my virka final project
TRANSCRIPT
PROJECT REPORT
ON
EMPLOYEES HEALTH AND SAFETY
AT VERKA MILK PLANT
SUBMITTED BY:-
Amritpal Singh
UNIV. ROLL NO. 7048240357
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF
BACHLER IN BUSINESS AMINISTRATION
SUBMITTED TO
GUJARNWALA GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY
AFFILIATED TO
PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, JALANDHAR
May - 2010
CERTIFICATE
It is to certify that Mr. Amritpal Singh University Roll No.
7048240357 of BBA –VI semester has done a project on STUDY
OF EMPLOYEES HEALTH & SAFETY at “VERKA MILK
PLANT” LTD.
Under my guidance.
Date_______ ________________ Mrs. Shallu Sood
Declaration
I am Amritpal Singh here by declare the project report entitled
Study Employees Health and Safety at “Verka Milk Plant Ltd.”
has been carried out and submitted to the PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY by me.
I undertake responsibility for the contents of this report.
Date__________ (Amritpal Singh)
………………
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A big task of under taking such as project is not singly
possible. Indeed the project could not have taken its present shape, but
for wholesome inducement, sense of accommodation and purposive
guidance. I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and
indebtedness to worthy Mrs. Shallu Sood G.G.N.I.M.T. Ludhiana for
their guidance and help during the project. I have carried through the
sweet touches of the experience of vision and filed of research. My thanks are also to all respondents in “Verka Milk Plant
Ltd” for their co-operation assistance in completing my project report.
Without them this report could not have taken its place.
Amritpal Singh
PREFACE
In order to achieve practical knowledge, the classroom knowledge
of the situation, existing outside the classroom. The theoretical
knowledge is useless without practical. In my project report I
conduct a survey of 50 employees from this plant. It was a
great experience to deal with various aspects of industries.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Name Topic Name Page No.
1. Company profile 1 -24
2. Introduction to the project 25 -51
3. Objective of study 52
4. Research methodology 53 -54
5. Data analysis and interpretation 55 -68
6. Findings 69
7. Limitation of study 70
8. Suggestions 71
9. Bibliography 72
10. Annexure 73 -75
CHAPTER – 1
VERKA MILK PLANT PROFILE
HISTORY
Milking has its advent in the very evolution of placental mammals. While the
exact time of its appearance
not known, the immediate
ancestors of modern
mammals were much like
monotremes including the
platypus. Such animals
today produce a milk-like
substance from glands on
the surface of their skin, but
without the nipple, for their
offspring to drink after
hatching from their eggs.
Likewise, marsupials, the closest cousin to placental mammals, produce a milk-
like substance from a teat-like organ in their pouches. The earliest immediate
ancestor of placental mammals known seems to be eomaia, a small creature
superficially resembling rodents that is thought to have lived 125 million years
ago, during the Cretaceous era. It almost certainly produced what would be
considered milk, in the same way as modern placental mammals.
Animal milk is first known to have been used as human food at the beginning of
animal domestication. Cow milk was first used as human food in the Middle
East Goats and sheep are ruminants: mammals adapted to survive on a diet of
dry grass, a food source otherwise useless to humans, and one that is easily
stockpiled. The animals’ dairying proved to be a more efficient way of turning
uncultivated grasslands into sustenance: the food value of an animal killed for
meat can be matched by perhaps one year's worth of milk from the same
animal, which will keep producing milk — in convenient daily portions — for
years.
Around 7000 BC, cattle were being herded in parts of Turkey. There is
evidence from DNA extraction of skeletons from the Neolithic period that
people in northern Europe were missing the necessary genes to process lactase.
The use of cheese and butter spread in Europe, parts of Asia and parts of Africa.
Milk was first delivered in bottles on January 11, 1878. The day is now
remembered as Milk Day and is celebrated annually. The town of Harvard,
Illinois also celebrates milk in the summer with a festival known as Milk Days.
Theirs is a different tradition meant to celebrate dairy farmers in the "Milk
Capital of the World."
BEHIND VERKA
Far away from the din and maddening pace of the city, there rests, near
Amritsar sleepy village called Verka. Peaceful in its seclusion, life crawls on its
own pace. The cool breeze, rustle of the banyan leaves, the chirruping of the
birds, the quite flow of the shimmering water besides those soft folds of
lush green, nestling a healthy cattle grazing away to glory. A perfect picture
of health and happiness. Today, Verka has out-stripped its own boundaries to
reach our homes. Verka was there long before it came to MILKFED. But then,
it was the difference between being there and making it big. When we at
MILKFED took it on, we believed that it had potential to do a lot more. And
it did. With little more of a consumer oriented approach, Verka became a
brand to reckon with. With its growing outlets and thus easier availability, it
reached far and wide across the state and beyond. To people today, Verka is
part of their daily lives.
INTRODUCTION OF: THE VERKA MILK PLANT LDH.
Verka milk plant, Ludhiana is known Ludhiana distt- co-operative milk produce
union. It is situated on Ferozepur road. It is fully equipped with modern fluid
milk plants facilities.VMP, Ludhiana is a prestigious milk plant of Punjab state
famous all over the country and abroad for the supply of quality milk
products. It has got first position in Northern Zone. It's functioning stone was
laid by Sh. Prakash Singh Badal, the Chief Minister of the Punjab on June 22
1970. This plant was inaugurated by our referred Prime Minister Smt. Indira
Gandhi.
Milk plant is a co-operative society and farmers (producers) share all its profit
and losses. Govt. does not provide any financial assistance to milk plant
Ludhiana. But Govt. Supervisor and control is there. Law and policy maker is
Punjab Govt. here there is no dishonesty in the milk plant. It is very neat and
clean organization. The handling capacity of the milk plant per day is 4 Lac
Litre.
In the year 1983, PDDC merged into milk fed and control of milk plant
transferred to milk fed in year 1983. But the efforts of the Directors and milk
producer's control of milk plant transferred to milk union, (union of milk
producers).
Milk plant Ludhiana produces variety of milk products like Milk cake, cheese,
Butter, Ghee skimmed milk powder and standardized milk'. Milk plant sells
better quality of pasteurized milk to people. Ghee manufactured by this plant is
not only sold in country but also supplied to foreign countries like Nepal,
Dubai.
The new achievements of this milk plant is to achieve the International quality
certificate ISO 9002. To get this ISO -9002 certification the following clauses
are requires.
1. Management Responsibility
2. Quality Systems
3. Contract Review
4. Documents and data control
5. Purchasing
6. Purchase- Supplier product
7. Product - Identification and tractability
8. Process Control
9. Inspecting and testing
10. Inspection, Measuring and test equipment
11. Inspection and test status.
12. Control of non conforming products
13. Corrective action
14. Holding, Storage, packaging and delivery
15. Quality Records
16. International Quality Audits
17. Training
18. Statistical Techniques
19. Design and control
20. Servicing
21. Better utilization of manpower.
Profits of milk plant are distributed to workers and milk produces as increase in
rate of fat and SNF and to workers as bonus. In the year 2001-2002 the milk
plant achieved the Gross profit (Without Interest & Dep. ) for Rs. 5,7200000
and net profit for Rs. 3,3100000.
Under the operation flood dairy program the Govt. of India selected the
Ludhiana district of Punjab as one of the milk shed to develop Anand pattern.
Top mgt. In milk plant Ludhiana is controlled by Govt. The Govt. does not give
any assistance to the milk plant but milk plant can receive loans etc with the
guarantee of Govt. policymaker is the Govt. but milk produces spend money.
Machinery of best technology has been installed in the milk plant. The
machinery is available for the productions of following milk products.
1. Pasteurized fluid milk
2. Sterilized flavoured milk
3. Milk-cake
4. Paneer
5. Lassi
6. Ice Cream
7. Butter
8. Ghee
9. Skimmed milk powder
10. Whole milk powder
11. Baby food
12. Infant milk food
But according to the demands from the open market the following milk products
are produced:-
1. Pasteurized/ Sterlised milk
2. Milk cake
3. Paneer
4. Butter
5. Ghee
6. Skimmed milk powder
Lured by high profits some new concerns in private sector also try to set up
their own plants. So, the present margin of the milk plant has become less and
future is looking hard. The milk plant is still standing ahead and not loosing
courage. To meet the global competition milk fed Chandigarh has taken steps in
the field of advertisement of products and has set aside Rs, 1 crore for this
purpose.
Milk plant Ludhiana is playing a vital role in Socio Economic development of
real merses of Ludhiana Distt. Normally middlemen and traders dominate the
market. The milk plant steadily
marched toward fix goal of becoming a
strong and viable milk plant and now is
at No. 1 in Northern Zone.
All its officer as well as workers are
assets to milk plant Ludhiana who are
performing their duties delight and with
full zeal and energy. Also the building of milk plant. Ludhiana is nicely planned
and maintained. There is great system of work. We hope it will maintain its
reputation and goodwill "May it progress by leaps and bounds".
PROFILE
1. Full Name - The Ludhiana Distt, Co- Operative
Milk Produces Union Ltd. Ldh.
2. Registered Office - Milk plant, Ferozepur Road,
Ludhiana-141004.
3. Head Office - Punjab State Co- operative
milk producers federation
Ltd.
S.C.O. 153- 155 sector 34-A,
Chandigarh.
4. Date of Registration - 1972 with PDDC
5. Date of Inauguration - 31st Oct. 1974
6. Commencement of product - Feb 1979.
7. Constitution - Co- Operative
8. Bankers - Punjab State Central Co-operative
Bank.
9. Product Brand - Verka
10. No. of Milk Agencies - 332
11. No. of Societies - 751
12. No. of Employees - 823
Permanent - 491
Temporary - 332
13. Milk Chilling Centres - 6
14. Milk Handling Capacity - 4,00,000L/ Per day
15. Products Marketed by - The Punjab State Co-operative
Milk Producers
Federation Ltd. Chandigarh.
16. General Manager - Mr. Harinder Singh Grewal
17. Deputy Manager - Mr. Amarjeet Singh
18. Account Manager - Mr. A.K. Gupta
19. Production Manager - Mr. G.P. Sharma
20. Marketing Manager - Mr. Parminder Singh
21. Quality Control Manager - Mr. B.R. Madaan
SALIENT FEATURES
1. First milk plant in India to get ISO -9002 International Quality Certificate
for milk.
2. Milk rate paid to the producers among all the unions highest in the rate.
3. Milk procurement highest among all the unions in the state.
4. Milk procurements per society one day among all the union highest in the
state.
5. 100% milk producers co- operative societies are in profit.
6. Aggregate profit of the societies in any year is the maximum among all
the union state ever since inception, customer satisfaction and
consistency in quality are the key- thrust area of this organization.
7. Numbers of A.I. cases maximum among all the unions in the state.
8. Number of sick animals treated highest among all the unions in the state.
9. Cattle feed sold to societies is maximum among all the unions in the
state.
10. F.M.D. vaccination maximum among the all unions in the state,
11. Milk transportation cost lowest among all the unions in the state.
12. Milk chilling cost lowest among all the unions in the state.
13. Average daily city supply maximum among all the unions in the state.
14. Embryo transfer technology introduced in the field for the first time in
northern India.
15. Milk products selling at premium rates and ghee exported to gulf
countries and Philippines.
16. Capacity utilization is maximum on yearly basis.
17. Fuel cost per Kg. Milk is lowest among all the union in the state.
18. Electricity cost per Kg. Milk is lowest among all the unions in the state.
19. Leading union to start co- operative development programme is
strengthen the cooperative base at village level and to introduce arrogance
testing progrmame for improvement of animal breed.
20. Annual turn over more than Rs. 100.00 crores of rupees. Highest among
all the unions in the state.
21. Annual profitability highest among all the unions in the state.
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Organization structure is a systematic combination of people, functions and
physical facilities. It constitutes a formal structure with defined authority and
clear responsibility. Each and every person is given a job and then authority is
assigned to him for the job. He is made responsible for the job.
The structure and process by which a co-operative group of human beings
allocate its task among its members, identifies relationship and integrates its
activities towards the common objectives.
Thus organizing structure aims and the saying. " Each one for a job and job for
each one"
Organization structure of milk plant, Its board consist of 19 Directors, They
appoint General Manager and chairman. Then there are different departmental
heads like manager Accounts Manager, Production Manager, Purchase and
manager marketing etc. These heads have deputies for their assistance. The
each department has different employees at departmental level. Verka milk
plant is well organized". It helps in efficient 'running of concern.
MILK PROCUREMENT SECTION
Milk procurement business is being looked after mainly by milk union
Ludhiana. Procurement section is headed by manager milk procurement who is
assisted by technical officers and supporting staff for obtaining the objectives.
Milk is collected by milk procurement co- operative societies at the village
level and purchased by milk union which further supplies that milk to milk
plant after charging commission from milk plant at the rate specified by the
milk union.
Milk union Ludhiana procure 1.00 lac liters of milk per day at the time of
commissiong of milk plant. But at present milk union procure 4 lacs lit of milk
per day.
I. MILK HANDLING CAPACITY OF THE PLANT :- Detail of milk
handling capacity in % age is as under:-
Year Milk handling capacity ( utilization )
percentage
2000-01 86.4
2001-02 92.5
2002-03 135.9
2003-04 141.6
2004-05 168.7
2005-06 175.2
2006-07 186.9
2007-08 219.8
II. CITY SUPPLY
Milk union, Ludhiana in addition to supplying the surplus" milk to national milk
and Delhi also meet the social obligation of city supply to urban
population of Ludhiana.
Four different types of milk that are -
Milk fat Milk SNF (More than)
1. Pasteurized skimmed milk(SKM) 0.5% 8.7%
2. Pasteurised Double tonned milk (DTM) 1.5% 9.0%
3. Pasteurized standarised milk (Std.) 4.5% 8.5%
4. Pasteurized buffalo / Full cream milk (BM/FCM) 6.0% 8.5%
These four types of milk are packed in half liter, 1 liter & 5 liter poly sachets.
There are 21 routes for city supply. Verka milk plant has its own 5 milk bars at
different places.
Sale or city supply milk during last 8 year is as under:-
Year Sales of milk (Percentage per day)
2000-01 150.4
2001-02 135.6
2002-03 154.3
2003-04 168.9
2004-05 184.5
2005-06 192.8
2006-07 211.9
2007-08 240.8
III. AVERAGE COLLECTION OF MILK PER DAY (‘000KG)
Last 9 years record of average collection of milk per day is listed as under:-
Year Average Collection (000 kg.)
2000-01 216
2001-02 179
2002-03 216
2003-04 242
2004-05 269
2005-06 256.7
2006-07 261.6
2007-08 295.5
INCEPTION
Milk Production is a very important part of the agricultural economy in the State
of Punjab. Punjab is one of the smallest States in Indian Union with a total area
of 50,362 Sq. Kms.,
which is 1.5% of the Indian landmass. Dairy Farming is an age-old subsidiary
profession in the rural areas of Punjab. Punjab is the second largest milk
producing state in India, producing around 10% of the countries Milk
Production i.e. 8 million tones annually.
1. First Milk Plant, of the State was setup at Verka near Amritsar.
2. The brand name of Milk and Milk Products was adopted as Verka.
3. The Foundation stone of Milk Plant, Ludhiana was laid by Hon. S.
Parkash Singh Badal, the then Chief Minister of Punjab in 1970.
4. Commissioning of the Plant was done by Punjab Dairy Development
Corporation in 1974.
5. Inauguration was done by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi the then Prime
Minister of India.
6. The capacity of the plant was 1.00 lac. Litre per day, Including powder
plant of 7 MT.And now the milk handling capacity is 4.00 Lac Liter per
day.
.
OBJECTIVES
1. To strengthen dairy sector, Milk fed came into existence in 1978 and
Simultaneously Distt. Milk unions were formed.
2. Village level cooperative societies were also formed on "Anand Pattern".
The system was run by the farmers, of the farmers and for the farmers.
3. To give remunerative prices to farmers and to ensure permanent market for
the whole year.
4. To provide technical inputs like artificial insemination, to improve the breed
of animals, animals health services, preventive disease treatment and
awareness regarding farm management etc.
5. To provide ISI marks good quality balanced Cattle feed and fodder seeds
to the farmers.
NECESSITY FOR PRODUCTION ENHANCEMENT
1. Milk production in the area increased manifold with the result.
Resultantly started receiving daily 2.50 LPD of milk.
2. To increase the participation of women 120 exclusively women societies
are organized with 15300 women members. Through Punjab Women
Dairy Project a Central Govt. sponsored scheme.
3. Milk Production in the area increased manifold with the result.
Resultantly started receiving daily 2.50 Lac LPD of Milk and Peak
procurement 4.5 Lac LPD.
4. To cater to the increased demand, necessity of expansion of milk plant
arose.
5. Capacity of Milk Plant enhanced from 1 lac to 4 lac liters with additional
powder. Plant of 30 MTs .
6. Plant is having latest State of Art Technology with MVR (Mechanical
Vapour Reprocesses) along with a drier with fluidized bed through which
agglomerated Powder is manufactured.
7. This improved the socio- economic conditions of marginal and poor
farmers.
8. The profitability of the plant and turnover of the plant improved a lot.
9. No. of societies increased from 94 to 751 and its membership from 5400
to 78000.
9. All the societies are in net profit and distributing bonus to its members.
.
QUALITY OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS
1. To improve the quality of raw milk, Clean Milk Production program
started in 650 villages and resultantly the quality of products increased.
2. Milk Plant, Ludhiana was the First in India in Dairy Sector to get ISO
Certification.
3. Under ISO Certification and HACCP (IS 15000) Milk Union started
export of Ghee, SMP to Gulf Countries Philippines, Manila, South Africa,
Singapore, Bangla Desh etc. The export is more than 5.5 crore during the
last year.
4. To further improve the quality of Raw Milk, Milk Union started 365
Automatic Milk collection Stations at village level.
5. To meet the Challenges of WTO Milk Union started TIFAC program
with the help of Ministry of information.
6. 22 Bulk Milk Coolers have been installed at village level to chill the milk
on this spot and to check bacterial count.
7. 28 model dairy demonstration farms have been established including
milking machines in distt. Of Ludhiana which has encouraged the farmers
to adopted dairy on large scale.
8. Milk Union, Ludhiana is first in India which has installed Bectoscan
worth 70 lacs and Somatic cell count machine have been installed at milk
plant, Ludhiana.
.
PRESENT STATUS/ ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE PLANT
1. No. of societies increased from 94 to 751 and its membership from 5400
to 78000.
2. Milk Procurement has increased from 10200 LPD to 2,50,000 LPD
3. Highest milk price is being paid to the milk producers as compare to other
plants in the states
4. Products being manufactured by Ludhiana Plant are sold at premium rates
through out of the country and in the International Market.
5. City supply has increase from 66000 LPD to 1,60,000 LPD.
6. Turnover the plant touched to 180 crores Profit of the union has increased
manifold.
7. Capacity utilization of the plant is more than 80%.
8. Milk products like Ghee, Table Butter, Skimmed Milk Powder, Whole
Milk Powder, Curd, Paneer, Milk Cake etc are being manufactured by Milk
Plant Ludhiana.
.
MISSION
The milk plant has become less and future is looking hard. The milk plant is still
standing ahead and not loosing courage. To meet the global competition milkfed
Chandigarh has taken steps in the field of advertisement of products and has set
aside Rs, 1 crore for this purpose.
