na INMWU ue~~ikqfl 'd (Curriculum) d pro,

I ~np"nqm-~lr~ ~ S u n ~ o n n ~ i l ~ u n ~ l u ? ~ n i s d n ~ i &qnnnlu?crmsdnviLlwz 949 p r n uon?tnirdnln lmuylnuu1uuo~n~nqaslYnwinnw1u1muoi~ndia~~iunu1u

uotn~nnfir!86d

1. ngnqas n'o siu?a1~3aldawi?ai$duu (Curriculum as Subjects and Subject

Matter)

d prcc 2. n~nqa.r n'o pnnuiunyuuuiqussq (Curriculum as Objectives)

3. wringas n'o uwudiniutmlonianis~uuf cr5adrzaumsdninn;qllfi

C ~ I ~ U U (Curriculum as Plans)

4. ngnqms n'o d~zaunisd~qda.ruaq$duudtm1mu1scrduu (curriculum as

Learners' Experiences) d w pro, prrc

5. ngnqas n ' ~ ~on~sumamsffntnwom~~nu~~suu (Curriculum as

Educational Activities) B a ' '44

1. 'l45fliJpl3 $8 3 1 U ~ ~ l ~ ~ 8 6 ~ 8 ~ 1 7 ~ 1 ~ 6 3 U W (Curriculum as Subjects

and Subject Matter) K cl

nhgazlun?iunuiuu~dunisuo~~in~nqas n'o nui.ain5o~&mi 9 994 A k~a3uulalngauulusz~unisdnp1isz~uldsz6plnu"~nioaiviiailm?.ainu~ ibu

uorwiinqardsznudn~i w . ~ . 2521 (nGudfudlcr w.R.2533) ji~durdonii.ai$$u?

tiplnrjuvinv: (niu-~lnu~lwznru^auiafii) nrjuprfi.rlaiudszaunisd3ia ntjuaflq

1a5ugn~ruru"Zu nrjumsciuuwrdugiu~ih ~lnznrjudszaurnrdw"~~~~ dugu

d oru 1

2. H k p S Zf3 ~ A ~ ~ l l r n ~ l ' l B ( I ~ 4 ~ 5 S ~ (Curriculum as Objectives)

a i a i ~ n a i i l l a z n ~ ~ z (Lavatelli and others, 1972, 1-2) lfltii l d u ~ u o a m r d u u l l a z i

d B drznuniroidiniu~~n~~l~~duuai~~~~u1$~w'olX~~nurr~~~~~nui~uo~nis8nui Y B d aoiut?u (Johnson, 1970-1971, 25) l ~ u u ' ~ n i % 8 n ~ i ~ n ~ ~ ~ 9 ~ ~ & C ~ # ~ a i ~ ~ ~ i ~

lo , 4 8 1 6 1 ~ ? 4 ~ l n ( I f l l % ~ (Curriculum as Plans)

uu-Gimuot mu1 (Taba, 1962,10-11) d n i n ~ U i wa"ningmr n'o uuunirduufidsznou

uaznisdszlGu wa

qimr qtuwi (2523, 2) ndni i wgnqas wuiun"c Tnstnis'lWnir

inln;wdsimui{~uulXinaiuf naiuaiu~m uazqol:nvolzaomndotn"unaiu

~ t ~ ~ l u M 1 ~ 1 3 ~ n ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ f

nsuiaioir nrzns?tinviimo (2521, 1) ndiaii w~ningmswuiuk

~oYoriinunii~aup~wuiu innwit i~f l isuazdwiaisz 'lumrhnisduunisaoulu 9 94 Iscduu iwdohyauuCn?iuj nqiuaiuisn %mi? un~wqftnsruaiu~Kiwu~9u

pmrj~nuiuuotmrinln B pl i i s t GanS (2531, 6) ZX1#naiuwuiuuo'ma"ningmsii iig ilwuatlm

2 ri oanuuutjiiuulwouamt~tpnwui~ msoki!owiaisz n^anrsu~~~zuaadrza'~flisd V p l d luuiazTdrllnsunis#nvi d o ~ w ~ ~ s u u ~ ~ w u i n i s ~ u ~ i u i i t 7 ~ U ~ R H U ~ U ~ I P :

AlwumZa"

