namas, cdm and mrv: the case of transport sector
TRANSCRIPT
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KGOGv" FNO gkn O]X3 ~ea fgva `h ~}gkvy`}~ vaf~`}
Cgka ]`oa}`7 Ham}qg}z =97=
Vqoog}z Y`jk~v3
^ejv ygya} }ajkh`}fav ~ea kaan h`} g }`mqv~ za~ vjoybjhjan O]X h}goat`}l ~` ogla KGOGv t`}l `k gbg}da vfgba y}`xjnjkd `yy`}~qkj~jav ~` f`qk~}jav gkn vaf~`}v bavv makahj~an mz ~ea FNO+
^ea njvfqvvj`k h`fqvan `k ~ea ~}gkvy`}~ vaf~`} }axjatan ~ea ~}akn gkn auyaf~g~j`kv `h vqmoj~~an~}gkvy`}~ KGOGv ~eak augojkan ~ea ya}h`}ogkfa `h ~}gkvy`}~ y}`caf~v qkna} ~ea Fbagk Naxab`yoak~
Oafegkjvo ~` hjkn bavv`kv ~eg~ ogz ma gyybjfgmba jk ~ea navjdk `h gk O]X h}goat`}l h`} vqyy`}~an gkn
f}anj~an KGOGv ~eg~ jv y}gf~jfgb gkn gyy}`y}jg~a ~` ~ea ng~g }awqj}aoak~v h ~ea ~}gkvy`}~ vaf~`}+
^ea gq~e`} ejdebjde~v ~ea kaan h`} f}anjmba ng~g ~` akvq}a ~eg~ ~}gkvy`}~ KGOGv fgk ma joybaoak~an jkgk O]Xgmba ogkka}+
Lazt`}nv3 ~}gkvy`}~< kg~j`kgbbz gyy}`y}jg~a oj~jdg~j`k gf~j`k %KGOG*< fbagk naxab`yoak~ oafegkjvo
%FNO*< oagvq}gmba" }ay`}~gmba gkn xa}jhjgmba %O]X*< FNO oa~e`n`b`dz h`} ~}gkvy`}~
7 Y`bjfz ]avag}fea}" Fbjog~a Fegkda D}`qy" Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav" Cgygk
JDAV T`}ljkd Ygya}/FF/=977/79
^ea xjatv auy}avvan jk ~ejv t`}ljkd ygya} g}a ~e`va `h ~ea gq~e`}v gkn n` k`~ kafavvg}jbz }ay}avak~ ~e`va `h JDAV+
T`}ljkd ygya}v navf}jma }avag}fe jk y}`d}avv mz ~ea gq~e`}v gkn g}a yqmbjvean ~` abjfj~ f`ooak~v gkn ~` hq}~ea}
namg~a+
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^gmba `h F`k~ak~v
7+ Jk~}`nqf~j`k +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6
=+ ]axjat h vqmoj~~an ~}gkvy`}~ KGOGv ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6
6+ FNO gkn KGOGv3 f`oyg}jkd gyybav gkn `}gkdav ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >
>+ E`t ~` O]X KGOGvh`fqvjkd `k f}anj~an KGOGv mgvan h}`o FNO auya}jakfa++++++ 8
>+7+ ^ea FNO tgz `h n`jkd O]X+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8
>+=+ O]X auya}jakfa `h ~}gkvy`}~ FNO y}`caf~v ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4
>+6+ Fegbbakdav h O]Xjkd ~}gkvy`}~ y}`caf~v qkna} FNO +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ :
1+ Vqoog}z gkn tgz h`}tg}n ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 77
Gyyaknju ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7>
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Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya} 6
7+ Jk~}`nqf~j`k
^ea Mgbj Gf~j`k Ybgk %QK" =994* fgbban h`} akegkfan
oj~jdg~j`k gf~j`kv ~e}`qde ~ea jk~}`nqf~j`k `h ~ea
kg~j`kgbbz gyy}`y}jg~a oj~jdg~j`k gf~j`kv %KGOGv*
~` ma ~glak mz naxab`yjkd f`qk~}jav+ MGY yg}gd}gye
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gf~j`kv mz naxab`yjkd f`qk~}z Yg}~jav jk ~ea f`k~au~
`h vqv~gjkgmba naxab`yoak~ vqyy`}~an gkn akgmban
mz ~afek`b`dz" hjkgkfjkd gkn fgygfj~z/mqjbnjkd" jk g
oagvq}gmba " }ay`}~gmba gkn xa}jhjgmba ogkka}+
Nayaknjkd `k ~ea vqyy`}~ kaanan" KGOGv g}a
fbgvvjhjan jk~` ~e}aa ~zyav3
Qkjbg~a}gb KGOGv3 gf~j`kv x`bqk~g}jbz ~glak mznaxab`yjkd f`qk~}jav tj~e`q~ gkz au~a}kgb
vqyy`}~"
Vqyy`}~an KGOGv3 gnnj~j`kgb gf~j`kvnaxab`yjkd f`qk~}jav g}a tjbbjkd ~` ~gla tj~e
vqyy`}~ jk ~ea h`}o `h ~afek`b`dz" hjkgkfjkd gkn
fgygfj~z mqjbnjkd gkn"
F}anj~an KGOGv3 hq}~ea} gf~j`kv naxab`yjkdf`qk~}jav g}a tjbbjkd ~` ~gla ~` daka}g~a aojvvj`k
}anqf~j`k f}anj~v ~}gngmba jk og}la~/mgvan
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Fbagk Naxab`yoak~ Oafegkjvo %FNO*
G f}anjmba oagvq}aoak~" }ay`}~jkd gkn xa}jhjfg~j`k
%O]X* vzv~ao jv kafavvg}z ~` akvq}a ~}gkvyg}akfz jk
~}gfljkd f`qk~}jav y}`d}avv qkjbg~a}gbbz gkn