1. Providing improved technical input services to farmers.
2. Setting up big commercial farms.
3. More stress on clean milk production programme.
4. Rural women empowerment.
5. Massive women empowerment.
6. Strengthing market base with specific stress on consumer market.
7. Dynamic enhancement in Verka product mix.
Chapter- 2
EMPLOYEE’S HEALTH
INTRODUCTION
Various human resource development techniques may not help in
achieving organizational development, unless the persons working in the
organization are healthy. Professional efficiency, good health and
productivity are interrelated. Good health can promote high labour morale and
productivity i.e. a healthy worker can work full time and has a greater
productivity potential. Good health is also associated with better capability
and leadership. Good health leads to positive attitudes. It is conductive to
economic growth and modernization. The people with good health are generally enthusiastic and try to achieve higher and higher goals in life.
MEANING OF HEALTH
Health is a stage of complete physical, mental and social well being and not
merely the absence of any disease. A person is considered healthy if he is well
adjusted to the environment in which he works.
According to the joint I.L.O/W.H.O committee on organizational
Health, industrial health is (i) the prevention and maintenance of physical,
mental and social well being of workers in all occupations (ii) prevention
among workers of ill health caused by the working conditions (iii) protection
of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors averse
to health and (iv) placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational
environment adapted to his physical and psychological equipment.”
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health
As “a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely an absence of disease of disease or infirmity.
OBJECTIVES OF INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
The basic objective of industrial health is the prevention of disease and injury
rather than the cure of the disease.
Claude veil has specified the following objectives of industrial health:
(i) The prevention and maintenance of the highest degree of the physical mental and social well being of workers.
(ii) The prevention of factors which make for ill health in their working conditions.
(iii) The protection of workers in their occupations from risks arising from factors which are adverse to the maintenance for the health.
(iv) The placing and maintenance of worker in an occupational environment which is adapted to his psychological and physical equipment and The adaptation of work to man on his job.
SIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
According to Labour Bureau, Government of India “one the
one hand, efficiency in work is possible only when an employee is healthy: on
the other the industry (in which he is employed) exposes him to certain hazards
which he would not meet else where and which may affect his health. It is with
the intention of reducing these hazards and improving the worker’s health that
the discipline of industrial health came into being as a branch of public health in
its own right.”
The industrial health is significant because of the following reasons:-
(i) To maintain and improve productivity and quality of work.
(ii) To minimize absenteeism and labour turnover.
(iii) To reduce industrial unrest, indiscipline and accidents.
(iv) To improve employee motivation and morale.
(v) To reduce spoilage and cost of operations.
(vi) To preserve the physical and mental health of employees.
PRESENT STATE OF HEALTH IN INDIA
In India, the Royal commission on labour (1931), the
labour investigation committee (1946), the health survey and development
committee (1943), the labour welfare committee (1969) and national
commission on labour (1969) all emphasized upon the “creation and
maintenance of as healthy an environment as possible, in the homes of the
people as well as in all places where they congregate for work, amusement or
recreation as essential.”
The government of India, since independence has taken
several steps to protect the health of the workers. The government has enacted
several labour legislations protecting the health of the industrial workers. Such
legislations are the factories act 1948, the mines act 1952, the Indian dock
labourers act 1934, the motor transport workers act 1961. The coal mines
(conservation and safety act), 1952 etc. Under these acts, several provisions of
the concerned acts.
THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948
Section 11-20 of the act contains provisions to ensure that the
conditions under which the workers have to work in factories do not have an
adverse effect on their health. These provisions are as discussed below:-
1. cleanliness (sec.11). According to sec. 11, the factory shall be kept clean
and free from foul smell arising form any drain, toilet or any other nuisance.
Dirt and refuse shall be removed daily by sweeping or washing the floor,
benches, stairness and passages. The floor of every work room shall be cleaned
at least once a week by washing, using disinfectants where necessary or by
some other effective method. Where a floor becomes wet during the
manufacturing process, effective means of drainage shall be provided for. All
inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops of the rooms and all walls, sides
and tops of passages and staircases shall be kept white washed, colour washed
or painted as the case may be from time to time as per provisions of the act. All
doors and window frames and other wooden or metallic frame work and shutters and shall be kept painted or varnished and painting or varnishing shall
be carried out a least once in ever five years.
2. Disposal of wastes and effluents. According to sec 12, effective arrangement shall be made in every factor for the disposal of wastes arising due
to the manufacturing process carried on therein, so as to make them harmless.
The state government may make rules prescribing the arrangements to be made
in this regard.
3. Ventilation and temperature. According to sec 13, every factory must
provide for in every work room adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh
air. It will also ensure in the work room such a temperature as will secure to
workers therein reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health. Thus the walls and roofs of the work rooms shall be of such material and design
as are helpful to keep the temperature and make rules providing for the keeping
of thermometer in supecified places and the adoption of method which will
keep the temperature low.
4. Dust and fume. According to sec 14, effective arrangements must be
made in every factory for the prevention of the inhalation or accumulation of
may be injurious to the health of the workers. If any exhaust appliance is
necessary for this purpose it shall be installed as near as possible to the point of
the dust, fume or other impurity. No internal combustion engine which is
stationary shall be operated unless its exhaust is conducted into the open air.
5. Artificial humidification. According to sec 15, in respect of all the
factories, in which the humidity of air is artificially increased, the state
government may rules regarding the permissible standards of humidity, tests for
determining humidity and methods to be adopted for securing adequate ventilation and cooling of the air in the work rooms. The water used for
humidification shall be purified before actual use. The inspector factories may
also specify measures in this regard which should be carried out before the
specified date.
6. Overcrowding. According to sec 16, no room in any factory shall be
overcrowded to an extent which is injurious to the health of the workers
employed therein. At least 9.9 cubic metres of space per worker shall be
provided in a factor which was in existence on the date of commencement of
this act.
7. Lighting. According to sec 17,there shall be sufficient and suitable lighting
arrangement, natural or artificial or both, in every part of a factory where
workers are working or passing through. Under this provision, all glazed
windows and sky lights used for the lighting of the workroom shall be kept
clean or both the inner and the outer sides to allow free flow of light.
8. Drinking water. According to sec 18, in every factory, effective
arrangements shall be made to provide sufficient and pure drinking water to all
the workers employed therein. The water points should be conveniently situated
and properly maintained. All such points shall be legibly marked “Drinking
Water” in a language understood by majority of the workers employed in the
factory. No such point shall be situated within six metres, ofany washing place,
urinals, latrine, open drain etc.
