name: date: british columbia...british columbia british columbia (b.c.) is the westernmost province...

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NAME: DATE: British Columbia British Columbia (B.C.) is the westernmost province in Canada and the third largest province. To the west of B.C. is the Pacific Ocean and to the east is Alberta. To the north is both the Yukon and the Northwest Territories and to the south is the United States of America. Victoria is the capital city of British Columbia and is located on Vancouver Island. Although Vancouver is the thirst largest city in Canada, it is not the capital city of this province. THE PEOPLE British Columbia is the home to over Y.Y million people. The oFFicial language of British Columbia is English. British Columbia is also home to a wide variety of ethnic groups such as the English, Scottish, Irish, German and Chinese. There are also some groups of First Nations people here including the Heida, Tlingit, Tsimshian and other groups. British Columbia also has the largest Chinese community in Canada. PHYSICAL FEATURES The Fraser River is one of the largest rivers in Canada and this river Flows into the Pacific Ocean. British Columbia has national parks, mountain ranges, plateaus and rolling land. This province is part of the Cordillera region. THE CLIMATE The coastal mountains protect the interior coast From the cold Arctic air masses in the winter. The coastal region experiences rainfall and mild temperatures throughout the year because oF the Pacific Ocean being located to the West. Victoria is warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer compared to the central areas of the province. RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES Forest covers two-thirds oF the province of British Columbia. This makes Forestry one of the largest industries to be Found in B.C. other popular industries include mining where B.C. is home to minerals like copper, coal, gold, silver and zinc. Being close to the Pacific Ocean also makes Fishing a large industry in B.C. Salmon, halibut, clams, cod, crab and oysters are all Fished here. Farming is also popular, especially in the Fraser Valley where cattle and dairy Farms exist. 90% oF BC Hydro's generation is produced by hydroelectricity and BC is also Canada's second largest natural gas producer. INTERESTING INFORMATION Tourism is a mqjor part of British Columbia's economy. People come here to see the mountains and the coastline and to ski. Vancouver hosted the 2010 Olympic games © T eachingina Wonderland 2015 42

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NAME: DATE:

British Columbia British Columbia (B.C.) is the

westernmost province in Canada and the third largest province. To the west of B.C. is the Pacific Ocean and to the east is Alberta. To the north is both the Yukon and the Northwest Territories and to the south is the United States of America.

Victoria is the capital city of British Columbia and is located on Vancouver Island. Although Vancouver is the thirst largest city in Canada, it is not the capital city of this province.

THE PEOPLE British Columbia is the home to

over Y.Y million people. The oFFicial language of British Columbia is English. British Columbia is also home to a wide variety of ethnic groups such as the English, Scottish, Irish, German and Chinese. There are also some groups of First Nations people here including the Heida, Tlingit, Tsimshian and other groups. British Columbia also has the largest Chinese community in Canada.

PHYSICAL FEATURES The Fraser River is one of the

largest rivers in Canada and this river Flows into the Pacific Ocean. British Columbia has national parks, mountain ranges, plateaus and rolling land. This province is part of the Cordillera region.

THE CLIMATE The coastal mountains protect the

interior coast From the cold Arctic air masses in the winter. The coastal region experiences rainfall and mild temperatures throughout the year because oF the Pacific Ocean being located to the West.

Victoria is warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer compared to the central areas of the province.

RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES Forest covers two-thirds oF the

province of British Columbia. This makes Forestry one of the largest industries to be Found in B.C. other popular industries include mining where B.C. is home to minerals like copper, coal, gold, silver and zinc.

Being close to the Pacific Ocean also makes Fishing a large industry in B.C. Salmon, halibut, clams, cod, crab and oysters are all Fished here.

Farming is also popular, especially in the Fraser Valley where cattle and dairy Farms exist.

90% oF BC Hydro's generation is produced by hydroelectricity and BC is also Canada's second largest natural gas producer.

INTERESTING INFORMATION Tourism is a mqjor part of British

Columbia's economy. People come here to see the mountains and the coastline and to ski. Vancouver hosted the 2010 Olympic games

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 42

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Alberta Alberta is one of the three

provinces known as the "Prairie provinces." Alberta is the Fourth largest province in Canada. To the east of Alberta is Saskatchewan and British Columbia is to the west. To the north is the Northwest Territories and the United States oF America is to the south.

The capital city of Alberta is Edmonton, which is one of the largest cities in Alberta along with Calgary.

THE PEOPLE Alberta is home to over Y.I million

people. The oFFicial language of Alberta is English. Alberta is the third most diverse province in terms of minorities. Among these ethnic groups are English, German, Scottish, Irish, French and Ukrainian. There are also a variety of First Nation communities in Alberta.

PHYSICAL FEATURES The main rivers in Alberta are the

Peace River, North and South Saskatchewan River and Athabasca River. There are Five national parks in Alberta and BanFF National Park is the oldest national park in Canada. A large mountain range is Found on the western border oF Alberta and the badlands (dry, sandy and rocky area) is Found in southeastern Alberta.

Northern Alberta is covered with Forests and the rest of the province is on a great plain. Forests cover more than halF oF the province.

THE CLIMATE The climate oF Alberta varies.

Average winter temperatures can either be mild in the southwest or Freezing cold in the north. Alberta receives plenty of rain and snowfall each year but this province also experiences some dry months.

RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES Alberta is home to oil, natural

gas and coal. In Alberta there are nine mqjor coal mines. This province is also the main producer oF oil and natural gas in Canada because Alberta has the third largest oil reserves in the world.

Forestry is another mqjor industry in Alberta because Forests cover halF oF Alberta.

Farming and agriculture are also mqjor industries because the soil is good For growing crops such as oats, canola and barley. This soil makes Alberta the second largest agricultural producer in Canada.

Alberta is also the largest cattle-producing province in Canada. You will Find many dairy Farms and cattle ranches here.

INTERESTING INFORMATION The mountain scenery oF BanFF

and Jasper national parks attracts thousands of tourists each year. The Calgary stampede is also popular and has events such as bull riding, calF roping and chuck wagon racing.

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 43

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Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is the 7th largest

province in Canada and is located in the central prairie region of Canada. To the west of Saskatchewan is Alberta and to the east is Manitoba. To the south is the USA and to the north is the Northwest territories.

The capital city oF Saskatchewan is Regina. Saskatchewan is the second of two provinces in Canada to be completely landlocked (no surrounding water).

THE PEOPLE Saskatchewan is home to over I

million people. The largest ethnic group in Saskatchewan is German Followed by English, Scottish, Irish, Ukrainian and French. Some of the First Nations Found in Saskatchewan include the Chipewyan, Assiniboine and Blackfoot. The largest cities in Saskatchewan are Regina and Saskatoon.

PHYSICAL FEATURES One halF of the land in

Saskatchewan is Forest and one third is Farmland. There are over 100,00 lakes, rivers and streams in Saskatchewan. The southern region of Saskatchewan is mainly Flat prairie with some rolling hills and valleys. The two mqjor physical regions in Saskatchewan include the Canadian Shield and the Interior Plains.

Saskatchewan is also one of the most tornado-active parts oF Canada.

INDUSTRIES & JOBS Saskatchewan is home to over

5Y% of Canada's wheat crop. Some of the crops that Saskatchewan produces includes canola, rye, oats, barley, Flaxseeds, and wheat. Saskatchewan is also known For raising hogs, cattle and poultry on Farms.

Saskatchewan is also rich in minerals such as potash, uranium, coal, oil and natural gas. Saskatchewan is the one of the leaders in the exportation of potash. This province is also the second largest producer oF oil in Canada and the third largest producer oF natural gas.

INTERESTING INFORMATION Saskatchewan is home to the

RCMP Heritage Centre and Training Academy. The most popular sport in the province is hockey, although Saskatchewan does not have its own hockey team.

Saskatchewan also has more road surface than any other province in Canada.

THE CLIMATE Saskatchewan experiences both

long, cold winters and hot, dry summers.

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 44

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Manitoba Manitoba is one of the three prairie

provinces in Canada. It is located in the centre of Canada. Ontario is to the east of Manitoba and Saskatchewan is to the West. Nunavut and the Hudson Bay are to the north and the US is to the south. The capital city oF Manitoba is Winnipeg.

THE PEOPLE Manitoba is home to over a million

people and Winnipeg is the largest city with almost 60% oF the entire population living in the capital city. Manitoba is home to many ethnic origins such as Scottish, English, German, Ukrainian, French and Aboriginal people.

PHYSICAL FEATURES Manitoba is known as the land oF

100,00 lakes. The three largest lakes Found here include Lake Winnipeg, Lake Winnipegosis and Lake Manitoba. Lake Winnipeg is the third largest lake in Canada.

Forests containing pine trees, hemlocks and birch cover northern Manitoba. In the southern part oF Manitoba is the prairie region. Manitoba is part of the Canadian Shield.

THE CLIMATE Manitoba experiences blizzards with

strong winds and extreme cold temperatures in the wintertime. Polar air masses bring cold air From the Arctic Ocean down inland. In Fact, Winnipeg has the coldest winters oF any mqjor city in Canada.

INDUSTRIES & JOBS Since Manitoba is part oF the

Canadian Shield, many minerals and metals are Found here including nickel, gold, copper, zinc and cobalt. Manitoba is a world leader in the production of Nickel.

The lakes that Manitoba is home to include many species of Fresh water Fish include the whitefish, pike, pickerel, trout and bass.

Forestry is another mqjor industry in Manitoba because 57% of the land in Manitoba is covered with Forest and wooded areas.

Manitoba also produces hydroelectric power and sells this power to other provinces and to the US.

Agriculture and Farming are also mqjor industries in Manitoba. Farmers grow canola, sunflowers, oats, rye, Flax and buckwheat. All of these crops are made into cereal and oil products.

INTERESTING INFORMATION The Royal Canadian Mint is

located in Winnipeg and this is where coins are made. Churchill, located in Northern Manitoba, is the polar bear capital of the world.

Winnipeg is also home to the Winnipeg Jets, which is an NHL team. Curling is another sport that is popular in Manitoba as well as long track speed skating.

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 45

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Ontario Ontario is a province located in

Eastern Canada. Ontario is the second largest province in Canada. Quebec is to the east of Ontario, Manitoba is to the west, Great Lakes are to the south and both the Hudson Bay and James Bay are north.

The capital city oF Ontario is Toronto. The capital city oF Canada, Ottawa is in southeastern Ontario.

THE PEOPLE The oFFicial languages of Ontario

are English and French. More people live in Ontario than any other province. Ontario is home to over 13 million people. The largest city in Ontario is Toronto and almost halF of the people in Toronto were born in other countries. Ontario is home to many ethnic groups include, Chinese, Irish, Scottish, Indian and Italian. In Toronto you will Find various ethnic neighbourhoods such as Chinatown, Greek town and Little Italy.

PHYSICAL FEATURES Water covers about one sixth of

the province of Ontario. There are approximately 250,000 lakes here and a number of rivers and streams. Four out oF Five Great Lakes are located in Ontario. Forests cover two-thirds oF Ontario. Ontario is divided into three physical regions including the Great Lakes­ St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Canadian Shield and the Hudson Bay Lowlands

THE CLIMATE The climate oF Ontario varies

From season to season. Winters are cold here, but the summers are warm. The growing season is long and the climate allows For rich, Fertile soil For Farming and agricultural practices.

INDUSTRIES & JOBS Northern Ontario is rich in Forests,

minerals and hydroelectric power. Mining is a mqjor industry in

Ontario. Zinc, nickel, platinum, oil, natural gas, copper, gold, silver and iron ore are all mined here. Ontario is the main producer of nickel and salt in Canada.

