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Name _______________

Per. _________ Biology Homework Chapter 5: The Cell

Pages 115 - 133 Answer the questions with complete thoughts!

* Sections 5.1 through 5.3: Cells Are the Units of Life: Read pages 115 to 122 PART A: Define the terms.

Cytology _______________________________________________________________________________________

Microscope _____________________________________________________________________________________

Prokaryotic cell _________________________________________________________________________________

Eukaryotic cell __________________________________________________________________________________

Organelle ______________________________________________________________________________________

PART B: 1. In your own words explain this statement. “Cells are the basic unit of life”. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Define the terms and give an example of each: UNICELLULAR organism ________________________________________________________________________

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MULTICELLULAR organism ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. State the CELL THEORY. (2 main ideas) ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Summarize the achievements of: a. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek _______________________________________________________________________

b. Robert Hooke _________________________________________________________________________________

c. Schleiden and Schwann _________________________________________________________________________

d. Rudolph Virchow_______________________________________________________________________________

5. How have the use of stains and dyes helped biologist to understand the structure of the cell? __________________

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6. Draw and label the 3 basic regions of a cell, (cell membrane, cytoplasm & nuclear region) 7. Compare the Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes by writing “yes or no” below.

Characteristic PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES NUCLEUS

DNA ORGANELLES*

PRIMITIVE STRUCTURES (*)Present in almost all organisms PART C: 1. Read, study and know pages 115 - 122. Answer questions 3 through 5 in the CONCEPT REVIEW on page 122. Answer the questions in complete intelligent answers. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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Possible Essay: 1. At one time people believed that organisms could be formed spontaneously from nonliving matter. Evaluate (respond to) this belief in light of the cell theory. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________ * Sections 5.4 and 5.5: Cell Structure: Read pages 122 - 124 PART A: Define the terms in your own words. Cell Wall ______________________________________________________________________________________

Cytoplasm _____________________________________________________________________________________

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PART B: 1. Label the parts of typical plant and animal cells.

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2. Give two ways plant and animal cells are different. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Describe the FUNCTION of each of the following: NUCLEUS ______________________________________________________________________________________

MITOCHONDRIA ________________________________________________________________________________

FLAGELLA _____________________________________________________________________________________

LYSOSOMES ___________________________________________________________________________________

RIBOSOMES ___________________________________________________________________________________

VACUOLES ____________________________________________________________________________________

CHLOROPLASTS ________________________________________________________________________________

CYTOSKELETON ________________________________________________________________________________

PLASTIDS ______________________________________________________________________________________

PART C:

Read, study and know pages 122 - 124. Answer questions 1 through 3 in the CONCEPT REVIEW on page 124. Answer the questions in complete intelligent answers. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________ Possible Essays: 1. Between which cell types is the difference greater – plant and animal cells, or between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Give reasons to support your answer. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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2. In mammals, cells that produce movement (e.g. muscle cells) are found to have many more mitochondria than do some other cells in the body. What might be the explanation for this observation? _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________ * Sections 5.6 and 5.7: Cell Functions: Read pages 124 - 127 PART A: Define the terms.

Metabolism _____________________________________________________________________________________

Diffusion _______________________________________________________________________________________

Osmosis _______________________________________________________________________________________

Plasma membrane (cell membrane) __________________________________________________________________

PART B: Refer to the demonstration performed by Ms. B for questions 1 and 2 below: 1. Make a prediction (hypothesis) about what you think will happen to the mass (grams) of the egg when placed in distilled water overnight. * Support your prediction with a scientific explanation and a colored drawing, and key below! Hint: use terms such as, diffusion and water concentration. You must record mass data too. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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Mass of egg before (g) Mass of egg after (g)

Final Change in mass (g) __________________ NEXT DAY: 2. Following the Demonstration answer questions a and b below: a) Briefly explain why the egg mass changed the way it did when left in distilled water overnight. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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b) What do you think will happen to the egg mass if it were to be put into salt water overnight? Please include a drawing. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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PART C: 1. Discuss how the cell membrane is like or (analogous to) a screen door. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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2. Draw and label the cell membrane. Be sure to include: phospholipids, transport proteins, cholesterol molecules, and cell surface marker “ID tags”. (See Figure 5.12, page 127) * Sections 5.9 through 5.11: Read pages 128 - 132 PART A: Define the terms. Chromosomes ___________________________________________________________________________________

Cell cycle ______________________________________________________________________________________

Mitosis ________________________________________________________________________________________

Cellular reproduction _____________________________________________________________________________ PART B: 1. How does the size of a cell affect the rate of diffusion?

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2. What happens during INTERPHASE?

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3. What must be duplicated (make copies of) before a cell can divide? Explain.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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4. When a cell is not in INTERPHASE what phase must it be in? (See figure 5.14; page 128)

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5. The nuclear division phase of the cell cycle is called MITOSIS, what are the names of its four stages?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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6. What is the biological importance of cell division?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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7. Give two unique characteristics of malignant tumors (cancer cells). _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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PART C: 1. If a cell has 15 chromosomes in the nucleus during the G1 phase, how many chromosomes will it have during G2? _______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. If a cell has 20 chromosomes in the nucleus at the end of the S phase, how many chromosomes did it have during

the G1 phase?

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3. If a cell has 30 chromosomes in the nucleus during the G1 phase, how many chromosomes will each of the two

new daughter cells have?

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4. How are the two daughter cells formed from mitosis similar to their parent cell?

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MICROSCOPE LECTURE REVIEW

1. What are the five rules for proper microscope storage? 2. Describe the proper way to carry a microscope. 3. Explain why a microscope must be carried as described in #2. 4. Describe how to make a wet mount slide. 5. When should the coarse focus knob be used in adjusting a microscope? 6. When should the fine focus knob be used in adjusting a microscope? 7. What is the purpose of the diaphragm? 8. List all the steps involved when focusing on a specimen.

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9.

11c.

11b.

11a.

10.

12.

13.

14.

18. 17.

15.

16.

Label the parts of the microscope: