Nanotechnology and medicine

Dina Khater – 3 April 2011 - SFC

Nanotechnology

Nano is 1×10−9 m.

Nanotechnology deals with structures with a size range of 1 to 100 nm.

It`s based upon molecular self-assembly

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology AT the nano level materials begin to

demonstrate entirely new chemical and physical properties.

Materials can be stronger, lighter and highly soluble , reducing of melting point ……

Nanotechnology

BY manipulating the arrangement of atoms nanotechnology may be able to create many new materials and devices .

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology has severalapplication on many fields such as : o Medicine o Electronics o Energy production o water processing ………

Nanomedicine

•It is the medical application of nanotechnology.

•It`s defined as the repair, construction and control of human biological systems using devices built upon nanotechnology standards .

Nanomedicine• Nanostructured

materials, engineered enzymes and many other products of biotechnology will be very useful in the future .

•High-sophisticated, medically programmable nanomachines and nanorobots are developed .

Nanomedicine That will allow

doctors to approach the human body at the cellular and molecular levels. Interventions such as repairing damaged tissues (bone, muscle, nerve) will be possible.

Nanomedicine

Nanomedicine is a huge industry.

Sales reached 6.8 billion dollars in 2004. USA and European Union are investing billions of dollars and plan to invest more in the future.

Nanomedicine

Nanotechnology can be used in many fields of medicine

•Pharmacy •visualization •cancer •Diagnoses •surgery

Nanopharmacy

It can help in increasing the bioavailability of the drug and biodistributions .

So it will reduce side effects .

It can icrease the solubility of the drug.

Nanopharmacy

It can help giving suspensions as IV injection.

Nanopharmacy

Nanostructures have large surface area which means more room for functional groups which can bind with tumor cells.

Nanopharmacy

the biodistribution of these nanoparticles is mostly unknown due to the difficulty in targeting specific organs in the body.

In mice, gold selectively targeted certain organs based on their size and charge.

Nanopharmacy Positively-charged gold nanoparticles were

found to enter the kidneys .

negatively-charged gold nanoparticles remained in the liver and spleen.

The nanoshells can be targeted to bond to cancerous cells by conjugating antibodies or peptides to the nanoshell surface.

Nanomedicine and cancer

By irradiating the area of the tumor with an infrared laser, which passes through flesh without heating it, the gold is heated sufficiently to cause death to the cancer cells.

photodynamic therapy

If the particle is metal, energy from the Light may also be used to produce high energy ,oxygen molecules which will chemically react with and destroy most organic molecules that are next to them (like tumors).

photodynamic therapy Unlike chemotherapy it does not

leave a “toxic trail”

Surgery

This could solve the difficulties and blood leaks caused when the surgeon tries to re-stitch the arteries that have been cut during a kidney or heart transplant. The flesh welder could weld the artery perfectly

Surgery

Nanoparticles of cadmium selenide (quantum dots) glow when exposed to ultraviolet light. When injected, they seep into cancer tumors. The surgeon can see the glowing tumor, and use it as a guide for more accurate tumor removal.

References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomedicine#cite_note-6

http://www.nanoed.org/concepts_apps/AuNanoShells/InDepthIntroPg1.html#InDepthIntro

http://www.nanomedicinecenter.com/drug-delivery/

Thanks

Thanks

Dina Nabil KhaterKhater_dina@yahoo.com

Supervised by prof. Doctor:

Wael SamiIndustrial pharmacy department

SPC supervisor

Sensor test chips containing thousands of nanowires, able to detect proteins and other biomarkers left behind by cancer cells, could enable the detection and diagnosis of cancer in the early stages from a few drops of a patient's blood.