naming & writing formulas
DESCRIPTION
Naming & Writing Formulas. For Molecular & Ionic Compounds. Naming Molecular Compounds. Non-metal + Non-metal Step 1: write the element name for the first non-metal add a prefix ….(if there is more than one atom) Step 2: Write the second element name and add an ide ending - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Naming Naming &&
Writing FormulasWriting FormulasForFor
Molecular & Ionic CompoundsMolecular & Ionic Compounds
![Page 2: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Naming Molecular Compounds
Non-metal + Non-metal
• Step 1: write the element name for the first
non-metal add a prefix ….(if there is more than
one atom)
• Step 2: Write the second element name and
add an ide ending Add a prefix
![Page 3: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Exceptions
• DO NOT use any prefixes at all if the first element is hydrogen ……these are acids
Prefixes
1 = 6 =
2 = 7 =
3 = 8 =
4 = 9 =
5 = 10 =
mono
ditri
tetra
penta
hexa
hepta
octa
nona
deca
![Page 4: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Examples
• P4O10 tetraphosphorus decaoxide
• bromine heptahydride
• H2S hydrogen sulfide
BrH7
![Page 5: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Try the Following
• CO(g)
• CO2(g)
• N3F8
carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
Trinitrogen octafluoride
![Page 6: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Writing Formulas for Molecular Compounds
• Steps: Write each elements symbol Write the subscript number (the prefix)
• E.g. dinitrogen oxide N2O
Sulfur dioxide S20
![Page 7: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Try the Following
• oxygen dibromide
• diphosphorus pentasulphide
• carbon tetraiodide
• phosphorus pentachloride
OBr2
P2S5
CI4
PCl5
![Page 8: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Molecular Compounds that Must be memorized !!!
ammonia
water
NH3 ( g) =
H2O ( l) =H2S ( g) =
CH4 ( g) =
CH3OH ( l) =C2H6 ( g) =C2H5OH ( l) =
C6H12O6 ( s) =
hydrogen sulphide
methane
methanolethane
ethanol
glucosesucroseC12H22O11 ( s) =
hydrogen peroxideozoneO3 ( g) =
H2O2 ( l) =
![Page 9: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Metal + non-metal
• DO NOT USE PREFIXES
• Steps
1.Write the metal 1st
2. Write the non-metal 2nd with an ide ending
![Page 10: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
E.g. NaF
Na2Ssodium fluoride
sodium sulphide
two sodium ions are bonded with one sulphide ion… this doesn’t matter for naming ionic compound
![Page 11: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Try the Following
• LiF
• KCl
• BeS
• Rb3P
• MgF2
• Na2O
• CsBr
lithium fluoride
potassium chloride
beryllium sulphide
rubidium phosphidemagnesium fluoride
sodium oxide
cesium bromide
![Page 12: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Try the Following
• KCl
• MgBr2
• Ba3N2
• ScP
potassium chloride
magnesium bromide
barium nitride
scandium phosphide
![Page 13: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds
• Steps
1.Look up the symbol for each…& write the metal first
2.Balance the charges (total + charges = total – charges)
3.Use subscripts to show the # of each element
![Page 14: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
sodium oxide
1+ Charge 2 Charge
1+ 2 = 2+ 2 1 = 2
Na2O
![Page 15: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
calcium phosphide
2+ Charge 3 Charge
2+ 3 = 6+ 3 2 = 6
Ca3P2
![Page 16: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Try the Following
• magnesium chloride
• calcium chloride
• zinc sulphide
• silver sulphide
• germanium oxide
• calcium arsenide
• magnesium nitride
MgCl2
CaCl2
ZnS
Ag2S
GeO2
Ca3As2
Mg3N2
![Page 17: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Try the Following
• lithium iodide
• zinc fluoride
• strontium phosphide
• silver oxide
• germanium arsenide
LiI
ZnF2
