my ideas about the day, year, seasons, and moon phases: before · my ideas about the day, year,...

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Issues and Earth Science • Student Sheet 71.1a

My Ideas About the Day, Year, Seasons, and Moon Phases:Before

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Day

What changes happen in the sky

every 24 hours?

What causes these changes?

Year

What is a year?

What changes happen in the Sun’s position

in the sky over a year?


Seasons

What changes happen in the seasons

every year?


Moon Phases

What changes take place in the visible shape

of the Moon from day to day?

How long does it take for these changes to

take place?


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Issues and Earth Science • Student Sheet 71.1b

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My Ideas About the Day, Year, Seasons, and Moon Phases:After

Day

What changes happen in the sky

every 24 hours?


Year

What is a year?

What changes happen in the Sun’s position

in the sky over a year?


Seasons

What changes happen in the seasons

every year?


Moon Phases

What changes take place in the visible shape

of the Moon from day to day?

How long does it take for these changes to

take place?


Name Date

Issues and Earth Science • Student Sheet 72.1

Shadow Observation Sheet©

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Sample Shadow Observation Procedure©

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1. Find a spot outdoors where it is sunny for most of the day. You will need to

leave the sun stick there for at least 4 to 6 hours.

2. Set up your sun stick as directed by your teacher.

3. Place Student Sheet 72.1, “Shadow Observation Sheet,” on a firm surface and

place it in the sunny spot.

4. Place a compass on the direction circle on the Student Sheet, and line it up so

that the north arrow on the compass lines up with the arrow pointing north

on the Student Sheet.

5. Place the sun stick directly on the dark circle.

6. Make a line along the shadow from the stick that is the same length and in

the same direction as the shadow. Record the time of the observation next to

the line.

7. Each time you observe, record where the Sun is in the sky. Indicate whether it

is high or low and if it is in the east, south, or west.

8. Continue to make and record observations every hour or so for 4 to 6 hours.

If the paper isn’t large enough, use tape to attach more paper as needed.

9. Prepare a data table to record your observations.

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Talking Drawing 1: A Day On Earth©

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Draw a for the Sun and a for Earth.

Place a dot on Earth to show the location of the U.S.

Draw a picture that shows the Sun and Earth during the day in the U.S.

Draw a picture that shows the Sun and Earth during the night in the U.S.

On Earth, day and night are caused by

It is day when

It is night when

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Talking Drawing 2: A Day On Earth©

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Draw a for the Sun and a for Earth.

Place a dot on Earth to show the location of the U.S.

Draw a picture that shows the Sun and Earth during the day in the U.S.

Draw a picture that shows the Sun and Earth during the night in the U.S.

On Earth, day and night are caused by

It is day when

It is night when

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Possible Explanations: A Day On Earth©

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Earth moves farther away from the Sun at night and closer to it during the day.

The Moon’s shadow covers the Sun and makes it dark at night.

Earth takes one day to spin completely around on its axis.

The Sun takes one day to go comletely around Earth.

Observations For Idea

Observations Against Idea

Idea Diagram

EarthSun

Day

Night

Day

Night

1 day

Sun Earth

EarthSun Moon

MoonSun Earth

Earth Sun

Sun

Earth

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Anticipation Guide: As Earth Rotates©

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Before starting the activity, mark whether you agree (+) or disagree (—) with eachstatement below.

After completing the activity, mark whether you agree (+) or disagree (—) with eachstatement below. Under each statement, explain how the activity gave evidence tosupport or change your ideas.

Before After

1. Ancient people used the shadows cast by sticks to indicate

the passage of time during a day.

Evidence from the reading:

2. When the sun rises in the western United States, it is still

dark in the eastern United States.


3. Benjamin Franklin divided the world into time zones in the

late 1700s.


4. The world is divided into twelve time zones.


5. When it is nighttime in the United States, it is daytime in Asia.


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Graph of Daylight Length and Sun Angle vs. Month (2005)©

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Month* (2005)

Jan. Feb. MayApril Aug.July Oct. Nov.Sep.JuneMarch Dec.

1

7

10

9

8

6

5

4

3

2

11

15

14

13

12

Day

light

Len

gth

(Hou

rs)

*Based on 21st day of each month

Sun

Ang

le (

˚)

5

35

50

45

40

30

25

20

15

10

55

75

70

65

60

0

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Graph of Daylight Length and Sun Angle vs. Month (2006)©

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Month* (2006)

Jan. Feb. MayApril Aug.July Oct. Nov.Sep.JuneMarch Dec.

