Michael KleinChemistry 10

Mr. Snyder08/23/09

I. Title: Intensive & Extensive

II. Purpose: Compare intensive and extensive properties of water.

III. Materials: 1) Beaker, 2) Water, 3) Thermometer, 4) Hot Plate, 5) Graduated Cylinder.

IV. Procedure: 1. Use graduated cylinder to measure 100ml of water into the smaller beaker and 400ml into the larger beaker.2. Used hot plate to heat the water in the smaller beaker while timing and using Thermometer to measure temperature.3. Observed and recorded time and temperature once boiling.4. Waited for the hot plate to cool.5. Repeated steps 2-4 with the beaker filled with 400ml of water.

V. Data:100ml of water 400ml of water

Boiling point (C°) 98° 98°Time it takes to boil (sec) 5:30 10:37

VI. Conclusion Questions:1. Is temperature an intensive or extensive property of matter? Explain: Extensive. Both hot and cold water are water.2. Is the amount of energy absorbed (determined by the time it takes for water to boil) an intensive or extensive property of matter? Explain: Intensive. The water must always reach 100° C to boil.3. Identify 2 additional intensive properties of matter: Conductivity and Hardness.4. Identify 2 additional extensive properties of matter: Volume and Length.5. Density=Mass/Volume. Conduct an experiment to show whether density is an intensive or extensive property of matter:a. Two beakers were weighed and their weights noted.b. One beaker was filled with 300 mL of water and the other with 500 mL of water and were weighed accordingly.c. The mass of the first beaker was subtracted from the total weight of the beaker filled with 300 mL of water and divided by 300 mL to get a density of 0.99 g/mL.d. The mass of the first beaker was subtracted from the total weight of the beaker filled with 500 mL of water and divided by 500 mL to get a density equal to the first one thus proving that density is an intensive property of matter.

Michael KleinChemistry 10

Mr. Snyder10/13/09

I. Title: Separating Mixtures

II. Purpose: To separate out a mixture of the following pure substances: Iron, Sulfur, and Salt.

III. Materials: 1) Paper Plate, 2) Plastic Dish, 3) Mixture Sample, 4) Magnet, 5) Water, 6) Beaker, 7) Funnel, 8) Filter Paper, 9) Flask, 10) Hot Plate

IV. Procedure: 1. Spread out mixture sample on paper plate and used magnet to remove Iron filings.2. Scraped Iron filings off magnet and dissolved Sulfur and Salt in 2 mL of water.3. Poured Sulfur and Salt through filter paper and funnel into flask to isolate the sulfur which did

not pass through the filter paper.4. Boiled Salt water in flask using Hot Plate to remove the water and isolate the salt.

V. Data:Separation is a process used to transform a mixture into multiple distinct elements using a physical or chemical transformation. One method is distillation which consists of removing the liquid from a mixture, usually by boiling off the liquid. Another method of separation is filtering out one or more substances which are unable to pass through a filter. An alternative method is to employ an unique property of a substance such as magnetism to isolate an element. Separation is a procedure that simplifies a mixture into its different parts.

VI. Analysis & Conclusion Questions:1. What were the components of the mixture?: Salt, Sulfur, and Iron.2. What kind of mixture was this (heterogeneous/homogenous)?: Heterogeneous.3. Did you know the percent composition of this mixture?: No.

4. How do you think this information would be helpful in ensuring complete separation?: By using the percentages you could weigh the mixture and weigh the individual components and compare the ratios to ensure complete separation.

Michael KleinChemistry 10

Mr. Snyder10/13/09

I. Title: Constructing a Model

II. Purpose: To understand how scientists make inferences about atoms without touching or seeing them.

III. Materials: 1) Closed container, 2) Various objects (in the closed container), 3) Balance, 4) Table

IV. Procedure: 1. The analysis was started by weighing all of the closed containers and recording the masses in

grams.2. The analysis was continued by shaking and turning the closed containers to estimate the number

and kinds of objects which was recorded.3. The various containers were then opened to feel the number and kinds of objects.4. After feeling an unidentified liquid and cutting a hand on a can, the results of these new

observations were recorded.5. The final steps of the analysis were began when the different containers were opened and the

contents in a pile on the table.6. The number and kinds of objects were confirmed or denied and the results were recorded thus

concluding the experiment.

