mwl aug 2014 draft 1a boxless mariners wx log dec2004 … · 2018-04-26 · from the editor...

MarinersMariners

WEATHER LOGWEATHER LOGVolume Volume 5858, Number 2, Number 2

AugustAugust 20142014

From the Editor

Mariners Weather LogISSN 0025-3367

U.S. Department of Commerce

Dr. Kathryn D. Sullivan

Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere & Acting

NOAA Administrator

Acting Administrator

National Weather Service

Dr. Louis Uccellini

NOAA Assistant Administrator for Weather Services

Editorial Supervisor

Paula M. Rychtar

Layout and Design

Stuart Hayes

NTSC Technical Publications Office

ARTICLES, PHOTOGRAPHS, AND LETTERS SHOULD BE SENT

TO:

Ms. Paula M. Rychtar, Editorial Supervisor

Mariners Weather Log

NDBC (W/OPS 51)

Bldg. 3203

Stennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000

Phone: (228) 688-1457 Fax: (228) 688-3923

E-Mail: [email protected]

SOME IMPORTANT WEB PAGE ADDRESSES

NOAA

http://www.noaa.gov

National Weather Service

http://www.weather.gov

National Data Buoy Center

http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov

AMVER Program

http://www.amver.com

VOS Program

http://www.vos.noaa.gov


http://www.vos.noaa.gov/mwl.shtml

Marine Dissemination

http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/home.htm

TURBOWIN e-logbook software

http://www.knmi.nl/turbowin

U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center

http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/marcomms/

See these Web pages for further links.

Greetings! Welcome to another edition of the Mariners Weather Log.

We are smack dab in the middle of hurricane season and our first

named storm of the season, Arthur, occurred on July 1st. Tropical

Storm Arthur reached hurricane strength on July 3rd off the coast of

South Carolina making for a very soggy 4th of July Independence

Day celebration. Hurricane Arthur has become the first hurricane to

make landfall in the continental U.S. since hurricane Isaac struck

Louisiana on August 28/29th in 2012. With this, I want to remind you

that your marine weather observations really do matter. The data we

receive from you gets ingested directly into the models, thus you give

the National Weather Service a much better confidence in forecasts

and analysis…thank you in advance and we count on your participa-

tion. For a full complement of hurricane information you can always

go to the National Hurricane Center. For a full explanation on how

the Climate Prediction Center in collaboration with the hurricane

experts from the National Hurricane Center and the Hurricane

Research Division produce their seasonal outlook you can go to:

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane.shtml.

The United States, Port of Miami Florida, was graced with a visit

from the Chilean Navy that arrived on the tall ship ESMERALDA.

Photographs of the Chilean tall ship ESMERALDA were taken by

our Miami PMO Dave Dellinger. Dave had the privilege of visiting

this magnificent ship and providing them with support, as they are

part of the Voluntary Observing Ship program. This ship is amazing

with the many sails on the four-masted barquentine tall ship. Chile

has proven to be very proactive with their eager participation in the

Ship Observations Team and the Voluntary Observing Ship Program.

Chile will host the International Port Meteorological Officer

Workshop in August of 2015; we look forward to this collaboration.

We have some great articles this issue and I hope you find them

informative and interesting. As always, I invite you to send in articles

and photographs to share with your shipmates and friends, and I am

always open to suggestions. Be safe and remember…only YOU know

the weather. Got Weather? Report it!!!

Cheers!

Paula

On the Cover: Chilean Navy tall ship

ESMERALDA at the Port of Miami.


Table of Contents

ESMERALDA: The White Lady, La Dama Blanc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

The National Weather Service’s Experimental National Marine Weather Web Portal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Shipwreck: LEECLIFFE HALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

On the Genesis of Extreme Waves during Hurricane Ivan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Hail and Farewell! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Departments:

Marine Weather ReviewMean Circulation Highlights and Climate Anomalies January through April 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Marine Weather Review – North Atlantic Area January through April 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Marine Weather Review – North Pacific Area September 2013 through April 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Tropical Atlantic and Tropical East Pacific Areas – January through April 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

VOS ProgramVOS Program New Recruits: March 1, 2014 through June 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

VOS Cooperative Ship Report: January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Points of Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

Volume. 58, Number 2, August 2014

4

The Chilean ship ESMERALDA is a sight tobehold. With the four-masted barquentine shipwhich has 21 sails with a total sail area of30,829 square feet, there is little wonder whythis beautiful ship got the nickname of The WhiteLady.

Construction on this ship began in Cadiz, Spainin 1946 and she was intended to becomeSpain’s national training ship, but as fate wouldhave it, that did not come to pass. The shipyardin Spain suffered catastrophic explosions duringthe ship’s construction in 1947. This event notonly damaged the ship but put the entire ship-yard under the threat of bankruptcy. In 1950Chile and Spain began negotiations; Spainoffered to repay debts incurred to Chile as aresult of the Spanish Civil War in the form ofmanufactured products. This included the not yetcompleted ESMERALDA. Chile accepted theoffer and the ownership of the ESMERALDA

was transferred to Chile in 1951.

In June of 1954, the ESMERALDA was com-plete and the society of Cadiz, Spain deliveredthe ship to the Chilean Representative,Ambassador to Spain, Oscar Salas Letelier. Theship sailed from Cadiz under the command ofCaptain Horacio CornejoTagle, bound for Las

Plamas in Gran Canaria. From there the ship traveled to New Orleans Louisiana, where a distillingplant was installed on the vessel. After New Orleans, the ESMERALDA set sail for her final destina-tion. ESMERALDA arrived at Valparaiso, Chile on the first of September where the ship was metwith much celebration.

Today, the mission of the ESMERALDA is to be the training ship for the Chilean Navy. Though shipstoday in this modern age are propelled with the latest technology and equipment, Chile has chosena sailboat to enrich the training of its officers. This ship in all its magnificent glory offers an illustriouslegacy, traditions, and experiences that only a sailboat such as the ESMERALDA can offer. Sailingon such a vessel gives the officers and midshipmen the opportunity to really know the sea, use thetools of their trade in hands on environment offering them the opportunity to experience the craft ofnaval navigation.

ESMERALDA under sail.