1

7

10

9

8

6

5

4

3

2

11

15

14

13

12

Sun

Ang

le (

˚)

5

35

50

45

40

30

25

20

15

10

55

75

70

65

60

0

*Based on 21st day of each month

Day

light

Len

gth

(Hou

rs)

1

7

10

9

8

6

5

4

3

2

11

15

14

13

12

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Earth’s Year Viewed from Space: Top View©

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March (Spring begins)

Distance = ____________________ km.

September (Fall begins)

Distance = ____________________ km.

December (Winter begins)

Distance = ________________ km.

June (Summer begins)

Distance = ________________ km.Sun

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Earth’s Year Viewed from Space: Side View©

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Earth’s orbit is not really stretched out as in the drawing below. It is shown this waybecause when you look at a circle from the side and slightly above, this is what itlooks like.

The Sun is much larger than Earth, but is small in the diagram so that you willhave room to draw Earth’s position in each of the four seasons.

March

Daylight hours = _________

Average temperature =

________˚F, ________˚C

September



________˚F, ________˚C

December



________˚F, ________˚C

June



________˚F, ________˚C

Sun

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Three-Level Reading Guide: The Earth on the Move©

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1. Check the statements below that you think say what the reading says.

Sometimes the exact words found in the reading are used. At other times,

other words may be used to communicate the same meaning.

a. Earth is closer to the Sun in December than it is in June.

b. In the United States, the Sun’s rays are least direct in December.

c. Only the Northern Hemisphere has seasons.

2. Check the statements below that you think represent the intended meaning of

the reading.

a. Rays from the Sun that hit Earth more directly heat Earth’s surface

more than less direct rays do.

b. The effects of Earth’s tilt are far more significant than the effects of

changes in distance from the Sun in determining the seasons.

c. If Earth were tilted even more, it would always be winter.

d. The orbit of Earth around the Sun is almost circular.

e. When the Northern Hemisphere has spring, the Southern

Hemisphere has fall.

3. Check the statements below that you agree with, and be ready to support your

choices with ideas from the reading and from your own knowledge.

a. If Earth were not tilted, the northern United States would usually

be just as warm as the southern United States.

b. Seasons become more extreme as you move toward either the

North or South Pole.

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My Moon Observations©

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Record the dates for the next four weeks in the calendar below. Try to make observa-tions of the Moon at least three or four times each week for the next two to four weeks.

Begin by finding the Moon in the sky. Shade the circle to show what the Moon lookslike, as shown in the examples to the right of each photograph. Leave the bright partof the Moon white. Write down the time of your observation.

If you see: Draw: If you see: Draw:

Sunday Monday FridayTuesday ThursdayWednesday Saturday

_____ _____ Date Time (am/pm)



































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Emily’s Moon Observations©

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May

June

3127 28 29 30

2420 21 22 23 25 26

1713 14 15 16 18 19

1060 70 80 90 11 12

5010 20 30 40

2824 25 26 27

2117 18 19 20 22 23

1410 11 12 13 15 16

7030 40 50 60 80 90

20

29 30

10

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Observations of Moon Model©

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Position Time Drawing Phase Name

1 Start of cycle, Earth between Sun and Moon

2 3 days later

3 7 days (1 week) later

4 10 days later

5 14 days (2 weeks) later

6 17 days later

7 21 days (3 weeks)later

8 25 days later

9 29 days later

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Moon and Tide Calendar©

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June

27 28

29 30

20 21

2422 23 25 26

13 14

181715 16 19

60 70

111080 90 12

5010 20 30 40

23 24

16 17

2018 19 21 22

90 10

1311 12 14 15

20 30

6040 50 70 80

2725 26 28 29

10

30

EXT = Extreme Tides, F = Full Moon, N = New Moon

May

31

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Moon and Tide Calendar (cont.)©

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August

22 23

2624 25

15 16

1917 18 20 21

80 90

131210 11 14

10 20

605030 40 70

27 28 29 30

25 26

18 19

2220 21 23 24

11 12

1513 14 16 17

40 50

8060 70 90 10

2927 28 30 31

30

July10 20

31


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Issues and Earth Science • Student Sheet 82.1c

Moon and Tide Calendar (cont.)©

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26 27

19 20

2321 22 24 25

12 13

1614 15 17 18

50 60

9070 80 10 11

3028 29

40

September

20 3010

24 25

17 18

2119 20 22 23

10 11

1412 13 15 16

30 40

7050 60 80 90

2826 27 29 30

2010

October

31


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Calendar Advantages and Disadvantages©

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Calendar Advantages Disadvantages

A

B

C

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Comparing Planets©

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Planet What is unique about this planet? Compare and contrast it with Earth.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

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my ideas about the day, year, seasons, and moon phases: before · my ideas about the day, year,...

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