f`bbaf~jxabz jk }anqfjkd DED aojvvj`kv" gkn akgmba
}af`dkj~j`k `h oj~jdg~j`k gf~j`kv tejba bjkljkd
naxab`yjkd f`qk~}z gf~j`kv ~` jk~a}kg~j`kgb vqyy`}~+
^` ~ejv akn" ~ea Fgkfqk Gd}aaoak~v `k O]X h`}
KGOGv gv ya} Nafjvj`k 7FY+78 %QK" =979* v~g~av
~eg~ jk~a}kg~j`kgbbz vqyy`}~an KGOGv tjbb ma
oagvq}an" }ay`}~an" gkn xa}jhjan n`oav~jfgbbz gkn
tjbb ma vqmcaf~ ~` jk~a}kg~j`kgb O]X dqjnabjkav ~` ma
naxab`yan qkna} ~ea Qkj~an Kg~j`kv H}goat`}l
F`kxak~j`k `k Fbjog~a Fegkda %QKHFFF*+
N`oav~jfgbbz vqyy`}~an KGOGv tjbb ma O]Xan
n`oav~jfgbbz jk gff`}ngkfa tj~e daka}gb dqjnabjkav
~` ma naxab`yan qkna} ~ea QKHFFF+ KGOGv
f`kvjna}an ve`qbn gbv` jkfbqna jkh`}og~j`k `k
n`oav~jf O]X gkn vqyy`}~ }afajxan+ Jk gnnj~j`k" g
t`}l y}`d}go tgv gd}aan h`} ~ea naxab`yoak~ `h ~ea
o`ngbj~jav gkn dqjnabjkav h`} O]X `h vqyy`}~an
gf~j`kv gkn f`}}avy`knjkd vqyy`}~+ G V~gknjkd
F`ooj~~aa qkna} F@Y tjbb ma av~gmbjvean ~` gvvjv~
`k O]X h`} vqyy`}~ y}`xjnan ~` naxab`yjkdf`qk~}z Yg}~jav+
^ea QKHFFF jv za~ ~` }abagva ~ea O]X dqjnabjkav
m`~e h`} jk~a}kg~j`kgbbz vqyy`}~an KGOGv gkn
n`oav~jfgbbz vqyy`}~an KGOGv+ Auyaf~g~j`kv g}a
ejde ~eg~ tj~e ~ea jk~ak~j`k `h KGOGv ~` akgmba
bg}da vfgba aojvvj`k }anqf~j`kv jk naxab`yjkd
f`qk~}jav" j~ jv akxjvgdan ~eg~ ~ea h`}~ef`ojkd O]X
h}goat`}l h`} jk~a}kg~j`kgbbz vqyy`}~an `} axak
f}anj~an KGOGv tjbb ma bavv v~}jkdak~ ~egk ~ea O]Xvzv~ao qkna} ~ea FNO+
Va~~jkd qy ~ea O]X h}goat`}l h`} KGOGv tjbb ma
g ejdebz y`bj~jfgb y}`favv+ Tejba tgj~jkd h`} ~ea
`hhjfjgb O]X dqjnabjkav h`} KGOGv h}`o QKHFFF"
j~ jv t`}~etejba ~` }axjat gkn bag}k h}`o gk aujv~jkd
O]X vzv~ao qkna} FNO gkn augojka e`t j~ fgk ma
vjoybjhjan ~` y`vvjmbz t`}l h`} ~}gkvy`}~ KGOGv+
=+ ]axjat h vqmoj~~an ~}gkvy`}~ KGOGv
^ea KGOG nahjkj~j`k jv bah~ m}`gn gkn qkfbag} gh~a}
kaj~ea} F@Y 76 jk Mgbj k`} jk ~ea vqmvawqak~
kad`~jg~j`kv+ J~ vaaov ~eg~ KGOGv g}a bjlabz ~` ma
nahjkan gv gkz ljkn `h gf~jxj~z ~eg~ }anqfav DED
aojvvj`kv %Tgkd/Eabo}ajfe a~ gb" =977*+ J~ fgk ma
vyafjhjf gf~j`kv %a+d vjojbg} ~` g FNO y}`caf~*"
gdd}adg~an ~g}da~v vqfe gv aojvvj`k ~g}da~v" `}
y`bjfjav joybaoak~an g~ kg~j`kgb" }adj`kgb `} b`fgb
baxab+
Fq}}ak~bz ~ea}a g}a gb}agnz >> KGOG vqmojvvj`kv
~` ~ea QKHFFF axak ~e`qde o`ngbj~jav gkn
y}`fanq}av h`} KGOGv g}a v~jbb ax`bxjkd+ O`}a ~egk
egbh" =5 `h ~ea >> %8>!* KGOG vqmojvvj`kv jkfbqna
gf~jxj~jav jk ~ea ~}gkvy`}~ vaf~`} gv ve`tk jk ^gmba 7
mab`t+
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> Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya}
gmba 7+ @xa}xjat `h ~ea kg~q}a `h KGOG y}`y`vgbv h`} gf~j`kv jk ~ea bgkn ~}gkvy`}~ vaf~`}
K`k/Gkkau 7 Yg}~zHqbb
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Vgk Og}jk` Vja}}g Ba`ka Vjkdgy`}a ^ea h`}oa} Zqd`vbgx
]ayqmbjf h Ogfan`kjg
^`d` ^qkjvjg
V`q}fa3 Mjkv~an %=977*+ KGOG Vqmojvvj`kv ~` ~ea QKHFFF3 gk `xa}xjat h}`o g ~}gkvy`}~ ya}vyaf~jxa+
6+ FNO gkn KGOGv3 f`oyg}jkd gyybav gkn
`}gkdav
J~ jv jkaxj~gmba ~` }aha} ~` FNO" gv j~ jv gk av~gmbjvean
oafegkjvo h`} fbjog~a oj~jdg~j`k gf~j`kv" teak
njvfqvvjkd KGOGv+ ^ea FNO jv g og}la~ mgvan
oafegkjvo n}jxak bg}dabz mz y}jxg~a f`oygkjav
tejfe y}aha} ~gyyjkd ~ea agvz ~` }agfe b`t egkdjkd
oj~jdg~j`k y}`caf~v f`kfak~}g~an jk Fejkg gkn Jknjg
f`oy}jvjkd 84! `h ~ea ~`~gb tejba `kbz =! `h gbb
}adjv~a}an FNO y}`caf~v g}a jk Gh}jfg %QKHFFF"=977*+ Gv KGOGv tjbb o`v~ bjlabz ma d`xa}koak~
jkj~jg~an" j~ egv ~ea y`~ak~jgb ~` }af~jhz ~ea }adj`kgb gv
tabb gv vaf~`}gb jomgbgkfa jk ~ea FNO njv~}jmq~j`k
`h tejfe `kbz 77 `q~ `h 6"4=1 }adjv~a}an FNO
y}`caf~v gv `h Cgkqg}z =97= g}a ~}gkvy`}~ }abg~an
navyj~a ~ea hgf~ ~eg~ ~}gkvy`}~ vaf~`} aoj~v gm`q~ 76!
