicz, Crop Insights, Vol. 18, No. 15 Keith O’Bryan with the twin-row data
Rows, Summary
• Grain Yields– Twin rows mixed, but not very impressive
• Silage Yields– Twin rows/narrow rows better
• About as many questions as answers– Populations?– Hybrids?– Irrigation?
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 61
Chad Lee © 2009, 2010 Univ. of Kentucky 62