Another mqjor industry is the manufacturing of automobiles and auto parts.

Agriculture plays an important role in the economy as well because of the rich, Fertile soil that is Found in the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands region. Ontario is the leading producer of Fruits and vegetables in Canada. Vineyards can be Found near Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.

INTERESTING FACTS The CN tower is located in Ontario

and is the tallest Free standing structure in the Western Hemisphere.

Ottawa is home to Parliament Hill, the Canadian Aviation and Space Museum and the Canadian War Museum.

Toronto is home to the Hockey Hall of Fame.

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 4G

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Quebec Quebec is the largest province in

Canada and is located in eastern Canada. The capacity city of Quebec is Quebec City.

To the east of Quebec is Newfoundland and Labrador as well as the Atlantic Ocean. To the west is Ontario and to the North is Nunavut.

THE PEOPLE Quebec has a population of almost

8 million. The ethnic groups Found here include French, Irish, Italian, English, Aboriginal, Scottish and German. Quebec is also home to over 108,000 Aboriginal people From the Mohawk, Huron, Cree, Algonquin, Innu and Micmac.

The largest city in Quebec is Montreal and most cities and towns are along the St. Lawrence River.

PHYSICAL FEATURES Quebec is divided into three physical

regions= the Canadian Shield, St. Lawrence Lowlands and the Appalachian region. Approximately 90% oF Quebec is in the Canadian Shield region. The land here is rocky with Forests, lakes and rivers. Forests cover halF of Quebec. The St. Lawrence river links Quebec to the Atlantic Ocean. Quebec has more Fresh water than any other province.

THE CLIMATE Quebec is subject to extreme

temperatures. In the St. Lawrence Lowlands region, the temperature is cool

in the winter and warm in the summer. This region of Quebec receives a Fair amount of snow and rain each year.

Temperatures in the northern part oF Quebec are much more extreme because of the location to the Arctic. Here winters are cold and summers are cool.

NATURAL RESOURCES Gold, copper, iron, silver, zinc and

nickel are all mined in Quebec. Hydroelectric power is also a

mqjor industry and this power is often exported to the US. One of the largest hydroelectric plants in the world is near James Bay.

Quebec produces more than a third of Canada's pulp and paper products. Quebec is also Canada's main producer of maple syrup.

Farming is another mqjor industry and the main Farming area is located in the St. Lawrence Lowlands region. Raising hogs, cattle and poultry as well as growing hay, corn, and oats to Feed the animals are all important agricultural activities.

Many manufacturing activities take place here including For the aerospace industry, the aircraft industry and the pharmaceutical industry.

INTERESTING FACTS Quebec City is the only walled

city north of Mexico and is home to many historic buildings.

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 47

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Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador is the

most easterly province Found in Canada. Labrador is bordered to the west by Quebec. To the east is the Atlantic Ocean. The island oF Newfoundland is surrounded by the GulF of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic Ocean. The capital city is St. John's.

THE PEOPLE Newfoundland and Labrador is home

to over 508,000 people. Most oF the population lives on the island of Newfoundland. Newfoundland is home to some ethnic groups including British and Irish as well as French people. The Aboriginal ancestry Found here includes the Micmac, Inuit, Innu and Metis.

PHYSICAL FEATURES There are many bays Found along the

coastlines of Newfoundland and Labrador. Newfoundland is an island and Labrador is part oF the mainland. Thick Forests and many rivers and lakes cover much of the island and the south and central parts oF Labrador.

Newfoundland and Labrador is part of both the Appalachian and Canadian Shield physical regions.

THE CLIMATE In the northern part of Labrador,

the climate is subarctic. It is cold here during the winter and cool during the summer. The Atlantic Ocean aFFects the climate and makes the summers cool and the winters long.

INDUSTRIES & JOBS The main exports From

Newfoundland and Labrador include oil, Fish products, newsprint, iron ore and electricity.

Mining is a mqjor industry in Newfoundland and Labrador. Iron ore is produced here and oil and gas are Found under the Grand Banks.