4. we"nqm3 slaa dsraum*d$qd~~uer$3~10d<~(;1b(;1~1bsq~~10d

(Curriculum as Learners' Experiences)

naiuwuiuvotwdningarlun'nvolzdszaun~roiktdatvot~~uu~ p,dV p l - A' TrtduuClwu k~omuulurruzln# q riunaiuwuiuuotwzin~msIua"n~filbrsiu3~1

W%ldDMlai3:: lmma uaz mu%ua (Caswell, H.L. & Campbell, D.S., 1935, 69) 18 uouiuuu?naiun'muotna"nQasIua"nvfilbzud ainnirkmm~wuiin~saou~10d"u~dowi

~ri"l~i~~~uu!Xidszaunaiudi~f llnalaa LIB^ ~nu%'~a !~LHUOLIU?~?IU;~

2' B a 9 i~uan"uiuclhgaru'lun~qdo Curriculum Development ~ ~ R w u ~ ~ u ? ? n.H. 1935 I ~ u l l Y

naiunuiuuotaa"ngarlu1r~duu4i $uniingardJr:nou&au~rsnunitdqnorii~$

bh!i~diin Tf iuo~lunaiuguauasnisa~uu~~n~ ~~lur:asdoui'l#i~od'~dow^uw" at' nuuws'nmaidu'l~naiuwuiuu~~~a"ngar~ua"n~~~dsu hnir8nln$ii~ua~fiI'nuan"u

naiunuiuuoqna"ngRsi1 t~uJssnunir~iM"JJa~uo~~duu$~fitfiuts~duu i#ud w r l d u naauazi%auri (Neagley and Evans, 1967, 2) i f l l Y n a ~ i u n u i u u ~ ~

p l w r l ntingfisii niingas n"o JrsnumsoiCI1r~drmkiw'o~aulnun~ruul#usr~idinuiud

Kinufi~a"B1iunaiuaiuirnuo~od'nduu 9

aZIia8i (Wheeler, 1974, 11) ~ f i # n a i ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ a " n ~ ~ 1 ~ i i i9u

~rsnuoir~inirduuf~~1r~duu~~o~niu~np1i~fil~ii~~duu

Tnriiiaslnri (crow & crow, 1980,250) ~ f l ~ n a i u n u i u ~ o ~ ~ a " n g a r =?' d d w d 'luiinuarguiidn$ianiiuoq"aataoi iuindiaii na"ngariflu Jrsnunir~dwuniruulX

~u~~niuluuasniuuonuot"i~i?uuiw'olfiu'nc?uuinirflwuid;ius'icniu n'qna

ilqqi u a s f 'la p l d d

luilapu'u u'nnir8nviuasqj~inuauYo~n"uwa"ngarlMlrYnaiudiFiql~o A'

naiunuiuuo~w8ngarI0d8np1~dsnir~fidrsa~1nirddi~ 1 urigEuuuinuu ynna d w

indidi~uiiii;nnasiX~unirfl~~~uiXiudi~ 7 ~&nnii .rniu iiala oiruar ormu iiar

ilqsyi nirduuni~aounarbl~au~~~aiuX~~nir~iasnai%~nul~~iiandi~n"uu~~ L1 w e 9 9 4

iinudasnu k i u n2~~naraeunroafin~nrrul~qjir~u~~nss~i~uin"fiJrsaunird d plo A'

rnriiuuf iiasimrutbuuirnr~'1iuw1finiwodfilY u^l~thnouaiuiuoninir~luriu

;ai dis q Ciw PIW V d

5. w%ngws $a l iorn~urntni~~nuiwo~~wnp~q~sp~od (Curriculum as

Educational Activities)

X n~iuwuiuuoswiinqmr~ua'nuuzu 'Iklti ladnoi ua:: ~UFI~~ZM (Shaver and Berlak, B

1968,9) r s nziiqii niinqmr n'a iionssu$n~&lps"CnduulX~iu~wdalps"Cnduu~5finir pr a &Juf sfud an: u'alaoi (Trump and Miller olan4lu ajm qnrlf i6, 2532, 12)

ni iq i i niYnqmr n'q iionsrunirduumraou'~~GmBii~ q $ ~ m ~ u l m i s l ' i uarClps"llri

Cnduulfiulrsduuniarzuulr~Cuu

a'nvru:~~o~~~dua~f .oa"n~~1~nl~:~~1"anv1

~inmr~d2/uuuda~na'n~mrdrzflua"n~li~w~~nri 2503 ~dunringPrsdr:ou-

inlny naGninsia 2521 ~a:ud~uuuda~~~uniYnqmrdrzou8nuindl~o~l~d~01J"~ i io

n6ngmrdr:nu~nviqw~~nri~ 2521 (nr iudfud~~ w.s. 2533) i u oiandiqliYii

iYnuol:lmu~~lduosna'nqm'sdrznuinui~~~Iioi?;m~u5~d~S1J"u iiiYninvarzn'iilt q c-rd I. 1dunir8nlnnd~.rlriu~'mui~nna1ugn 1 iYiu ikwi iau imsmt i i~mu

a A W A a onlo-oioud knuun:aZdqqi 1~a:~~uniri9nui~omuu~wodr:lu~pddl~n~~i1~~

v

~?PrihluJagGuua:ouinm

2. i n s B ~ u n ~ r t ~ u W m ~ u n ~ i u a u l ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ n F ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : J ~

3. m ~ d u u f l f i ~ n r : : u ~ u n 1 ~ ~ 1 6 ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ n l ~ ~ i n f ~ n ; f i ~ d d ~ d u ~1KUqrn prw pl

191.4 ~onnun'iilmnqiuf a ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ u f M ~ u ; ? t l p l u ~ a - r u i n n ~ i n d ~ : d ~ ~ l ~ u n ~ ~ w ' ~ - r ~ ~ d

4. 'L IMUl I IUO4f l~ I~u~~~'~~ouIIu~!I ~ ~ s L ~ ~ u ~ u M u I M Q I ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ R ~ ~ L ~ ~

gubnai-r (Teacher Centered) ldqnirduu~Zml~n~dugubnai~ (Child Centered)

5. ~r~duun~okd~u~aa"ou~ps"~wui:flu~uw"muini~gn 7 Miuuaadn ua:

~~lmuiznuliuamwuaq~oqdudu q

6. l~unirii.nundli!un@w: lps"~~nlM~uu"oiiuii i~onsrudi~ q

7. ~Guna'ndrz~i$d1;?tlpl~

1. nhgm~ huu y38lim$ (Integrated Curriculum)

2, niingmruuun^anrru nfodr-~umsd (Activity or Experience Curriculum)

1. w~ngflauuuyacuima (Integrated Curriculum)

2. wa'n~flalmuuiisnas'uwi~ds~auniad (Activity or Experience

Curriculum) e K prsd KJ

ao$u nao (John Dewey) 1~~~51ru~iiOgmrlluuuuu~nu~~u~aiu I

d d u a,ulouoc~~n~5uniinlumrPreunisa,ou o"oiioisZuu$iiRoindr~a,unira~1mui

ainmrn'ifianrruiic 7 ~~urnrduu$aindr:nunirdmr~ (Direct Experience) la:

duu$ainmm.ru"ons~n'i (Leaping by Doing) $ q ~ - ~ ~ d d ~ ~ n o u ~ ~ u u u o n f g o q ~ u u

(Outdoor Education)

Fn%safis d d w slsld w e ? uandrznunirrunan1n~~ruu~n"~nis~uuf ii 5 nq'u nau

A ,Y dB w i o 75 mu rariinual#niuar 20 ui% nauluoraul~&dioaliiinii 200 iu uaz

d P nuieinq iaaduuniua:: 20 uia nfiifIu$alu.aa: 3 niu

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n'n~r~:u"i?FJ

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50

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25

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1,500

450

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20

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750

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A d nssunkosn jurinvrl ii~nvolzi~unir~nw"nvzo~~iduin$a~3onirduuf nirtiios

~imhlubiiumrR'ndo4oair niriihAiua01 1ia~msiimaJ(i~arr6 maan~unirJi

naiu~tazdszaunisdGi'ldGuu 5zaunird&-1 q iiaz~~aa'~winaiufmiu~

~Guub.rmr

n ~ r t n ' n v : C i f i w ~ n ~ ~ ~ i ~ n i a ~ a v ~ a ~ ~ 1 1 w a

w ringmrdozoun"nvi~imun~~nivi!wui~uim$o~3~nirderufiiri~~uu

ua~nirii~1'ldl~drzTu~fd'lui3~mdrz8ia"u ibu mrtndoioais niriiuuflun j u

ds%aunir&i~ q niruaacwinaiuf naiuna'nna'u nnzrnrdrrnauolGw mr

iiuumsaoum~ilndt2naiuii~~iiri~duu

w"nu-~!ii8u'lumraounivil~u l&iri nirns-&1&tifin'n mr14

n'imu nirtdidoc mrurruiu aiuiu uaatnaiuEmiu mridiu^niu idqiiniu

qdnaiu 1Anuua-naq / nirum.runuiaau$ nirui~njur-munaiuFin mr

~un%nul(nna uazmsci~ciuniu &.4u u 4sr plaiuojma~wm~~rn3!#1~an"u~3av

n i v i l n u i i n a i u ~ m ~ ~ ~ ' l u ~ i u ~ ~ i ~ u n i v i d r ~ 6 i ~ i i ~flum$o.riio'lu

mr indo~oaaua~iduurmn~19a'mu%rbu~~9~1~ n~riiuummoumui?wu~aIG

jliuuiifimummsnianiui~~Iu~iunirY~ yn diu un-~iiuu miunarliriiu l iu a 4 . 4

qruriivotmui aiuisn"li3uinroquoaona1ufim naiutu'i'lo r'nrnrdiu i lnacwi 4 9

naiuf iia-iiiwqwa oqmotdQnil.r~X~qmgnvfildz~qio~dd

I.' 2w"nvr"lurnrYa vyn diuuazituu 1neinaiufna~uif;lo

wgn1n014gu du&Iiuvo~nisduunivi 94 4 n

2. a i u ~ r n ~ ~ n i u i ~ ' n i o d o a i r iqnir~'u~iiaztiiunonna1u~anuilnm

I

n~urr5i~miud~~rrum d l Y tflunrjunaifiaun q lunisAiscG5muo~knu0~o$uu" nic

d w 2 #iuqufiiwouih n~iu~uw"uiszw<l~u~~lunua~~1af id8~ mslgo-a fisdnnsot

wrzynssiaui wiinnss~iiiaou imusrru uuuarruliiuudrzlwGlwu maiu 4 B &iuiuodszlnulurz6u~~fiim~1az~an 'ineiuiamilla:~nnlu~au wqfiaiufiiilc q ,

I d s A t l w a i u a::t9u~wvauu~il~wiuoc9?n~1a~~q~1u 1dol#nu3naiul9uoil~aznisiirq 4s dd vamnm

~~otuo~wszynsrriawi~iwuw~#duuy~sdsza"~ wiinarrudiaou

qnsm9n dszlw Guot any ns uazdqdiq 7 ~kua~otriuynauiaui iiw?'u'u$nc a d wn'nsssuiiiaouuo~wrzy~suiui ~wa iuao . r~aoando~n"uu~usrs~ j~un~u

POI B afi~~a~ua'nu~dzuauw~aiuira~i~d~fin"an~runisduu~#~foun'u~# w A Y vrr w V d

~ l ~ i u ~ ~ P s a . m ~ s ~ n i ~ I P s ~ n ~ 1 n u ~ ~ ~ p 1 ~ d d s

n i ~ i f i w i i n ~ m s n q ' u ~ ~ i ~ l ~ ? u d s z a u m s o c ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ i f i l ~ u u a a d Y p l d d w de. dssaunisPiwug[iu~~i~flu u a z r n u i s a m o ~ n b y ~ r u u ~ ~ i 1 ~ ~ n u a n p 1 w a m m ~ ~ ~ ~ d i l a

srsuvi~$o jaam8o;ollmulqnit~nu i w u i u i m z l l a dunaiu,iruwiri

idoulucszwiiqnuloq~~azaq~iafidou 3naiuRfi atilqlqli diu'uu airnrniirtG5a ,

u6dqlm $mu1 11azd?'ud-qq;5mnuo n ~ ~ u f i ~ a ~ ~ a r ~ ~ l l a f i d o 0 ~ ~ 0 , f i w u i u ~ u

?on%aplafis d 91 onssuw~uunaiuisz~~uu~od'u w'ouui 910 d quniwniu uaz"lunaiSuu ~iwunl#Smr~n~iio-~umsui~ y~niain yuiiwq