Courtesy of the Armada de Chile.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

ES

ME

RA

LD

A:

The W

hite

Lady,

La D

am

a B

lanca The White Lady, La Dama Blanca

Paula RychtarEditorial Supervisor


5

Each year the ESMERALDA sets sail for atraining cruise with the midshipmen and topseaman from the training school year. With this,they are given the opportunity to demonstratetheir skills and dedication towards assuming theresponsibilities of being the Representatives ofChile’s Naval Service. The ESMERALDA sailsaround the world spreading the warmth andcolor, a small piece of Chile, giving everyone ataste and insight to their country. I cannot imag-ine the majesty of this ship as it enters the portwith all the officers lining the deck and manningthe sails; it must be absolutely spectacular.

In line with Chile’s dedication and stewardshipfor the environment, the Chile Navy has formal-ly agreed to participate in the WorldMeteorological Organization (WMO) ShipObservations Team / Voluntary Observing ShipScheme and has recruited their ship theESMERALDA into this program. On her recentworldwide cruise, the ESMERALDA sailed fromCozumel, Mexico to the port of Miami, Florida.

LCDR. Alejandro de la Maza of the ValparaisoMeteorological Center (National VOS FocalPoint) contacted the U.S. VOS Program andrequested a visit to the ship by a local VOS PortMeteorological Officer. OurMiami PMO, Dave Dellingerwas more than happy to assist.Dave was able to provide VOSsupplies and assist the crewwith National Weather Servicemarine products / forecasts andcharts. Dave was also able totake great photos for this arti-cle! The ESMERALDA sentmarine shipboard observationsthroughout their cruise in effortsto support the VOS scheme.

Looking to the future, in Augustof 2015, Chile will be sponsor-ing the Voluntary ObservingShip Scheme / InternationalPort Meteorological OfficerWorkshop in Valparaiso.

Above: ESMERALDA Dockside, Port of Miami, photo by

Dave Dellinger, VOS PMO Miami.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

ES

ME

RA

LD

A:

The W

hite

Lady,

La D

am

a B

lanca

From left to right: Corporal Miguel Pulgar, the Met NCO., Dave Dellinger,

and Lieutenant Commander Patricio Acevedo, the ship's Operations

Officer.

6

The Valparaiso Meteorological Center andthe Chilean Navy are very dedicated to pro-vide support and engage in participation ofthe Ship Observations Team. I look forwardto visiting our friends and colleagues inAugust and hopefully they will offer up aride on this beautiful ship.

Chile has two other vessels participating;the Navy Oceanographic Ship CABO DE HORNOS which is operating atEaster Island and their transport vesselAQUILES which travels to Antarctica.

Tour the ESMERALDA!

ESMERALDA, Port of Miami, photos by Dave Dellinger, VOS

PMO Miami.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

ES

ME

RA

LD

A:

The W

hite

Lady,

La D

am

a B

lanca

7

The National Weather Service’s Experimental

National Marine Weather Web Portal .

David S. SorokaMarine and coastal weather services branch

Marine Program Manager

The National Weather Service’s (NWS)Experimental National Marine Weather WebPortal: preview.weather.gov/mwp providesobservations, forecasts, short and long-fusewarnings and a host of other pertinent meteoro-logical data for mariners on an ESRI / Googlebased interactive website interface for the entireUnited States including OCONUS areas.

Before the development of this portal, onlyregion-specific information on marine andcoastal conditions had been collected by, storedand disseminated from a wide range of govern-ment and academic institutions which includeda variety of information types and protocols.

The purpose of this experimental website is toprovide our customers and partners a compre-hensive web based portal to access forecasts,coastal ocean observations and monitoringactivities in one website. The multitude of layersavailable within the portal will provide a one-stop shop for all weather related needs formariners, near shore enthusiasts and coastalmanagers.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

The N

atio

nal W

eath

er

Serv

ice’s

Exp

erim

enta

l Natio

nal M

arine W

eath

er

Web P

ort

al

Gridded forecast and model data, overlaysincluding sea surface temperatures and nauticalcharts will provide users the required situationalawareness to assist them in making the bestdecisions possible. The format of the portal willallow for the integration of dynamic data setsthat will complement the standard suite of dataavailable from routine NWS products and serv-ices and present the data in both graphical andtext format.

In addition, the flexible nature of the portal willallow the developer to add further informationas the NWS expands its decision support serv-ices in the coastal arena to include more refinedinformation and both increased time and spatialresolution.

The portal supports NOAA’s Mission Goals ofServing Society's Needs for Weather and WaterInformation and Supporting the Nation'sCommerce with Information for Safe, Efficient,and Environmentally Sound Transportation andfully integrates with the Weather Ready Nationinitiative.

8

Shipwreck: LEECLIFFE HALL SANK 50

YEARS AGO By Skip Gillham

Photo: LEECHLIFFE HALL shown transiting the Welland Canal, image courtesy of Jim Kidd.

The three year old Canadian bulk carrierLEECLIFFE HALL was lost a half-century ago.It went down in the St. Lawrence River, about65 miles east of Quebec City, on September 5,1964. The inbound freighter had loaded acargo of iron ore at Sept-Iles, Quebec, andwas bound for Lackawanna, New York, when itwas struck at #1 hold by the Greek vesselAPOLLONIA. Foggy conditions prevailed atthe time.With the opening of the St. Lawrence Seawayon April 25, 1959, the nature of Great Lakesshipping changed. Larger ships could nowenter and exit the inland seas and new addi-tions to the Canadian fleet were regular occur-rences.While most of this new tonnage was built inCanada, the LEECLIFFE HALL was one of theexceptions. It was constructed by FairfieldShipbuilding and Engineering Ltd. andlaunched at Port Glasgow, Scotland, on May18, 1961.

To that date, the 730 foot long carrier was thelargest dry cargo ship built in the United Kingdom.The $5 million LEECLIFFE HALL sailed forCanada under its own power and arrived atQuebec City on August 23, 1961. After some hullstrengthening, added for the transatlantic journey,was removed, the ship was commissioned atMontreal on September 22 and set sail on itsmaiden voyage for the Hall Corporation ofCanada three days later.LEECLIFFE HALL brought a record cargo of1,030,979 bushels of mixed grain to Quebec Cityon its first trip and soon settled into regular serv-ice carrying iron ore to steel company docksaround the Great Lakes. Eastbound, the holdswere filled with various grains, much for overseasexport, for the run down the lakes and back to theSt. Lawrence. This routine carried on for the rest of the 1961season, all of 1962-1963 and up until the time ofits loss fifty years ago. It had been a profitableinvestment for the Hall fleet. A

ugust

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

S

hip

wre

ck:

LE

EC

HL

IFF

E H

AL

L

9

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

S

hip

wre

ck:

LE

EC

HL

IFF

E H

AL

L

Photo: APOLLONIA – Snell Lock – 1969, image courtesy Daniel C. McCormick

The owner, celebrating his 40th birthday theprevious day, and his family were on board,with guests, for a pleasure cruise at the timeof the accident.After the two ships collided, there was adesperate effort to beach the badly wound-ed LEECLIFFE HALL near St-Joseph-de-la-Rive, Quebec. Passengers and crew tookto the lifeboats and the tug FoundationVibert arrived at the scene to take LeecliffeHall in tow in an effort to reach safety. Thevessel had remained afloat for four hours sothree sailors decided to return to the ship topick up some personal belongings. Theywere lost when LEECLIFFE HALL suddenlysank about seven miles from the crash site.Those in the lifeboats were picked up by apassing yacht, plus two small river freightersand taken to shore.Salvage was considered, but the extent ofthe damage was significant. It was decidedto dynamite the hull to clear the area of a

hazard to navigation and this was carried out inthe summer of 1966.An inquiry found both Masters and Pilots onboard at fault for going too fast for the conditionsand being off course. All had their certificatessuspended for a period of months.Like LEECLIFFE HALL, APOLLONIA, theGreek freighter had been built overseas in 1961.It was constructed at Aioi, Japan, and was head-ed to the Atlantic at the time of the collision.Despite massive bow damage APOLLONIA

remained afloat. The ship was repaired at Levis,Quebec, and returned to service. It continued insaltwater trading until being scrapped atShanghai, China, under a third name of MAYFAIR in 1985.

On the Genesis of Extreme Waves during

Hurricane Ivan

Professor S. A. Hsu, Louisiana State University,email: [email protected]

About a decade ago in September 2004, Hurricane Ivan (Figure 1) produced an extreme significantwave height (Hs) greater than 21 m (69 ft) (Wang et al., 2005). While there were at least 5 NationalData Buoy Center (NDBC) Buoys in the vicinity of Ivan track (Figure 2), only station 42040 meas-ured the maximum significant wave height (Hsmax) of approximately 16m. The purpose of this briefnote is to provide an explanation of the existence of Hsmax = 21m. According to Hurricane IvanAdvisory number 54A issued by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) at 23Z on September 15 (SeeFigure 2 at 16/00Z, which was close to Buoy 42040), the minimum sea-level pressure = 931 hPa,maximum sustained wind = 135 mph (60 m/s), and tropical storm force wind extend up to 290 miles(467 km).

10

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

On t

he G

enesi

s of

Ext

rem

e W

ave

s during H

urr

icane I

van

Figure 1. Hurricane Ivan over the northern Gulf of Mexico on September 15, 2004,

(http://catalog.data.gov/dataset/hurricane-ivan-poster-september-15-2004)

Now, substituting these values into the equation as follows (for derivation, see Hsu, 2014, Equation(6)):

Hsmax = 0.016* Vmax*(R34kt) 0.5

= 0.016 *60* (467)0.5

= 21 m

11

This result is consistent with that suggested by Wang et al. (2005). It is concluded that althoughthere are wave measurements by NDBC, among others, it is only fortuitous to measure the Hsmax.However, on the basis of NHC’s advisory once every 6 hours (or more frequent as necessary), onecan estimate the potential Hsmax as presented above. In addition, numerical simulations similar toHurricane Katrina (see Wang and Oey, 2008 ) can be employed.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

On t

he G

enesi

s of

Ext

rem

e W

ave

s during H

urr

icane I

van

Figure 2. Ivan’s track over the Gulf of Mexico and its maximum significant wave heights measured at 5

NDBC buoys. For the entire track history (see www.nhc.noaa.gov).

References:

Hsu, S. A. (2014), Practical Formulas for estimating winds and waves during a tropical cyclone,Mariners Weather Log, Vol.58, No.1, pp.24-28. AvailableOnline at www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/201404/MWL_0414.pdf.

Wang, D.W., D.A. Mitchell, W.J. Teague, E. Jarosz and M.S. Hulbert (2005), Extreme waves underHurricane Ivan, Science, 309, 896.

Wang, D.-P., and L.-Y. Oey (2008), Hindcast of waves and currents in Hurricane Katrina, Bulletin ofAmerican Meteorological Society, 89(4), 487-495.

It is with a bit of sadness that we will be saying good-bye to John Wasserman the Program Manager for theU.S. VOS program. John was such an asset to VOS,he will be truly missed. With other irons in the fire, Johnhas decided to take another position within the NationalData Buoy Center working with DART Buoys; a muchneeded position to be filled here at the NDBC and onethat should be a great fit for John. As we say farewellto John and good luck in your new position, we will sayHAIL to VOS’s new program manager, Steve Pritchett.Steve brings a lot of experience with him as he hasbeen involved for over the past 20 years at NWS head-quarters in managing and working in a number ofnational programs, such as VOS. This comes afternearly 20 years of working in the field. So it is withgreat pleasure that I introduce to you and welcomeSteve to the Voluntary Observing Ship Program family.

Hail and Farewell!

Paula RychtarEditorial Supervisor


12

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Hail

and F

are

well!

Steve Pritchett, VOS

Program Manager

13

Mean Circulation Highlights and

Climate AnomaliesJanuary through April 2014

Anthony Artusa, Meteorologist, Operations Branch,Climate Prediction Center NCEP/NWS/NOAA

All anomalies reflect departures fromthe 1981-2010 base period.January-February 2014

The mid-tropospheric circulation during Januaryfeatured a persistent zonal wave 2 pattern. Thispattern included a strong ridge in western NorthAmerica and another over most of Greenlandand Scandinavia. It also included a moderatelystrong trough which extended from central Asiato the eastern North Pacific, and another extend-ing from the eastern contiguous U.S. across farsouthern Greenland to Europe Figure 1. Thesea level pressure (SLP) pattern broadly resem-bles the 500 hPa pattern, with several key fea-tures being the Aleutian and Icelandic LowsFigure 2.