Fishing is also a mqjor industry. Fishermen catch cod, herring, Atlantic salmon, Flounder and halibut. Lobsters, scallops and shrimp are also caught here.

Forests cover one third of Newfoundland, making Forestry another popular industry.

INTERESTING INFORMATION St. John's is the oldest city in

North America. St. John's is located on the northeastern arm of the Avalon Peninsula.

John Cabot was the First explorer to sail into the St. John's harbor in IY97.

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 48

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Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island is one oF the

Atlantic provinces on the east coast oF Canada. It is the smallest province. The capital city is Charlottetown.

THE PEOPLE Prince Edward Island is home to

over IY2,000 people. Over 75% of the people who call PEI home are oF Scottish, Irish and English descent. About 15% are of French origin. Charlottetown is the largest city.

PHYSICAL FEATURES Prince Edward Island has soil that is

made up of red-coloured sandstone and most of the island consists of gently rolling hills. There are no mqjor lakes, or rivers here. Ponds and streams are Found here.

THE CLIMATE PEI has a mild climate because of

the warm waters of the GulF of St. Lawrence. Temperatures in the summer are warm and temperatures in the winter are cool. There are Frequent winter storms with an average yearly snowfall oF 300 cm.

used For Farming. Food processing is also an

important industry. Many Food products are bottled, canned and Frozen here.

Tourism is the second largest industry and Fishing is the third largest industry. Fishermen catch herring, tuna, cod and mackerel. Lobsters are also caught in traps. Oysters are also harvested For Canada and the world.

INTERESTING FACTS The Confederation Bridge Joins

New Brunswick and PEI It takes about 12 minutes to cross the bridge and the bridge was built to withstand harsh wind and weather conditions.

Charlottetown is the birthplace of Canada where leaders met in 186Y to discuss the Formation of Canada.

Tourists come From all around the world to visit Green Gables House which is a museum about Lucy Maud Montgomery, the author of the Anne of Green Gables books.

INDUSTRIES & JOBS Agriculture is the largest industry

on Prince Edward Island. About 30% oF Canada's potatoes are grown in PEI other crops that are grown here include Fruits and vegetables and cereal crops. Approximately halF of the land here is

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 49

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New Brunswick New Brunswick is one of the Four

Atlantic provinces in Canada. To the north is Quebec's Gcspe Peninsula and to the west is the US. New Brunswick is the third smallest province. The capital city of New Brunswick is Fredericton. The largest city is St. John.

THE PEOPLE New Brunswick is home to over

750,000 people. New Brunswick is home to a Few ethnic groups including French, British, Scottish and Irish people. Over 32% oF the population are Francophones.

PHYSICAL FEATURES More than halF of the province is

surrounded by water. There are many rivers in the province, and New Brunswick is part oF the Appalachian physical region. The Appalachian Mountains run along the western edge oF the province. Forests cover about 85% of New Brunswick.

THE CLIMATE The northern halF oF the province

has cold winters and warm summers. Areas near the sea have milder winters and slightly cooler summers. Winter storms bring rain to the Bay of Fundy coast and snow to the interior parts of the province.

INDUSTRIES & JOBS New Brunswick is the main producer

of lead, zinc, and copper in Canada. Gypsum, potash, silver, gold, and natural gas are also mined here.

Fishing plays an important role in the economy of New Brunswick. Here more than Fifty kinds of Fish and shellfish are caught including scallops, shrimp, lobsters and snow crabs.

Agriculture is also another industry Found here. Crops such as potatoes, apple, blueberries, strawberries and cranberries are all harvested here.

The main industry is Forestry. Paper, newspaper, magazines, tissue, wooden doors and windows are all made here.

INTERESTING FACTS Hartland Bridge is the world's

longest covered bridge and sixty-two other covered bridges can be Found here.

The Confederation Bridge is the longest bridge in the world. This bridge connects New Brunswick to Prince Edward Island.

At Reversing Falls, the water rushes uphill against the normal Flow oF the Falls.

