nanotechnology and applications
DESCRIPTION
By Loh Zheng Yi 3I316. Nanotechnology and Applications. What are the pictures about?. Watch the Video…. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3QLLc-q07Q This video depicts many uses of nanotechnology in electronics and medicine. It also shows a brief overview of the history of nanogold. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
NANOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
By Loh Zheng Yi 3I316
What are the pictures about?
Watch the Video…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3QLLc-q07Q
This video depicts many uses of nanotechnology in electronics and medicine. It also shows a brief overview of the history of nanogold
What is nanotechnology?
Study and application of control of matter on an atomic scale (10^-9)
Applications of nanotechnology Medicine Nanomaterials Molecular Self Assembly Nanoelectronics
Nanomaterials
Characteristics Vastly increased surface area to volume
ratio Altered electronic properties
Uniformity in packing of molecules/atoms
Types Fullerenes Nanotubes Nanoparticles
Nanomaterials
Did you know? In the nanoworld, Copper becomes transparent Aluminum becomes combustible Gold can be used as a catalyst Silicon becomes a conductor Ferroelectric materials are able to switch
their magnetization energy (That means you can’t made a memory chip in
the nanoscale using conventional methods!) Zinc Oxide can block UV light efficiently
(currently used in sunscreen)
Fullerenes
A molecule that is fully composed of carbon
First fullerene to be discovered – C60 fullerene
Various types Buckyballs Nanotubes Megatubes Polymers
Buckyballs
Spherical carbon allotropes
Can also be made with elements such as Boron and Silicon
Applications Can act as aromatics Can act as
superconductors under specific conditions
Nanotubes
Watch the video on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and their applications http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikYhyjPjKBs
Nanotubes Allotropes of carbon such that they resemble a
tube Characteristics
Length to diameter ratios of up to 132 000 000: 1 Extreme strength Efficient thermal conductors along the tube (up to 10
times as much as metals) but insulators perpendicular to the tube length
Electrical conductors Length of up to 18.5cm More than 80times the tensile strength of stainless steel Experiments have created nanotubes harder than
diamond
Applications of nanotubes
Nanomotor Using nanotubes encased
within another nanotube Nanoelectrical systems
A sheet of nanotubes can act as loudspeakers that amplify sound through thermoacousticity
Nanotubes can be used for flexible displays and touchscreens
Application of nanotubes
Solar cells Uses carbon nanotube complexes of
buckyballs and nanotubes Buckyballs can trap electrons when
excited with light energy Nanotubes can then act as wires to
transmit the electrons
Nanoparticles
Small clusters of molecules/atoms that behave as a whole unit
Uniform packing Consists of colloids
Solid particles small enough to exhibit brownian motion
Nanoparticles
History (Yes, this seemingly modern science does have a history) In the Middle ages and the Renaissance
(14th to 17th century), people found a way to make pottery glister
This is done by the glazing of a metallic film of silver and copper nanoparticles onto the clay
Addition of copper and silver salts to
vinegar
The heat (600°C) caused copper and
silver ions to migrate to the surface
A reducing agent would then turn those ions into
nanoparticles of silver and copper
metals
Colloidal Gold Also known as Nanogold Suspension of gold nanoparticles in a fluid Formed by the reduction of chloroauric acid Properties
Colour ranges from yellow to red depending on size of particles Due to the ability of gold nanoparticles to confine
electrons and produce quantum effects Colloidal gold melts near 300°C unlike bulk gold
(1064°C) Gold is now a semiconductor Gold is no longer inert
Application of Nanogold
Technological Purposes Synthesis of extremely fine wires Synthesis of semi conductors for computers Synthesis of touch sensitive screens and advanced
data storage Synthesis of efficient chemical catalysts
Nanogold can catalyze the conversion of Carbon Monoxide into Carbon Dioxide with 100% efficiency
Nanogold can be used to make firefighting masks that protect against CO poisoning for several hours
Nanogold can purify water and detect contamination
Application of Nanogold
Medicinal purposes Gold Nanoparticles can be attached to
antibodies to be used as a beacon which can then be detected by equipment (e.g. dark field imaging) to identify cancer cells
The presence of nanogold in cancer cells also make the cells vulnerable to light energy that would cause nanogold to heat up the cell until it dies
The use of gold nanorods, coupled with IR laser light, can be used to detect tumors deep within the skin
Nanomedicine
The utilization of nanotechnology to help overcome current medicinal technology limits
Applications include Advanced drug delivery methods New therapies Neuroelectronic interfaces and
nanoelectronic based sensors Cell repair machinese?
Drug Delivery
Focuses on maximizing the effect of drugs (so that they do not end up in non useful place)
Nanoparticles can be taken up by cells (unlike bulk materials) because of their size This can cause drugs to be distributed to
the desired cells via complex delivery mechanisms
This can also eliminate problems such as death of normal cells caused by poor biodistribution
Nanoparticles as seekers
Several functional groups can be attached to a nanoparticle
As tumors lack an effective drainage system, nanoparticles can accumulate easily at such cites.
Some nanoparticles such as cadmium selenide glow when exposed to UV rays, thus revealing the cancer cells.
Neuroelectronic Interface
Synthesis of a molecular structure that will allow the neural impulses to be detected
Through nanotechnology, computers may be able to be used to control the neural network and treat diseases that affects the neural network
Many limitations due to possible malfunctions and electrical disruption
Nanoparticles as seekers
References
Lehigh University (2004, April 29). Nanogold Does Not Glitter, But Its Future Looks Bright. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 21, 2010, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/04/040428062059.htm
Chang Qing, Sun (2008, June 27). Nanogold chemistry. SciTopics. Retrieved August 21, 2010, from http://www.scitopics.com/Nanogold_chemistry.html
http://www.mi2g.com/cgi/mi2g/frameset.php?pageid=http%3A//www.mi2g.com/cgi/mi2g/press/110210.php
http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=15631.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomedicine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotube http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanogold http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomaterials http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle