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- nu{ru 2 nu dufluilrnnol ldn:rfl n?rq fr{ iryfirfirufl.rvdud'ilrr!"ry!ornu{lu 2 nu qfl tnulflul$vtru1.:fl luvtoou tlJ9t1uu19t11tvt1uu11,O.1 9l'lttfi U{

i,^--11ilAUflilU

nr:rJfrrY6.rrud'rnrirr ldrr'ufirJ:vursr 2 'ld sioiu n:fifrqrirrr:r 220 u1"nl nu I iu findt I otr o . @ o 4 I rn, j u A a a s h9/dlilunr t,foru tunr:nrrgt?Tyryflrurr:{nu 660 1J111 / [: rravruo{orn?sil1ro:fUtsru tsr tgrt:?

rfiorornnr:6{00u 'lildrur:oriro'qiyil^ry16'vi'.rnrue irfivrsronna'rrur6nniulu z rfioue o o q d J o ' i " 4 e o v u a ! - J r qer qgro{mln-r:fl109onn:{ lu I qqd{u1t1r1ju9ro.1fl109r?Y11T 3 n:{ n.:uunltstlulunl:

o o @ 4 9, L It I t e

fl?ilnufl10o?slrygl'1uil5{nu rlnlilrvljlor 1,980 ljln / ld eioqqei.rrir

z.s.3nr:rirfi'srirfiydrsrndo'rS'n: n: urail: svrrufi riorir6'prirfi rnaruturqfi ii'{do

urorncir{il:vryrfl ri'ruder.rlunr:xd z.z

i ^- 4 " c, u a i I qe " - ;9n:-t{yt 2.2 r:on109t?5ltsytfltusail:syt1u lfiilluuas:lfl] ( tiruntnS0lon:na

n:rjadil:rvt1u ,2546)

do@qasigt[:oil]o9?snT lju-l9t toulaoufi?1.11j:yu1ilt 2.5 - 3 [1J9]: u117 -5 - g t]Jgt: ilUn

rJ:vruru r - to d'u ciauurnrlfrrior^rrulunaor6ururqlilqjuaylueirufirlti, dn;nnndu

Nurttrju Clamshell backhoe ttdv Backhoe dredger rrinil:srurar t6.S ct'u dolfi{ururor

tni!:o.r:-uranrrJfrrior^.rru riorir{'oisfiryfirurlovfiau::ourlunr:rfiuiryfirldn'l r+.0 - zoa t

")-6'u siofr')Iil.r uoinr:rJfrrTorrua'rulNqjarrur: orln^rifirru'ldlunaowulflfl{l{il:rlrar 6 -9r

20 rurrs fru'hJ (nryrfi 23 LLay.z.4)

4{oqr4t9/n]ilyr2.3 r:onton?sflslulnil:sutolnit,l3 ruet: ul? g rljgt: yunnir z sru

rqoa q I a ! )tlfl'tifr .r ru lu eixrfi trir nrtdr rray naoilsail: yilrururqlfi ai

Type of operation ModelHorsepower

(Hp)

Year of

purchase

Cost

(rHB)

Harvesled Capacity

(ton/month)

harvester

harvester

harvester

rck hoe

3edger(0.6m )

AOUAMARINE H65O HARVESTER, USA

AQUAMARINE AQUATRIO H650, USA

AQUA HARVESTER MITUI, JAPAN

HINO EH- 1OO

AOUMARINE H 10 -8OO CANADA ROBOTA

VOLVO PENTA MODEL TAMD 61 A

CUMMIN MODEL 4 BT 3.9-G2

AQUAMARINE MODEL H7-4OO KOBOTA

BARKY PERKIN 1006 E, GERMAN

KOMATSU.JAPAN SA 6D.95L-1

45

35

80

100

65

130

120

46

162

tzJ

1975

1978

1985

1988

1989

1994

1994

1996

'1997

1991

1,498,000

1,784,000

1,200,000

1,030,000

2,307,316

2,727,772

2,51 1,395

5,000,000

7,950,000

7.950.000

2,400

2,444

2,400

9,600

4,800

9,600

4,800

2,400

3,000

7.200

j <cr,, d q , j 9 3n]il?t 2.4 lilytHan1u-Ifl tfiill 11d:l.lllulj1:o{5U 5fi19 Backhoe Dredger, Clamshell

I

narrJfrrier-lrulurir

d r d A - iaosr' o @ o d q I

osr?ru?rr: 0 lray rnso ri'n: n afr il]6.:rutii o'eiryfi r "lu n: ilryail:vrru fi lurqlH ni

rh u rin u r n ri r l dii r u l u n r : il u ff r u q { hi a u r : n rJ fl risr- n a o r r u r q rfi n fi rfl u n a o r rir u in jr o r

rJ:sryrs 'hinrruryaufiovld.rrulunno{nranounisrfifisrsnounnuavfiivfisrfie,duril:r,o q9 I o h'r'r I o I t r

o100y1,1'l tr{nno{rrgtfl:1?51:9r t9rrltu :]fllrr}lil Fto{u1t1Jtt]ngn{1J:ytytfl

2.6 { u il i v il rorlu n r : d r i'o iv fr'v t o.r n : u u o il : v il r u

n:ilTail:ymrudorooa::ruil:surtulun1:n?lJnrlrn;drf,qisfiv usinsflt*ltva

fiaruaruilr?r terurrunrlju 2 aflHilv.nu flo {uiltyilrorriri'eriyfiylunnorlfluer:{[rarnr:

Taaonnoo'rdu,flunrrnruqrLnr:rird'oisfiryvrr.rdoil nilil:yilrrurirl#iirulunr:n?uqilriri'nuard,ooiivfir:vu'irril zs:o - 2550 rTruasnlusrl:l{fr 2.3

j r e9r q o o o 4e1'l:1{fr z.r rirlfiirulunr:n'lununmoivfrsro{nrilTnilrslllu

Yt.fl.rii#ii rulu nr: n ?u q il 6 r toivfi r (u rn) 5?il

(utn)R]ooftilr 1oaoflflao{

2530 r0,000,000 166,744,700 116,744,600

253t 10,000,000 166,744,700 t76,744.600

2532 10,000,000 202,920,000 212,920,000

2533 10,000,000 t92,921,t00 202,92r,100

2534 12,674,500 390,897,000 403,571,500

2535 18,000.000 500,812,300 s18,812,300

2536 18,000,000 500,8 I 2,300 518,812,300

2537 18,000,000 500,812,300 518,812,300

2538 45,000,000 737,s79,904 782,579,900

2539 5l ,500,000 809,917,000 861,417,000

2540 5l,500,000 809,917,000 861,417,000

2541 5l,500.000 886,843,000 971,843,000

2542 85,000,000 773,021,20A 838,021,200

2543 65,000,000 773,021,200 838,021,200

2544 65,000,000 760,59s,000 825,595,000

2545 65,000,000 760,595,000 825,595,000

2546 65,000,000 746,305,000 8l1,305,000

2547 65,000,000 746,30s,000 8l1,305,000

2548 65,000,000 746,305,000 8t 1,305,000

2549 65,000,000 746,305,000 8l I ,305,000

2550 65,000,000 746,30s,000 8l 1,305,000

l0

A 4145| 9q dlJYrlr 3 nquanlT lunl:fl nHt

3. 1 u ffn nr:rixru to.t tiotfi uir fi trit

t./

rdu fi rjirir uav aru :'rort{n:s:o n'ldrirnuerrdnnt: r4rtturfl u z duslourdn 6otrrt

rTuEroufi r. nr: r6sr6{ rrosffnisfi urir

a d - o i iqyq v 4 u a Aa- 4 q ifianfl1:vr'1{1ufl0{t:0rnil?vllsulvlt9lun'l:nn lnu ?T1Is iluanuBl3tljut0l tuul

o r n pq a n r : ti r : r o {vn^ srir ii ti u 1 #tfi "

il ar n r ei o n r : ri o ri-, 1r, o u u u va il : s n r u

lduri fi ry 6ilAdr uasaru irur 1{ n: s: o n d.rfl d'ns ilsrfr uror 6.1l#iG nr: tfi u16.11#

oaetA-?T?{Stlldtfitoln9rq

uAv,{luelol{1l2. Rrrqn?uilu

-4;ac'j-!j'tetivn vff q n6'ort rpr rfl u fi u 1 H aru fi'rri r o o fl u gor v n frr u rio Jsr ufi u ivfi ryfi er

gqYj-f,gti9)t)4enrrlusrvnfrlrEqei'r6'ruoEjd'rufrrurfe rravrJeioul#rir'lrap.irunrnfra.r'hJlunaoc

tt

aru ivfi rlusr v nYr rir'lrl tmfi su uilsnnorov&gt-Aicuaa

3.2 nlA{{lult lT lUrnAOUtR:O{tnu?f }'lyuavl'oA tqrao e q @ u 4 3 d q ,

fl ls oofl uuurnio r uu ri }iil rir a'{ urnvr olunr: 6'n iufi r ua vqe fl u rfi ulunv n f r ililt99

rioloruldvrqufrnd'nnr:to{rnio{quillrlnsflrqardrtin-nrrnrunrflxo{isfiy (6rJ6rir uas

d1fi d1u) r6u'rfiunrruu{su:r rird{druu:r6'r uacu:qdldlunr:6roou:1nirfis

3.2.r rirfi'.r{rufflilunmdr oou rtasfioiufilJ'

rirdr.:ruc.lufi {rrfludo.rtdlunr:6srordrJ6 uiocrudrur{r{nrio.:oin fruoglrirn,lrru9 a o il @ a Agt qeq 4 A 3 'vglluvnuttt{n{10{alnu?yfl$ ttdsttt{lrgro{ tf tunl:91'to0u:1n ry{1uo0nilo1u n?1ust

r q d tr,, - J" t raoafiu-lttuulrovn?1}JBr?:1nu0{?sils fi1lq01nn'r:?radoiluayn:?0?fill{ luilo{1J01J9t.11u rras

ornnr:inlueurru

s.z.z rirfi'.r{rudl*1un'rt gnirfi rr qc, - A : : - 3 , - a i - e t tt 9r u I5H A n n r : 1 o { rn : 0 { q u u 1 q n u r H du n il yu d l u ? Tl^lym Q n gt ft riJ 1 qn 0 e o ua r qil

tlytdr94lJuderyfl:tuur:o nrnwrurolti'r ta*),riuoo',n,odu.rqurhur'ldornaunr:fi 1t;

rirdwruto{dr, P* = /QHo

firdr{rurosdr (p*) fiiirurarldrlnern'rrd (r) 6o rirfr{srurorti,dfitirntindrrnrg, .J i

",( z ) frlqngrfiudrud'n:rnr:lxa( a )rirl#ldrrd'.rrrulugrln?ruq{( He )

(l)

ll

tJ,)

usilurnioraurirfr'rhjoyinr:ailtfruildr{rurfirsasrenf ornnr:lnotlouto.rrirfil$ 9U

d u I i oe9 d q q l- iu !-lunnrorrn:o{qililr lir ll4n?'rur:?r0{ tljilnaaa{ uosil:urn:u'l tunnlu0onlj]09to.il9td@d - A ar i i J u r dr oa9

uon0lnuu{uHaoutilo{lt101nfl?'luf^lnlo{tT{altfito{quut cr{dn1T{n{nd1?tljuHanl t?l

i : - J Ast qeu i i o idlJ::0R'11'l1Jo{tnto{qUil1ana{ n{UU nln{{'lunnO{ 11{nil[n:Otlqilu1il:on1n{n'Iu11

lorsr o fllh{r1#rnio'r qlrir (n) do

TQH,

rfio ry fio rJ:gfin?nrilto.rrnio.rqlrir

r.z.: rirffs t oqndo.:s up{t'u tio

rird'rriorinio{uugiliur;or.rr'ldrrnrird'.ur:idru{o'rrio tfiornfieufi'hJ (stoto" , tgis)rfstA

rrll{oonrilu 2 d?u fio

I . t[5 { tAuerillu u o.: lit fi'u tio (frictional resisiance, R r)

uAil2. rt: ndtutfi o{otndt nT slfioilfi ryu?u ttosndu (residuary resistance, R)Ac, qtq t

rr:nfreio{l{luni:duriofr'.:nruer (n, ) 6.rrJ:ynoud?uu:ir:?rJto.r zrirud'.rnrirr9yalj]{flU nO

lr:{:?u1unr:drrio, Rt = Rr*R,s, A < !- a

l[:{nliltuolltttiltduflllll{t O{il]nil[:O (frictional resistance, Ry)

ziarhroio,ruaiZtrljor:ottnu til tuut n?1ut^{9r:sl.t?t.tn?r50[ayur ruotifi'uflrr-ud'.rgio'l:Jfi

l. n?lilti?lo.ttio (speed of ship),

2. fiufittouriJunto.tlio (wetted surface area)

3. er?rlJtn?flo{rio (length of ship)

4. fi?tlll.tur1l u:.ll:vxo.:d'?rio (roughness of hull)

5. n?tilfiuruiluflo.rli-l (density of water)

6q w* Froude ldrfi'flruran:lunr:dru'laru:{61u rfiorornn'rrilfln:yn'ir{riO;l rir A.rd

Ry fSv,

s j - a r o ' ^ Jd -Inufr J fio rird'lrj:;frrqi frufr'un?rilut?fl0{rfo (L) nrruflnto.r rio rras

n?1ul.tu1ttliu10{li1

P=

t2

- ,cjiooS do frufrfrlrilunro{lio (u.'?)

ada,etolV n0 n?tut:?fl0nr5o (rjon), t rioct: 1.825 nu"/Tu.A a @ 4a tn fio n]fi1u iln1 1.825

A . . hter{ n'l I o100v?r1 laolnqnt

f

q4ad+drlardr+e!,tun:flIoiltsoYltlfi?1uti?'['l ilt0 illunn1{ u:{rduanIu:sfi'i]{rioriudr:J:cursr

75% torru:.r d'ruyiqu uEr

et< j'lr:.rririlrTo6fr o{ 0rnnrrrilAuufi fl n1{ n:vlrdli'r?u uaslr:{ilyily1,0{nduti1 6tt")

YA'i^lt5{alu[:od?uuln901n

,; a h ..i. j, a eL nl: ril auuvtfllllnu0{ n1: -lfi alo{il'1 fr rJvns n'u: oil 1 ri'?r?o drnr:oonulu

grJ:'r*iorfi rrrrdllu:.rrirudrsfi rirriou

z. u:.:61u 0 r n n: ruarirn r;u:ulucrurouiofi fi vr: un6 un- e ,l i^.j^.d^..^,_.-t_-.4..r. d a <ja t e3. u: {et1u0 1nfl auillruoarounufl 11r 1lununrrrurirl0.rrio n:fr fr r50rrriu6:o

d9)9n?1il15?q{u:.rdrurirufi ot0d{6{ 50 -6a%xo.ru:{6'turiofinun

v,6'rriu fl r d'.r.: ru rfcn iler fi do r ldlu nr : riu rio d ruror ldo r nasr :s

dro'slru, power: \rv

Jsrufi R, n:rdrutoqiurionu" (fi.rd'uy

v nrrur{':ro.rrio (u"riurfi)

l3

4oAunll 4 nt:o]rli1t{lil

o v 4 !q I4.1 Rl5dr:?O?!nruiilnao{uail:r1r]u

9 o u d lo e

{orya:rurrunr:dl:?oisrTryrirluunriwir nasrsarJ:smru lnonrju'rruirfis eirui6'ue ,t a / q o au e I u o "

ruorfsJ uldruam urfl rdni tirrinTd'uuavffl u'r nil dr irfr srir eirulrqjfi nllun ao{

yarj:rmru ldrri 6:Jdri1 uasfltfi ito?n{n:s:on. i 9) A quq a d o d lngo a ' a e'

nr:dr:?orfrourdoryarfio1#1unr:oonuiluriorduitfis 'l6rirtu=unr:oril{ayrooqfiIn:q

nt:sailrvvlrudrrJrr fi.rniqnrwfiu{ uor ln:rnr:vail:synudo.rdrlo.r frixinqn::orqi d.rfi

In:snr:vail:svnudo{drlo.rlunoos 6€f -2cr nyir rflunauuiimla*:sxlqurndqn uas

^ Z dtd I dt 4 d at rtl r " - - a lrnqilulnu 0{[r]J0rrilunaonqlnnoun:n rtasilnl:xaaonndo{ufllj ugrtud-ru'r:fln10fi?Ynsul

l#xrunhjld' ,dooorn,ufiq rrn uo'riyfiryrirn.:fiotiuayfiri:ufiluariurLrfi'urir 6ndwsneufi

srnr{rnrLlunaor &snrrflufi.rri1riaril'1:r}nxur}u16'fiu,,riurrflunaororernounTn usirJ?urtu; - Agt - J a a, qrua a e

aynou?rernnrnruvrfornoo{r'ruril:vrlra ro-zo .rti. d'rriudrrfluarruql#irfiscrru:nrfrqfiua d lnttilnao{noufl:9r t9t

nanr:dr:ro{ryfirylunoo{ 6 ry-2 ry 'ldrirrfiunl, : or-'t oirucatsluflr:rrfi +.t ,4.2 LLayj

43 tta3 Rllrll4.1

'nr:lrrfr +.t Honr:tir:rodrjfirirlunaorl 6ry -2,f ln:lnr:rynil:cntudo{dris.r 6'.rn{rr

qn::orqi tir:rorfio tq fi{ilrnu zs+s

0eldl:?ooil)01u?ufiu/u_^

nlrqaun?1uu-l?

du(mr.)

n1raa0fl?rilu'l'l

rrn (ryu.)uu.rlJon(nnJu.2. uu.rqAul6'u(niu)

24 133.4 5.0 l.136 47.33

2 47 147.5 93 1.704 36.26

3 u4 146.2 ll.r 5.680 49.82

4 'tl t49;I ll.l 7.270 102.39

5 102 232.9 t4.0 5.510 54.42

6 93 171.8 7.t 6.816 '13.29

7 159 t72.1 7.5 4.885 30.72

8 136 143.5 9.8 4.430 32.57

9 141 t67.5 9.6 4.828 34.24

t0 87 154.6 9.5 3.334 42.11

t4

1: r.:fi 4.2 ila nrr ti'l:?rdrjdrirlunaon 60r - 2,r In : snr: vnil: vn rucorfi #o.t

6"rninqn::orqi tir:aorfio tg qa1nil 2548

0nd]:?0 il'l1t1u9lu/u.nlrnada?1!d1?

du(qu.)

illrqouft?1!t 'l')

:ln (sri.).r!.rijun(nn./u.2. uu.rsfiol6'u(niu)

I 179 151.0 6.0 4.40 6.15

2 232 t74.0 6.1 7.20 7.76

3 180 156.2 s.3 6.80 9.40

4 r30 229.0 6.0 9.20 t7.69

5 136 208.0 6.3 3.64 6.69

6 234 188.1 7.5 10.40 l1 ll

7 238 209.0 6.0 tl.24 I 1,81

8 228 190.0 6.0 8.00 8.77

9 240 t77.0 5.6 8.84 9.21

l0 23'1 212.6 7.0 8.00 8.4 r

l.z nr:iir:roffn:rnr:ro3nltfiuln rrovnoraruffiilNn'ruRlnto.rdrj6riroc

nr:tir:rod'n:rnr:roicytfirlsr ua;qorclrinrr.:nrunrntordrlirir rfiorir'hlldrflue/ o d d s 4 : !: t 9 , o,o3, i;lJ0Un lUnt:oonrrillJr:ornu?T1{slJlfr:'lu lJ:snougr?0 n?lilfilJ][[uulonqilaulgro?luYl l,u'l9r

Y.Y!uV!-or'4ettn?luur?9tu 1ulnalfiu u1fiufltt?r.1 urHunriJijn n?1lJ?1u11l1Jsiotr:,19tc rtavu:.r9rlulrlunonr:4a"iaiagr.toou:rn n{[d9l{ luflr:r{yr 4.3 on 4.6 lrav fl11ln4.4 o.: 4.8

15

i r dr t

nr:l{fi 43 fianlriadsr:rnr:uwdr0r0xo{dilArirlunao.r 6ry-2q ln:lnr:ro:Jrsvl'rudo{fi#o{

1200

't0@

800

600

,lO0

mo

o

;-,"nlilfr 43 t{anr:nndoudn:rnr:un:turwo{6il6rir1unao.r 6c.2ci In:lnr:railrsittildo.laztltuo{

7te

-6tt

€

R:{yr dxnar (iu) ,io9tnlraaul'tu?ufru no n1:'l{tun:

I

7

3

4

5

6

7

l4

2l

28

35

42

104

224

280

292

732

956

t6

;.oue9r.)n15'.t{yr 4.4 flan]:d]:?0illn?ludUr{Uf, tO.rOrq ltntfl?1uu1?dulsl6rJ6rir

350

300

2

200

150

100

50

0

orgiir tiu)

-deJgvrntflfr 4.4 n?1ilai'ufi'ufro{n?1ilr,-l?dufiuorqro{6il6drlunaon 6ry-2cr In:rnr:rarltsttltdo{At,Ttlto.t

aF

aG

a€.G

:'

frt{?l I orqfir (iu)'irurirrnau n?1ilu]?6u (cru.)

7

t4

2t

28

35

42

76

95

162

195

199

294

t7

nl:r{fi 45 fl'lud'lr{udtolrirurinrfluncioet't:1{run: fiuorqto.rdrl6ri,r nosuery-2ry ln:lnr:, Att

sail:sil]udo{iluo{

10

9

8

7

6

5

I

3

2

I

0

Rltrtyt 4.5

51015202530351045

irnarnr:niqpdtln liry

tlv*tte)n?rud!{udrouirnrinriluneiont:t{tiln:riuotqxo.r6rJdrir nao.i 6iu-2s In:lnr:

t Ac,snil:3vt'ludoiT{uo{

c

e7

n:{Yl I orqfiv (iu) rirrndu rhil rinril un( nn-ru';

7

t4

2t

28

35

42

1.20

1.60

2.32

2.92

6.40

8.80

t8

n r : 1 { fi 4.6 n ? r il d'rl rfi'u dt o.:rir r rin ril u n fiirirn rinu#.rt o'16 rJfi rir

i-94nr:rrfr 4.7 ruanr:ierlJurnn?llJondurocarilfiolt!42iu naor 6ci-2ry ln:snr:snrJ:syr"lu

Agtdo{vtuo.t

n:{Yl

dt@A

uu.rilun?sil1:?lt

ulilunRlsu3 (n:il)

tt@Auu. ttfin?sTts

(nil)uu.n.io{nlaus

(niru)

nA

?11J51{

tnjofrdusil

I

.)

.)

4

5

6

3r.20

41.60

60.32

7s.92

166.40

228.80

2.90

3.05

498

7.51

l3.85

31.89

28.30

38.55

55.34

68.41

r52.55

r96.91

90.7t

92.67

91.74

90.1I

91.74

86.06

tqau

n:{11

9tn?tilti1?9lu

(ryil.)

A .s)n?1il0 (nu)

r Jd t Arilo:rryunfl?tut)

I 50-100 96 24

2 100-150 185 46.3

3 t 50-200 93 23.3

4 200-250 2t 5.2

5I

il1nn?l 250 50 1.2

total 400 100

l9

n15l{ft 4.8 Hant:ierxu1aii1duxo.tfiilAfiAyy{uoil

o1q 42iu naoq 6 ry- 2q Inrrnr:rnil:svnudo{

60

40

30

20

10

o

Z stem dia. smaller than 1.0 mm.El stem dia. between 1.0 mm. and 1.5 mm.E stem did. between 1.5 mm. and 2.0 mm.Mstem dia- between 2.0 mm. and 2-5 mm.

i -- t r o 9 o ro!n1iln 4.7 n1:ttlj{flAil{U-l9t3i]gtuflO.l9tilAil]

43 Rl:llodoun?tileTrilnrurtt{6{ travu:{d{oou:rnro.t 6rjdrirnavorndrgmrln:s:on

u: l nro{6il6rirua y ar n dr u

fi't{ntv:on tfluriorynfiiln:rru<irri'qfidordtnr:sr:'roiq drurrflurioryalunt:oonrruildurird'l

1Ulfl AOUtn: o{o{traynnrnil?Yfl ry

I

nl5lletdolJ[r:{6{oou:1nto.rdrJfirir6'?uailic'lolr]ufirnof( spring dynamometer )a)o,^t

tt:{6{q{qnfi6rJ6oou:rndu trnnr:nflao{lunoo{erflnoun;auasfiflsnou6un:ruHeuJnau

R?]ilfiutto{nsnoudnnrrufirirlsrurqfiu:sn'irl 0.10-0.20 riln:luln:,rnr:uail:snrudttrrwrtau frir{nun:ilgrl uavJn:{rnriydil:slrruao.rfirlor frsnioqrrr::arlj drruanr:nrat

5;IIrl!

Measurement of stem diameter of Potamogeton

53.250/"Etr-treeffi

31.507"

10.250/0

5.OOo/o

%;77V7npotamogeton, 3t m die, d ( mm. )

nqilvln?lu6 r(6',u)

njoirryueinlufi ( %)rurerdurirgutinnxiirdu,d ( rrrr)

I 20 5.00 d< 1.0

') 2t3 53.25 1.0<d<2.0

3 126 31.50 1.5<d<2.0

4 4t 10.25 2.0<d<2.5

4u:{n{oou:rnri{uen{lun1:l{fi 4.9 uasnrilfi 4.8r[ay4.9

20

n lfl fi 4.8 nl: yro dollu: l6loou: r n6il6u riort:.: d{d? u Spring Dynamometer

i . 4 Q d ldoer-r:r.:114.9 al[:{€r{d.rciolunr:nou:rnGrJ6lunaos 5v -2ry ln:snr:rail:ylrruaorfir?orsc

Test No' of uprooting

No. Stem Force (kg,)

Average Average Average

Length of Stem (cm.) Length of Root (cm.) Stem Dia.(mm.)

I

2

4

5

6

7

8

9

l0

llt2

l3

t4

l5

102

68

35

55

88

24

95

7t

JJ

52

88

108

152

46

72

500

500

500

480

500

500

500

500

330

310

350

500

500

400

400

9.00

9.50

5.00

8.50

9.00

1.00

7.00

17.s0

7.00

6.50

I1.50

I I.OO

20.00

7.00

10.50

7.00

8.00

19.00

25.00

14.00

18.00

20.00

25.00

13.00

15.00

17.00

20.00

21.00

22.00

22.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.04

2.00

2l

nrrl{d 4.s (eio)

Test No. of Uprooting

No. Stem Force (kg.)

Average

Lrngth of Stem (cm.)

Average Average

Lenglh of Root(cm.) Stem Dia.(mm.)

l6

t7

18

l9

20

2l

22

23

24

25

27

28

29

30

3l

32

JJ

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

4l

42

93

95

103

73

4t

ll0

73

132

28

42

108

117

35-

42

84

65

107

56

35

47

39

72

67

't2

400

400

248

195

25s

200

200

210

210

224

240

270

550

530

530

550

550

s60

420

550

450

MA

460

480

350

360

13.00

22.00

25

25

5

23

25

25

24

25

20

20

l0

l3

l3

12

l5

8

l4

l0

t2

t2

14

20

l8

t2

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.04

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.7

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

68

79

13.00

7.50

19.00

I1.00

I1.50

17.00

1 r.00

19.00

7.5A

10.00

13.50

. 19.00

5.5

5.7

12.0

9.50

. 20.0

12.50

4.0

7.50

7.30

r6.0

8.5

I 1.50

15.00

13.00

.i::l:,,,

-,Ei::r

22

-.20o.:<

oP15oat,c310Iof5

o 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

no- ofstem

iaenlnfi 4.9 ll5n6{CIouttn 6rJfi ri rorqil:vutu o ri'rJqr?irrayfi n.rrilura:r nrildu r 0- 20 ry}r.

a:unr:isrrird'ldrurt:.:6.:cr{qet0{6rjdrh uayarujruilr{n:y:ofl ld'ldrnio.rfio?ledolriolt:rdl lu#olrl6rTor-nr:rerdoilfdEro{ndil{runoun;n rirui{'orrayrt'nrur6,rurgen::u drrinTfftlunvr{etur Iquvrncoilu:.rqo{iynoryfinydu uas rfiu,ilruruiird'uiyfirurn49)a1u t{nn]:vlfleounrril6luvllutt:{6{q{qnt0{6ilfi rrayaru:'rouxn:s:onriouiirdurrnudn.:1unt:1.rfi +.to dl +.tz,,urolod+-to dl +.tz

nrnfi q'to nl:inriri'i'ldrurt:rd.rq.rqsrro16rJfirir uaycrxiromrrn:y:ond'ro rndolru-onncorieur{6r

t.a

23

n 1: 1rl 4- I 0 t4an1:nfl doufl ?1ru6'luvlluttt {qd{to{ dtu dlufl t.:n:s:on rJ:yuru S d'ilnr?i

No.Average Stem

Dia. (mm)

Average Stem

Cross sectional

e,rea (mm)

No- of StemTotal Load

(ke)

0.200

0.350

0.450

0.250

0.450

0.200

0.4s0

0.450

0.350

0.450

Load/Stem

(kg)

0200

0.350

0.450

0.250

0.450

0.200

0.450

0.450

0.350

0.450

Tersile

SfrenCth

(tglmm'?)

0.15

0.14

0.40

0.32

0.18

0.21

0.29

0.2s

0.20

0.29

I

7

J

4

5

6

7

8

9

l0

1.3

1.8

t.?

1.0

1.8

l.l

t.4

1.5

1.5

1.33

2.54

l.r 3

0.79

2.54

0.95

1.54

t.77

1.77

1.54

average 1.4 1.59 0.36 0.24

t

2

3

4

5

1.4

t.2

1.4

r.2

1.4

1.54

Lllt.54

Ll3

1.54

2

')

2

2

2

0.950

0.550

0.580

0.550

0.450

0.475

0275

0.290

0.275

0.225

0.31

0.24

0- 19

0.24

0.1 5

average t.32 138 0.3 r o.23

I

2

3

5

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.3

1.4

t:17

1.54

2.01

1.33

1.54

J

J

3

J

3

0.500

0.600

1.450

0.950

0.600

0.170

0.200

0.483

0.3 l7

0.200

0.10

0.13

0.24

0.24

0.13

average t.44 L64 o.2'7 0.17

I

2

3

4

5

1.3

1.5

l.l

1.3

1.4

1.33

t-77

0.95

1.33

1.54

4

4

4

4

4

0.950

0.950

0.650

0.950

0.600

0.238

0.238

0..r 63

0238

0.t50

0-l 8

0.13

0.17

0.18

0.10

avemge t -32 r.38 o.2t 0.15

nlrr{fi 4.1I nnnrtnndoun?tudlilntultt{6{q{Eaxo{iirdu6ilfidr orq il:surBr a dila'ti

No.Average stem

dia (mm)

1.50

l.5l

l.5l

2.35

2.22

2.25

2.15

1.85

1.50

r.60

1.40

l.l I

1.75

Average cross

sectional area (mmt)

no. of

stem

Total load

(ke)

0.50

0.50

050

0.95

0.90

0.70

r.7 5

1.75

1.65

1.7 5

2.00

2.00

load/stem

(kc)

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.95

0.90

0.70

0.88

0.88

0.55

0.58

0.50

0.50

0.66

Tensile

strength

(kglmm'z)

0.28

0.28

0.28

0.22

0.23

0.18

0.24

0.33

0.31

0.29

0.32

0.51

429

I

2

3

4

5

6

1

8

9

l0

llt2

Average

1.77

1.79

r.79

4.33

3.87

3.98

3.63

2.69

1.17

2.01

t.s4

0.97

2.51

I

I

I

I

I

I

2

2

3

3

4

4

ti:t.ifii:Ltl

Test no. Number of stemMaximum tension force Maximum tension force per stem

(N/ stem)Kg. N.

t0 4.30 42.18 4.22

2 20 8.50 83.39 4.17

J 30 13.00 127.53 4.25

4 40 14.50 142.25 3.55

5 50 23.40 229.5s 4.59

6 60 25.00 245.25 4.09

7 70 28.20 279.64 3.95

8 80 33.40 327.65 4.10

9 90 37.00 362.97 4.03

l0 100 44.50 436.55 4.37

ll 150 59.60 584.68 3.90

t2 200 85.00 833.85 4.20

25

900

800

= 700oob oooc.9 500,tcg 400Er 300E

E zoo

= 100

o

0 10 2a 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

number of $em

170 180 190 200 210

trlv{fi 4.11 n?lilii'ill'{uftoln:rudru?nuir:{fl*ifiuiruruduzuo16rlfidr orqil:yrriu o ri'ilerf

26

4.4 R r i il o a or fi n s r n, ru r fl uhj'l d'l u n r : fi'o ri r n *o { 6 { fi,n iy yr^r

, ^ ,:1'orrrufrnru%'r6'ulunr:fiqfirrnio.rd.rn1prrfi,ivfimirrJ:yrnyrfifiii'nuilydrdurflurorrdu drjdri r ua v crrdr u'rdri*r usr n dnnr: rir{rur o,: rnf o.r fi ri.rdJ.

1 " "" : r rfi u ro'{el,, ivfi rrdr u r {ri'rrnio.r'o

" d,q 1 #fi r u rn fi u,fi n 1

riusr o u fi z n r: qor ivfi ffi q nn"'e*fl uafi ry du qa rerfi uuu rf o

, riunoufi: ririrfiyfirfiuuurfohJir.rsrfi.rrir.r, uouu

dnr:noao.tti I : fl rryro0o.rnrnrrruriluhj,lfr

flltnqaoilniofi r 'fl'n-ltnoao{fitnarrurfluhlldlunr:oonuuurniorri'orqqirfiy frfi

ii'nsalvtflutnr *iu 6rldrir crmdru rfludu riaorlu,ilrno,r r4rd'runrio.ronfinfinia rurqn{rc :o

.""1. 1l r5 ryu' u,,? 50 su- fivion:ruonr4rd'auvio pvc 1u.'e 3 u<a ilrnr{ruror

rdu^lfrUUn.l': 2 uil- ur? 4 ryil- vrfl'v{Jv 2,5 vu.:oulrnu pvc da.,r_,r'firyu:ourrnud,rufiot?'"'*tj^Td'rar,irui#rrirgnriolqriarHrrfl druuuriornrioronfiania.*rv;riol.io n,r. o fi.ru,loriiNrjrfrprorarurrafiqn6,:rdtlrlrrnrioqonfrn-n

Iflua6nra-ndt (Syphon) qrJn:nfnr:nqaoreL.:uae{lunind +.rz

jnlwn 4'n n1:mqao{n?rrurfi uhj1d'lunr:r4rslu*uu,ofuog" arndr'

l

I

II

I

II

IIE

$

27

r{anr5ilflno.rrfiordurw'ir d-lrn:CIonfi.rdruilurudruu,,nu rvc r{r{nrio.rqou{i{riepvc 'lryr'louoanlrJ urirfinilqnrarniruri'uvio pvc firirnrhfi6{arilirur{r{nrio.rqn

nr:rrfi'ltfliyilrerudrsfiu:ourrnuvio pvc fid'qn;{ 6.r1d'rirnr:nflno{fiqriulrfi"rl..rI

I4@ o A Inriifi6'oriryfirraru;ilttlu rfio1#6rJduavarndrodqnnurrunvrl6.:r{rrurrrasqnd'errfludurfin1t 9 rr - j 4

nourcjlqyro9r9 9t.rRly'lyt 4. I 3 0.1 4. I 6

--- ; . -- - q d q v a 14 tq 9r@ .1 "

d anlllYl 4. l 3 anuiuv tuueletqiryvt'ry-lnlf nu:ourrnu uuufr t lufi nfreuurrasturu fil' j .e itru?ttflufiryuttnuuurrutfrur (dru) rrllfi z lufierr{rfluryurnrarldr,rurrurdu.l(rtr)

nrfl fi 4. l4 bLfiqd'fl irfis uuufi lluinrxrfl uuurrurufi'ufinldrrnunryuldroy

rtrufi+hfipr?r{rfluuurrururi'u rni.rrfluzdruu-,n,,u.donu-r,rqro.rruaru{u(1r?r)

28

nrv{d4-l5lufiatrilufi+ finor"":lunrio.rldununryurirnrirfiri'e{s7r^rfin*sr{rilrlquilurilrdurfir1#u a --E 3 J , eh ro? Tt\ Tn fl R R r1J uru c{u1 n 0u n nqq r{r'lillu n rio lfl n

n1ilfr4-16 irfirgno'.rr{rurqncio.rorioruasQnd'srflufiu,f;n1 udagnqardr}Jluvioqer'lrafl3[tn:n

jnrrilfl ao{fr 2 : R.rnono{o1:ririrr{ro{rndosffnrfiuirfiu

o'ttntou*d z tfl unr:neao{ciotindufinsrnnao{nrnrrufiuhjld dlnudr nr:6r

isfivdruffi rfiord'r dn rta;qer riuqdrfiilriourirhjdr arrur:or{r'16'f.rldeir.rrniorn-nrfiuva-ieisfrv tr-ilrnooudruuorsrofh,lflr ( nrnfi 4.n tny4.l8 ) il:snoudt'drudrriq z aau nol' ncio{6'n rird'rtl*rf;nrtp'iunur 3 uu. rlJrer'{r.r so ryu. firur*fiu,fifim,urn 4 uu. ur?.AJ

+ ryru' dnd"r :olviorrf;n turerrdudrgutinarr to ryu.fifi'nurnnrogjnars?io 'nurilard- A ouriurna-ouhinryudrolorsrofh^lfirturo z u:{flr rirlr?nur*rfiuauuyiornf;n nryurfiur

ruo y pr'{ isfi yr{r hJ 1 u n ri s.r sler

2' rioqor rird'r0yiorilfin turnrdunirsutlnorlnrolu ts ryu. nrglu6r,iolur(*riurdrri,urnarrr f; n furnf; oudruruorn o:"'h,rfl r :Jiunrrrur$r:ou ld, rure z u: rflr

Tn fl fi u ii'n n r : ri r.: r u q"'.r d1. irffrqn6,ru?rhllu nrio,:erioirfrtqnfrrrdrTrJlunrio':erio drulrururfi0rfifrnd'{rrfinuuviorufinfir{rnrirfirflu

trnuilryu rirulufiqfifirrrisogil6'rurrurfiurlunriorqnua;rirrrirfirfi'nror{rfisl#srer

rfl u durf; n1 riou riru uir hJ lu rioqn

2_ du irn^rfi g n rin rfl u du rfi n 1 a aru fi'u rir g o q u,d-, I :J ru rio q n nr

r a o r u u n s n fr d.rirn'vovsr'ndrcuunsnird.u*,tiq"duur'rnadoua.rlunaord,rrfi

u

30

nrylfi 4.17 rnio{er-qrfiuiryfivafi.rsrrrugiluuurrnnr:moaorlurirfinurorrurflulilld

3t

Spike trNth Nbdng dNnr of lhe ti6t rial bweger

Side View

- Spikc rrrrh{ 4m-dia-4m. hmg )

sted gipe. 15 on. dia

- spile hx)th

,,- cu(er blide

IIL Flo*. WFd

Spike tqnh obting drunr of fte tiFr trial hne$cr

Front Vies

nrrfr 4.r8 dnsilsxururdul uav lufin arufir4rnrirfirfior drua;srlq {ryfis

32

i-4vatovn1:nnao{tn: o.tstgilfl lrf ttr! noilnlnuttuu

nl:il:ynoilfiqd{rfiodrnr:mnao{rnio16'orrfiuiryr^s(nrrrfi+.lg) rflunr:nodo.r?rlt9

rudur{uf,tord'ruil: uas ilti'ueirr 1 t6orfi'rnr:rirsru ttavq:?0dorilrynrfirfiefiuriouvfr9r'',Atytild5lieturrilil !r{nt:ilnao{ iltsnou9t?u

Jtdql. nl:?1na0{firfi?1ud1J11uf:v14'll{n?lilt:?:ounl:ilryu l1J11011oeq nil on:1nl:quYr,t

rir, d'n:rnr:qnitfirfiqnsinHatfiurir,d'fl:rdtutold'or:rnr:qoivfisfisiodn:rnr:tr

d1Jli-r rianl:mgao{rrdgr{lun1:r{fi +.tz ttnvnrufi+.2 0-4.22g

rtaA-j2. nt:11qao{fi]fi?tlJdlJl^tus5cfi?1{fl?'llJr:?:oilnl:uryutflalilulutnu? flu tju'l9lYll

'ArondrfiirufiQnd'q ilan1:mqao{ udn{lun1:l1fi +.t: uav nlflfi4.23

rild +.ts nr:il:ynoucr-nd"r rirud'eufiuivr,r'rrfiorirnr:nqao{ilrn?rudil}iuf,zuord'lrnJ:oix1i"u,"lgtAv4qa9

tlt 0 u 1 t ]J tlj u u o { a o o n I til il tn : o n n n tn il ? TTI 5n u t tu 1J

-)-1

j . _- i detltl{fr 4.12 ffaRt:ilndoilr'ln?-tuli'urYudnerurir:oilot:iluillufinrioqntstraft rotation)9

speed of suction pipe )riu dq:rnr:{urir (Qwater) Heufiuivfir(eweed )

shaft rotation speed of suction pipe

(mm)

Qweed

(ern/s)

Qwater

(liVs)

Qweed/Qwater

(emnit)

700

850

950

1,050

1,1 50

1,210

1,300

9.31

36.s6

87.40

t26.6s

144.93

193.26

240.0a

3.36

9.08

8.85

15.43

15.00

17.08

21.95

2.77

4.04

9.87

8.21

9.66

I 1.31

10.93

.v:

h€P.

e5

zfr

l5l0

J

0

200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400

*haft rotatiorr *pe +{ {r1lrr}

y = 0.0286x* 16.491

Ra = 0.9433

i- ^^ v e ? d o onlflfr4.20 t{aRI:nfletoilt{tn?rildilrYufnlurir:ounl:?t{u1ur{orvioqntshaft rotation

of suction pipe )fiu dn:rnr:qurir (Qwater)

speed

34

u

E},

|P

?

400

300

200

100

0

200 400 500 800 1,000 Le00 L400

:rlurft r.otafion :rp *til {ryun)

y=0.3941x-275.91

?R = 0.9706

2. J dn11T?14.21 tJanl:lleldot.lttlnltrudru}^{uinerrut5::0ufl1:?trJu"lrlvflnvioqerlshaft rotation speed

I

of suction pipe )ri'u o-n:rni:qerfiu{ufiu(eweed )

fi14i rtFlgsl\r' l0;r*o-OdF6c/t*.r*{J

E,O

200 400 600 800 1,000 1,e00 1,400

xlr,rfr rotnfi+tr q*rd {ryrn}

n1ufi4.22 flanl:nadoilfirn?rilxi'uviuf,nlrLrir:ornrrlrryulunlnvioqotshaft rotation speed

of suction pipe )rirL on:rarutordor:rnr:(rril ,iudrr'.rnr:qo8uivfiv(eweed / ewater )

35

ar51{fr 4-13 r{nRr:yrqno{il'rfl?1uai'ur{'uf,rowlutf r:ouunurnu-,udur(Drum speedl-ivainu naruurr$uirfrrfrqnrfi'n( Average cut weed)

Test No. Drum speed

(mm.)

Average cut weed

(cm.)

30

100

ll0120

230

264

12.00

4.74

3.97

4.00

3.00

3.20

z-)

o

o.Q)-c)d)bol.ro

14.00

12.AA

18.00

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00

Y - 91 .73i4x-o's:r:

R2 = 0.9361

100 150 200 250 300

Drum speed (rpm.)

n 1v{ fi 4-23 n r r u ri'ruvtu f,ton n ?1urf ?: olJunu fi u:r urfi ur(Drum speedlt.

@Adnl n'lruurrfruirfiffignorler( Average cut weed)

utlii s

n1:oo nuuu o{rsriorfi uiufir uav nnaouriorfi uitfise1uuuu

v6ll 9acvA;.1 fi ORnl:n}t11{ lldvcl?1{tJ:vnouil on1oil15olnu?xl lu

rdrornnr:nagnuacnnno.rduei.u,nio'rrfi'qrfiuivfisilrnarudilvl-uf,to.r6'luJ:

fifiHasionr:virrrurorrnio.rud:ldr4'rnr:oofluuuuasrioafrs 6'uuuutiorfiuiryfiry Inufid d v a !' -:

n a nfl 1 : Yt'l { ]u lJ o ir r: o rn il ? v?{ T 2 1, u 9l o u 9l {u!;Aa-agtsqduuad,jdervduvr t :nt5mu't glitrrrultqnao{gra ttav luuogrgt?stts tilusuranl tuflno{nn

firfi z :n r : qer irfi rfi q n 6'r'1#rfl udu,f; n 1 rlu fr'lrir {n s niruu tio ua s rJ rio ul#rir99

'lnnr.irusrsniror{nao.r ri'luirfisdr{uunsngr riourirhJd.r{rrnaowrioqorfirflufiduA

tnilrflglslrs

arurj:;noufidrri'ruzuo{riorfiuSrrtv (nrrrfi s.t) il:sno vdtu z aruud'n

9tiu

d?uYt 1.

a?un 2-

A_duAt''rrArn5or6'orfiliryfir(choppingunit) : rJ:vnoudru : ctrutjou do

rdau4.9,r4d9ia-al.l d?1191'1rrnvflgt?sils ?I]fl?unao{lfi an ilaoilu-liltnu?n.t?s]ls',r q d da a tsYY A v v a Aa I q94: d

!.r 1 u [u il fl yt 9r a n { o u t n a o fi u 1 u [11 0 n q ? $?\l sil n { tfl 1 ul tl,r tlj u su ra nq

fl o,r fi'u rsu iryfi ryv[u : o r uR lln n r ua s 1 ur{sr lu vi o n n u 6r s d s n ? nlu n r :ctoAor,'

rfr r ivfi rlein rvu v rio u o srir'hj fi .r

t.z vioqer( suction pipe ) rirdruyiontf;nrdudrqutinarrnrulu ts ryu.

^ d o s he a o s A ! - a A u & i a 3er9rgl': tu Ytgr l? n lu lu vll l{u]ilqnulildil?sil rymQnnnrilusuta n l,uq

yio J ' an s n: 1T 9t 9t 9t{O UlJUlt Os

A tAagsq - j i - d u a. J3. I rn: o{ uua T ts tunlt ilulfl noulfi: o{gtfl rnu?slIs tunl: : oonrruun:.1jryoyl A r a v i A dt A r du t fl t%n 5 0.1 uu cr ril u ryu I il [n do u 5 3 u 1J tuo.t 0 ] n ril u rfi : o { uu 9r u u 1 n rn n9v

ri ru rinrur dva? nlunl: o^q6'rldsrua icyo ! A v d q 4 t 9 t o u ar: o11 tsgl9r9l itn: 0 {grfl tnu? T11s lJ: y noilq?ud?ufl lnq no

sd-iedua2. I tn:{rHan50.t: urfl t o{grnrnil?sl,ts

Aau2.2 1tur50 tras :]'rnilnn

z.r lfl sri rdr u'b,huo fn arc z Ifl y : o riuriru rinuurioAtgtAa

2.4 tn : o':uu9t1^{5 0utft: o{t: o}t]{tu'l?

37

i 020 F 0_$ ---l-- 0r0 --+- 0.a --+- 0.J0 _*1-_ 0.J0 __+_ 0r0 __F 0ro __+_ 0r0 iiIrirTTii3

I

n i n fi s. r n rn ar fi n du ur u rio r6u isfi srir rdo.r eiu d u u o,,u u

38

s.2 R rro onuurlfl ;o{fi'orfi uirrnr'r

,.Hao rRRl: nnao'rf;urnio'rcifl rfi uirfis rir url#rfl udoryalunr: oonuuu d'cd

),- n?rilfi ururiudrJfi rirsiortufi lun no.:

Y9o e <l d ldo- utHunrilunro{nilail't

- rirnrinriJonsio r d'uet)

- R?1lJU]?9tUtilauJ)9

- d'.rriu r1 rr rin6rl6ri rcio n rruurr

l. nltoo nttill]: ou nl:fi ryutoldorurruriurirfis t zo :ousiourfi ldrurerrqduro,lasaajsuiryilr unrtuorturnfl ofr ocfu:orlrilnryioqq 1 rnarvioqn rutet 25 rJU. R ?tuut?

9tJtrflufltfluunat{il:slJloJ 7.9 lril. )

2. rr nn r r u d'ruviu f,: v n'i i.: n ? r il rt ?: ou nr 5 fi {u ro { r?{ a ryioen uas cru ru aun uo #uua-!lTilSnUU1

- dn:r6irurudilfl{qflro.rirn'vlurirfiqnqn firir r r nirusiorir r fin:Aeataddrr- rnto{uusrruuryu rJnsrnrirurTr:ouRr:fl ryufi rir:srjr.r 2,000 fiq 3,600 r01I

ld-

9tou111

t- o r nn: rvln rrud'rufiur:vn itr dn : rnr: aurirri'rnr rrur$ r:ortornrar nr:

;ousiourfi d'n:rcuv

rir so fiq: l iurfi fiorflurjiurtuivfivfi^auhj6'urir e50 nfu l ?uifi3. ruanr:dr:ao n:rruuurrniuvorisnoy AilAd1 firror,.u,ulu 45 ,u

n?lut4ururiugrqer t,2ao ilu /u.2 'l

osdr- u'lilunlljuR ll nn./u.tctA-9- ft?]uu]?nutqau 300 .ru. / 6il

,rr'uuuroor',rurrdudrj6ri', rjrrul* 3 rvirrornrrudorilluouo.r ri',rduludufi t nr:rqtJ

nrn: 6{fu6rJdr:rfifid'nunrsrflurnrilnoqufiufi r nr:r{ruer:6,ruro-,nrio + dru riruunr

naruxurrniuro.rduivfinriunuer rz rvirto.:dufifidr:ro lunr:oonuuriririluq d'{d

14,400 6u tu.'

