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Proc. of the Second Intl. Conf. on Advances in Computer, Electronics and Electrical Engineering -- CEEE 2013 Copyright Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors. All rights reserved.

ISBN: 978-981-07-6260-5 doi:10.3850/ 978-981-07-6260-5_23

DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY HARVESTING

SOURCE FROM PIEZOELECTRIC SHOE

Ms.KambleSushamaBaburao

Student M Tech (Electronics)

Rajarambapu Institute of Technology,

Rajaramnagar,Sakharale!"#!"[email protected]

Abstract

Recent advances n ene!"# $a!vestn" $ave %een ntens&ed d'e t('!"ent need (& )(!ta%*e+ ,!e*ess e*ect!(ncs ,t$ e-tensve *&e s)an.T$e dea (& ene!"# $a!vestn" s a))*ca%*e t( sens(!s t$at a!e )*acedand ()e!ated (n s(/e enttes &(! a *(n" t/e+ (! e/%edded nt(st!'ct'!es (! $'/an %(des+ n ,$c$ t s t!('%*es(/e t( !e)*ace t$esens(! /(d'*e %atte!es. S'c$ sens(!s a!e c(//(n*# ca**ed se*&0)(,e!ed sens(!s.T$e dea (& ene!"# $a!vestn" s a))*ca%*e t(sens(!s t$at a!e )*aced and ()e!ated (n s(/e enttes &(! a *(n" t/e+(! e/%edded nt( st!'ct'!es (! $'/an %(des+ n ,$c$ t st!('%*es(/e (! det!/enta* t( !e)*ace t$e sens(! /(d'*e %atte!es.S'c$ sens(!s a!e c(//(n*# ca**ed se*&0)(,e!ed sens(!s.

T$e ene!"# $a!veste! devces a!e ca)a%*e (& ca)t'!n" env!(n/enta*ene!"# and s'))*antn" t$e %atte!# n a stand0a*(ne /(d'*e+ (!,(!1n" a*(n" ,t$ t$e %atte!# t( e-tend s'%stanta**# ts *&e.V%!at(n s c(nsde!ed (ne (& t$e /(st $"$ )(,e! and e&&centa/(n" (t$e! a/%ent ene!"# s('!ces+ s'c$ as a s(*a! ene!"# andte/)e!at'!e d&&e!ence. Pe2(e*ect!c and e*ect!(/a"netc devces a!e/(st*# 'sed t( c(nve!t v%!at(n t( ac e*ect!c )(,e!. F(! v%!at(!#$a!vestn"+ a de*cate*#0des"ned )(,e! c(ndt(nn" c!c't s!e3'!ed t( st(!e as /'c$ as )(ss%*e (& t$e devce0('t)'t )(,e! nt(a %atte!#. T$e des"n &(! t$s )(,e! c(ndt(nn" needs t( %ec(nsstent ,t$ t$e e*ect!c c$a!acte!stcs (& t$e devce and %atte!# t(ac$eve /a-/'/ )(,e! t!ans&e! and e&&cenc#. T$s st'd# (&&e!s an(ve!ve, (n va!('s )(,e! c(ndt(nn" e*ect!(nc c!c'ts des"ned&(! v%!at(!# $a!veste! devces and t$e! a))*cat(ns t( se*& )(,e!edsens(!s. C(/)a!atve c(//ents a!e )!(vded n te!/s (& c!c'tt()(*("# d&&e!ences+ c(nve!s(n e&&cences and a))*ca%*t# t( asens(!.

Keywords: Ene!"# $a!vestn"+ )(,e! "ene!at(n+ s$(e )(,e!+ dc4dcc(nve!s(n.

I. Int!(d'ct(n

Recently energy harvesting become more popular and one of thepopular techniue is generation of energy from surroundings. !histechniue is commonly called as "nergy #arvesting. !he energyharvesting source of

electrical energy can be usedfor autonomous feeding ofremote applications

$electronics lo% po%erdevices and %irelesssensors. !he energyharvesting devices generateselectric energy using someenergy conversionmethod .!herefore energyharvesting devices hereconsidered do not consumeany fuel or substance.