9. Spittoons. According to sec 20, a sufficient number of spittoons must be
provided at convenient places in every factory. They must be maintained in a
clean and hygienic condition. The state government may make rules regarding
their number, locations and maintenance. No person shall spittoons. If a person
does so he may fined up to Rs. 5
MENTAL HEALTH OF THE EMPLOYEE:
The employees should adopt the following measures to
improve the mental health of the employees because a mentally tense, anxious
and sick person has a tendency to develop various symptoms of organic
disorders:
(i) Ensuring all facilities to employees in time to avoid tensions and diversion of mind.
(ii) Prompt decision making regarding the cases of the employees.
(iii) Ensuring transparency in administration to develop confidence and
commitment among employees.
(iv) Encouraging honest and hardworking employees to create mental happiness Psychologists have proved the motivational value of the
non-monetary factors. Such motivation to self actualize would lead to
mental happiness.
(v) Locating shirkers and providing consulting to them, to protect the
mental Health of the organization.
(vi) Inculcation of ethical values.
(vii) Stimulating leadership of create qualities of head and heart among
employees and removing mental tensions and fears.
(viii) Modify the pressure placed on the working people by creating a
healthy Environment and sound management policies and practices.
SOCIAL HEALTH OF THE EMPLOYEES Social health is another dimension of the employee’s health. Social health
means how an individual can have healthy relations with persons with whom he
comes in contact. The following measures may be initiated to ensure the social
health of the employees:
(i) Provision of good staff clubs with all amenities of indoor and
outdoor games. This informal relationship among employees and their families can generate bonds of friendship, love and affection and these
feelings can be transferred to work situations.
(ii) Arranging meetings in office time to involve the employees, so that
a sense of belongingness can be created in them.
(iii) Free access to seniors to remove a large number of tensions and Unnecessary references.
(iv) Arranging cultural programmes during festivals or others occasions
so that employees can get relaxed and feel charged.
(v) Arranging tours to nearby scenic places or hill stations to refresh the
minds of the employees and to accelerate the rate of social interactions.
SPIRITUAL HEALTH OF THE EMPLOYEES
Health has its base in spiritual powers. Organizations can arrange
different lectures on spiritually which can keep the health of the employees in
good USA are offering courses in spirituality, region and health. Studies have
found that religious folks have lower blood pressure, less depression and
anxiety, stronger immune system and generally spend less money on medicines
than people who do not believe in the existence of god and are less involved in
religious activities. Scientists cannot prove that god heals but they can prove
that belief in god has a beneficial effect. There is little doubt that healthy
religious facts and practices can help people get better.
EMLOYEES SAFETY
Large scale industrialization has been the result of mechanism and
automation. On the other hand, it has resulted in mass production of goods for
the welfare of the society, on the other hand it has brought in industrial hazards,
like accidents etc. industrial accidents may occur on account of a number of
factors ever since the beginning of this century, employee safety and accidents
have been attracting the attention of the psychologists and, sociologists and
industrial engineers. Psychologists are concerned with the theoretical
considerations of accident causation and the research into accident control. The
questions that have interested psychologists in studying accidents in industry
are “Do accidents really happen due to accidental causes or are there any
specific variables or factors which cause them?” Engineers and safety officers
usually render necessary practical advice on certain aspects of safety in
industry. They look upon prevention of accidents basically as an engineering
problem to be tackled through proper beginning of mechanical safety devices.
In fact, accident prevention and safety are interested and, therefore, require
multidimensional approach.
MEANING OF ACCIDENT
An industrial accident may be defined as “an occurrence which
interrupts or interferes with the orderly progress of work in an industrial
establishment.”
THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948 defines accidents as “an
Occurrenc in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a person
which makes him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48 hours”.
As per this actevery occurrence which may injure a worker is
not an accident. The injury inflicted on a worker should be serious which makes
him unfit for work at least for two days. Any casual injury is not covered under
‘accident’.
There are several ways by which accidents can be prevented. The
National Safety Council, U.S.A. says that accident prevention depends on three
E’s – ‘Engineering, Education and Enforcement, the job should be engineered
for safety, employees should be educated in safe procedures and safety rules
should be properly enforced.
Following steps may be taken to prevent industrial accidents:
1. Proper safety measures. There should be proper safety measures to
avoid accidents. Government also gives guidelines for enacting
measures for checking accidents, these should be properly followed.
Physical hazard should be avoided, machines should be properly
guarded, danger are should be fenced etc.
2. Proper Selection. Any wrong selection of employees will create problems later on. Sometimes, employees are accident prone, they may
not be properly suitable for the job etc. the selection of employees
should be based on properly devised tests so that their suitability of the
job is determined.
3. Safety Conscious. The employees should be made conscious of several
measures. There should be proper workings, slogans and advices to the
employees for making them conscious. The slogans like the following
will keep the workers thinking about safety measures.
“Accidents means Disablement” “Safety saves” “Alertness is the best precaution”
4. Enforcement of Discipline. There should be disciplinary action against
those who flout safety measures. There may be negative punishments
like warnings, fines, lay offs, terminations etc. proper enforcement of
discipline will force workers to follow the various safety instructions. 5. Incentives. Workers should be given incentives for maintaining safety. There may also be safety contents among workers. Those who follow
Safety instruction should be given monetary and non-monetary
incentives.
6. Safety Committees. Safety measures are in the interests of both workers
and management. There should be committees having representatives of
workers and employees for devising and enforce safety programmes.
Such committees will be more effective in implementing safety devices
because various measures will have the consent of workers through their
representatives.
7. Proper Maintenance of Machines and Equipment. Accidents may
occur due to the fault in the machines or equipment. There should be
proper maintenance of machines. These should be regularly greased,
safety devices checked and frequently inspected by engineering
department personnel.
8. Safety Training. The workers should be given training in safety
measures. They should know the hazards of the machines, the areas of
accident proneness and the likely precautions in case of some accident.
The training programme should be arranged both for the workers and
supervisors.
LEGAL PROVISIONS REGARDING SAFETY OF WORKERS
The Factories Act, 1948 deals with the safely of factory workers in India.
21 to 41 of the Act deal with safety provisions. The safety of the workers is
The prime responsibility of the owner of the factory. The requirements
provided under the Act are absolute and are in no way dependent upon
previous notice or warning from the Inspector of factories. The provisions
dealing with the safety of workers in different States are supplemented by
Rules framed by each state government. So in relation to a factory in a
particular state, the rules of the government of that state must be referred to.
The safety provisions given under the Factories Act, 1948 are described as
follows:-
1. Fencing of Machinery (Sec 21)
In every factory, every moving part of a prime mover and every wheel
connected to a prime mover, every part of an electric generator, motor or rotary
convertor, every part of transmission machinery and every dangerous part of
any other machinery shall be securely fenced by safeguards of substantial
construction which shall be constantly maintained and kept in position while the
parts of machinery they are fencing are in motion or in use. However, such
fencing may be removed to a safe extent for an examination, lubrication or
other adjusting operation while the machinery is in motion, the state
government is empowered to frame rules in this regard.
2. Work on or near the machine in motion (Sec 22)
With a view to secure the safety of the workers when it is
necessary to examine the machinery while in motion, it is required that such examination or operation shall be made or carried out only by a specially
trained adult male worker wearing a tight fitting dress which shall be
supplied by the occupier of the factory. Such worker shall handle a moving
pulley under safe conditions only as per the provisions of the Act.
3. Employment of young persons on dangerous machines (Sec 23)
No young person shall be required or allowed to work at any dangerous machine unless he has been fully instructed and trained regarding
the dangers arising from the machine and the necessary precautions have
been taken.
4. Striking Gear and Devices for Cutting Off Power (Sec 24)
In every factory suitable striking gear or other efficient
mechanical appliances shall be provided and maintained and used to move
driving belts to and from fast and loose pulleys which form part of the
transmission machinery. Such gear or appliances shall be so constructed, placed
and maintained as to prevent the belt from creeping back on the fast pulley.
Driving belts, when not in use shall not be allowed to rest or ride upon the
shafts in motion. In every factory, suitable devices for cutting off power in
emergence, from the running machinery shall be provided and maintained in
every room. However, the above provision shall apply only to work rooms in
which, electricity is used as power .When a device which can inadvertently shift
from ‘OFF to ON’ position is provided In the factory to cut off power,
arrangements shall be made for locking the device in a safe position to
prevent accidental starting of the transmission machinery or other machines to
which the device is fitted.
5. Self Acting Machines (Sec 25)
No part of a self acting machine which moves sideways in any factory
and no material carried thereon shall, if the space over which it runs is a space
over which any person is likely to pass, whether the cause of his employment or
otherwise, be allowed to run on its outward or inward movement within a
distance 45 cms from any fixed structure which is not a part of the machine.
6. Casting of New Machinery (Sec 26)
It is an important duty of the seller or hirer or their agents to encase,
sunk or otherwise effectively guard every screw, bolt or key, revolving shaft,
spindle, wheel or pinion of the machine to prevent danger to the workers.
Anybody who does not comply with the provisions of this subsection shall be
punishable with imprisonment upto 3 months or with fine upto Rs. 500 or with
both. The state government may also make rules specifying further safeguard to
be provided in respect of any other dangerous part of any particular machine or
machines.
7. Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children near Cotton Openers (Sec 27) No women or child shall be employed in any part of a factory where
pressing cotton openers is at work. Provided that if the feed end of the cotton
openers is in a room separated from the delivery end by a partition extending to
the roof or to such height as the inspector may in specific case specify in
writing, women and children may be employed on the side of the partition
where the feed end is situated.
8. Hoists and Lifts (Sec 28)
In every factory:-
(a) every hoist and lift shall be :
(i) of good mechanical construction, sound material and adequate strength.
(ii) Properly maintained and shall be thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every period of six months
and register shall be kept containing the presidential particulars
of every such examination.
(b) every hoist way and lift shall be sufficiently protected by an
enclosure fitted with gates and the hoist or lift and every such
enclosure shall be so constructed as to prevent any person or
thing and any fixed structure or moving part.
9. Lifting Machines, Chains, Ropes and Lifting Tackles (Sec 29)
In any factory, the following provisions shall be complied with respect
to every lifting machine (other than a hoist and lift) and every chain, rope and
lifting tackle goods or materials:
(a) All parts of every lifting machine, chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be of
good construction, sound material and adequate strength. It shall be free from
defects and properly maintained. It shall be thoroughly examined by a
competent person at least once in every period of 12 months or at such intervals
as the Chief Inspector may specify in writing. A register shall be kept
containing the prescribed particulars of every such examination.
(b) No lifting machine, chain, rope or lifting tackle shall, except for the purpose
of test, be loaded beyond the safe working load which shall be plainly marked
thereon.
(c) Where any person is employed or is working on or near the wheel track of a
traveling crane in any place where he may be struck by the crane, effective
measures shall be taken to ensure that the crane does not approach within six
metres of that place.
10. Revolving Machinery (Sec 30)
In every factory, in which the process of grinding is carried on, there
shall be permanently affixed to or placed near each machine in use, a notice
indicating the maximum safe working speed of every grindstone or abrasive
wheel, the speed of the shaft or spindle and the diameter of the pulley upon
which sue shaft or spindle and such speeds shall in no case be exceeded.
11. Pressure plant (Sec 31)
If any factory, any part of the plant or machinery used in a
manufacturing process is operated at a pressure above atmospheric pressure,
effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the safe working pressure of
such part is not exceeded.
12. Stairs and Means of Access (Sec 32)
In every factory, all floors, steps, stairs, passages and gangways
shall be of sound construction and properly maintained and shall be kept free
from obstruction and substances likely to cause persons to slip and where it is
necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, passages and gangways shall be
provided with substantial handrails.
13. Pits, Sumps, Opening in Floors etc. (Sec 33)
In any factory, any fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening in the
ground or in a floor which by reason of its depth, situation, construction or
contents is or may be a source of danger shall be either securely covered or
securely fenced. The state government may exempt compliance in any
particular case.
14. Excessive Weights (Sec 34)
No person shall be employed in any factory to lift, carry or move any
load so heavy as to be likely to cause him injury. The state government may
make rules prescribing the maximum weights which may be lifted, carried or
moved by adult men, adult women, adolescents and children employed in any
factory.
15. Protection of Eyes (Sec 35)
In respect of any such manufacturing process carried on in any factory
as may be prescribed being a process which involves.
(a) Risk of injury to the eyes from particles or fragments thrown off in the
course of the process or
(b) Risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive light, the state
government may by rules require that effective screens or suitable goggle shall
be provided for the protection of persons employed on or in the immediate
vicinity of the process.