The 500-hPa circulation during February fea-tured above average heights over much of thewestern North Pacific, the central North Atlantic,and western Russia, and below average heightsacross much of North America, the high latitudesof the North Atlantic, and central Russia Figure

3. As was the case with January, the FebruarySLP pattern broadly resembled its correspon-ding 500-hPa pattern, with an unusually deepIcelandic low again being a major feature of themonthly climate Figure 4.

According to the National Climatic Data Center,many locations throughout the Midwest experi-enced their top 10 coldest winter, while Detroithad its snowiest winter on record. Persistentcold during winter caused 91 percent of theGreat Lakes to be frozen by early March, thesecond largest ice cover on record. In contrast,California had its warmest and third driest winteron record, very low snowpack, and large precipi-tation deficits. Reference 1.

Caption for 500 hPa Heights and Anomalies: Figures 1,3,5,7Northern Hemisphere mean and anomalous 500-hPa geopotential height (CDAS/Reanalysis).Mean heights are denoted by solid contours drawn at an interval of 6 dam. Anomaly contourinterval is indicated by shading. Anomalies are calculated as departures from the 1981-2010

base period monthly means.

Caption for Sea-Level Pressure and Anomaly: Figures 2,4,6,8 Northern Hemisphere meanand anomalous sea level pressure (CDAS/Reanalysis). Mean values are denoted by solidcontours drawn at an interval of 4 hPa. Anomaly contour interval is indicated by shading.Anomalies are calculated as departures from the 1981-2010 base period monthly means.

1

2

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Mean C

ircu

latio

n H

ighlig

hts

and C

limate

Anom

alie

s

14

The Tropics

Sea surface temperatures (SST) remainednear average across the central and easternequatorial Pacific in January and below aver-age across the eastern Pacific in February.The latest monthly Nino index for the Nino 3.4region was -0.5C (January) and -0.6C(February). The depth of the oceanic thermo-cline (measured by the depth of the 20Cisotherm) remained close to average acrossthe central and east-central equatorial Pacific(January), and slightly below average acrossthe eastern Pacific (February).

Equatorial low level easterly trade windsremained near average across the central andeastern equatorial Pacific in both January andFebruary, and below average over the westernPacific (February). Tropical convectionremained enhanced over the western Pacific,and suppressed over the central equatorialPacific and western Indonesia (February).Collectively, these oceanic and atmosphericanomalies reflect ongoing ENSO-neutral con-ditions.

March - April 2014

The 500-hPa circulation pattern during Marchfeatured below-average heights over easternCanada, the high latitudes of the NorthAtlantic, and northwestern Russia, andabove-average heights over the central NorthAtlantic, Europe, eastern Asia, and northernAlaska and the Beaufort Sea Figure 5. TheSLP and Anomaly map for March depictsabnormally low sea level pressure in north-western Russia and much ofGreenland/Iceland Figure 6.

The month of April was characterized bybelow average 500-hPa heights over the cen-tral North Pacific, central Canada, and thepolar region, and above average heights overEurope and eastern Asia Figure 7. The mostpronounced features on the SLP andAnomaly map included abnormally low SLPover much of far northern Russia and theAsian side of the Arctic Ocean, the northernNorth Pacific and Bering Sea, and middle andhigh latitudes of the North Atlantic Figure 8.

Caption for 500 hPa Heights and Anomalies: Figures 1,3,5,7Northern Hemisphere mean and anomalous 500-hPa geopotential height (CDAS/Reanalysis). Mean heights are denoted by solid contours drawn at an interval of 6 dam. Anomaly contour

interval is indicated by shading. Anomalies are calculated as departures from the 1981-2010 base period monthly means.

Caption for Sea-Level Pressure and Anomaly: Figures 2,4,6,8 Northern Hemisphere mean and anomalous sea level pressure (CDAS/Reanalysis). Mean values are denoted by solid contoursdrawn at an interval of 4 hPa. Anomaly contour interval is indicated by shading. Anomalies are calculated as departures from the 1981-2010 base period monthly means.

3 4

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Mean C

ircu

latio

n H

ighlig

hts

and C

limate

Anom

alie

s

15

According to the National Climatic Data Center, a selection of significant weather related eventsfor the March-April period included the coldest March on record for Vermont (5C below aver-age), nearly two-thirds of the Great Lakes remained frozen by early April (impacting commercialshipping), and rains in the Pacific Northwest helped trigger a landslide near Oso, WA, causingat least 30 fatalities Reference 2. Alaska was warm and dry in April, contributing to the 6thsmallest April snow cover extent on record for the state Reference 3.

The Tropics

ENSO-neutral conditions persisted through March and April 2014. Sea surface temperatures(SST) were below average across the eastern equatorial Pacific and above average over the

Caption for 500 hPa Heights and Anomalies: Figures 1,3,5,7Northern Hemisphere mean and anomalous 500-hPa geopotential height (CDAS/Reanalysis). Mean heights are denoted by solid contours drawn at an interval of 6 dam. Anomaly contour

interval is indicated by shading. Anomalies are calculated as departures from the 1981-2010 base period monthly means.

Caption for Sea-Level Pressure and Anomaly: Figures 2,4,6,8 Northern Hemisphere mean and anomalous sea level pressure (CDAS/Reanalysis). Mean values are denoted by solid contoursdrawn at an interval of 4 hPa. Anomaly contour interval is indicated by shading. Anomalies are calculated as departures from the 1981-2010 base period monthly means.

5 6

7 8

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Mean C

ircu

latio

n H

ighlig

hts

and C

limate

Anom

alie

s

16

References:

1. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/2014/2 (February)2. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/2014/3 (March)3. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/2014/4 (April)

Much of the information used in this article originates from the Climate Diagnostics Bulletinarchive:(http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/CDB/CDB_Archive_html/CDB_archive.shtml)

Caption for 500 hPa Heights and Anomalies: Figures 1,3,5,7Northern Hemisphere mean and anomalous 500-hPa geopotential height (CDAS/Reanalysis).Mean heights are denoted by solid contours drawn at an interval of 6 dam. Anomaly contourinterval is indicated by shading. Anomalies are calculated as departures from the 1981-2010base period monthly means.

Caption for Sea-Level Pressure and Anomaly: Figures 2,4,6,8 Northern Hemisphere mean andanomalous sea level pressure (CDAS/Reanalysis). Mean values are denoted by solid contoursdrawn at an interval of 4 hPa. Anomaly contour interval is indicated by shading. Anomalies arecalculated as departures from the 1981-2010 base period monthly means.

central Pacific (March), and above average across much of the eastern and central equatorialPacific (April). The latest monthly Nino indices for the Nino 3.4 region were -0.2C (March) and+0.2C (April). A down welling oceanic Kelvin wave produced a significant subsurface warmingacross the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during March and April, and the depth of theoceanic thermocline (20C isotherm) was above average across the central and eastern equatorialPacific. Equatorial low-level easterly trade winds were below average across the Pacific (March)and near-average (April). Tropical convection remained enhanced over the central equatorialPacific and suppressed across Indonesia and the western Pacific (March), and enhanced over thewest-central equatorial Pacific (April).

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

ean C

ircu

latio

n H

ighlig

hts

and C

limate

Anom

alie

s

17

Marine Weather Review – North Atlantic AreaJanuary to April 2014

By George P. BancroftOcean Forecast Branch, Ocean Prediction Center, College Park, MD

NOAA National Center for Environmental Prediction

Introduction

The winter months of Januaryand February were a continua-tion of December 2013’s activepattern as a series of deepcyclones developed whiletracking northeast across theNorth Atlantic toward theBritish Isles and Iceland, withone very deep low turningnorth into the Davis Strait,early in January. During lateFebruary and especially inMarch and April, blocking highpressure became more fre-quent over the North Atlanticor at high latitudes, causingsome of the cyclones to initial-ly strengthen rapidly over thesouthwestern waters, off theU.S. East Coast, before mov-ing out over the North Atlanticwhere some stalled or movederratically. During the fourmonth period twenty-threelows developed hurricaneforce winds detected by satel-lite, conventional surfaceobservations, or model data.Seven of these occurred inJanuary, followed by ten inFebruary, five in March andone in April. According to astudy based on QuikSCATwinds (VonAhn andSienkiewicz, 2005), the peakfrequency of such cycloneshas been found to occur inJanuary. Eight cyclones devel-oped central pressures below

950 hPa, including three inJanuary with central pressuresin the 930s. There was no trop-ical activity to report during thisperiod.

Significant Events of the

Period

North Atlantic Storm,

January 1-3:

The first and weaker of twohurricane force cyclones thatfollowed similar tracks duringthe first week of January origi-nated near the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast on December 3stand intensified into a stormover the central North Atlanticwaters on the afternoon ofJanuary 1st. The cyclonedeveloped hurricane forcewinds the following night andthen a lowest central pressureof 951 hPa west of Irelandnear 54N 13W at 0000 UTC onthe 3rd. Buoy 62023 (51.4N7.9W) reported southwestwinds of 58 kts with gusts to71 kts and 8.5 m seas (28 ft)at 1500 UTC on the 3rd, andone hour later a gust of 76 ktsand 10.0 m seas (33 ft). TheSHIP BAREU12 (51N 30W)reported northwest winds of 50kts and 5.2 m seas (17 ft) at1800 UTC on the 2nd. TheMaersk Ohio (KABP) encoun-tered west winds of 45 kts and7.6 m seas (25 ft) near

52N 43W one hour earlier. Thecyclone then weakened to agale while passing north of theBritish Isles late on the 3rd.The second part of Figure 1

shows the weakening lowpassing east of Iceland on the4th.


January 3-6:

The development of the deep-est cyclone of the period isdepicted in Figure 1. The com-plex area of low pressure nearthe U.S. East Coast consolidat-ed into a hurricane force lowwith a central pressure as lowas 933 hPa over the centralNorth Atlantic over a two dayperiod. The period of mostrapid intensification included adrop of 42 hPa in the 24 hourperiod ending at 1200 UTCJanuary 4th. This is well abovethe 24 hPa needed for a“bomb” at 60N (Sanders andGyakum, 1980). Figure 2 is aninfrared satellite image of thestorm taken 0715 UTC on the5th revealing an expansivemature cloud pattern withbroad cold topped frontalbands. The central pressurewas only beginning to increaseby this time. The image alsoincludes two satellite altimeterpasses cutting across the southside of the cyclone, revealingseas as high as 18 m (59 ft).

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

18

The scatterometer image inFigure 3 shows a large swathof 50 kts to as high as 80 ktswinds on the southwest side ofthe cyclone, which was cen-tered near the northeast cornerof the image at this time andwas approaching maximumintensity. Some notable surfaceobservations taken in thisstorm are listed in Table 1.Hurricane force winds with thissystem persisted into the nightof the 5th. Winds weakened togale force as the centerpassed northwest of the BritishIsles on the afternoon of the8th and to below gale force asthe center passed east ofIceland on the 8th.

Northwestern Atlantic Storm,

January 6-8:

A primary strong low pressuresystem tracked northwardinland over Quebec as a sec-ondary low formed on the“triple point” where the occlud-ed front, cold and warm frontsmeet, as shown in Figure 4.The second part of Figure 4

shows the secondary low atmaximum intensity as the pri-

period, continued with moregradual strengthening over thecentral waters where it devel-oped hurricane force winds onthe 11th and early on the 12th. An ASCAT pass from 1227UTC on the 12th revealed aswath of west winds 50 to 60kts on the south side of thecyclone, which passed near57N 24W with a lowest centralpressure of 959 hPa near thistime. The Atlantic Companion

(SKPE) reported northwestwinds of 55 kts near 56N 34Wat 0600 UTC on the 12th. Thecyclone weakened late on the12th and the 13th beforebecoming absorbed by anotherlow south of Iceland late on the13th.