`h ~ea ~`~gb db`mgb fg}m`k nj`ujna aojvvj`kv+
^gmba = mgvan `k Njgs/M`ka %=977* gkn Valjkda}
%=977* vqoog}jvav ~ea `xa}xjat gkn njhha}akfav
ma~taak FNO gkn KGOGv+ J~ jv joy`}~gk~ ~` k`~a
~ea njhha}akfav gv ~eaz egxa joybjfg~j`kv jk ~ea
navjdk `h y`~ak~jgb O]X h}goat`}l h`} KGOGv+ @k~ea `ka egkn" ~ea }av~}jf~j`k `h fgy~jxa hbaa~ tejfe
jv mg}}ja} h`} ~}gkvy`}~ y}`caf~v jk FNO tjbb k`
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Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya} 1
b`kda} gyybz jh mj`hqab y`bjfz `} y`bjfjav y}`o`~jkd
vtj~fejkd ~` fbagk hqabv tjbb ma kg~j`kgb jk vf`ya
%Bgkfgv~a}" =977*+ @k ~ea `~ea} egkn" f``}njkg~j`k `h
KGOGv ogz ma g fegbbakda jh j~ jv d`xa}koak~ ban
avyafjgbbz jk bavv naxab`yan f`qk~}jav %BNFv* gkn
vogbb jvbgkn naxab`yjkd v~g~av %VJNv* tj~e hata}
fgygmba eqogk }av`q}fav ~` gvvjdk ~` joybaoak~ gkn
o`kj~`} KGOGv+
^gmba =+ FNO gkn KGOGv`xa}xjat gkn njhha}akfav
FNOFbagk Naxab`yoak~ Oafegkjvo
KGOGKg~j`kgbbz Gyy}`y}jg~a Oj~jdg~j`k Gf~j`kv
Nahjkj~j`k
Oafegkjvo `h ~ea Lz`~` Y}`~`f`b %G}~+7=*+^ea FNO gbb`tv g f`qk~}z tj~e gkaojvvj`k/}anqf~j`k `} aojvvj`k/bjoj~g~j`kf`ooj~oak~ qkna} ~ea Lz`~` Y}`~`f`b%Gkkau M Yg}~z* ~` joybaoak~ gk
aojvvj`k/}anqf~j`k y}`caf~ jk naxab`yjkdf`qk~}jav
F`ooj~oak~ qkna} ~ea F`kxak~j`k
Gbb Yg}~jav %* vegbb h`}oqbg~a" joybaoak~"yqmbjve gkn }adqbg}bz qyng~a kg~j`kgb %*y}`d}gooav f`k~gjkjkd oagvq}av ~` oj~jdg~afbjog~a fegkda %*+ %QKHFFF G}~+>+7m*Jk~a}kg~j`kgbbz vqyy`}~an KGOGv tjbb maoagvq}an" }ay`}~an gkn xa}jhjan n`oav~jfgbbzgkn tjbb ma vqmcaf~ ~` jk~a}kg~j`kgboagvq}aoak~" }ay`}~jkd gkn xa}jhjfg~j`k%Nafjvj`k 7FY+78*
^zya h gf~j`kv Y}`caf~v %a+d+ M]^* gkn y}`d}gooa hgf~jxj~jav %Y`G*
Y`bjfjav" y}`d}gooav gkn y}`caf~v%a+d+ vqv~gjkgmba ~}gkvy`}~ y`bjfz*
Jkj~jg~`} gknf``}njkg~`} `hgf~jxj~z
Y}jxg~a vaf~`}F`oygkjav gkn navjdkg~an `ya}g~j`kgb ak~j~jav%N@Av* jnak~jhz gkn joybaoak~ y}`caf~v
D`xa}koak~Kg~j`kgb d`xa}koak~" y`vvjmbz jkf`bbgm`}g~j`k tj~e }adj`kgb `} b`fgbgq~e`}j~jav" jkj~jg~a gf~jxj~jav
Oa~e`n`b`dz Mgvabjka gkn o`kj~`}jkd xjg FNOoa~e`n`b`dz
Mgvabjka gkn O]X vzv~aok`~ za~ nahjkan
Hjkgkfjkd
Hjkgkfan ~e}`qde og}la~ oafegkjvoQyh}`k~ hjkgkfjkd mz ~ea y}jxg~a vaf~`}Fa}~jhjfg~av g}a jvvqan au/y`v~ mgvan `k}adqbg} xa}jhjfg~j`k }ay`}~v
Og}la~ oafegkjvo `kbz gk `y~j`k %h`}f}anj~an KGOGv*N`oav~jf }av`q}fav gkn`} jk~a}kg~j`kgbvqyy`}~ %a+d ~e}`qde mj/bg~a}gb gd}aaoak~v"naxab`yoak~ mgklv `} oqb~jbg~a}gb hqknv" jkbf+D}aak Fbjog~a Hqkn* h`} ~ea y}ayg}g~j`k gknjoybaoak~g~j`k `h KGOGv
]a~q}k `kjkxav~oak~
Fa}~jhjfg~av %FA]v*Fa}~jhjan aojvvj`k }anqf~j`kv g}a jvvqan mz~ea FNO Auafq~jxa M`g}n mgvan `kxa}jhjfg~j`k }ay`}~v+ FA]v fgk ma ~}gnan `kfg}m`k og}la~v+
Hjkgkfjgb gkn ~afekjfgb vqyy`}~Naxab`yan f`qk~}z Yg}~jav vegbb y}`xjnaakegkfan hjkgkfjgb" ~afek`b`djfgb gknfgygfj~z mqjbnjkd vqyy`}~ h`} ~ea y}ayg}g~j`kgkn joybaoak~g~j`k `h KGOGv `h naxab`yjkdf`qk~}z Yg}~jav gkn h`} akegkfan }ay`}~jkd mz~eava Yg}~jav %yg}g 1= h nafjvj`k 7FY+78*
Y}af`knj~j`kv
]anqf~j`kv jk aojvvj`kv oqv~ ma gnnj~j`kgb~` gkz ~eg~ t`qbn `ffq} jk ~ea gmvakfa `h ~eafa}~jhjan y}`caf~ gf~jxj~z %LY+ G}~+7=+1f*FNO ~` gvvjv~ naxab`yjkd f`qk~}z Yg}~jav jkgfejaxjkd vqv~gjkgmba naxab`yoak~ %LY G}~+7=+=*
KGOG jk ~ea f`k~au~ `hvqv~gjkgmbanaxab`yoak~" gjoan g~ gfejaxjkd g naxjg~j`kjk aojvvj`kv }abg~jxa ~` mqvjkavv gv qvqgbaojvvj`kv jk =9=9 %yg}g >5 `h nafjvj`k7FY+78*
]awqj}aoak~ Y}`caf~ vqyy`}~v vqv~gjkgmba naxab`yoak~%y}`xak mz d`xa}koak~ ba~~a}*
Gf~j`k jv kg~j`kgbbz gyy}`y}jg~a %y}`xak mzd`xa}koak~ }adjv~}g~j`k qkna} ~eaQKHFFF*
Gnojkjv~}g~jxa}awqj}aoak~v
V~}`kd }qbam``l %Og}}glafe Gff`}nv*Daka}gb dqjnabjkav za~ ~` ma naxab`yan qkna}~ea QKHFFF %yg}gv 87 gkn 8= `h nafjvj`k
7FY+78*DED }anqf~j`ky`~ak~jgb
=991=9773199 O~ F@=aw
=97==9=9 %71/69! gdgjkv~ MGQ*3o`}a ~egk >9"999 O~ F@=aw
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8 Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya}