Jszluvu' ~nu~a"aniianrsuln~ans~u~U"aluiianssukn~;n I n~orm.r.ai~raanmw~ipd~i9~ ,

d r i r V Y c r d e w dun ju Jszaunisrunyaln y~suudi.nulilu uuau?nnisriiaiuuaz

fiYnJI'Yd~aaiung'~aua kwunl~~uu~aaiuf ia~p. I~~azaiu la"an aiufiah iio aiu

lj;u~~azaiu~~u~s dmaiula"on 'IRlri ciudrz~u~liazaiu4ian"uaiuo"u q a, civ na iu~ .a~a .a~~~ .am. r~o l "~3~n"~1~~~1~d

Y Y d mrhmriiuumraouluniudrzaunirdw"iau daniqlncjiouu1b;;i

naiuf naiui$i1Q i~fiflR' h v z urizmrhmrmiunaiuaul~ naiuncin un:n?iu A 4' iYo:o;mmrvosrjiiuunio~"oqdu ous ~ i i i i w r d ~ ~ ~ ~ n i ~ d a z l i u u ~ o ~ u s z ~ u ~ ~ ~ v u oia

dl' iiionliuuiaioiSwdPnuan"unir$iir~~?o1idoiSuwuBiulunirdrznouoiSwdo1d n i o

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2 4' 4 do, inaiuf;mzn'nuzmuuu nioidon~uu?aid~lu~"q1idoui4iIa nrou~nvz'lrjiiuqwo

qanivifi uas

Guflnvi mun?~~azuig?aO n"9nssuns'i~u"sr'u

- Id%

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T Z U ~ U ? ~ I

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- iivn5~~ioYo~Twx

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T w ~ z v

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qnG?a-nr nswi!

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a ; . 0 qD a. 0

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nisaouInuiriunszuqums i o niraoudidu&moumiu~nuwzL~wiz p l w d Y O voqiazn judrzaunird ~nulwunaauidu~mnanrsuiwdolG~iimnir~uu~~o~ uaz

A d dad 0,

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n'n nozuqumr uiiil qwi nszuqumr nisinuimami ns~u~urnsllaa~wimiuf

nszuqumr2nCnuz nszuqunirkmo i~nrnrzuqumonju ldudiu a p l p l d nolwylruu\ki%nnu n~iulUila riiu uu qwassu aiarrsu

Cnuz ~lnmszuqumzdiq q Kandi? ~ 2 ~ l i ~ u # ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ q ~ n ~ ~ O J n 1 ~ ~ B ~ O J i l ~ ~ n i ~ 9 J Y d aou~n'lwy~ruuij~.a"uluni's~4 n'nvzn;rzuauni.~ lunirunmoonyn q Miu

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n r z u a u f l i r ~ n i 9 Cumou

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P P

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4. dszl5~alazi3onnis~3on Y

n w a 5. fiiwunliazbitiu<umoun~sd~um

a w n pl 6. 1l~uolnaun~iu4uru

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p l d J' 8. d?ud;~~lwnuuorjlauo

9. dzsl~uwas~ulAnl~ln"mnaiu~fi9a

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lw u isaumua"nvarzvo~pnd~za~~vo~ i~~azn~~ds~aun~rd~#

50 EE 353

vocw"ocbu sns

d d B d 9 d 9 A w ' u w ~ u ~ a c ~ d u m w ~ a u v a c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w a " c w i a ~ m w u i u d a i u i c (the ends) vbcienln

u ad

{at ms daurnrnaul~unz~u~uni~w~oa~ni* (the means) ddsznauhu~anrou r712 A P r Y d

~ u u ~ ~ ~ n z ~ d a w i i a i a c o : ~ " i ~ w ~ ~ ~ u u u ~ ~ ~ ~ m w u i u w i a ~ ~ ~ s z n c ~ m i u 1 w ~ n g ~ s ~ ~ ~ : ~

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nm df~umwsanisaau iguiu Jiwiingmsld"la ~wald~iinwnmsliuufmiu<nimwa"c

qUPms qtuins (2523) ndiai i n 1 ~ ~ 1 m i w i i n ~ m ~ l d 9 ~ 1 ~ 0 d n ~ z u a u n i s ~ i 1 9 ~ rn w 9

wa'ngmsnaiul3urnndgupl rno~~w~ngmo'ld~~sau~cn"~nssuwaiu 7 odic

94 BI ~mnuunkoini(~hsaau~~a:ds:~o~"uwa~~da &rich-huna"u (feed back) ui&~