January 11-14:

Another cyclone followed closebehind the preceding event,tracking across southernQuebec and Labrador late onJanuary 11th and the 12th withcentral pressure already in theupper 970 hPa and stormforce winds. It passed offshoreon the 13th and briefly devel-A

ugust

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Table 1. Selected ship, buoy and platform observations taken during the North Atlantic storm of January 3-

6, 2014.

mary low to the southwestdissipates. An OSCAT scat-terometer pass (Figure 5)returned winds as high as 75kts in the southeast flowbetween the occluded front andthe southwest Greenlandcoast, in an area where thereis little ship data. To the south,Hibernia Platform (VEP717,46.7N 48.7W) reported southwinds of 60 kts at 1500 UTCon the 7th (anemometer height139 m). Buoy 44139 (44.2N57.1W) at 0200 UTC on the 8threported west winds of 37 ktswith gusts to 47 kts and 6.0 mseas (20 ft), and seven hourslater seas of 9.0 m (30 ft). Thecyclone subsequently weak-ened to a gale by early on the8th while making a cyclonicloop and then moved norththrough the Davis Strait on the9th.


January 10-13:

Low pressure formed about300 nm southeast of CapeRace 0000 UTC January 10thand, after initially deepening by32 hPa in the first 24 hour

19

oped hurricane force winds lateon the 13th, when an ASCAT(METOP-B) pass from 2114UTC on the 13th revealednortheast winds 50 to 60 kts onthe north side as the centerpassed south of Greenland.The cyclone center passednear 57N 26W with a lowestcentral pressure of 963 hPa at1800 UTC on the 14th beforetracking east-southeast towardGreat Britain, where it dissipat-ed late on the 16th.


January 22-26:

Low pressure originating nearthe North Carolina coast at1800 UTC on January 21st ini-tially rapidly developed overthe southwest waters beforedeveloping into a hurricaneforce storm south of Greenlandas depicted in Figure 6. Thecentral pressure fell 29 hPa inthe twenty four hour periodending at 0000 UTC on the23rd. Buoy 44251 (46.4N53.4W) reported west winds 45kts with gusts to 56 kts and10.0 m seas (33 ft) at 1300UTC on the 23rd. Buoy 44139(44.2N 57.1W) reported south-west winds of 49 kts with guststo 66 kts and 7.0 m seas (23 ft)at 0500 UTC on the 23rd, and10.0 m seas (33 ft) two hourslater. The Henry Goodrich

platform (YJQN7, 47.5N48.0W, anemometer height 90m) reported southwest winds of94 kts while Hibernia

(VEP717, 46.7N 48.7W) andTerra Nova FPSO (VCXF,46.4N 48.4W) encounteredsouthwest winds 84 kts and 56kts, respectively three hours

later. Anemometer elevationsaccount for differences inwinds, with Hibernia highest at139 m. The ASCAT-B image inFigure 7 shows a swath ofsouthwest winds 50 to 60 ktson the south side of thecyclone near 57N 40W at thattime. The cyclone developed alowest central pressure of 948hPa as it approached Icelandlate on the 24th before turningtoward the southwest andbecoming absorbed on the26th.


January 29-February 2:

Low pressure moved off thesoutheast U.S. coast early onJanuary 28th, passed south ofthe Canadian Atlanticprovinces as a gale late on the28th and 29th and then rapidlyintensified in the following thir-ty-six hour period as depictedin Figure 8. At 938 hPa, thecyclone became the seconddeepest of the period and thethird low of the month withpressures in the 930 hPa’s.The central pressure fell 44hPa in the 24 hour period end-ing at 0600 UTC on the 31st.The infrared satellite image inFigure 9 shows the cyclone atmaximum intensity with anintense circulation involvingwell defined frontal featureswith great vertical extent (coldcloud tops). Hurricane forcewinds with this system lastedfrom late on the 30th throughthe night of the 31st with a highresolution ASCAT image fromnear 1200 UTC on the 31streturning winds of 50 to 70 ktsaround the south and west

sides similar to Figure 17 forthe February 12-15 event. AJason-2 pass taken during thefollowing night over the southside of the low (Figure 10)returned wave heights as highas 19 m (63 ft). Buoy 62023(51.4N 7.9W) reported westwinds of 60 kts and 7.6 m seas(25 ft) at 1000 UTC February1st and four hours later seasof 8.8 m (29 ft). Buoy 62163(47.5N 8W) reported seas ashigh as 11.9 m (39 ft) at 2000UTC on the 1st. The cyclonethen passed over the BritishIsles before turning north andmoving through the NorwegianSea as a gale on the 2nd.

Eastern North Atlantic Storm,

February 3-5:

The next development followeda similar track and was almostas deep, taking three days totrack from the North Carolinacoast to the British Isles, withFigure 11 showing the low atmaximum intensity approach-ing Ireland. Like its predeces-sor it deepened by 44 hPa in a24 hour period prior to reach-ing maximum intensity. AnASCAT-B high-resolution passfrom 1208 UTC on the 4threturned a swath of winds 50 to70 kts around the south andsouthwest sides. The St. Louis

Express (WDD3825) near 51N13W reported northwest windsof 55 kts and 9.4 m seas (31 ft)at 0500 UTC on the 5th. Buoy62163 (47.5N 8.4W) reportedsouth winds of 44 kts and 7.5m seas (25 ft) at 1400 UTC onthe 4th, and highest seas 13.5m (44 ft) at 0500 UTC on the5th. Buoy 62023 (51.4N 7.9W)came in with southeast windsA

ugust

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

20

at 58kts with gusts to 71 ktsand 5.5 m seas (18 ft) at 1700UTC on the 4th, and ten hourslater with 9.5 m seas (31 ft).The system then weakenedwhile crossing the British Isleswith its winds dropping tobelow gale force on the 6theast of Iceland.


February 4-7:

Low pressure formed near theU.S. mid-Atlantic coast on theafternoon of the 3rd and fol-lowed a more southern trackas depicted in Figure 11 andFigure 12. It briefly developedhurricane force winds with a974 hPa central pressure lateon the 5th just prior to theFigure 12 map time. ASCATimagery from 1233 UTC on the5th revealed a small area of 50kts to as high as 65 kts aroundthe west semicircle of the low.The Federal Tambo (V7YW3)reported northwest winds of 50kts and 7.3 m seas (24 ft) near40N 23W at 2300 UTC on the5th. The St. Louis Express

(WDD3825) encountered westwinds of 45 kts and 9.4 m seas(31 ft) near 45N 23W 19 hourslater. The cyclone then turnedtoward the northeast andweakened, with Figure 13

showing it inland over southernNorway.