V. Data:A: Closed Container

Group Number of Objects Mass of Objects (g) Kinds of Objects1 n/a n/a n/a2 10 227 Pen/Coins/Legos3 21 225.5 Beads/Coins/Block4 9 228 Wire/Paper/Legos5 6 176 Phone/Coins/Shell

B: Open Container (no-looking)

Group Number of Objects Mass of Objects (g) Kinds of Objects1 n/a n/a n/a2 10 227 Shell/Toys3 30 225.5 Blocks/Toys/Bottle cap4 5 228 Pen/Broken-Fork/Rubber-

Band/Pencil Sharpener/Unknown Liquid

5 8 176 Phone/Shell/Rubber-Band/Coin

C: Open Container

Group Number of Objects Mass of Objects (g) Kinds of Objects1 n/a n/a n/a2 12 227 Shells/Toys/Dog tag3 17 225.5 Blocks/Toys/Bottle cap/Polly Pocket/Block4 6 228 Screwdriver/Broken-Fork/Rubber-Band/Pencil

Sharpener/Cap/String/Advil (liquid)5 8 176 Phone/Shell/Rubber-Band/Coin/Cap/Pin/Match

VI. Analysis & Conclusion Questions:1. Were you able to gather any data from the closed container? Explain: Yes. By listening to the

sound made by the objects inside when turning or shaking the container.2. How did the amount of data you collected change throughout this experiment? Why?: As the

amount of ways that the objects in the container could be observed increased, so did the amount of information that could be gathered at a specific point.

3. How is this experiment illustrative of the way scientists gather data about atoms?: The closed containers are like atoms, you know they are there and there is something in them but you are unsure of what it is. As the number of ways you could observe the contents in the container, so did the number of ways you could observe the atom. Just as the container was opened and the contents were spilled on the table for all to see, the contents of the atom were eventually seen using electron microscopes.

Michael KleinChemistry 10

Mr. Snyder10/13/09

I. Title: Comparing & Calculating Density

II. Purpose: To use the physical property of density to identify unknown substances.

III. Materials: 1) Density Blocks, 2) Beaker, 3) Water, 4) Balance

IV. Procedure: 1. The experiment was begun by filling the beaker ¾ of the way with water.2. Then one by one the Density Blocks were individually dropped into the beaker and whether it

sank or float was recorded.3. Next, each block was measured, weighed, the volume was calculated, and the results were

recorded.4. Finally the densities of the Density Blocks were compared to chart of the densities of the known

objects and the findings were recorded.

V. Data:

A:Density Blocks Prediction (sink or float) Observation (sink or float)1 float float2 float float3 sink sink4 float sink5 sink sink6 sink sink7 float float8 sink sink9 sink sink

B:Density Block

Mass (g)

Length (cm)

Width (cm)

Height (cm)

Volume (cm3)

Density (g/cm3)

Substance

1 15(.0)* 2.5 2.5 2.5 16 0.9 Oak2 8(.0)* 2.5 2.5 2.5 16 0.5 Pine3 128(.0)* 2.5 2.5 2.5 16 8(.0)* Steel

4 20(.0)* 2.5 2.5 2.5 16 1.3 Acrylic5 44.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 16 2.8 Aluminum6 144(.0)* 2.5 2.5 2.5 16 9(.0)* Copper7 13(.0)* 2.5 2.5 2.5 16 0.8 Polypropylene8 136(.0)* 2.5 2.5 2.5 16 8.5 Brass9 23(.0)* 2.5 2.5 2.5 16 1.4 PVC*The ()'s should be ignored. They were necessary because of problems with Auto-correct.

VI. Analysis & Conclusion Questions:1. If the density of water is 1.0 g/cm3, which substances were less dense than water? More dense?:

Density Block

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Less/More Dense than Water

Less Less More More More More Less More More

2. Since the volume was the same for each block, state the relationship between mass and density:Density=Mass/16 cm3

3. How did you use density to identify each unknown substance?:By comparing the densities of the unknown objects to the densities of the known substances on the chart.

4. Did the density you calculated for each block match the known density for each substance on the chart? If not account for any differences:

No. Because of the inaccuracy of the instruments used and therefore the need for estimation and few significant figures there was a degree of inaccuracy.