my final ppt of 28 july 2014

8/12/2019 My Final Ppt of 28 July 2014

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HEPATITIS


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HEPATITIS = Inflammation ofLiver


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Source of

virus

feces blood/

blood-derivedbody fluids

blood/


blood/


feces

Route oftransmission

fecal-oral percutaneouspermucosal

percutaneouspermucosal

percutaneouspermucosal

fecal-oral

Chronicinfection

no yes yes yes no

Prevention pre/post-exposure

immunization

pre/post-exposure

immunization

blood donorscreening;

risk behaviormodification

pre/post-exposure

immunization;risk behaviormodification

ensure safedrinking

water

Type of Hepatitis

A B C D E


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HEPATITIS - causes

ACUTE:Viral hepatitisNon-viral infection

AlcoholToxinsDrugs

Ischemic hepatits AutoimmuneMetabolic diseases

CHRONIC:Viral hepatitis

Alcohol

DrugsNon-alcoholicsteatohepatitis

AutoimmuneHeredity


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HEPATITIS - symptoms

ACUTE:MalaiseMuscle and join

acheFeverNausea or vomiting

Loss of apetite Abdominal painDark urine

Jaundice

CHRONIC:Malaise, tiredness,weakness

Weight lossPeripheral oedema

Ascites


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Hepatitis A

Transmission: faecal-oralIncubation: 2-6weeksHigh-risk countries:Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, South America

In these regions almost every child comes intocontact with the hepatitis A virus before the age of 10

The proportion of symptomatic formsand complications increase with age


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Diagnosis: AST, ALT, Igm, IgG

Prevention: hygienic measurespassive immunization ( gives


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Hepatitis B:

ACUTE CHRONIC- 5-10%

(infection > 6months)

Every year 1 to 2 million people die due to aninfection by this virus

complications of chronic hepatitis


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Ratio of Hepatitis In India


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Transmission: blood and body fluids, iv drugabusers, sexual transmission

Incubation: 1-6 months

Hepatitis B virus primarily interferes with functionsof the liver by replicating in liver cellsDuring HBV infection, the host immune response

causes both hepatocellular damage and viralclearance


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Diagnosis: HBsAg - 1-6 months after exposureHBeAg - 1-3 months after acute

illness, high infectivity

anti-HBc - past infectionanti-HBs - implies vaccination

HBsAg-positive for at least 6 months - hepatitis B

carriers (may have chronic hepatitis B)


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Prevention: vaccinationTreatment: chronic- PAGinterferon-2 , antiviraldrugs (lamivudine...)


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Hepatitis C

ACUTE CHRONIC 50-80%first 6 months after infection more than 6 months

60-70% asymptomatic often asymptomaticmost patients develop chronic 1/3 progress to cirrhosis in 20y

HCV

Infects 3-4 million people per year


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Transmission: bloodIncubation: 2weeks - 6months

No vaccine!

35% of patients infected with HIV are also infectedwith hepatitis C virus


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Alcoholic hepatitisMajor cause of liver cirrhosis in the Western world

hepatocellular necrosis and ballooningdegeneration


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Hepatitis D

Subviral satellite because it canpropagate only in the presence ofhepatitis B

coinfection superinfection

Transmission: parenteral (intravenousdrug use mostly)> 60% develop cirrhosis


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Hepatitis E Virus


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Prevention and Control

Avoid drinking water (and beverages withice) of unknown purity, uncooked shellfish,and uncooked fruit/vegetables not peeledor prepared by traveler.IG prepared from donors in Western

countries does not prevent infection.Unknown efficacy of IG prepared fromdonors in endemic areas.


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Thank You..

my final ppt of 28 july 2014

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