February 5-9:

Figures 12 and 13 show thenext developing hurricane forcelow moving from south ofNewfoundland to the eastern

waters off Ireland over a 36hour period. Six hours later itdeveloped a lowest centralpressure of 941 hPa. The cen-tral pressure fell 40 hPa in the24 hour period ending at 0000UTC on the 7th. The ASCAT-Bimage in Figure 14 revealswinds as high as 80 kts on thesouthwest side of the low cen-ter which is near the passedge. The Atlantic Conveyor

(SCKM) near 54N 26W report-ed northwest winds of 60 ktsand 5.5 m seas (18 ft) at 0000UTC on the 8th. The St. Louis

Express (WDD3825) near 42N27W encountered southwestwinds of 50 kts and 10.7 mseas (35 ft) at 0700 UTC onthe 7th, and four hours laterthe same ship reported seas of13.4 m (44 ft) near 42N 27W.Buoy 62023 (51.4N 7.9W)reported west winds of 60 ktswith gusts to 75 kts and 10.5m (34 ft) at 1500 UTC on the8th, followed by a peak gust79 kts one hour later and high-est seas of 12.0 m (39 ft) at1900 UTC on the 8th. Thecyclone weakened as itcrossed the British Isles andpassed north of the islands asa gale on the 9th.

Northeastern Atlantic Storm,

February 11-13:

The next event consisted oflow pressure tracking east-northeast from New Englandbut not rapidly intensifying untilit passed east of 35W, when itdeepened by 41 hPa in the 24hour period ending at 1200Figure 15 shows the cyclonenear maximum intensity on the

coast of Ireland. UTC February12th. The Norfolk Express

(ZCEI6) near 47N 17W report-ed west winds of 55 kts and8.5 m seas (28 ft) at 0400UTC on the 12th, followedthree hours later with a reportof seas 10.7 m (35 ft) near47N 19W. The buoy reportfrom 62023 (51.4N 7.9W)stands out among the others inthe area. It reported westwinds of 68 kts with gusts to96 kts and 10.0 m seas (33 ft)at 1300 UTC on the 12th, fol-lowed one hour later by areport of seas 11.5 m (38 ft).The cyclone weakened as itpassed north of Scotland(Figure 16), with its windsdiminishing to below gale forceon the 14th.


February 12-15:

Figures 15 and 16 show thenext developing hurricaneforce low following closebehind its predecessor. It origi-nated off the southeast U.S.coast late on the 11th and wasof similar intensity, reaching955 hPa over the British Isles.The ASCAT-B image in Figure

17 shows strong support forhurricane force winds giventhe presence of wide spreadwinds of 55 to 60 kts aroundthe south and west sides ofthe cyclone and low bias of thewinds at high wind speeds.The Southern Horizon

(WDE9588) reported south-west winds of 45 kts and 8.5 mseas (28 ft) near 38N 19W at0000 UTC on the 14th. Buoy62023 (51.4N 7.9W) reportedwest winds of 50 kts with gusts

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

21

to 61 kts and 8.0 m seas (26ft) at 0100 UTC on the 15thand highest seas 9.0 m (30 ft)one hour later. Buoy 62163(47.5N 8.4W) reported highestseas of 13.5 m (44 ft) at 1500UTC on the 15th. The cyclonepassed north of the BritishIsles on the 15th where its topwinds weakened to gale force,and then moved inland oversouthern Norway by the 16th.

Western North Atlantic

Storm, February 13-16:

Strong high pressure movedout over the Atlantic by themiddle of the month, leading tothe next developing low to takea more northern track alongthe coast before moving outover the North Atlantic(Figures 15 and 16). Thecyclone developed hurricaneforce winds as it moved intothe Atlantic provinces ofCanada, detected by a NOAAP3 aircraft near 42N 62W (E-mail communication, Ref. 6)and also by OceanSAT-2(OSCAT) data from 0236 UTCon the 15th. The Amanda

(9HA3164) near 37N 64Wencounterd southwest winds of50 kts and 10.7 m seas (35 ft)at 0000 UTC on the 15th. 12hours later Hibernia Platform

(VEP717, 46.7N 48.7W)reported southwest winds of78 kts at an elevation of 139m, while Terra Nova FPSO

(VCXF, 46.4N 48.4W) encoun-tered southwest winds of 62kts. The cyclone developed alowest central pressure of 963hPa near 53N 50W at 1200UTC on the 15th before begin-ning to weaken and turn east

along 55N. The low dissipatedover Great Britain on the 18th.

North Atlantic Storms,

February 15-20:

This developing cyclone initiallyfollowed a track similar to thepreceding event, with the lowpressure area developingstorm force winds while pass-ing near New England late onthe 15th and briefly developinghurricane force winds whilepassing through the Gulf of St.Lawrence on the afternoon ofthe 16th with the central pres-sure down to 964 hPa. TheSHIP H3VU (34N 77W) report-ed west winds of 55 kts and6.4 m seas (21 ft) at 1800 UTCon the 15th. Hibernia Platform

(VEP717) reported southwestwinds of 78 kts at 1200 UTCon the 17th. Buoy 44141 (43.0N 58.0W)reported southwest winds of 49kts with gusts to 62 kts and 7.5m seas (25 ft) at 1600 UTC onthe 16th, and highest seas12.5 m (41 ft) three hours later.The system weakened to agale in the Labrador Sea onthe 18th and stalled, but as thecyclone’s occluded frontapproached Greenland it brieflydeveloped hurricane forcewinds near the Greenlandcoast the following night.Meanwhile a new low centerformed well to the south near45N 43W at 0600 UTC on the18th and moved northeasttoward Iceland, developing acentral pressure down to 960hPa near 61N 28W at 1200UTC on the 19th and absorb-ing the old cyclone.

It briefly developed hurricaneforce winds in the easterly flowas its front approached Icelandon the 19th, as an ASCAT-Bpass from 1238 UTC on the19th showed east winds to 55kts just south of Iceland. Thislow in turn became absorbedby another low developing andpassing east of the island onthe 21st.