16. Precautions against Dangerous Fumes (Sec 36)
No person shall be required or allowed to enter any chamber,
tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or other confined space in any factory in which any gas,
fume, vapour or dust is likely to be present to such an extent as to involve risk
to persons being overcome thereby, unless it is provided with a manhole of
adequate size or other effective means of getting out. No person shall be
required or allowed to enter any confirmed space referred to above unless all
practical measures have been taken to remove any gas, fume, vapour or dust
which may be present so as to bring its level within the permissible limits and
to prevent any entry of such gas, fume, vapour or dust etc. unless (i) A certificate in writing has been given by a competent person,
Based on a test carried out by him that the space is reasonably free from
dangerous, gas fume, vapour or dust or
(ii) Such person is bearing suitable breathing apparatus and a belt
securely attached to a rope, the free end of which is held by a person outside the
confined space.
17. Precautions regarding the use of Portable Electric Lights (36 A) In any factory:- (a) No portable electric light or any other appliance of voltage
exceeding twenty four volts shall be permitted for use inside any chamber, tank,
vat, pipe, pit, flue or other confined space, and
(b) If any inflammable gas, fume or dust is likely to be present in such
chamber, tank, vat, pipe, pit, flue or other confined place, no lamp light other
than that of flame proof construction shall be permitted to be used therein.
18. Explosive or Inflammable Dust, Gas etc. (Sec 37)
Where in any manufacturing process produces dust, gas, fume or vapour of
such character and to such extent as to be likely to explode on ignition, all
practicable measures shall be taken to prevent any such explosion by:-
(a) Effective enclosure of the plant or machinery used in the process.
(b) Removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust, gas, fumes.
(c) Exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible sources of ignition.
19. Precautions in case of fire (Sec 38)
All practicable measures shall be taken in every factory to prevent any outbreak
of fire and its spread both internally and externally. Safe means of escape for all
persons in the event of fire and necessary equipments and facilities for
extinguishing the fire shall also be provided and maintained. All the workers shall also be adequately trained and make familiar with the
means of escape in case of fire. The state Government may make rules
requiring the measures to be adopted for the above provision. If the Chief Inspector is of the opinion that the measures provided in the
factory are inadequate he may by an order in writing require that such
additional measures as he may consider reasonable and necessary be provided in the factory before such date as specified in the order.
20. Power to require Specification of defective Parts or Tests of Stability (Sec 39)
If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or any
part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it
may be dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or
manager or both of the factory an order in writing requiring him before a
specified date:
(a) To furnish such drawings, specifications and other particulars as may
be necessary to determine whether such building ways, machinery or plant can
be used with safety.
(b) To carry out such tests in such manner as may be specified in the
order and to inform the Inspector of the results thereof.
21. Safety of Building and machinery (Sec 40)
If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building,
or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition
that it is dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or
manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the measures
which in his opinion should be adopted and requiring them to be carried out
before a specified date.
22. Maintenance of Buildings (Sec 40 A)
If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building in
a factory is in such a state of disrepair as is likely to lead to conditions
detrimental to the health and welfare of the workers he may serve on the
occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the
measures which in his opinion would be taken and requiring the same to be
carried out before such date as is specified in the order.
23. Safety Officers (Sec 40 B)
In every factory where in one thousand or more workers are ordinarily
employed or where in the opinion of the State Government, any manufacturing
process or operation is carried on, which involves any risk of bodily injury,
poisoning or disease or any other hazard to health, to the persons employed in
the factory, the occupier shall if so required by the state government by
notification in the Official Gazette. Employ such number of safety officers as
may be specified in that Notification. The duties, qualifications and conditions
of service of the safety officers shall be such as may be prescribed by the state
government.
24. Powers to make Rules to supplement the above Provisions (Sec 41)
The state government may make rules requiring the provisions in any
factory or in any class or description of factories of such further devices and
measures for s securing the safety of persons employed therein as it may deem
necessary.
In addition to the Factories Act 1948, there are a few more Acts
which provide measures for the safety of workers, as given below:
(i) The Dock Workers (Regulation of Employment) Act 1948,
provides for measures for ensuring the health and welfare of the dock workers
and the Dock Workers (Safety, Health and Welfare) scheme 1961 under the Act
of 1948 which provides safety measures for those workers who are not covered
under the regulation of 1948.
(ii) The Indian Dock Laborers Act, 1934 takes care of workers
engaged on board the ship and alongside the slip. (iii) The Mines act 1952 applies to mines of all types including mines
of atomic minerals and oil fields. The Directorate General of Mines Safety has
been entrusted with the function of enforcing the provision of Mines Act 1952
and the rules and regulations framed therein.
Chapter- 3
Objective of Employee Health & Safety
1. To study various health and safety provision implemented at Verka Milk
Plant.
2. To study the satisfaction level of employees regarding health and safety
provisions.
3. To study how often equipments are checked.
4. To find whether employees are provided with health and safety
Induction training or not.
CHAPTER – 4
RESEARCH METHODO1OGY
Methodology makes the most important contribution towards the enrichment of
the study. In a research there are number of methods and procedures to be
applied but it is the nature of the problem under investigation that determines
the adaptation of a particular method for all studies method selected should
always be appropriate is the problem under investigation.
Methodology adopted:
The research is aimed at studying the analysis of organization culture at
VERKA Milk Plant. The city covered under the research was Ludhiana.
Sample size:
The sample size was so selected to give the true picture of the culture. The lot
Sample size for the Plant is 50.
Number of employees in Verka Milk Plant = 50
Total lot size = 50
Sampling techniques: Convenience sampling was used to conduct this study.
Under this technique sample of respondents were chosen according to the
convenience of the respondents.
Methods of data collection:
Data may be obtained either from the primary sources or the secondary
sources by seeing the objective to be achieved. A primary source is one in
which one itself collects the data. A secondary source is that makes in which
one available data which were collected by some other agency.
Primary data:
The main research instrument is the primary data “THE QUESTIONNARE”.
This is the most common instrument in collecting the primary data, which
was used for fulfilling our objectives. The data will be collected with the
help of the questionnaire that will be administrate on employees of verka milk
plant, LDH.
Secondary data:
The secondary data will be obtained from Internet and from various books.
Data analysis & interpretation:
After a complete identify of questions asked from respondents, calculating the
frequency of response, tabulated data and percentage was worked out wherever
necessary. The conclusions were drawn on the basis of frequency of
response/percentage.
CHAPTER – 5
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Q1. Do you know about healthy working condition?
Interpretation
Sr.no. Option Responses %age
1. Yes 40 80%
2. No 10 20%
This table shows that 80% of employees know about healthy working
condition and 20% do not know.
Q2. Are you aware of Factories Act 1948?