The Bay oF Fundy is the place For whale watching.

There are more than Y8 lighthouses Found here.

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 50

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Nova Scotia Nova Scotia is one of the Four

Atlantic provinces on the east coast oF Canada. Nova Scotia is the second smallest province and is made up of mainland and Cape Breton Island.

The capital city is Halifax, and this is also the largest city. Halifax is an international seaport and transportation centre.

THE PEOPLE Nova Scotia is home to

approximately 9Y3,000 people. Many people live in or close to Halifax. Most oF the communities are along the coast. People immigrated to Nova Scotia From Britain, Western Europe and Southern Europe. other ethnic groups Found here include German, Dutch, Ukrainian, and Chinese. Nova Scotia is home to Canada's oldest African-Canadian community.

PHYSICAL FEATURES This province is almost surrounded

by water and the Atlantic Ocean is to the south and east. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are connected by a small land bridge. Much of the province is part of the Appalachian Region.

Nova Scotia is covered with Forests and lakes and almost 7500km oF its coastline is rocky.

milder and wetter than the areas inland. The Atlantic coast is Foggy, especially in the spring. Nova Scotia also experiences heavy rains and stormy weather in the Fall.

INDUSTRIES AND JOBS Fishing is one of the oldest and

most important natural resources Found in Nova Scotia. Scallops, crabs, clams, cod, haddock, Pollock and salmon are caught in the waters oFF oF Nova Scotia. There are about 2Y9 Fish processing plants Found in Nova Scotia.

Mining is also an important industry. Coal is mined here and refineries turn oil into gasoline and other products.

Forestry is another mqjor industry. Forest products include lumber, pulp and paper and Christmas trees.

Agriculture is also another industry Found in Nova Scotia. Apples, blueberries, pears and strawberries are all grown here.

INTERESTING FACTS Fishing villages and lighthouses

along the coastline attract tourists. In Fact, Peggy's Cove is a well know Fishing village with a lighthouse.

THE CLIMATE Cool dry air From the interior mixes

with warmer, wet air over the sea. Areas along the coast of Nova Scotia are

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 51

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Yukon The Yukon is the smallest of the

three territories in Canada. To the east of the Yukon are the Northwest Territories and to the south is British Columbia. To the north is the Arctic Ocean and to the west is the US state of Alaska. The capital city oF the Yukon is Whitehorse.

THE PEOPLE The Yukon is home to over 3Y,000

people. Approximately 75% oF the population of the Yukon live in the capital city oF Whitehorse. The oFFicial languages here are English and French. People travel to the Yukon to live From other parts oF Canada and Europe.

PHYSICAL FEATURES The are many rivers, lakes, and

streams Found in the Yukon. The second longest river in Canada is located here. This river is called the Yukon River. The northern region oF the Yukon is tundra and Further south you will Find Forests. Three oF Canada's national parks are Found in the Yukon.

THE CLIMATE The Yukon experiences both an

arctic climate in the Far north and a subarctic climate in the rest of the territory. Summer temperatures can reach 25 degrees Celsius and the territory. Summer temperatures can reach 25 degrees Celsius and the winter temperatures can reach as low as

51 degrees Celsius. The Yukon experiences a short, Frost Free season and For three months in the summer sunlight is continuous. In the winter, there is darkness For three months.

INDUSTRIES & JOBS Mining is a mqjor industry in the

Yukon. Here gold, zinc and leader are mined, but there are also large undeveloped deposits of zinc, lead, silver, iron, copper, nickel and coal.

Tourism is another popular industry and this provides many Jobs For people. People come to the Yukon to hike, raFt, camp, rock climb, Fish and see the wildlife.

The Fur trade is also a popular industry. Beaver, lynx, wolF, wolverine, muskrat and otters are trapped and their Furs are sold.

INTERESTING INFORMATION There are several airports Found

in the Yukon and several trucking companies operate in the Yukon as well.

The Yukon Quest is known as the toughest sled dog race in the world.

