name countries that end in -stan
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Name countries that end in -Stan. Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan Why are there so many of them and what do they have in common?. The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Outlasting Invaders Since 330 BCE. A History of Invasion. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Name countries that end in -Name countries that end in -Stan. Stan.
Name countries that end in -Name countries that end in -Stan. Stan.
• Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan
• Why are there so many of them and what do they have in common?
• Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan
• Why are there so many of them and what do they have in common?
The Islamic The Islamic Republic of Republic of AfghanistanAfghanistan
The Islamic The Islamic Republic of Republic of AfghanistanAfghanistan
Outlasting Invaders Since 330 Outlasting Invaders Since 330 BCEBCE
Outlasting Invaders Since 330 Outlasting Invaders Since 330 BCEBCE
A History of InvasionA History of InvasionA History of InvasionA History of Invasion
Darius I & the Persian Empire conquered it in approximately 500 BCE
Darius I & the Persian Empire conquered it in approximately 500 BCE
A History of InvasionA History of InvasionA History of InvasionA History of Invasion
Alexander the Great & Macedonians (Greek Empire) conquered it in 329 BCEAlexander the Great & Macedonians (Greek Empire) conquered it in 329 BCE
A History of InvasionA History of InvasionA History of InvasionA History of Invasion
The Muslim dynasty of the Ghaznavid Empire incorporated present day Afghanistan into its massive empire in 11th Century. Led by Mahmud of Ghazni.
The Muslim dynasty of the Ghaznavid Empire incorporated present day Afghanistan into its massive empire in 11th Century. Led by Mahmud of Ghazni.
Mahmud of Ghazni considered the greatest conqueror of
Afghanistan
A History of InvasionA History of InvasionA History of InvasionA History of Invasion
The Mongol Empire under the command of Genghis Khan took control in the 13th Century
The Mongol Empire under the command of Genghis Khan took control in the 13th Century
A History of InvasionA History of InvasionA History of InvasionA History of Invasion
Afghanistan was not independent until 1747.Afghanistan was not independent until 1747.
Ahmad Shah Durrani regarded as the founder of modern
Afghanistan
Who were these Who were these constantly embattled constantly embattled
people?people?
Who were these Who were these constantly embattled constantly embattled
people?people?
The Afghan PeopleThe Afghan PeopleThe Afghan PeopleThe Afghan People
All of this invasion led to an ethnically diverse population of approx. 29 million.
80% live rurally.
Vast majority are Muslim.
Pashtuns are majority ethnic group (approx. 38%)
Other minority ethnic groups:
Tajiks (25%)
Hazaras (19%)
Uzbeks (6%)
All of this invasion led to an ethnically diverse population of approx. 29 million.
80% live rurally.
Vast majority are Muslim.
Pashtuns are majority ethnic group (approx. 38%)
Other minority ethnic groups:
Tajiks (25%)
Hazaras (19%)
Uzbeks (6%)
Most Afghans
speak 2-3 languages
Anglo-Afghan WarsAnglo-Afghan WarsAnglo-Afghan WarsAnglo-Afghan WarsBoth Russia & Great Britain hoped to control Afghanistan
Three Conflicts result (1839-42; 1878-80; 1919)
Both Russia & Great Britain hoped to control Afghanistan
Three Conflicts result (1839-42; 1878-80; 1919)
Bear represents?
Lion represents?
The First Afghan WarThe First Afghan WarThe First Afghan WarThe First Afghan War
Great Britain tried to extend colonial India into Afghanistan (and stop Russia from encroaching) by crowning a Shah Shoja (a puppet monarch) and sending in an occupying force of 16,000 Indian/British troopsAfghan rebellions ultimately forced British to withdraw and Afghans reinstated their own leader.
Great Britain tried to extend colonial India into Afghanistan (and stop Russia from encroaching) by crowning a Shah Shoja (a puppet monarch) and sending in an occupying force of 16,000 Indian/British troopsAfghan rebellions ultimately forced British to withdraw and Afghans reinstated their own leader.
Shah Shoja holding court in Kabul before he was forced to flee the
country.
Second Afghan WarSecond Afghan WarSecond Afghan WarSecond Afghan War
Fearful of growing Russian influence in Afghanistan, Britain again invaded on November 21, 1878Shir Ali Khan, Afghan’s leader fled the capital & died in exile in 1879.British again occupied Kabul and recognized Shir Ali’s son, Ya’qub Khan as their new leader if he would accept a permanent British embassy & take their advice on foreign affairs.
Fearful of growing Russian influence in Afghanistan, Britain again invaded on November 21, 1878Shir Ali Khan, Afghan’s leader fled the capital & died in exile in 1879.British again occupied Kabul and recognized Shir Ali’s son, Ya’qub Khan as their new leader if he would accept a permanent British embassy & take their advice on foreign affairs.
Ya’qub Khan, Ya’qub Khan, Puppet Monarch Puppet Monarch
Ya’qub Khan, Ya’qub Khan, Puppet Monarch Puppet Monarch
Second Afghan WarSecond Afghan WarSecond Afghan WarSecond Afghan War
Peace didn’t last long, when a British envoy, Sir Louis Cavagnari & his escort were murdered on September 3, 1879Ya’qub was thought to have had a hand in the assassination, and therefore abdicated the throneBritain lost their puppet monarch when the “Iron Amir” came to power, Abdur Rahman Khan
Peace didn’t last long, when a British envoy, Sir Louis Cavagnari & his escort were murdered on September 3, 1879Ya’qub was thought to have had a hand in the assassination, and therefore abdicated the throneBritain lost their puppet monarch when the “Iron Amir” came to power, Abdur Rahman Khan
Anglo-Afghan WarsAnglo-Afghan WarsAnglo-Afghan WarsAnglo-Afghan Wars
Afghanistan remained uninvolved in WWI because of a strong leader, Habibullah Khan.
Assassinated in 1919 and his son, Amunullah Khan took the throne.
Amunallah declared total independence from Great Britain in his inaugural address there by kicking off...
Afghanistan remained uninvolved in WWI because of a strong leader, Habibullah Khan.
Assassinated in 1919 and his son, Amunullah Khan took the throne.
Amunallah declared total independence from Great Britain in his inaugural address there by kicking off...
Amanullah Khan of Afghanistan
Third Afghan WarThird Afghan WarThird Afghan WarThird Afghan War
Month long war, of only small skirmishes between archaic Afghan army and a British army exhausted from World War IEnds with a peace treaty giving Afghanistan its independence in 1919.Also signed treaty of friendship with the new Bolshevik gov’t in Russia, becoming one of the first states to recognize the new Soviet regime.
Month long war, of only small skirmishes between archaic Afghan army and a British army exhausted from World War IEnds with a peace treaty giving Afghanistan its independence in 1919.Also signed treaty of friendship with the new Bolshevik gov’t in Russia, becoming one of the first states to recognize the new Soviet regime.
Free at last?Free at last?Free at last?Free at last?
Maybe not!Maybe not!Maybe not!Maybe not!
The Soviet InvasionThe Soviet InvasionThe Soviet InvasionThe Soviet InvasionMujahideen—Muslim anti-communists collectively known as (Arabic from “those who engage in jihad”)
Soviets invade Afghanistan to help Communist minority group take control of the government from the mujahedeen in 1979 with 30,000 troops
Soviets tried to ruthlessly put down opposition.
Mujahideen—Muslim anti-communists collectively known as (Arabic from “those who engage in jihad”)
Soviets invade Afghanistan to help Communist minority group take control of the government from the mujahedeen in 1979 with 30,000 troops
Soviets tried to ruthlessly put down opposition.
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan December 1979
The Soviet StalemateThe Soviet StalemateThe Soviet StalemateThe Soviet StalemateSoviets use 100,000 troops to control cities and larger towns BUTMujahideen controlled the countryside (especially the mountains) using guerrilla warfare
Irregular warfare using military tactics including ambushes, sabotages, raids, and hit and run tactics
Soviets used air support to bomb villages4.3 million Afghans flee the countryU.S. supplies shoulder-fired anti-aircraft missiles to the mujahideenMuslims come from all over the world to aid AfghansAfghans fight war of attrition and outlasted the Soviets.Soviets lost 15,000 men (even more injured) and withdrew completely on Feb. 15, 1989.
Soviets use 100,000 troops to control cities and larger towns BUTMujahideen controlled the countryside (especially the mountains) using guerrilla warfare
Irregular warfare using military tactics including ambushes, sabotages, raids, and hit and run tactics
Soviets used air support to bomb villages4.3 million Afghans flee the countryU.S. supplies shoulder-fired anti-aircraft missiles to the mujahideenMuslims come from all over the world to aid AfghansAfghans fight war of attrition and outlasted the Soviets.Soviets lost 15,000 men (even more injured) and withdrew completely on Feb. 15, 1989.
Soviet Withdraw, May 1988Soviet Withdraw, May 1988Soviet Withdraw, May 1988Soviet Withdraw, May 1988
ReviewReviewReviewReview• Why would we say that the history of
Afghanistan has been a “history of invasion”?
• What two European nations vied for power in Afghanistan throughout the 19th and 20th centuries?
• What was the Mujahideen?
• What is jihad?
• Why would we say that the history of Afghanistan has been a “history of invasion”?
• What two European nations vied for power in Afghanistan throughout the 19th and 20th centuries?
• What was the Mujahideen?
• What is jihad?
ReviewReviewReviewReview• What country provided the Mujahideen
with weapons to fight the Soviets?
• What happened after the Soviets left Afghanistan?
• Who came to power after the civil war that raged from 1989-1996?
