Nanoscale Power Delivery & PI

OverviewThe Power Integrity (PI) Wall

PI Analysis

Management & Innovation Potential

Publications & Discussion

Raj Nair, Anasim Corp. Aug. 21, 2013 (Updated)

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 2

Power Integrity & the PI Wall

20nm SoC to 16nm FinFET transition Appears Constant Power and Constant Power Density, higher cost

~40% PI degradation; with k = 0.8 and the inverse k-root-k metric

16nm to 10nm Scale factor 0.625, leads to > 2X (> 100%) degradation in PI!!

We have seen PI-related product failures (FMAX, INRUSH I) in the past and the present. Business as usual NOT an option.

PI degradation with scaling* ~= 1k√k

For constant power density (CPD) or constant power (CP) scaling,where k is the process scaling factor, typically 0.7

Classical CPD/CP scaling → ~70% degradation in PI

* “Power Integrity Analysis and Management for ICs”, Prentice-Hall, May 2010

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 3

PI analysis prior art (Droop, IR Drop)

Lumped and Polygonal Not True-Physical and Spatio-Temporal, eliminates spatial variance and temporal coincidence

Not wideband, and leads to pessimistic, non-optimal chip/pkg/board design. Loses local resonances, constructive/destructive noise interference

W ith D ie C a p s

W ith o u t D ie C a p s

W ith D ie C a p s

W ith o u t D ie C a p s

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 4

Differential¹ modeling & design

Grids, transmission lines/planesAbstract, system level, continuous²No freq/time domain discontinuities

² “Power Integrity Analysis and Management for ICs”, Prentice-Hall, May 2010¹ Integrity learning from the SI world and from fundamentals

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 5

PI: How do droops REALLY look?

Supply differential

True-physical power grid noise (π-fp); droops and propagation

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 6

Continuum³ analysis insight

True-physical noise wave propagation (rlcsim)

³ “Power Delivery, Integrity Analysis and Management for SoC's”, SoC 2007, FI

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 7

PI mngmnt: Fundamental methods

0.0E+00

2.0E-07

4.0E-07

6.0E-07

8.0E-07

1.0E-06

1.2E-06

1.4E-06

1.6E-06

-2 -1 0 1 2

Vg [V]

C [

f/c

m^

2) 1

2

3

1.5

1 nS

A

100

1 nS

V

1

V= 50mV

VCC

On-die capacitance

Quantity

Type (fixed/variable)

Degradation in deep nanoscale (Q, leak)

Placement and distribution

~130nm process

Can a fine-grain distribution of de-coupling capacitors minimize the di/dt problem?

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 8

PI management: Power Grid Design

Differential grid architectureNovel simulation algo. & IP*What-if analysis in minutes...

* “Power Integrity Analysis and Management for ICs”, Prentice-Hall, May 2010

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 9

PI management: Power Grid Sims

Anasim Corp., Power Integrity Aware Methodology

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 10

PI Management: Package Cap Loop-L4

4 “Power Delivery, Integrity Analysis and Management for SoC's”, SoC 2007, FI

st

d

pif Iret

C

LIVV

)s in ( 1

d

p

C

LIV

1

1

1

12

11

1

1111 C

L

V

fVCk

C

LIVkV iv

2

2

2

12

22

2

2222 C

L

V

fVCk

C

LIVkV iv

2

1

fcl SSS

Quintuplet and Triplet loop-L scaling

0.01

0.1

1

10

P858 P860 P1262 P1264

Process

loo

p-L

, p

HQ-scaling T-scaling

Load-shift induced noise Transient & DC

Package dependency

Scaling challenge

Exponent of scale factor

Pkg. caps help, but...

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 11

PI management: Fast Regulation Simulation (0.18μm)

Idealized parasitics 4:1 ESL ratio between grids

Capacitance evenly distributed

N-Series-Pass Inherently stable

Fast response

Charge Valve benefits ~25% VCC droop reduction in

sim

Apparently kicks in within 50pS

LVDCAP and HVDCAP were 5pF each in the active configuration and 10pF, 0pF in the inactive mode.

65mV droop88mV droop

Sub-50pS response

Raj Nair, “Distributed charge Valves”, research conducted in late 1999 at Intel Labs, Oregon

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 12

PI mngmnt: Active Noise Regulation*

*Raj Nair, “Active Noise Regulators”, US Patent 7291896,http://www.anasim.com/active-noise-regulation/

Tested in lumped (b/w) and continuum (π-fp) model simulations

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 13

Distributed Local Voltage Regulation5

5 “Power Delivery, Integrity Analysis and Management for SoC's”, SoC 2007, FI6 Nair, US patent appl. pub. US 2005/0168890 A1, filed Jan. 24, 2004

Split, distribute lumped regulator components

Switches

Inductors, CAPs

Reducing IL per

branch Increases Bandwidth

LC α (1/f2)

Reducing CAP need And Efficiency

I2R losses reduced significantly (ind.) Transient-suppressing high-BW regulation6

Modular design Flexible form factor

Distributes power and heat dissipation

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 14

PI mngmnt. innovation opportunities Board, package, and chip-level

Regulation, form-factor dependent

Hybrid regulation

Active noise regulation

Distributed voltage regulation

Integration (on-die, on-pkg...)

Tools & Methodology (Architecture, Design, Verification...)

References

Power Integrity Analysis and Management for Integrated CircuitsRaj Nair & Donald BennettPrentice-Hall, Publication Date: May 17, 2010 | ISBN-10: 0137011229 | ISBN-13: 978-0137011223 | Edition: 1http://www.amazon.com/Integrity-Analysis-Management-Integrated-Circuits/dp/0137011229/

Power Integrity for Nanoscale Integrated SystemsMasanori Hashimoto & Raj NairMcGraw-Hill, Publication Date: February 26, 2014 | ISBN-10: 0071787763 | ISBN-13: 978-0071787765 | Edition: 1http://www.amazon.com/Power-Integrity-Nanoscale-Integrated-Systems/dp/0071787763/

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 15

C P U

C aps A c tive dev iceA c tive dev ice

C P U

C aps A c tive dev iceA c tive dev ice

Backup slides

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 16

5 4 p

L m b

0 .4 2 m

R m b

6 m /n _ o s cR o s c

3 .3 n /n _ o s cL o s c

5 0 4 u *n _ o s cC o s c

1 0 u *n _ 2 tC 2 t

3 8 5 p /n _ 2 tL 2 t

6 .5 m /n _ 2 tR 2 t

3 .5 p

L p kg

0 .2 6 m

R p kg4 0 p s /1 8 8 nR d ie

V2

ANR Schematic & the PSC PO R M odel: Illustrations

Trace

Board

4 m

R 4

3 8 5 p

L 4

2 0 m

R 3

6 n

L 3

5 0 4 uC 1

3 .3 nL 2

1 8 n

L 1

5V1

3 0 m

R 16 mR 2

Q 1

AN R C o m p o n e n t

P a cka g e co n n .

2 2 uC 2

Reservoir CAP

G 1

1

1 8 8 nC d ie

6 .5 m /n _ id cR id c

6 0 p /n _ id cL id c

2 .2 u *n _ id cC id c

0 .2 2 m

R s o ck

1 8 p

L s o ck

2 0 u *n _ m lccC m lcc

1 .2 n /n _ m lccL m lcc

3 .5 m /n _ m lccR m lccvid

Vvr

Lumped simulation model with ANR

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 17

PRESCOTT Pre-ANR

08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 18

PRESCOTT Post-ANR