!&B'" (.(")*+R,)M")!&'

")"R- S,/R"S

Ene!"# Ha!vestn" Met$(d

Solar ells1 outdoors

2ie3oelectric shoes

*ibration 4 micro%ave oven

!hermoelectric 5(0 gradient7

!he ambient energy isevery%here in theenvironment surroundingus .this energy is available inthe form of radiation 5solar

or R8 radiation7$thermalenergy and mechanicalenergy of the environmentor energy of chemical orbiological sources. +n thenature the ambient energycan be suitable source ofenergy to po%ering of

remote applications %hichare sho%n in table (.(.!hepo%ered device is placed inenvironment %ith a suitable

type of ambient energy %ithsufficient an energy density

.if the amount of inputenergy density is inaccordance %ith reuiredoutput po%9er $then theenergy harvesting devicecould be used asindependent source ofelectrical energy forelectronics !he po%ereddevice is placed inenvironment %ith a suitable

type of ambient energy %ithsufficient an energy density.+f the amount of inputenergy density is inaccordance %ith reuiredoutput po%er$ then theenergy harvesting devicecould be used asindependent source ofelectrical energy forelectronics.

& schematic diagram ofthe generally energyharvesting system is sho%n

in fig(.(.2o%er is regulated%ith a self1po%ered dc:dcconversion circuit thatachieves a high 6; v7 suitable for portableelectronic devices. !he entire po%ergeneration system is embedded into shoeheel$ has large po%er output 5> m% ra%po%er$?.6m% regulated po%er pershoe7and is small$soft$light%eight$durable$ and lo% cost.

8ig.(.(Schematic of "nergy

#arvesting System

Microstructuredpie3oelectric polymerfilm that is used for thepo%er generation .!hefilm thichkness isapproAimately 0Cmand it is filled %ith themicrocells that have anaverage diameter of

=0Cm.Due to the

microcell structure $thepolymer ha lo%effective oungEsmodulas of =16 M2aand it can readily beintegrated inside theshoe heel as a compactstack.the transducertotal %eight is 6.;gm%hich compares to theregular shoe fillingF?G.)umber of transducer

can be cascaded toincrease the output

energy of thetransducer.


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mechanical vibrations in the form ofenvironmental causes .8urther thisproHect investigates the infrastructureneeded for mass scale energyproduction .presently there is nocommercial technology available forharnessing the available environmental

energy at a mass scale. !he proHect %illbe carried out as follo%s .the part of thisproHect investigates the potential forpie3oelectric 4based energy harvestingsystem to achieve the follo%ingcapabilities I

i7'arge po%er generation forcharging the batteries of

electroniccomponents.

?7 'arge voltageregulation.

=7 Signal generationfor remote control.

>7 Small voltage andpo%er generation forsensing and monitor.

II.S#ste/ 5*(c1

Da"!a/8ig ?.( sho%s thesystem block diagramof generation of energysource by usingpie3oelectric shoes.Piezoelectric

transducer

!here are all kind ofsituations %here %eneed to convertmechanicalenergy5pressure ormovement of some kind7 into electrical signalsor vice1versa. ,ften %ecan do that %ith apie3oelectrictransducer .a transduceris simply a device that

converts small amountof energy from one kindto another 5for eAampleconvertinglight$sound$ormechanical pressureinto electrical signals7.

8ig(.?1Schematicrepresentation ofthe pie3oelectric

harvestingenergy process.

&s sho%n in fig(.? $this proHectstudies theprocess variablesaffecting thegeneration ofelectric po%erfrom

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Proc. of the Second Intl. Conf. on Advances in Computer, Electronics and Electrical Engineering -- CEEE 2013Copyright Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors. All rights reserved.

ISBN: 978-981-07-6260-5 doi:10.3850/ 978-981-07-6260-5_23

VE

P A D E V !he pie3oelectric effect occurs only innonconductive materials .2ie3oelectric materials canbe

i H o C C l o divided in ? main groupsI crystal and ceramics.

b T w e

l

t

!he most %ell kno%n crystal pie3oelectricmaterial is uart3 5Si,?7$ and the ceramicpie3oelectric

r r e t t c a material is 'ead Jirconate!itanate52J!7.2J! is be

best

pie3oceramics$but the pure 2J! usually is not perfect$

bydoping the pie3oelectric material$ its pie3oelectriccharacteristics can be modifiedI especially the

hardnessor softness of the material$ for eAample$ dopingthe

U R RSb?,=$)b?,;$Ba,= and so on.The working method of the piezoelectric Acoustic

l

e

c e

Generator Element

!he basic element in all of these is a

t h gpie3oelectric ceramic mounted on a metal

diaphragm.