>+ E`t ~` O]X KGOGvh`fqvjkd `kf}anj~an KGOGv mgvan h}`o FNO
auya}jakfa
^ea fegbbakdav ~` O]X njhha} vqmv~gk~jgbbz `k ~ea
~zya `h KGOGv+ ^ea O]X }awqj}aoak~v tjbb o`v~
bjlabz ma njhha}ak~ nayaknjkd `k ~ea vqyy`}~ kaanan+
Veg}jkd ~ea vgoa ya}vyaf~jxa gv Tgkd/Eabo}ajfe a~
gb %=977*" ~ea h`bb`tjkd f`qbn ma ~ea y`~ak~jgb O]X
vfakg}j`v3
F}anj~an KGOGv3 O]X }awqj}aoak~v h`}f}anj~an KGOGv kaanv ~` ma xa}z v~}jf~ jk ~a}ov
`h wqgk~jhzjkd DED aojvvj`k }anqf~j`kv" gv
f}anj~v daka}g~an mz KGOG t`qbn ma qvan ~`
`hhva~ aojvvj`kv jk Gkkau J f`qk~}jav+
Vqyy`}~an KGOGv3 O]X }awqj}aoak~v ogz mav`oateg~ bavv }jd`}`qv nayaknjkd `k ~ea kaanv
`h jk~a}kg~j`kgb hjkgkfja}v+ Jh ~ea laz yq}y`va jv
~}gkvyg}akfz" j~ ogz vqhhjfa ~` h`fqv `k tea~ea}
gf~j`kv g}a gf~qgbbz joybaoak~an gkn gvvavv
jk~a}oanjg~a jknjfg~`}v ~eg~ egxa g y`vj~jxa
f`}}abg~j`k ~` DED aojvvj`kv+ ^ejv ogz akgmba
KGOGv tj~e d}ag~a} vqv~gjkgmjbj~z makahj~v gv jk
~ea fgva h ~}gkvy`}~ KGOGv+
Qkjbg~a}gb KGOGv3 O]X }awqj}aoak~v h`}
qkjbg~a}gb KGOGv ogz ogjkbz }ahbaf~ ~ea e`v~
f`qk~}zv kaanv+
^ea njvfqvvj`kv ea}a tjbb h`fqv `k ~ea y`~ak~jgb
f}anj~an KGOGv mgvan `k ~ea FNO auya}jakfav+K`~tj~ev~gknjkd ~ea njvogb ya}h`}ogkfa `h ~ea
~}gkvy`}~ vaf~`} qkna} FNO" j~ jv ~ea `kbz aujv~jkd
oafegkjvo ~` }anqfa fg}m`k aojvvj`kv tj~e gk
jk~a}kg~j`kgbbz gyy}`xan gkn hqkf~j`kgb O]X
h}goat`}l" g ~e`}`qde qkna}v~gknjkd `h e`t FNO
n`av O]X tjbb ma xgbqgmba jk h}gojkd ~ea hq~q}a
O]X y}`favv h`} f}anj~an KGOGv gkn e`yahqbbz
vjoybjhz ~ea y}`favv ~` ma o`}a f`knqfjxa h`}
~}gkvy`}~ y}`caf~v" y}`d}gov gkn`} y`bjfjav+
>+7+ ^ea FNO tgz `h n`jkd O]X
Mgvjfgbbz ~ea FNO tgz `h oagvq}aoak~" }ay`}~jkd
gkn xa}jhjfg~j`k %O]X* `h fg}m`k }anqf~j`kv jv
jbbqv~}g~an jk hjdq}a 7 mab`t+ Aojvvj`k }anqf~j`k jv
fgbfqbg~an h}`o mgvabjka aojvvj`kv bavv ~ea y}`caf~
aojvvj`kv+ ^ea y}`favv b``lv v~}agobjkan mq~ jk
}agbj~z j~ jv f`oybau gkn ~glav g b`kd ~joa mah`}a
gf~qgb fa}~jhjfg~av `h aojvvj`k }anqf~j`k %FA]v*
f`qbn ma jvvqan %Ojsqk`" =979*+
Hjdq}a 7+ ^ea FNO tgz `h n`jkd O]X
V^AY 7
Mgvabjka gkn y}`caf~
aojvvj`kv g}a
oagvq}an gkn
o`kj~`}an mz y}`caf~
yg}~jfjygk~+
V^AY =
F`bbaf~an gkn }af`}n ng~g
g}a }ay`}~an ~`
navjdkg~an ya}g~j`kgb
ak~j~z %N@A*+
V^AY 6
Ng~g jkfbqnjkd y}`fanq}av
g}a xa}jhjan gv tabb gv
fa}~jhjan mz ~ea
navjdkg~an ya}g~j`kgb
ak~j~z %N@A*+
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Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya} 4
^gmba 6+ FNO y}`caf~ fzfba
Gf~jxj~z Navf}jy~j`k
7+ Ybgkkjkd g FNO y}`caf~gf~jxj~z
FNO y}`caf~ yg}~jfjygk~v %YYv* ybgk g FNO y}`caf~ gf~jxj~z h`bb`tjkd ~eavaxa}gb f`knj~j`kv jk `}na} ~` ma }adjv~a}an gv g FNO y}`caf~ gf~jxj~z+
=+ Ogljkd ~ea y}`caf~navjdk n`fqoak~ %YNN*
YYv ogla ~ea y}`caf~ navjdk n`fqoak~ %FNO/YNN* h`} g FNO y}`caf~gf~jxj~z+ ea FNO/YNN f`k~gjkv jkh`}og~j`k k ~ea y}`caf~ gf~jxj~z" ~eagyy}`xan mgvabjka oa~e`n`b`dz gyybjan ~` ~ea y}`caf~ gf~jxj~z" gkn ~eagyy}`xan o`kj~`}jkd oa~e`n`b`dz gyybjan ~` ~ea y}`caf~+
6+ Da~~jkd gyy}`xgb h}`oagfe Yg}~z jkx`bxan
YYv vegbb da~ t}j~~ak gyy}`xgbv `h x`bqk~g}z yg}~jfjyg~j`k h}`o ~ea navjdkg~ankg~j`kgb gq~e`}j~z %NKG* `h agfe Yg}~z jkx`bxan" jkfbqnjkd ~ea e`v~ Yg}~z+
>+ Xgbjng~j`k
Xgbjng~j`k jv ~ea y}`favv `h jknayaknak~ axgbqg~j`k `h g y}`caf~ gf~jxj~zgdgjkv~ ~ea }awqj}aoak~v `h ~ea FNO `k ~ea mgvjv `h ~ea YNN+ J~ jv fg}}jan `q~mz g navjdkg~an `ya}g~j`kgb ak~j~z %N@A* h`bb`tjkd g h`}ogb y}`fanq}a h`}
xgbjng~j`k+
1+ ]adjv~}g~j`k
]adjv~}g~j`k jv ~ea h`}ogb gffay~gkfa `h ~ea xgbjng~an y}`caf~ gv g FNOgf~jxj~z n`ka mz ~ea FNO auafq~jxa m`g}n %AM*+ YYv ygz }adjv~}g~j`k haa g~}adjv~}g~j`k v~gda+ Jh ~ea}a g}a fegkdav h}`o ~ea y}`caf~ gf~jxj~z gv navf}jmanjk ~ea }adjv~a}an YNN" YYv fgk k`~jhz gkn }awqav~ gyy}`xgb `h vqfe fegkdav+
8+ O`kj~`}jkd g FNOy}`caf~ gf~jxj~z
YYv f`bbaf~ gkn g}fejxa gbb }abaxgk~ ng~g kafavvg}z h`} fgbfqbg~jkd DEDaojvvj`k }anqf~j`kv mz g FNO y}`caf~ gf~jxj~z" jk gff`}ngkfa tj~e ~eao`kj~`}jkd ybgk t}j~~ak jk ~ea YNN+