Sr3P2
Ag2O
Ge3As4
![Page 18: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Naming Multivalent Ionic Compounds
• Transition metal ions have more than one possible charge
Cu2+, Cu+, Fe3+, Fe2+
transition metal + non-metal
![Page 19: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Steps
1. Write metal 1st with the charge in roman numerals
2.Write non-metal second
remember the charges have to balance
Roman Numerals (I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII)
![Page 20: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Examples
uranium (VI) fluoride
chromium (III) nitride
cobalt (II) chloride
U6+ F–
Cr3+ N3-
Co2+ Cl-
UF6
CrN
CoCl2
![Page 21: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Try the Following
• AuBr
• CrCl2
• Co2O3
• VS2
• PuN2
gold (I) bromide
chromium (II) chloride
cobalt (III) oxide
vanadium (IV) sulphide
plutonium (VI) nitride
![Page 22: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Naming Complex Ions
Metal + complex ion
• Steps:
1. Name the metal ion
2. Name the complex ion E.g.) PO43
Note: NH4+ (ammonium ion) is the
only positive complex ion…it will take the place of a metal
![Page 23: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Examples
• CaCO3
• Ba(OH)2
• (NH4)3N
![Page 24: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• CaCO3
• Ba(OH)2
• (NH4)3N
Solutions
Calcium carbonate
Barium hydroxide
Ammonium nitride
![Page 25: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Try the Following
• KIO3
• NaCH3COO
• MgSO3
• NH4NO3
• Ca3(PO4)2
potassium iodate
sodium acetate
magnesium sulphite
ammonium nitrate
calcium phosphate
![Page 26: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Writing Formulas For Complex Ions
• Steps:
1. Look up the symbol for each ion
2. Balance the charges
• Note: if you need more than 1 complex ion to balance the charges use brackets
• E.g. Ca(CH3COO)2
2+ 1 -
![Page 27: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Try the Following
• aluminum phosphate
• calcium sulphite
• scandium acetate
• ammonium sulphate
• nickel (II) phosphate
• aluminum chlorate
AlPO4
Al(ClO3)3
CaSO3
Sc(CH3COO)3
(NH4)2SO4
Ni3(PO4) 2
![Page 28: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
SolubilitySolubility
Will the compound dissolve in water?Will the compound dissolve in water?
![Page 29: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Soluble
• Refers to whether or not the compound dissolves in water
• If it is…. the compound is aqueous (aq)
• All acids are soluble
• Some ionic compounds are soluble… the rest are solids
![Page 30: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Is It soluble?
• This will apply to ionic compounds (only)
• Steps
1. Find each ion in the boxes across the top
2. if it is soluble it will have (aq) aqueous
3. If it does not dissolve it will have (s) solid.
![Page 31: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Determine if the following compounds are soluble in water. Use the proper subscript to indicate the state.
• AgCl• BaCO3
• LiOH• Ca2(PO4)3
• NaCl• CaI2
• Pb(NO3)2
• HMnO4
![Page 32: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• AgCl
• BaCO3
• LiOH
• Ca2(PO4)3
• NaCl
• CaI2
• Pb(NO3)2
• HMnO4
(s)
(s)
(aq)
(s)
(aq)
(aq)
(aq)
(aq)
![Page 33: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Acids & BasesAcids & Bases
![Page 34: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Acids
• They are always soluble in water
• Conduct electricity
• Taste sour
• React with metals to produce hydrogen gas (H2(g))
• Neutralize a base
![Page 36: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
• they ALWAYS have hydrogen ….usually as the first element
• E.g. HCl(aq) , H3PO4(aq)
• There are three types: Binary Oxo Organic
![Page 38: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Binary Acids
• contain only H and one other element (Cl, Br, etc.)