The main draw to the Yukon is nature. Here people can canoe, kayak, ride or walk trails, ski or snowboard and climb the highest peaks in Canada.

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 52

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Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories are the

second largest oF the three territories in Canada. The Northwest Territories includes several islands located in the Arctic Ocean.

Yukon is to the west and the Arctic Ocean is located to the north. Nunavut is located to the east and British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan are south.

The capital city of the Northwest Territories is Yellowknife.

THE PEOPLE The Northwest Territories is home

to over Y3,000 people. More than halF oF these people are Aboriginal and the largest community is located in the capital city of Yellowknife. The population oF Yellowknife is about 20,000. There are II oFFicial languages spoken in the Northwest Territories.

PHYSICAL FEATURES There are two mountains ranges in

the Northwest Territories. These mountain ranges are the Mackenzie and Franklin mountain ranges.

Great Bear Lake is the eighth largest lake in the world and Great Slave Lake is the deepest lake in Canada. The Mackenzie river is Found here and is Canada's longest river.

Part of the land in the Northwest Territories is rocky and the other part is Full oF Forests.

THE CLIMATE The Northwest Territories

experience long nights during the winter and long days during the summer. The winters here are long and very cold. The subarctic climate in the Mackenzie Valley experiences longer and warmer summers.

INDUSTRIES & NATURAL RESOURCES The Northwest Territories are

home to many geological natural resources including diamonds, gold, natural gas and petroleum.

Hunting is another mqjor industry in the Northwest Territories. The mink, wolF, lynx, Fox and polar bear are all hunted in this territory.

Commercial Fishing is another industry where lake trout, whitefish and pickerel are all Found here.

INTERESTING FACTS Tourism is a mqjor industry in

the Northwest Territories. People come to visit to see the landscape and experience what liFe is like in the Northwest Territories. Rare wildlife is seen here From wolves to whales and From moose to caribou.

Winter roads are Found seasonally over Frozen lakes to isolated communities and mines. Ice crossings have to be reconstructed annually.

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 53

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Nunavut Nunavut became Canada's third

territory in 1999. Nunavut is the largest territory and is made up of mainland and islands in the Arctic Ocean.

The capital city of Nunavut is Iqaluit. To the south of Nunavut are the provinces oF Manitoba, and the Northwest Territories. To the southwest of Nunavut is Saskatchewan.

THE PEOPLE Nunavut is home to approximately

32,000 people. 8Y% of the population in Nunavut are Inuit. The rest oF the population are First Nations, Metis and non-aboriginal people. The oFFicial languages of Nunavut are Inuit, English and French.

PHYSICAL FEATURES The land and water Found in

Nunavut are Frozen most of the year. In Nunavut you will also Find mountains and tundra. Moss and small willow shrubs grow on the tundra.

THE CLIMATE The climate in Nunavut is cold. In

Iqaluit there are nearly 2Y hours of daylight in June and in December there are 6 hours oF daylight per day.

The long and cold winter begins in September and the land here is covered with snow until June. Temperatures in spring are cold, but not as cold as they are in the winter months.

INDUSTRIES & JOBS Some oF the mqjor industries

Found in Nunavut include Fishing and mining.

Mining is a popular industry in Nunavut and the current and only mine in Nunavut is a gold mine. However, the north of Nunavut is home to reserves of coal, oil and gas.

Some vegetables are grown in greenhouse garden here because the outdoor growing conditions are not suitable For crops.

INTERESTING INFORMATION The people of Nunavut rely on

diesel Fuel to run generators and heat homes. Fossil Fuel shipments come From southern Canada by plane or boat because of the lack of roads here.

Canned Foods are even brought in by barge or cargo plane to help support those who make Nunavut their home.

In April, the people of Iqaluit celebrate the coming of spring. There are dog team races and snowmobile races as well as Fishing, hunting and igloo-building contests.

An Inuksuit is a stone tower that is often Found on the Arctic landscape.

© T eachingina Wonderland 2015 54