4+ Xa}jhjfg~j`k gknfa}~jhjfg~j`k
Xa}jhjfg~j`k jv ~ea ya}j`njf jknayaknak~ }axjat gkn au y`v~ na~a}ojkg~j`k h~ea o`kj~`}an DED aojvvj`k }anqf~j`kv fg}}jan `q~ mz ~ea navjdkg~an`ya}g~j`kgb ak~j~z %N@A*+
Fa}~jhjfg~j`k jv ~ea t}j~~ak gvvq}gkfa mz g N@A ~eg~ g y}`caf~ gf~jxj~zgfejaxan ~ea }anqf~j`kv jk ~ea DED aojvvj`kv gv xa}jhjan+
5+ Jvvqgkfa `h FA]v
^ea AM tjbb jvvqa fa}~jhjan aojvvj`k }anqf~j`kv %FA]v* awqgb ~` ~ea xa}jhjango`qk~ `h DED aojvvj`k }anqf~j`kv+ Go`kd jvvqan FA]v" =! `h ~e`va tjbbma nanqf~an h`} ~ea veg}a `h ~ea y}`faanv ~` gvvjv~ naxab`yjkd Yg}~jav ~eg~ g}ayg}~jfqbg}bz xqbka}gmba ~` gnxa}va ahhaf~v `h fbjog~a fegkda ~` oaa~ ~ea f`v~v`h gngy~g~j`k %V@V/Gngy~g~j`k*+
:+ Njv~}jmq~j`k `h FA]vFA]v tjbb ma njv~}jmq~an go`kd YYv+ ^ea nafjvj`k `k ~ea njv~}jmq~j`k `hFA]v h}`o g FNO y}`caf~ gf~jxj~z vegbb aufbqvjxabz ma ~glak mz YYv+
V`q}fa3 Gn`y~an h}`o FNO jk Feg}~v x+7>" JDAV =977+
>+=+ O]X auya}jakfa h ~}gkvy`}~ FNO
y}`caf~v
Jk g kq~veabb" ~ea FNO y}`caf~ fzfba jv navf}jman jk
~gmba 6+ K`~ jkfbqnjkd ~ea ~joa gbb`~~an jk ybgkkjkd
gkn y}ayg}jkd ~ea y}`caf~ navjdk n`fqoak~ %YNN*"
~ea gxa}gda ~joa ~}gkvy`}~ y}`caf~v g}a jk ~ea FNO
yjyabjka y}j`} ~` }adjv~}g~j`k" jh vqffavvhqb" jv > zag}v
gkn 1 o`k~ev+ G na~gjban bjv~ jv y}avak~an jk ~gmba >
ve`tjkd ~ea ya}h`}ogkfa `h }adjv~a}an ~}gkvy`}~
y}`caf~v+ J~ f`qbn ma `mva}xan ~eg~ ~ea hj}v~ `h g ljkn
y}`caf~ h`} g fa}~gjk oa~e`n`b`dz ~``l b`kda} ~joa
~egk ~ea vqffaanjkd `kav+ Auya}jakfa gffqoqbg~an
mz ~ea njhha}ak~ gf~`}v jkx`bxan jk ~ea FNO y}`caf~
fzfba }anqfan ~ea y}`favvjkd ~joa" a+d+ ~ea hj}v~ FNO
M]^ y}`caf~ ~ea ^}gkvOjbakj` jk M`d`~g ~``l
gm`q~ > zag}v gkn : o`k~ev ~` ma }adjv~a}an< j~ tgv
}anqfan mz 7 zag} gkn 5 o`k~ev jk ~ea fgva `h M]^
Fe`kdwjkd gkn = zag}v gkn 1 o`k~ev h`} M]^
Seakdse`q+
gmba >+ Nq}g~j`k `h FNO y}`caf~v jk ~ea yjyabjka y}j`} ~` }adjv~}g~j`k
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5 Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya}
Y}`caf~vOa~e`n`b`dz
qvanKqoma} `h ngzv
y}j`} ~` }adjv~}g~j`k
Oqomgj Oa~}` @ka" Jknjg GFO9978 x+= 7"=:>
M]^ Oa~}`mqv Jkvq}dak~av" Oaujf` GFO9978 x+= =">>>
Oa~}` Nabej" Jknjg GFO9978 ="915
M]^ Seakdse`q" Fejkg GO9967 518
M]^ Bjkav 7/1 AN@OAU" Oaujf` GFO9978 7754
O`ngb vejh~ h}`o }`gn ~` ~}gjk GOV/JJJ+F 44=
Mj`njavab h`} ~}gkvy`}~ GOV/JJJ+^ 7"=5=
M]^ Fe`kdwjkd Bjkav 7/>" Fejkg GO9967 7"77:
Fgmba fg}v GOV/JJJ+Q ="14=
]adaka}g~jxa m}gljkd vzv~ao GOV/JJJ+F =">6=
M]^ M`d`~g3 }gkvOjbakj` Yegva JJ ~` JX GO9967 7"4>=
V`q}fa3 FNO Ng~gmgva" JDAV Ham =97=+
O`kj~`}jkd gkn f`bbaf~j`k `h }abaxgk~ ng~g kafavvg}z
~` fgbfqbg~a DED aojvvj`k }anqf~j`kv mz g FNO
y}`caf~ gf~jxj~z v~g}~ gh~a} ~ea y}`caf~ jv }adjv~a}an+
J~ jv `h~ak n`ka `k g zag}bz mgvjv+ Fq}}ak~bz `kbz
M]^ M`d`~g3 ^}gkvOjbakj` Yegva JJ ~` JX %h}`o
=994* gkn ]adaka}g~jxa m}gljkd vzv~ao `h Oa~}`Nabej %h}`o =995* egxa maak jvvqan FA]v+ ^ea
kqoma} `h ngzv gh~a} o`kj~`}jkd ~` }ay`}~" xa}jhz gkn
fa}~jhz aojvvj`k }anqf~j`kv y}j`} ~` jvvqgkfa `h FA]v
g}a ve`tk jk hjdq}a =+ J~ ~``l gbo`v~ 1 zag}v gkn 8
o`k~ev h`} ~ea M]^ M`d`~g gkn 4 zag}v gkn 79
o`k~ev h`} ~ea Oa~}` Nabej ~` ma jvvqan FA]v gh~a}
ak~a}jkd ~ea FNO yjyabjka+ ^ea zag}bz y}`favv n`av
k`~ kafavvg}jbz joy}`xa gv ~joa d`av mz gv ve`tk jk~ea d}gye+
Hjdq}a =+ Kqoma} `h ngzv h}`o ~ea akn `h o`kj~`}jkd ~` jvvqgkfa `h FA]v
V`q}fa3 JDAV FNO O`kj~`}jkd gkn Jvvqgkfa Ng~gmgva" Gqdqv~ =977+ Ng~g `k zag}bz mgvjv ya} jvvqgkfa `h FA]v+
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Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya} :
>+6+ Fegbbakdav `h O]Xjkd ~}gkvy`}~ y}`caf~v
qkna} FNO
Fq}}ak~bz ~ea}a g}a 79 ~}gkvy`}~ gkn 1 mj`hqab
oa~e`n`b`djav gyybjfgmba ~` ~}gkvy`}~g~j`k y}`caf~v
gv bjv~an jk ~gmba 1 mab`t+ Jh ta fg~ad`}jsa ~ea
yq}y`va `h ~eava oa~e`n`b`djav h`bb`tjkd ~ea
Gx jn/Vejh~/Joy} xa gyy}`gfe ~` }anqfjkd aojvvj`kv
h}`o ~ea ~}gkvy`}~ vaf~`}" ~ea}a jv k` oa~e`n`b`dz
h`} Gx`jn v~}g~adjav" j+a+ ~` gx`jn ~ea kaan ~` ~}gxab+
