NANO MEDICINE : PROMISE OF THE FUTURE IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT

Co-ordinator : Mrs. Pavani , M.pharmAuthor : Srinivas Dinakar.N

Introduction o Nano medicine is the medical use of molecular

sized particles to deliver drugs, of heat, light or other substances to specific cells in the human body

o The applications of nano medicine in the fields of cancer therapy, disease diagnosing, drug delivery etc makes up just the tip of the ice berg of what nano medicine is going to offer us

Scopes in disease management

Every thing is made so simple through nano medicine First cancer cells that may have transformed in to tumor poise to kill us can be destroyed Broken parts if cells can be removed or replaced with miniature biological machines Life saving drugs can be delivered with assistance of miniature nano pumps

Applications of nano medicine

Nanostructure implants in drug delivery ,nanostructure scaffolds for tissue engineering Nanostructure for cell expansion Disease diagnosing by targeted nano particles Nanoparticle for efficient ,highly sensitive, and high throughput bio assays Improve efficacy, reduction in dose and side effects

Medical nano robots Nano robots can patrol our body and fight any foreign body that is likely to infect Medical nano devices injected which would go to work in specific organ or tissue mass These are for parentral,oral,ocular, transdermal applications as well as used in cosmetics and hair care technologies Typical size of blood born nano robot will be 0.5 - 3µ carbon would be primary element used to build They are of greater importance in easy and accurate correction of genetic defects

Nano particles

• Nano spheres and nano capsules, that can be either amorphous or crystalline • They are specifically designed to absorb or encapsulate a drug, thereby protecting it against chemical and enzymatic degradation• For targeting particular organs/tissues and also as carriers of DNA in gene therapy, to deliver proteins, peptides and genes by oral route.

Nano particle delivery systemsIt focuses in the production of nanoscale particles or molecules to enhance the bioavailability of a drugIt also focuses on maximizing bioavailability and for prolonged period of timeThe advantage is that cells can take up the nano

particles because of their incredibly small size ,avoidance of macrophage clearence,long resistant times

Applications in cancer therapy Novel nano medical anticancer therapies with much lesser pain and side effects are becoming ultimate solutions Small size empowers them properties that can be very useful in oncology , particularly in imaging This implies that use of fluorescent quantum dots could produce a higher contrast image Specialty is the higher surface area to volume ratio empowers a large number of functional groups to attach a single nano particle which bind to targeted tumor cells

Novel cancer treatment methods

o Kanizus radio frequency therapy is promising cancer treatment method The method has potential to replace radiation and chemotherapy used todayo Nanoparticles attach to cancer cells and cooks the tumors literally with help of radio frequency waves that heat only the nanoparticle attached tumor cellso Destruction of cancer tumors in mice with the help of

120nm diameter nanoshells coated with gold was done

Nanoshells can be targeted to bond to cancer tumor cells by conjugating antibodies or peptides to the surface of nanoshell An anticancer nanocrystal was created which has an outer shell that encloses yolk consisting two metals gold and platinum responsible for activity of widely acclaimed anticancer drug Cisplatin was used Nanostructures can be coated with antibodies that can specifically target cancerous tissues

NanovaccinesNanovaccines are created which in reality specialized nanoemulsions made up of tiny Soya bean oil droplets suspended in water and studded with bits of pathogenic organisms These can be ingested by swabbing in to the nose Since they are swabbed they produce immunity not only in the blood stream but also in mucous lining making them relevant for varied diseases They have potential to change small pox vaccination process

Nanotoxicology

Silver nanoparticles which are bacteriostatic , may then destroy beneficial bacteria which are important for breaking down organic matter in waste treatment plants or farms Nature nanomedicine suggests some forms of carbon nanotubes could be as harmful as asbestos if inhaled in sufficient quantities

Future in disease management The approaches to nanomedicine range from the medical use of

nanomaterials to nanoelectronic biosensors and even possible and even future applications of molecular nanotechnology

Conclusion

Nanomedicine is been put to the maximum use and benefits reach every sections of the society thereby alleviating the pains of millions of people around the world.