r

a

r u

hen & voltage is applied across theelectrodes ofthepie3oelectric ceramicits eApands and contracts atthe

freuency applied. !his causes the metaldiaphragm

8ig.?.( 2roposed system BlockDiagram

bend $producing sound %aves 5figure ?.=7.!hemetal

2ie3oelectrically$ is an effect that occurs %hendiaphragm is usually brass$ stainless steel or nickelalloy.

mechanical stress is applied to certainmaterials .&n

!hickness less than 0.; mm.2J! ceramic materialis

electrical polari3ation is set up in the crystal %ith the used as the pie3oelectric element. !his element is

result that the faces become electrically charged. !hedesigned so that the mechanical resonantfreuency

charge reverses if the compression changes to tension. matches the freuency of the driving signal.Because the effect is reversible an electric field

applied

across the material causes it to contract or eApand $according to

the sign of the field. 2ie3oelectric material includeL uart3

crystals$ Rochelle salts$ barium titanate

The piezoelectric effect

&s sho%n in figure ?.? the pie3oelectric stress and anelectrical voltage in solids .+t is reversibleI an appliedeffect describes the relation bet%een a mechanical stress%ill generate a voltage and an applied voltage %illchange the shape of the solid by a small amount 5up to a


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>< change in volume7.+n physics the pie3oelectric effectcan be described as the link bet%een electrostatics andmechanics. 8ig ?.=vibration 5ceramic Ndiaphragm7

Available Piezoelectric Generator types

(. t%o terminal circle type?. three terminal circle %ith brim feedback=. three terminal circle %ith centre feedback

>. t%o terminal suare type

election andTesting of piezoelectric transducer

characteristics

e can select the pie3oelectric transducer on thefollo%ing bases

8ig ?.? pie3oelectric effect 8ree from R8 noise and contact sparking

Simple compact and light %eightThe Piezoelectric !aterials

onsume little po%er and have long life

-enerate various timbers of pitches.

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Proc. of the Second Intl. Conf. on Advances in Computer, Electronics and ElectricalEngineering -- CEEE 2013 Copyright Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors. All rightsreserved.

ISBN: 978-981-07-6260-5 doi:10.3850/ 978-981-07-6260-5_23

!o generate voltage at the output of .%e

can apply the mechanical stress to singlesheet of pie3oceramic in t%o %ayI

1longitudinal direction5parallel topolari3ation7. 1!ransverse direction52erpendicular to polari3ation7. hen amechanical stress is applied to a singlesheet of pie3oceramic in the longitudinaldirection 5parallel to polari3ation7$ avoltage is generated %hich tries to returnthe piece to its original thickness.Similarly %hen a stress is applied to thesheet in a transverse direction5perpendicular to polari3ation7$a voltage

is generated %hich tries to return thepiece to its original length and %idth. &sheet bonded to a structural member%hich is stretched or fleAed %ill induceelectrical generation. 8igure ?.> andfigure ?.; sho%s longitudinal andtransverse generators respectively. !oincrease the output of pie3ogenerator$ %ecan connect number of

8ig?.6I Multi1'ayer Stack

-enerator

!he stack sho%n infigure ?.6 compriseslarge number of pie3olayers$ and is a very

stiff structure %ith ahigh capacitance .+t issuitable for handlinghigh force andcollecting a largeuantity of chargeefficiently.

&s sho%n in

figure ?.9 -enerally$ apie3o generator mustdeliver a specifiedcurrent and voltage$%hich determines itsoperating point on the

voltage verses currentline. MaAimum po%ereAtraction for aparticular applicationoccurs %hen thegenerator delivers thereuired voltage at onehalf is closed circuitcurrent. &ll othergenerators satisfying thedesign criteria %ill belarger$ heavier andreuire more po%erinput.


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8ig ?.>

'ongitudinal5d==7-enerator

8ig?.9I 2ie3o -enerator 2erformance

5*oltage versus urrent Diagram7

III.E-)e!/enta* Set')+ Res'*ts

and C(nc*'s(n

8or shoe generator %e can applypie3o vibrations to the follo%ingregulation circuitdiagram5figure=.(7.!heschematicof po%er harvestingcircuit is sho%n in figure=.?

8ig.?.;!ransverse 5d=(7generator

2ie3oelectr

ic

transducer

s

havingsamemo

delnumberare

in

parallel.

&t

theoutputof

combinedpie3

oel

ectrictra

ns

ducer%ecang

et&voltage

.it


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isobviousl

ymorethansi

nglepie

3oelectrict

ransducer.the

multila

yerpie3oele

ctrictransduc

er%ill

be%orkedas

sho%ninfigu

re?.6

(0


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ISBN: 978-981-07-6260-5 doi:10.3850/ 978-981-07-6260-5_23

8ig =.=Schematic of Battery charging circuit.