gmba 1+ Gyy}`xan FNO oa~e`n`b`djav gyybjfgmba ~` ~}gkvy`}~ y}`caf~v
Fg~ad`}z Oa~e`n`b`dz Yq}y`va
Mqv vzv~aov GO9967" GFO9978 Vejh~jkd ~}gxab ~` o`}a vqv~gjkgmba o`nav
Ogvv }gyjn ~}gkvj~ vzv~aov GFO9978" GOV/JJJ+Q Vejh~jkd ~}gxab ~` o`}a vqv~gjkgmba o`nav
Aka}dz ahhjfjakfz GOV/JJJ+GG" GOV/JJJ+GY"GOV/JJJ+F" GOV/JJJ+G^
Joy}`xa ~ea ahhjfjakfz `h o`nav
Hqab vtj~fe %mj`/FKD* GOV/JJJ+GY Joy}`xa ~ea ahhjfjakfz `h o`nav
Hqab vtj~fe ~e}`qde }a~}`hj~ GOV/JJJ+V Joy}`xa ~ea ahhjfjakfz `h o`nav
}gkvy`}~g~j`k h fg}d` GO99:9 Vejh~jkd ~}gxab ~` o`}a vqv~gjkgmba o`nav
Mj`hqab h`} ~}gkvy`}~GO99>4" GFO9974" GO995:"
GOV/JJJ+GL" GOV/JJJ+^Joy}`xa ~ea ahhjfjakfz `h o`nav
V`q}fa3 JDAV FNO jk Feg}~v x+71" K`x =977
^ea f`oo`k oa~e`n`b`djav qvan mz ~}gkvy`}~
y}`caf~v jk ~ea FNO yjyabjka g}a GO9967 h`} Mqv
]gyjn ^}gkvj~ %M]^* y}`caf~v" GFO9978 h`} ogvv
}gyjn ~}gkvj~ vzv~aov" GOV/JJJ+F h`} aka}dz
ahhjfjakfz" gkn GFO9974 h`} mj`njavab gv hqab h`}
~}gkvy`}~+ Tejba j~ jv qkna}v~gkngmba ~eg~ g }jd`}`qv
O]X y}`favv jk ~ea FNO jv kafavvg}z ~` akvq}a ~ea
akxj}`koak~gb jk~ad}j~z `h ~ea fg}m`k aojvvj`k}anqf~j`k" ~ea fq}}ak~ y}`favv jv cqv~ ~`` b`kd" f`v~bz
gkn joy}gf~jfgb+ G kqoma} `h jvvqav ta}a }gjvan
jnak~jhzjkd ~ea fgqvav `h mgflb`dv vqfe gv
Kqoa}`qv yg}goa~a}v= ~` ma o`kj~`}an tejfe~gla g b`kd ~joa ~glak h`} ~ea N@AQKHFFF
vaf}a~g}jg~ ~` xa}jhz gkn feafl ~eaj} gffq}gfz
O`kj~`}jkd oa~e`n vyafjhjan mz ~ea FNOoa~e`n`b`dz jv k`~ y}gf~jfgb jk v`oa fgvav
= ` jbbqv~}g~a" ~ea ng~g }awqj}aoak~v h`} GO6997 h`}Mqv ]gyjn ^}gkvj~ g}a ve`tk jk ~ea Gyyaknju
Bgfl `h fbag} dqjnabjkav h`} O]X gyy}`gfeavvqfe gv vgoybjkd vjsa
Bgfl `h N@Av fgygmba ~` n` xa}jhjfg~j`kB``ljkd g~ ~ea O]X yg}goa~a}v jk ~ea FNO h`}
~}gkvy`}~ oa~e`n`b`djav" ~ea nad}aa `h f`oybauj~z jv
xg}jan+ J~ jv k`~ oqfe `h g y}`mbao h`}
oa~e`n`b`djav jk~aknan ~` joy}`xa aka}dz ahhjfjakfz+H`} augoyba" GOV/JJJ+GG" tejfe nagbv tj~e xaejfba
ahhjfjakfz joy}`xaoak~" ~ea yg}goa~a}v ~` ma
o`kj~`}an g}a %j* hqab ahhjfjakfz `h ~ea mgvabjka gkn
y}`caf~ xaejfba" %jj* gkkqgb gxa}gda njv~gkfa ~}gxabban
mz y}`caf~ xaejfbav gkn %jjj* kqoma} `h `ya}g~jkd
y}`caf~ xaejfbav ~eak ~ea ahhaf~ `h ahhjfjakfz
joy}`xaoak~v f`qbn ma }abg~jxabz agvz ~` na~a}ojka
ahhjfjakfz dgjkv oqb~jybjan mz ~ea kqoma} `h
xaejfbav+ Ng~g gxgjbgmjbj~z ogz ma g fegbbakda jk
na~a}ojkjkd aojvvj`k hgf~`}v `} gda v~}qf~q}a `h
xaejfbav avyafjgbbz jk naxab`yjkd f`qk~}jav mq~ JYFF
`} kg~j`kgb nahgqb~ xgbqav ogz ma qvan+
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8/2/2019 NAMAs, CDM and MRV: the case of transport sector
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79 Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya}
E`taxa}" oa~e`n`b`djav ~` vejh~ ~}gxab naogkn ~`
o`}a vqv~gjkgmba o`nav bjla M]^ `} `~ea} ogvv
~}gkvy`}~ vzv~aov %GO9967" GFO9978* }awqj}a
o`}a yg}goa~a}v ~eg~ g}a njhhjfqb~ ~` wqgk~jhz gkn
o`kj~`}+ H`} M]^ y}`caf~v mgvabjka aojvvj`kv
f`kv~j~q~a ~e`va aojvvj`kv fgqvan mz gb~a}kg~jxa
~}gkvy`}~ o`na g ya}v`k t`qbn egxa qvan jk ~ea
gmvakfa `h ~ea y}`caf~ gf~jxj~z+ Mgvabjka aojvvj`kv
g}a mgvan qy`k aojvvj`kv ya} ~}gkvy`}~an ygvvakda}
}awqj}jkd ng~g `k ~ea h`bb`tjkd jknjfg~`}v3
^}gkvy`}~ o`nav jk ~ea gmvakfa `h M]^y}`caf~
Hqab f`kvqoy~j`k `h vqfe o`nav Hqab ~zyav qvan mz ~ea njhha}ak~ ~}gkvy`}~
o`nav gkn ~eaj} fg}m`k aojvvj`k hgf~`}
@ffqygkfz }g~a h njhha}ak~ o`nav ^}jy njv~gkfa ~glak mz njhha}ak~ o`nav
^`~gb kqoma} `h kat ygvvakda}v `k ~ea katvzv~ao
Jk ~gmba 8" nahgqb~ xgbqav h`} vyafjhjf hqab
f`kvqoy~j`k `h njhha}ak~ ~}gkvy`}~ o`nav gkn hqab
~zyav gv tabb gv hqab aojvvj`k hgf~`}v g}a gb}agnz
majkd qvan+ ^ea ^``b ~` fgbfqbg~a y}`caf~ `} baglgda
F@= aojvvj`kv h}`o h`vvjb hqab f`omqv~j`k %xa}vj`k
=*6
gbb`tv y}`caf~ naxab`ya}v ~` qva JYFF nahgqb~
xgbqav h`} aojvvj`kv gncqv~an h`} qkfa}~gjk~z" qva
kg~j`kgb `} }adj`kgb nahgqb~ xgbqav h`} bjwqjn hqabv jh
mgvan `k tabb/n`fqoak~an" }abjgmba v`q}fav `} ~`