132 nfl. / il.'g.tl niru I r1u

300 ryu.ldu

o.o3l nir I ryu.--_o-! j i- j Iil:oulfiunflofi?1uu'l.ilnauvrnn I tu (4ryu.) o.l2 niU lfru

4. r,urnfl ?riln{r.r ncio.rd'nisfis

1ulnfl?1lrn{xtolndotd'niufrryriruun01n nrrun{r.rfiunao.rei,rrirgrlfinrfiolnr.:uryjajjnlumtdn mqnrilau 0.50 rlJgt:

- drufunluu'trnrr-,udu? r sil. nrrrunirrrird'srdoru.,urfio? 50 slJ. n:ounqudufi50 nr:rrrryufitilsr: n^orflu,iruru6'udrj6rir 5axt.44 du :n tu

39

- doruuu{u I :ou duilfitqnd'n tt ofut,iruruuuui tz uor) finrfludrueufiuirfirqn

ila=t2x72 : s64 fiuJ9

asdsa- slrisrlsqRfln I su urr 4 ryu. urin o.tz n:-u d'.rriudonururfioauryu l :o1r osldduirfiry

rrin:ru:864 x o.tz = tol.os nfitq'r'y- oonuuuhidomurrrqu 120:oilieurfi rfiolfldivfivfiqnnlnrurn 4 ryu. rfi'.rriu ,ilruau

s a j s I a d ht?slIryn0nnnno?u'tll fi 1 tno1n$

. Q** 103.68 x l2o

60

= 207.36 nfuliurfizi qtqYo - d.t- lilo tH terl1u?u?silTluosr:r 950 n:u/?urr Fr{ruu n'nuul?floiltiu'tutnu?asng mrlnrtn

207.36

4.58 ryil.j

- oonuuufiulutfiu?u-l? 5 ryru.

s: nr : riru-l cu rir fi'.r.r rudlflunr : fiqirfi u

lunr:oonulrL'ldfior:arrur{fildlunr:6qoou:rnirfiyuasu:.rdu1#irfiyrrn 6{rfio._t+_._..3. u I -4-d-q,qyy q a a t 4 dqtr a jo,rriSuutfruuriurtdr tt:ln{frr4rhiduisfrsfl'rnuurnn?tu:{n{0ou:tn t{ tsntrr:{ln{lvtvrr l#dus d 4 e o " ll?illlYl,1fitljU10n1ilU9l lUnl:OOnttilUfl:{u

I a j o o rrs A 9dlr:rdlglqsrfrr4r}iivrTmta I eiu 4.ss fiidu#u

o I i ds d0]u?ustu?10y0nfl{ tauiluliltnu?ul? 5 ryu.I

' 5 x77 360 duad4nnrilurr:.:el.ture 360 x 4.59 t6s2-4 fi a 6'u.itt^arlu?u:oljyltfilJtsdljfll5}tryuaofiu1lJ 120 :oiliaulyt

A q u v A 4 d -:nl:nnrt'.t tunl:9t9t?slts rJnannl:9t{u

l. uurrtfior n2tilur? 5.uu. fifiufifi,i'uuiainfinrirrvirfiu n?'rrn{1{roldouuru 0.50 rr.t)

dqriufiufifiuutilfrleidisr{y s "so

: 250 ryu.2

9ea;-2. truruduiryfrrfiotgneier : 25A x 1.44: fOO du

3. u:{1unr:6{1#trnr{od'uiryfiv = +.ss firdu d'uriuu:.rd.rvi.ruusrfido.rldcio 360 dil

ryil.

40

F 360 x 4.59

t6sz.+ fitduS A t @ 4 4 qy .l - -

t )l n tl o o'i t irfr vn u Q n 6 { 1 fi t r n t fi o il u r ru rfi o r u r ru rir 1rl fi n rfi'r fi du irfi y o s l r n I sr u l #

1ufierd'qtrq d'rovl#u:.rrdourloun'ird usiur.rd'uosvrerrilr'rsu:.r6.r lnufiu:rfisrrordrulufioy I d d qtnunlufl ullJrnu?9t,t lfi 1'19

ei qY do s q . qgt', @ atfrolf nt:oonrtrLuilririi'rurnuolunr:vir}i6uiryfiytrn 61l#riru:.r6{1#1rrn (Tensile

Shear SrengttD lunr:oonuulr---..---d v quq a e u a q9nrn{?1 9lo.t ts tu n1: n{nq ?s}iyl?tfl 19t

Pr F-r.2.n.n

p, 6e rirdwruluni:dl6'flisn^s}i'ilm tfilaisrrflp fro rr:.:6.r1#si'uiryyroyqJlo (firsr''u)

4 s.d 9 u J I 4 Ir fl 0 : fllJnl: u uu10,:oofiururq0t nguunoxtro.tdor ryuil.rrJaruuurr:: 0.tO ru.

n fio druru:outo':nrt?r{udonurrufirirtriirfivgnifi'erflufiurf;n 1rurerj

rnACI 4 cnu. 2:orL/iurfi

Pr

2.08 Kw.

5.4 R'r:ooRuuurirff.rro.rviogorndo.rfiorrfiuirfir

ln uldfi d'n n,, nu u,odu.r ouril."'

drarrrurorroio.rqurir p2 reH

rfio p2 fio drd'rrrurorrnfo.rqrrir tfilnina{l

a 6o ti'or:rnr:{urir (u.,iiurfi)

H fio orlrqurrulunlrquunri,r1u.;

, 6o rirnrin'irrnrstorcruruer:rndr.rririrfir nasorrflrgsfiufin

rJu}Jd.ru (u.'liurfil

lu n r : oo n tr rL l ri o 4 o ivrt ryn aru tiu rir o n. r o s irfi sdr fi ri r o.g rrir r o o n. rh un y l dadoia@-9r1101:t'lJ.l:?lJn.:tquelufrorodetntu:rnirn-ryrjuurfi'urird'ru d'lriulunr:oonuuudqn'01:0r-l

&Aoonuuu rilurn?0.:gnlnauruar (Shrry pump) Jnoriiuunrfluuullnau{u (neavy slurry

characteristicl rrorfirir r: l.l5 ryirrortit

4l

- R]:rilU?Ort09tt?ul,o{R]:qu, H

H tandfin (static hea$ + raodrfiflorfln?tuiln{ocio (dynamic head))a ; d I r j.

: cusrrnfl=rdrorilaronxoon?ioen + raqfi rfinrrnnrruflnluyt o+ r gqnl n10.1 0 + tEftyt yt'l{t{'ltrayrql{oo n

o.5o + l rL.Yl*Kf:fL" Dzs 2s)

o.oso u.'liurfifiruundn:rnr:4urir, q

nrrrtflnluvio

L

f

9 9tJ- vrorTUul 1u]9tldur{1fluuna1.: , D

dd9qht11U?1fi U t9l9l f't1: tfi a10.1110

dhorn?'lut:?10.:n1: tfid [uyto, v

fl1 Reynold's Number

0.15

rDz

lJ.

u.2

,(o.rs)z4

0.0177

aA0.086

0.0177

4.86

Y-P

u.liurfi

2r4.86 x 0.15

1.007 x l0-6

72 x 105

.LV21--t' D' 2rn?lrJUl?YloQo = 2 lJ.

ruroo/tri r du rJ : s d vr r n r r ufl n lu vio *r f; n o r n Moody Diagram drm iu ri I

:0.01

2 4.8920.01 x x

0.15 2 x 9.81

0.16 lJ-

42

- ,ru,duuo',n{oro = ,( .Y1\'1" zn I\ "./,>

2(0.5) x 4'89'2x9.81

1.22

io @ d , KV2- r89rvttfl 9t0'rfl fl a{{'lildilduvtl{r11l12g

4.8g2l.0x _2 x 9.81

= 1.22

i- @ a v2- [E9tm[ne0]n1{n{{1udil[duytl{00n 0.5.)o

4.892: 1.02x9.81

0.61

-za{uu rans?il1J0{nt:q1j : 0.50 +[1.22+ 1.22 + 0.61] : 3.71 U.

- Ay q9q ' I s u a

ila{meto{ ti| tunl: 9t9td?ur.ldlJillnilivfl v (Pr)

P2 rQH kw.

I 000

l.l5(1,000x 9.81)x 0.086x 3.Zl

1,000

3.6 kW.,

- j9 q d uy @ jqgq a v u 4o{uuv{a{{'lu:?tJ119lo{fi1: tufll:nfl ttavflgl?s?{Tlj1t9t0tnt\la{{luytlflunt:o{nnasyt-s---.y....e, iqyq e d y i t y Ad a: ? il nuil a.: { 1 u u yl tT tu n 1 : Qet x$fl $il a { 0 1 nn n tta ?lJu dn y n5 ryt tnu uut5o

P Pr+P2

2.08 + 3.6

5.68 kW.

- lunr:oonurlfinrJ:sfiminrntolrn$o.rtrud zox

d'{dund'wrufidosnr: 5'68

0.7

8.ll kw.