C(nc*'s(n

8rom the above discussion %e %ill conclude that pie3o8ig =.(*oltage Regulation ircuit

elements are eAcellent for dynamic or transient motion and force sensing. !hey are used as strain gages for easy and

rapid determination of dynamic strains in structures due to their eAtremely high signal or noise ratios 5on the order of;0 times that of %ire strain gages7.!hey reuire on po%er input since they generate their o%n po%er. +n fact this is

%hy they are no% considered useful as energy harvesting and scavenging devices. !hey are small enough thatthey %ill not materially affect the vibrational


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characteristics of most structures.

8ig.=.?Schematic of 2o%er #arvesting ircuit

!his eAperiment investigates the possibility of harvestingpo%er from the vibration of structure such as pie3oelectricshoe .+n order to simulate the vibration of pie3oelectrictransducer an digital storage oscilloscope %as attached tothe output of pie3oelectric transducer. !he input signal isused as for the eAperiment sho%n in figure =.? along %ith

the magnitude of the vibrations measured at the digitalstorage oscilloscope. 2roduced energy by the 2J! can bestore using t%o different %aysIthe first is in capacitor thatallo%s for immediate access to the store energy and thesecond is in the nickel metal hydride battery.

8or the first method of storage can be use the circuitsho%n in figure =.( +t has modified from a circuit designedfor a self1po%ered R8 tagF=G.&nd the second method useda nickel metal hydride button cell battery to store theenergy produced by the 2J! as sho%n in follo%ing figure=.=.

Ac1n(,*ed"e/ent

!his research proHect%ould not have beenpossible %ithout thesupport of my mentor$guide$teachers andfriends.+ am thankful to allthe individuals %hoencouraged and helped me

directly and indirectly tocarry this %ork .!heircontinuous invaluablekno%ledgably guidancethroughout the course ofthis study helped me tocomplete the %ork up tothis stage and hope %illcontinue in furtherresearch.

Re&e!ences

(. Jdenek#adas$*ladislavSingule$Stanislav*echet and

estmir,ndrusekODevelopment of "nergy#arvesting Sources forRemote &pplications asMechatronic systemsP(>th+nternational 2o%er

"lectronics andMotion ontrolonference$ "2"1 2"M

?. Ding #un N *illeKaaHakariOM+R,S!R/!/R"D2,'M"R 8,R S#,"2,"R -")"R&!+,)P!ransducers ?00Q$ Denver$,$ /S&$ une ?(1?;$?00Q

=.M. Duffy$ D. arroll$P"lectromagnetic generatorsfor po%er harvestingP ?00>=;th &nnuali3e 2o%er"lectronics Specialistsonference.

>. K.&minian$P8oot %orninertial sensors for gaitassessment andrehabilitation based onmotori3ed shoesP==rd&nnual +nternationalonference of the +"""

"MBS Boston$Massachusetts /S&$&ugust =0 1 September =$?0((

(0Q


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ISBN: 978-981-07-6260-5 doi:10.3850/ 978-981-07-6260-5_23

;. 'oreto Mateu and 8rancescMollFOSystem1levelsimulation of a self1po%ered sensor %ith pie3oelectricenergy harvestingP ?009 +nternational onference onSensor !echnologies and &pplications.

6. . -. Rocha$ '. M. -onalves$ 2. 8. Rocha$ M. 2.Silva$ and S. 'anceros1MTnde3$P "nergy #arvesting8rom 2ie3oelectric Materials 8ully +ntegrated in8oot%earP +""" !R&)S&!+,)S ,) +)D/S!R+&'"'"!R,)+S$ *,'. ;9$ ),. =$ M&R# ?0(0.

9. 'u hao$ hi1ing !sui and ing1#ung KiP &Batteryless *ibration1based "nergy #arvest.ing Systemfor /ltra 'o% 2o%er /biuitous &pplications.

.Bhim singh $BriH).singh$&mbrishhandra$D%arakaKothari senior members $+"""$&shish2andey studentmember$ +"""PRevie% of single phase improved uality&1D converter.

Ms.KambleSushamaBaburao

Student M !ech 5"lectronics7

RaHarambapu +nstitute of

!echnology$RaHaramnagar$Sakharale1>(;>(6

"mail

[email protected]


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