gyybz y}`caf~/vyafjhjf xgbqav+
6e~~y3fno+qkhfff+jk~oa~e`n`b`djavYGoa~e`n`b`djav~``bv
go/~``b/96/x=+ynh
gmba 8+ Laz yg}goa~a}v h`} GO9967 mgvabjka av~gmbjveoak~ gkn ng~g v`q}fav
Jknjfg~`} GO9967
^ea ~}gkvy`}~ o`nav qvan jk ~ea gmvakfa `h
M]^ y}`caf~Ygvvakda} vq}xaz
Hqab ~zyav `h njhha}ak~ o`nav B`fgb v~g~jv~jfv
Gxa}gda vyaanv Y}`caf~ ng~g `h b`fgb v~g~jv~jfv
Vyafjhjf hqab f`kvqoy~j`k mz o`na gkn hqab
~zya
B`fgb v~g~jv~jfv" kg~j`kgb `} jk~a}kg~j`kgb bj~a}g~q}a" `} JYFF
xgbqav oqb~jybjan mz gk gkkqgb ~afek`b`dz joy}`xaoak~
hgf~`} `h 9+:: h`} mqvav" ~gujv gkn ygvvakda} fg}v" 9+::4 h`}
o`~`}fzfbav
Hqab aojvvj`k hgf~`} JYFF xgbqav
Gxa}gda `ffqygkfz }g~a `h ~ea xaejfbav mz
o`naY}`caf~ v~g~jv~jfv `} `hhjfjgb v~g~jv~jfv
Gxa}gda ~}jy njv~gkfa h`} agfe o`na Y}`caf~ v~g~jv~jfv `} `hhjfjgb v~g~jv~jfv
^ ~gb kqoma} `h ygvvakda}v `k ~ea kat
vzv~ao]af`}nan ya} ak~}z v~g~j`k
V`q}fa3 Ajfee`}v~ a~ gb %=979* mgvan `k GO9967 Oa~e`n`b`dz
http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/tools/am-tool-03-v2.pdfhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/tools/am-tool-03-v2.pdfhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/tools/am-tool-03-v2.pdfhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/tools/am-tool-03-v2.pdfhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/tools/am-tool-03-v2.pdfhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/tools/am-tool-03-v2.pdf -
8/2/2019 NAMAs, CDM and MRV: the case of transport sector
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Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya} 77
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8/2/2019 NAMAs, CDM and MRV: the case of transport sector
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7= Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya}
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Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya} 76
]aha}akfav
Mjkv~an" G+ =977+ KGOG vqmojvvj`kv ~` ~ea QKHFFF3 gk`xa}xjat h}`o g ~}gkvy`}~ ya}vyaf~jxa+ Ogz =977+Gxgjbgmba h`} n`tkb`gn g~
e~~y3ttt+~}gkvy`}~=97=+`}dm}jndjkd}avv`q}favhjbav77>:6"KGOGPy}`y`vgbvPOgzP=977+ynh
Njgs/M`ka" E+ =977+ FNO gkn KGOGv`xa}xjat gknnjhha}akfav+ Gxgjbgmba h`} n`tkb`gn g~e~~y3ttt+~}gkvy`}~=97=+`}dm}jndjkd}avv`q}favn`fqoak~v=719="Hgf~veaa~PKGOGPFNO+ynh
Ajfee`}v~" Q+" T+ V~a}l" V+ M`eba} gkn E+ Tgkd/Eabo}ajfe+=979+ Auyb`}jkd v~gkng}njvan mgvabjkav h`} FNO gkn`~ea} fg}m`k hjkgkfa oafegkjvov jk ~}gkvy`}~+ ]ay`}~ h`}~ea y}`caf~ `k Gyybjfgmjbj~z `h Y`v~ =97= Fbjog~aJkv~}qoak~v ~` ~ea ^}gkvy`}~ Vaf~`} f`oojvvj`kan mz ~eaGvjgk Naxab`yoak~ Mgkl+ Tqyya}~gb3 Tqyya}~gb Jkv~j~q~ah`} Fbjog~a" Akxj}`koak~ gkn Aka}dz+
Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav %JDAV*+ =977+FNO jk Feg}~v+ K`xaoma} xa}vj`k 71+
Bgkfgv~a}" ]+ =979+ Fgk ~ea fg}m`k og}la~ qkb`fl ~eay`~ak~jgb h`} mj`hqabv ~` }anqfa aojvvj`kv `} g}a ~ea}a ~``ogkz qkgkvta}an wqav~j`kv fb`qnjkd ~ea vaf~`}0 Y`jk~Fg}m`k+ Vay~aoma}+ 75/=9+
Ojsqk`" Zqcj+ =979+ O]X jk FNO+ Jk jgkcjk OajcjgkdF`kxak~j`k gkn Auejmj~j`k Fak~a} %^jgkcjk" Fejkg*" 5@f~`ma} =979+
]`oa}`" C+ =977+ Mj`hqabvh}`o FNO ~` KGOGv+ JDAVT`}ljkd Ygya} FF/=977/9>+ Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgbAkxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav+
Valjkda}" H+=977+ H}`o Y`G ~` KGOG+ Fg}m`k Mgsgg} =977+Kat Nabej Jknjg+ 7=/76 Ogz =977+
Qkj~an Kg~j`kv+ =994+ Mgbj Gf~j`k Ybgk3 Nafjvj`k 7FY+76+Gxgjbgmba h`} n`tkb`gn g~e~~y3qkhfff+jk~}av`q}fan`fv=994f`y76akd98g97+ynh
Qkj~an Kg~j`kv+ =97=9+ ^ea Fgkfqk Gd}aaoak~v3 @q~f`oa `h~ea t`}l `h ~ea Gn E`f T`}ljkd D}`qy `k B`kd/~a}oF``ya}g~jxa Gf~j`k qkna} ~ea F`kxak~j`k" Nafjvj`k7FY+78+ Gxgjbgmba h`} n`tkb`gn g~e~~y3qkhfff+jk~}av`q}fan`fv=979f`y78akd94g97+ynh
Tgkd/Eabo}ajfe" E+ T+ V~a}l" ^+ Taeka}~ gkn F+ G}akv+ =977+Fq}}ak~ naxab`yoak~v jk yjb`~ kg~j`kgbbz gyy}`y}jg~aoj~jdg~j`k gf~j`kv `h naxab`yjkd f`qk~}jav %KGOGv*+CJL@ Y`bjfz Ygya} 97=977+ Tqyya}~gb3 Tqyya}~gbJkv~j~q~a h`} Fbjog~a" Akxj}`koak~ gkn Aka}dz+
