narfa nld pol 1 22 april 09 policytracker conference a military perspective on spectrum...
TRANSCRIPT
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22
Ap
ril
09
NARFA NLD Pol
PolicyTracker ConferenceA military perspective on spectrum liberalisationPeter Bakker, CDR RNLN
NARFA NLD Pol
Introduction
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Introduction
• Peter Bakker
• Working as the national allied radio frequency agency (NARFA) for policy matters @ NLD MOD
• No background in telecommunication or transmission systems
• Presenting the NLD (occasionally personal) view, not necessarily shared by NATO partners
NARFA NLD Pol
Program
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Program
• Setting the scene
• Spectrum liberalisation aspects
• Preserving (national) security
NARFA NLD Pol
1. Setting the scene
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International arena
• NLD is a NATO nation• NLD forces will operate in a coalition (EU, NATO, UN
mission)• Since the 90’s mission area is defined as “anywhere in
the world”• Mission expansion – CRO, PK, HA, DR• Cooperation with NGOs or IOs• National security is dependent on global stability
NARFA NLD Pol
1. Setting the scene
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European & NATO cooperation structures
Kazakhstan1
Moldova1
Russia1
Ukraine
Andorra
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Croatia2
Cyprus
Holy SeeLiechtenstein
Malta
MonacoSan Marino
Tajikistan1 NORTH ATLANTIC TREATYORGANISATION (NATO) (26)
Canada
BelgiumGermanyGreece
Italy
Netherlands Spain
United Kingdom
DenmarkHungary Czech Rep Poland
Armenia1 Azerbaijan1
Belarus1
Georgia
ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE (OSCE) (56)
Serbia
1 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Member (9)
Albania2
AustriaFinland
FYROM*3
Kyrgyzstan1
Switzerland
Sweden
Uzbekistan1
Turkmenistan PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE (PfP) (24)
EURO-ATLANTIC PARTNERSHIP COUNCIL (EAPC) (50)
Ireland
United StatesNorway
EUROPEAN UNION (EU) (27)
France
Luxembourg
Portugal
Iceland Turkey
Romania
Slovakia
Bulgaria
Estonia Latvia Lithuania
Slovenia
EU Candidates (3)
As of 28 Sep 08
Mediterranean Dialogue (MD) (7)AlgeriaEgypt
IsraelJordan
MauritaniaMorocco
Tunisia
Istanbul Cooperation Initiative (ICI) (4)
KuwaitQatarUAE
Bahrain
* Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name
Montenegro
Contact Countries w/Tailored Co-op Pkgs
Australia New ZealandJapan South KoreaAfghanistan
3 Invitation to join NATO pending resolution of one issue2 Invited to join NATO
MAP (3)PARP (20)
Intensified Dialogue(4)
Special Relationship
NARFA NLD Pol
1. Setting the scene
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Communications Interoperability
• Three aspects; Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability• Flexibility through large tuning ranges• Procurement plans not synchronised• Equipment will be in the inventory for a long time• Legacy versus increasing commercial use of wireless
applications• Concept of operation is dependent on access to radio
spectrum• Future concept of operation even more
NARFA NLD Pol
1. Setting the scene
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Robustness of military radio services
• Confidentiality and availability requirements are incompatible with efficient use of radio spectrum
• Radio services are used for voice, data, multi media and radio determination transmissions
• Radio determination systems must work in adverse propagation conditions and must be able to locate small objects often travelling at high speeds
• Radio services must work in urban and rural environments all over the world
In the military effectiveness of radio services is the highest priority, efficiency comes second
Military radio services must cover spectrum from 9 KHz to 300 GHz
NARFA NLD Pol
1. Setting the scene
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Mobility
• Mobility of military communication systems versus commercial mobile users
• Mission areas
Desert
Jungle
Ocean
Polar
Urban
NARFA NLD Pol
2 Spectrum liberalisation aspects
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Radiospectrum occupancy part 1
A typical radio spectrum graph made in an urban area. Notice the empty space in the band commonly allocated to military use in Europe
Empty space here
NARFA NLD Pol
2. Spectrum liberalisation aspects
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Radiospectrum occupancy part 2
Another radio spectrum graph made somewhere in the Atlantic Ocean. Notice the empty space in non-military bands
200 – 400 MHz range
Guess where the non-military bands
are
NARFA NLD Pol
2. Spectrum liberalisation aspects
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Spectrum occupancy conclusion
• Both sectors (non-military and military) are unhappy with current frequency allocations
• Both sectors see benefit in spectrum liberalisation leading to a situation where there is radio service and technology neutrality
NARFA NLD Pol
2. Spectrum liberalisation aspects
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The road to radio spectrum liberalisation part 1
• Aim for harmonisation of spectrum for non-military and military applications/ radio services (e.g. GSM),
• Aim for optimal spectrum efficiency within harmonised bands for each sector,
• Wherever possible and useful introduce service and technology neutrality within harmonised spectrum bands for each sector (e.g. WAPECS),
• Develop regulatory and legal framework to support these actions,
• Develop technology and implement the regulatory framework to support the final goal of spectrum liberalisation for all applications regardless of sector.
Tadaaaa - Cognitive Radio (CR)
NARFA NLD Pol
2. Spectrum liberalisation aspects
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Cognitive Radio and spectrum accessS
pect
rum
acc
ess
timeCR implementation
Downward trend for military
Upward trend for non-military
Upward trend for both sectors due to better spectrum occupancy
NARFA NLD Pol
2. Spectrum liberalisation aspects
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The road to radio spectrum liberalisation part 2
• However,.. questions need to be answered, for example;
What role do EC, ITU-R have to play? Licences and CR? Management of infrastructure in a CR environment? Wireless versus wired/ fiber services (e.g. how does
public radio through the air (terrestrial or satellite), internet, cable or mobile phone compare to making optimal use of radio spectrum?)
Can all radio services actually be implemented in a technology and service neutral environment?
NARFA NLD Pol
3. Preserving (national) security
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Preserving (national) security part 1
• National security is dependent on global stability• Military will need access to radio spectrum to do their
job effectively in any mission area• Military must exercise in a realistic scenario near home
base before operational employment, however, under constraining peace time conditions
• Home base environment or peace time conditions are not the same as in the mission area
There is a limit to using commercial of the shelf products or non-military radio services
NARFA NLD Pol
3. Preserving (national) security
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Preserving (national) security part 2
• Military are aware of radio spectrum scarcity in the bands that are useful to non-military use
• Military are investigating and implementing equipment & procedures that lead to more efficient use of radio spectrum allocated to their forces
• Dialogue with non-military sector and regulators leaves room for improvement
It might take a considerable amount of time before spectrum liberalisation will or can be implemented by both military and non-military sector
NARFA NLD Pol
3. Preserving (national) security
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Preserving (national) security bottom line
• If there were only such things as “global availability of radio networks”, “bandwidth on demand”, “hackproof/ certified quality of service” in combination with sound implementations of Cognitive Radio for all kinds of radio services, the military would not need spectrum allocations on an exclusive basis
• But then again what other sector or radio service would need such an allocation?
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Thank you
For listening to a SMA
SpectrumManagementAmateur