- fiorflurr:.rrh lo.8r u:rfir

lunr:oonnuul# = 13 u:.i#l

43

55 Rl:oonttuulilvrio @esign of Pontoons)

j- j - d o a e ra-y:---q- l- , 4rl a i o J.tuo { 0 1 nlfl to {nn tnil a fl rivn ol rl f, I n qrulud ril o r rilu6o l6nri',r uurio fr I lu nr :a e o I - J ia e u o loonrrullrioeio{n--01:il1dtilunyt.:fiilnfr15odosrrunril i?ilo{utnunro.rlflsro{d?u

It Adttq4ulfi unu:tvtnuut: 0 ud?uljtsn0il 9t{1-lt

d v c v A t 9 r u -:l. tfltoitgtotnu?ulty 1j53nou9t?u 4 d?uilan o{urdll.l nao{rRU:tQAreA

1.2 RAO.:fl nfltl traynoggl?$yissdsr@r

1.3 tn:{ril an:ilnao{gtftrlny?loe9tAe

1.4 rn:o.1uustruuryurtastlytu:o{tu'o-A-dua

: ?il lfl lt lyutfi uRtn: o.l9lotRU? g ?,{ u

ar'2. t:oltdycl?uil:ynoil

!a2.1 :?rHnnnilnn

,A Ad

2.2 fluoauruuug

- s a ugt" i23 tn:{lHan[lau tuli111uA ta 9 o u a

2.4 rn:o{uunttoil50lt llnnmxrdo)

z.s rirnrTnro.rd'elfl yb'fulofnara z ]fl s

nrinlflsac 60 nn.)

z.o. rirNrinflsniuurio,

z.t i"rutioi"nfi ryfi rfi r uu sr v n flrlu rf o

r? xJrfl ?t'tylitnrTnriouoydr uil: y nou

. - A -u 4 w 4 I - o:?n[8fi1V1{1fiUntnS0{919ilnU?uwuuayrlrnr]nrio =

20

50

60

30

160

Rn.

nn.

nn.

Rn.

Rn.

20

30

100

50

nn.

nn.

nn.

Rn.

t2a

10 nn.

150 nn

480

640

nn.

nn.

Rn.

'Jr. rirnrinfi rfinornu:qd{iyfirs ttaua A e4. Ull,r Ufl H1J01J9I.:1U1JUI:O2 fiUH Unnuds g0 nn.

I

5 lXrq il1yri1m fin o: u urio

eevvovu!s.tttvi,o.tuu l{l}tt{Ryt{fi ilqil tilyovgtortiluniuf{fi ilgt

l7a . nn.

160 nn.

330

f)fl.

44

nt:ooRttlJllJflsllhuofnara ldoonuuurflug:Jn:sfl?r, R?tuu-l? 400 ryu. do.rIflsrflu1J , . J t 9 r i.y .. , , iIiln:{?{nail tduH'lfluunal{ 40 .ru. non?ud?uvtd51{[u?n:{cioornciruni{r{nnu d{ 30 cril.a a, 6'-

rir}{ldnrug.rlflrr{.rr.rrLn s0 ryu. nrgludowo.:Iilcruj{durflurio.r1 rdonrrrurjaonfr'rrorni r sq J ! "tu"to , .,AL , !.nl:0ulitfitnilt{ri?uflo{Iilsfr rv{:'lsri'nvrdrldrfioiprfiirrrirriu lilcflnr.Jruuafivrdrur$^iu

'llhrofnnra rJiurn:torlil;firholunrraoudrfi

"L!;utilntinld

rJ:slril 800 nn. d'.1

:ruaitduq lunr:dru:arHrturadtilurvdiliro{Ifl)#oluur:1{fi 5.4 uaynr?{d s.2,s.3,s.4<dda

lprrru: rcJnyro ufl lu nr: il: snoufi rrpir riorfi r irfi rrir,,an{lunrilfi s.5 uar 5.6

;rJdrururo{ilylilruofnnra

ffiTlsoY

pJdru{r.r t o qilyldruoin a r a

nryrfi s.z Rrilcrfi nrrurto,rlfl ;'lyfurofnara

10 10*uretl+--#tMWlr*t&ittrt$ffi,ti\\wviiV:!;tst

40

45

nril?l 5.3

er:r{fi 5. I nr: dru?iu il rrulqfi lfi ilrsfl uro.r Jfl s'lyhrofnnra

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.554

0.673

0.798

1.070

1.374

0.70

0.60

0.50

0.40

030

0.20

0.10

0.00 IIII_-_T-------f_-

0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1200 1.400

Gur":rmudriroio r rju (ail.il.)

(GG@

FF

>rc

il

;

l

:

9ttn?1}Jn?t.l4u

'lylrroinara

W, (tJ.)

rj?rurn:Jflyurrufit:r

(a1.ru.)

nrr rfi s.+ naru#ur{uf,roqn'rrrun{x{u'lyfu uofnarariurjiruiur: unufi rir

l. tt-to J

I]r

T

30

-i0l5l530

30

-; -roK- I tirl+0 ,.;diaeedlfl:':iH onillnnu[: 0 e5 tlF]rurx Rnalfl1u

_4- +. t9t ut9o ' a d11Ul: OU9t?U tUO9[rn3 ur^luo6nruur.t

---.1- -s a i a 9 e dnlilfr 5.5 In:stu fi narnfrutSo afr{d:urildRqrnru-le soxso .rJ6'rubidnrras uniuoqn^rfi 0ru

47

: x rvr :-u irL iyrim r n vio q n r ra y sr c n ir r-u irfi ydru fir u6o

ruuuuilaurforfilirfiry

FI

iro-rI

tz_

::< .

ls0V

uu r d'ru rlr.rrf orfi uiryfi ry

ntnfi s'o ntrarfiorforfiuirfivrirfrfinsi.rrnio.:d'erfiuirfiry ,,o, ,oduouueir^riorur.lfrrio.rru

48

5.6 nlrriril?nrriri'wrulunr:fiurio

rird'.rfil#lunr:dUrnfiourio'ld'orndrdru:rdruro.rrfo d.ruri.:oonrflu z eiaurdn 6st. u:{druornrir rJ:ynoudru

I. u: lrfiunnrunuorirriu,iu (frictionat resistance, Rr)^ -.--y e i .i '2 - t[: {AlUrUO.rOrnrirn: crfr o u?r {u?u uasnfiu (residuary resistance, Q.r- o!. d arun:0luntHunnrrrur5ra.:qnro.rr;o(v) l0 nil./yu.-3n{UU Rr JSv.

^Aioara.S : lrllYtFt?nlunro,:rio (u.,)

:((ZZtl1*o.a,, + 2* 0.1)*4.9

: 4.91 N2

V : n?rilr$ato.:rfo (r?0fl), t r?osr :1.82s nil./su.: t0/I.825

: 5.48 r?osr

n : 1.825

f : 0.417 + 0.773/(4.0+2.562)

: 0.563

Rr : 2* 0.563*4.91*5.4gr.825 (fiq,ilruru z lfls )123.28 fir6'u

n : d rio n : r, ri r #r *:.r rd ua n r u r y fi .i r.*$ o fiu rir n'n rJ : v r r s 75 % r o { u : r eTl urr:rd'rurioornrir : D3.28/0.7.5 u-rd,u

ts4.3j firri'uz. rr:.rqo6.rirfiu

rr:{lunr:pr'.r}{rrosiod'uivfiry = 4.59 u^rd'u d'.:riu,,:o6uri.rnrunfi6,o.rl#sio zao6uF 360 x 4.59 u^?siu

, : 1652.4 fird'u

dqrfu u:.r:rudrurfovi.rniln, R, : ur.rdru 1rnri1 *,,, oq"d.:isfig

t54.37+t652.4 u-ld,u

1806.77 fit6.uovOvdntnw'tulunr:{utio power,p = &"V

. : 1806.77*10*1000i3600 /1000 kw.

.r^^ -4- tu Iroontnroituuri{urio xuta 9.0 t':.rr?t lunt:furio

49

s.7 Rliyrnoo.rrlfr ffi.nuriorduftfirrir

ud'qornil:vnoufineittniolti'srtfilisfivuurfoudrraio 'ldrirnr:vrooo.rrJ6rio'*ud,qrfiil

err:'ru rrnsdrJfirir lurioriruoslu:rrmoraoun'u"r.odurnrruniouunsur?nilnil:'oq rfior4r

nr:rJ:-lrJq'r riourlflrin^'rrulunaoqtasvrr'rrirrarl:yynildn1iloir rrnnr:meaowil.jrl . tf o a r l r : o s't"'er r fi u irr,r' ryrJ : v t n n c r u d r a u r { n : s : o n ldl n u du t o r irfi vfi g n d'rr r r na,i

rilufiuturntq60 urril:slrtal 4 ryu. uasfl nnndurfi ulusrrnirfi fio#{lir{rorio^4dd2- rioilefru:nrwlunr::Jflrifi.rrulunarrJfl:io^,:ru finurJ6:io^.rruuuriootjrsdo0 z

nu [sililnr:rfiu : nu fionuriurio t nu uasnun?uquniosrirrirfis t nu3. nr:rfi'q{ry1tv6il4d1 6'ririfi:J:vfintnru rdo.rornrfienr:r{u:o:rrnurnurudu.l

-!- J a 9 t @ a . eu o 0 n t { o s u f u r { 6i r u iufr rg n nler r re r rn s o no o fi u {n ; n ir r u rio

4. n?1ilcrr:J'ltrliunr:n'errfiuivfiv rirurruornd'n:rnr:firliuro.rrnford'n rprao.:1u

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