Tamvj~a QKHFFF+ =977+ FNO3 Gm`q~ FNO3 FNO jkKqoma}v+ e~~y3fno+qkhfff+jk~V~g~jv~jfvjknau+e~ob%gffavvan `k => Cgkqg}z =97=*
http://www.transport2012.org/bridging/ressources/files/1/1493,NAMA_proposals_May_2011.pdfhttp://www.transport2012.org/bridging/ressources/files/1/1493,NAMA_proposals_May_2011.pdfhttp://www.transport2012.org/bridging/ressources/files/1/1493,NAMA_proposals_May_2011.pdfhttp://www.transport2012.org/bridging/ressources/documents/2/1502,Factsheet_NAMA_CDM.pdfhttp://www.transport2012.org/bridging/ressources/documents/2/1502,Factsheet_NAMA_CDM.pdfhttp://www.transport2012.org/bridging/ressources/documents/2/1502,Factsheet_NAMA_CDM.pdfhttp://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2007/cop13/eng/06a01.pdfhttp://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2007/cop13/eng/06a01.pdfhttp://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2010/cop16/eng/07a01.pdfhttp://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2010/cop16/eng/07a01.pdfhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/Statistics/index.htmlhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/Statistics/index.htmlhttp://cdm.unfccc.int/Statistics/index.htmlhttp://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2010/cop16/eng/07a01.pdfhttp://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2007/cop13/eng/06a01.pdfhttp://www.transport2012.org/bridging/ressources/documents/2/1502,Factsheet_NAMA_CDM.pdfhttp://www.transport2012.org/bridging/ressources/documents/2/1502,Factsheet_NAMA_CDM.pdfhttp://www.transport2012.org/bridging/ressources/files/1/1493,NAMA_proposals_May_2011.pdfhttp://www.transport2012.org/bridging/ressources/files/1/1493,NAMA_proposals_May_2011.pdf -
8/2/2019 NAMAs, CDM and MRV: the case of transport sector
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7> Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya}
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Joybaoak~ g b`kd/~a}o af`k`oz/tjna ~}gkvh`}og~j`kgb ahh`}~ ~` akgmbafg}m`k/kaq~}gbj~z ~eg~ tjbb eaby ~ea f`qk~}z ~` vjdkjhjfgk~bz naxjg~a h}`o mqvjkavvgv qvqgb aojvvj`k vfakg}j`v h}`o k`t qk~jb =9=7 gkn maz`kn+
^ea f`qk~}z jv jk ~ea y}`favv `h jnak~jhzjkd f`kf}a~a y`bjfjav" vaf~`}v gkn oagvq}av~eg~ tjbb ma vyafjhjf KGOGv+ @k g y}abjojkg}z mgvjv ahh`}~v tjbb h`fqv `k vaf~`}v~eg~ vyafjhjfgbbz jkfbqna ~ea ~}gkvy`}~ vaf~`}
F`~a nJx`j}a F`knqf~ gtg}akavv fgoygjdkv jk ~ea ~}gkvy`}~ vaf~`} ~` vqyy`}~ vqv~jgkmba
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Degkg
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15/26
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Vgoyba
//
Oanjqo
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//
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//
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8/2/2019 NAMAs, CDM and MRV: the case of transport sector
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//
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//
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799!
//
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//
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Vgoyba
//
B`t
Mgvan `k vq}xazv+ Qvan h`} q}mgk ~}gkvy`}~ gknjkh}gv~}qf~q}a o`nabv
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24/26
=> Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav T`}ljkd Ygya}
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//
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799!
//
Oanjqo
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799!
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25/26
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8/2/2019 NAMAs, CDM and MRV: the case of transport sector
26/26
Jkv~j~q~a h`} Db`mgb Akxj}`koak~gb V~}g~adjav
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