• E.g. HCl (aq)
![Page 39: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Oxo Acids
• Contain H and Oxygen
• E.g. H3PO4(aq)
![Page 40: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Organic Acids
• Contain C, H, & O
• The H is written at the end
• All have COO-
• E.g. CH3COOH(aq) – acetic acid
![Page 41: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
C6H5COOH(aq) - benzoic acid
HOOCCOOH(aq) – oxalic acid
![Page 42: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Acid Indicators
• Turns blue litmus paper red
• Able to turn bromothymol blue to yellow
• Phenolphthalein remains colorless
• E.g. lemon juice
![Page 43: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Bases
• Are usually soluble in water
• Conduct electricity (not weak ones)
• Neutralize acids
• Taste bitter
• Usually solids
• Feel slippery
![Page 44: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Base Indicators
• Turns red litmus paper blue
• Bromothymol blue remains blue
• Turns phenolphthalein pink
• E.g. baking soda, Rolaids, soap, Draino crystals
![Page 45: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Naming Acids
• Steps:
Hydrogen ____ide becomes hydro____ic acid
Hydrogen ____ate becomes _______ic acid
Hydrogen ____ ite becomes _______ ous acid
![Page 46: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Examples
• HF (aq) • H2SO3 (aq)
• H3BO3 (aq)
• HCl (g)
hydrogen fluoride = hydrofluoric acid
hydrogen sulphite = sulphurous acid
hydrogen borate = boric acid
Hydrogen chloride (not an acid)
![Page 47: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
hydrosulphuric acid phosphorus acid
carbonic acid
hydrogen phosphite H3PO3 (aq)
1+ 3-
hydrogen carbonate H2CO3(aq)
1+ 2-
hydrogen sulphide H2S (aq)
1+ 2-
Try the Following
![Page 48: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Writing Acid Formulas• Steps:
1. Use the naming rules in the opposite direction
• Example:
hydrosulphuric acid
hydrogen sulphide H2S(aq)
![Page 49: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Try the Following
• carbonic acid
• chlorous acid
hydrogen carbonate
hydrogen chlorite
H2CO3(aq)
HClO2(aq)
![Page 50: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Naming Bases
• Steps:
1. Write the metal name 1st
2. Write hydroxide or bicarbonate
E. g. NaOH sodium hydroxide
![Page 51: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Try the Following
• KOH
• Ba(OH)2
• NaHCO3
potassium hydroxide
barium hydroxidesodium bicarbonate
![Page 52: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Chemical Reactions• Can cause a physical or a chemical
change
• Always results in the formation of a new substance
• Evidence:
1. Temperature change
2. Formation of a precipitate
3. Colour change
4. Gas produces
![Page 53: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
states states
balancing
Reactants Products
1 H2 (g)+1 ZnCl2(aq)2 HCl(aq)1 Zn(s)+
![Page 55: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Energy Changes
• Can occur in the form of heat, light, electrical, or mechanical
• There are two types: Endothermic Exothermic
![Page 56: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
• Endothermic Energy is absorbed (enters) Reactants + Energy products
• Exothermic Energy is released (leaves) Reactants product + energy
![Page 57: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Balancing Equations
• There must be equal numbers of each element on both sides of the equation
Use lowest numbers
![Page 58: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Example
____Mg(s) + ___ O2(g) ___ MgO(s)
____ H2O(l) ____H2(g) + ____ O2(g)
![Page 59: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
• When chemicals react they follow the Law of Conservation of Matter:
Matter can not be created or destroyed it only changes form
• Mass of reactants = mass of products
![Page 60: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Counting Practice
• How many of each element are in the following compounds?
1. NaCl 5. NH4CH3COO
2. BaBr2 6. 3 (NH4)2S
3. (NH4)3P 7. 2 CaCl2
4. Ba(OH)2 8. 8 PbI2
9. 4 Zn(CH3COO)2
![Page 61: Naming & Writing Formulas](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022033019/56815a6f550346895dc7d072/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Balancing Practice
____ Cu(s) + ____ AgNO3(aq) ____ Ag(s) + ___Cu(NO3)2(g)
___ Cl2(g) + ____ NaBr(aq) ____ Br2(l) + ____ NaCl(aq)
____ KI(aq) + ___ Pb(NO3)2(aq) ___ PbI2(s) + ___KNO3(aq)
____ CH4(g) + ____ O2(g) ____ CO2(g) + ____ H2O(g)