Interpretation
This table shows that 14% employees aware about Factory Act 1948 and 86% do not Aware.
.
Sr.no. Option Responses %age
1. Yes 7 14%
2. No 43 86%
Q3. Are you satisfied with?
High satisfy Satisfy Neutral Dissatisfy High dissatisfyVentilation 7 37 5 1 0Room temperature 3 17 29 1 0lighting 4 34 11 1 0Cleanliness 5 35 4 7 0Seating arrangement 7 32 8 3 0Rest room 5 31 7 7 0Drinking water 6 28 15 1 0Spittoons 0 21 3 25 1Latrines 2 20 8 19 0
.
Q4. Are the employees provided with health and safety induction training?
Interpretation
The table show that 16% employees provide with health and safety induction training and 84% not provide.
Q5. Is there any restriction for smoking at work?
Sr.no. Option Responses %age
1. Yes 8 16%
2. No 42 84%
Sr.no. Option Responses %age
1. Yes 48 96%
2. No 2 4%
Interpretation
Above diagram shows that 96% person answered that there is restriction to smoking at work and 4% answered in negative.
Q6. If no, do you provide a smoke fees rest area?
Sr.no. Option Responses %age
1. Yes 1 50%
2. No 1 50%
Interpretation
The table show that 50% employees says that they are provided a smoke free rest area and other 50% do not agree.
Q7. Is there any provision for pregnant women & nursing mother to rest if they need?
Sr.no. Option Responses %age
1. Yes 46 92%
2. No 4 8%
Interpretation
This table show that 92% employees says that there are provision for pregnant & nursing mother to rest if they need and 8% employees are not agree.
Q8. Are the machine repaired & regularly maintained?
Sr.no. Option Responses %age
1. Yes 31 62%
2. No 19 38%
Interpretation
The table show that 62% employees says that machines are repaired & regularly
maintained and 38% are not agree.
Q9. Are you satisfied with?
High satisfy Satisfy Neutral Dissatisfy High dissatisfyHoist & lifts 5 17 23 5 0Lifting machine, ropes 4 39 5 2 0Floor & stairs 4 36 7 3 0Fire extinguishers 4 42 4 0 0
.
Q10. Are all the equipment used at workplace, safe to use?
Interpretation
The table shows that 78% employees says that all the equipment used at
workplace safe to use and 22% employees not agree.
Q11. Are you provided with health & safety information?
Sr.no. Option Responses %age
1. Yes 39 78%
2. No 11 22%
Sr.no. Option Responses %age
1. Yes 15 30%
2. No 35 70%
Interpretations
The table show that 30% employees says that they are provide with health &
safety Information and 70% are not agree.
Q12. Is the fixed electrical installation regularly inspected & maintained?
Sr.no. Option Responses %age
1. Yes 47 94%
2. No 3 6%
Interpretation
The table shows that 94% employees agrees with fixed regularly inspected &
maintained and 6% employees do not agrees.
Q13. If yes, how often
Interpretation
The table show that 52% employees agree with monthly, 43% agree with after six
months and 5% agree with yearly.
Sr.no. Option Responses %age
1. Monthly 25 52%
2. After six months 20 43%
3. Yearly 2 5%
Q14. Is there any safety officer appointed in your organization?
Sr.no. Option Responses %age
1. Yes 45 90%
2. No 5 10%
Interpretation
This table shows that 90% employees says that safety officer appointed in their
organization and 10% employees do not agree.
Chapter-6
FINDING OF THE STUDY
1. 80% employees know about healthy working condition & 20% do not know.
2. Only 14% employees aware about Factory Act 1948.
3. More employees are satisfy regarding ventilation, lighting, drinking water.
4. The 16% employees view they are provided with health and safety induction training.
5. According to 96% employees there is restriction to smoking at work.
6. 62% employees answered that machine are repaired & regularly maintained.
7. According to 78% employee’s equipment used at work place safe to use and 22% are not agree.
8. 70% employees says that they are not provided with health and safety information & 30% are provided. 9. According to 94% employees the electrical installation regularly maintained monthly and after six months.
10. The 90% employees says that safety officer appointed in the organization.
Chapter-7
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
1) Due to time constraint, only one company are selected for the study.
2) Convenient sampling technique is used to select the data. Due to
which chances of biasness are there.
3) Error during calculation and tabulation may arise .
4) Due to personal biasness of the respondent involved in the study ,
the result thus obtained may not be very much accurate.
5) Some to the respondent were educated.
6) As per knowledge data was collected and analyzed, error may be
there.
7) Generally the respondents were busy in their work and were not
interested in responding out rightly.
Chapter-8
.
SUGGESTIONS
1. New training program should be introduced.
2. Regularly health checkup should be necessary.
3. Proper facility to the rest room should be available.
4. Need for proper hygienic food.
5. To provide health and safety induction training.
6. Make provision for pregnant women and nursing mother to rest if they need.
7. The machine repaired and regularly maintained.
8. To provide health and safety information. 9. Proper facility to the lighting, seating, drinking water, spittoons and latrines.
.
Chapter-9
BIBLIOGRAPHY
i. Human Resource Management
By:- Shashi k. Gupta Rosy Joshi
ii. Human Resource Management
By:- C.V Rao
iii. Research Methodology]
By:- C. kothari
Chapter-10 ANNEXURE
QUESTIONNARIE
NAME -------------------------------------
AGE -------------------------------------
GENDER -------------------------------------
Q1. Do you know about healthy working condition? Yes No
Q2. Are you aware of Factories Act 1948? Yes No
Q3. Are you satisfied with? High satisfy Satisfy Neutral Dissatisfy High dissatisfy Ventilation
Room temperature Lighting
Cleanliness
Seating arrangement
Rest rooms
Dirking water
Spittoons
Latrines
Q4. Are the employees provided with health and safety induction training?
Yes No
Q5. Is there any restriction for smoking at work? Yes No
Q6. If no, do you provide a smoke fees rest area? Yes No
Q7. Is there any provision for pregnant women & nursing mother to rest if they need? Yes No
Q8 Are the machine repaired & regularly maintained?
Yes No
Q9. Are you satisfied with? High satisfy Satisfy Neutral Dissatisfy High dissatisfy Hoist & lifts
Lifting machine, ropes
Floor & stairs
Fire extinguishers
Q10. Are all the equipment used at workplace, safe to use?
Yes No
Q11. Are you provided with health & safety information? Yes No
Q12. Is the fixed electrical installation regularly inspected & Maintained? Yes No
Q13. If yes, how often Monthly
After six months
Yearly Q14. Is there any safety officer appointed in your organization? Yes No