• What country provided the Mujahideen with weapons to fight the Soviets?
• What happened after the Soviets left Afghanistan?
• Who came to power after the civil war that raged from 1989-1996?
Afghanistan After the Afghanistan After the SovietsSoviets
Afghanistan After the Afghanistan After the SovietsSoviets
Bloody civil war for control of the country breaks out1996—Taliban takes control of Kabul
Taliban - Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan
Institutes Sharia LawSeverely limiting women’s rightsIntroduced strict punishment for all (stoning, amputations, etc...)Outlawing the profitable agricultural drug business (poppies)Crushing secular educational system
See list of laws
Bloody civil war for control of the country breaks out1996—Taliban takes control of Kabul
Taliban - Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan
Institutes Sharia LawSeverely limiting women’s rightsIntroduced strict punishment for all (stoning, amputations, etc...)Outlawing the profitable agricultural drug business (poppies)Crushing secular educational system
See list of laws
Osama bin Laden Osama bin Laden BiographyBiography
Osama bin Laden Osama bin Laden BiographyBiography
Afghanistan After the Afghanistan After the SovietsSoviets
Afghanistan After the Afghanistan After the SovietsSoviets
1998—U.S. launches missile strikes against militant Osama bin Laden in Afghanistan
He was accused of bombing our embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya)bin Laden’s terrorist organization Al Qaeda claimed responsibility190 dead (11 Americans) and 4,000 wounded
1999—Impost sanctions and embargo on Afghanistan until they give up Osama bin Laden
1998—U.S. launches missile strikes against militant Osama bin Laden in Afghanistan
He was accused of bombing our embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya)bin Laden’s terrorist organization Al Qaeda claimed responsibility190 dead (11 Americans) and 4,000 wounded
1999—Impost sanctions and embargo on Afghanistan until they give up Osama bin Laden
US Embassy; Nairobi, US Embassy; Nairobi, KenyaKenya
US Embassy; Nairobi, US Embassy; Nairobi, KenyaKenya
US Embassy; Nairobi, US Embassy; Nairobi, KenyaKenya
US Embassy; Nairobi, US Embassy; Nairobi, KenyaKenya
US Embassy; Nairobi, US Embassy; Nairobi, KenyaKenya
US Embassy; Nairobi, US Embassy; Nairobi, KenyaKenya
America Invades America Invades AfghanistanAfghanistan
America Invades America Invades AfghanistanAfghanistan
September 11, 2001—U.S. attacked by Muslim terrorists under orders from Osama bin LadenOctober 2001—U.S. leads bombing of Afghanistan & invades KabulDecember 2001—New power-sharing government is created and led by Hamid KarzaiViolence and insurgencies still continue in Afghanistan even as U.S. and allied troops withdraw...
September 11, 2001—U.S. attacked by Muslim terrorists under orders from Osama bin LadenOctober 2001—U.S. leads bombing of Afghanistan & invades KabulDecember 2001—New power-sharing government is created and led by Hamid KarzaiViolence and insurgencies still continue in Afghanistan even as U.S. and allied troops withdraw...
The Afghan PeopleThe Afghan PeopleThe Afghan PeopleThe Afghan PeopleHow has the history of Afghanistan How has the history of Afghanistan
impacted the culture and mindset of its impacted the culture and mindset of its people?people?
How has the history of Afghanistan How has the history of Afghanistan impacted the culture and mindset of its impacted the culture and mindset of its
people?people?
Homework for Next Homework for Next Class:Class:
Homework for Next Homework for Next Class:Class:
Read the article, “Marriage or Read the article, “Marriage or Else”Else”
Read the article, “Marriage or Read the article, “Marriage or Else”Else”
Final Assessment: The Middle Final Assessment: The Middle EastEast
Final Assessment: The Middle Final Assessment: The Middle EastEast
• In lieu of an exam on this section of Asia, you will respond to two essay prompts.
• You may use your notes to guide you, but no other outside sources.
• You may type or hand write your essays.
• Essays are to be completed in class.
• Final drafts are due at the end of the period tomorrow!
• In lieu of an exam on this section of Asia, you will respond to two essay prompts.
• You may use your notes to guide you, but no other outside sources.
• You may type or hand write your essays.
• Essays are to be completed in class.
• Final drafts are due at the end of the period tomorrow!
Final Assessment: The Middle Final Assessment: The Middle EastEast
Final Assessment: The Middle Final Assessment: The Middle EastEast
• Remember:• Each essay must include an
introduction and conclusion• You must back up your opinions with
concrete, supporting details• You must write formally, and please
PROOFREAD!• Write as if your audience knows
nothing about the topic you are addressing!
• Remember:• Each essay must include an
introduction and conclusion• You must back up your opinions with
concrete, supporting details• You must write formally, and please
PROOFREAD!• Write as if your audience knows
nothing about the topic you are addressing!