North Atlantic Storms,

February 23-27:

Low pressure originating nearthe New England coast late onthe 21st moved across theAtlantic provinces of Canadathe next day and then movedout over the North Atlantic onthe 23rd. It briefly developedhurricane force winds on the24th with a 964 hPa center(Figure 18) before weakeningand passing north of Scotlandearly on the 26th (Figure 18).An ASCAT-A image for 1237UTC on the 24th revealedwest winds 50 to 60 kts on thesouth side of the center. Atthat time a new and strongerhurricane force cycloneappears south of Greenlandwith a lowest central pressureof 948 hPa (Figure 18). It orig-inated near the southern NewEngland coast late on the23rd, and its central pressuredropped 40 hPa in the 24 hourperiod ending at 1800 UTC onthe 25th. The ASCAT-B imagein Figure 19 returned winds ashigh as 60 kts south of thecenter but with limited cover-age which may miss thestrongest winds especially onthe north side. In the firststorm, the Mekhanik Kovtun

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

22

(UHSY) near 50N 16W report-ed southwest winds of 50 ktsat 1800 UTC on the 24th. TheOriana (ZCDU9) reported westwinds 30 kts but with 14.0 mseas (46 ft) near 45N 9Weighteen hours later. Buoy62023 (51.4N 7.9W) reportedsouth winds 43 kts with guststo 53 kts and 5.0 m seas (16ft) at 1800 UTC on the 24thand a peak gust of 63 kts onehour later, and highest seas8.0 m (26 ft) at 0900 UTC onthe 25th. The stronger cyclonesubsequently drifted northeastinto the east Greenland waterslate on the 27th with windsweakening to gale force, andthen dissipated by March 1st.

Far Eastern Atlantic Storm,

February 27-28:

A small but potent cyclonemoved through the southernparts of Ireland and Englandon the 27th and 28th andaffected adjacent waters. Itoriginated near the island ofNewfoundland early on the26th and reached the BritishIsles in less than two days.The center developed a lowestcentral pressure of 984 hPanear 52N 7W at 0000 UTC onthe 28th. The Hong Kong

Express (DJAZ2) near 49N5W encountered west winds of50 kts at 0000 UTC on the28th. Buoy 62107 (50.1N6.1W) reported northwestwinds of 50 kts with gusts to72 kts and 9.0 m seas (30 ft)five hours later. Buoy 62023(51.4N 7.9W) reported north-west winds of 55 kts with guststo 68 kts and 6.4 m seas (21ft) at 0300 UTC on the 28th.

The cyclone then weakened inthe southern North Sea late onthe 28th.


February 28-March 3:

This cyclone originating southof Nova Scotia late onFebruary 27th and developedhurricane force winds over thenorth central waters on March1st and 2nd with a centralpressure as low as 964 hPabefore turning toward thesoutheast and weakening overthe southern British Isles lateon the 3rd. An ASCAT-B passfrom 1329 UTC March 1stshowed a swath of west tosouthwest winds 50 to 65 ktssouth of the center. The SHIP

BATEU06 (49N 11W) reportedsouthwest winds of 50 kts at2200 UTC on the 2nd. TheMaersk Semarang (LXSR)near 45N 9W encounteredwest winds of 45 kts and 10.7m seas (35 ft) at 0600 UTC onthe 3rd. Seven hours later theSigas Silvia (S6ES6) reportednorthwest winds 35 kts and14.0 m seas (46 ft).

North Atlantic Storm, March

6-9:

This rapidly developingcyclone moved from off thesoutheast U.S. coast on the4th northeast to Iceland anddeveloped storm force or high-er winds over the central andnortheast Atlantic waters.Figure 20 shows the period ofmost rapid intensification ofthis system, when the centralpressure dropped 47 hPa in 24hours.

The central pressure reached946 hPa as the center passednear 59N 23W 1200 UTC onthe 8th. An ASCAT-A pass at2158 UTC on the 7th returnednumerous wind barbs in the 50to 75 kts range and isolated 80kts in the south semicircle ofthe cyclone. Some notableship and buoy observationstaken in this event are listed inTable 2. The cyclone began toweaken and passed northeastof Iceland early on the 9th.

North Atlantic Storm, March

8-10:

This event originated as anarea of low pressure in thenortheast Gulf of Mexico onMarch 6th (Figure 20). Thecyclone developed storm forcewinds south of the CanadianAtlantic provinces on the 8thand hurricane force windswhen passing betweenGreenland and Iceland on the10th, when the central pres-sure reached 953 hPa. AnASCAT image from 2100 UTCon the 10th revealed 50 to 60kts winds in the southwest flowas the low passes to the north.The cyclone passed north ofIceland shortly thereafter.


Greenland Area,

March 24-27:

Figure 21 depicts low pres-sure approaching Greenland inthe first part of Figure 21 andpassing east of Greenland inthe second part with hurricaneforce winds. This is an effect ofGreenland tending to inducelow pressure trough on its east

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Table 2. Selected ship and buoy observations taken during the North Atlantic storm of March 6-9,

2014.

or lee side after a cyclonepasses to the east andenhancing the pressure gradi-ent near the southern tip ofGreenland. The low originatedsouth of Nova Scotia near 40Non the afternoon of the 23rd.This cyclone then passedbetween Greenland andIceland on the 27th.

Southwestern Atlantic

Storm, March 25-28:

This event was the most sig-nificant of the period in thesouthwestern waters, an areaof high traffic off the U.S. EastCoast. It originated as a waveof low pressure in the Gulf ofMexico on the 24th andFigure 21 depicts the rapid ini-tial intensification over 24hours, when the pressuredropped 46 hPa. The 500 mbanalysis (Figure 22) taken inthe middle of this rapid deep-ening shows a high amplitudeshort wave trough developing

negative tilt, associated withthe surface low, and supportedby a 500 hPa wind maximum.This is a favorable setup forintensification (Reference 5).The central pressure reachedas low as 955 hPa six hourslater. The ASCAT-B image inFigure 23 shows extensivecoverage of storm force orgreater wind barbs with thehighest winds showing up asred on the southwest and westsides with winds to 75 ktsappearing in a zoomed in ver-sion of the imagery. There wasa report from Canada of peakwave heights at the buoy44141 (43.0N 58.0W) of 29.3m (96 ft) (E-mail communica-tion, Ref. 7). The cyclone sub-sequently moved north into theLabrador Sea and sloweddown while weakening to agale early on the 29th.Selected observations taken inthis storm are listed in Table 3(next page).

Northwestern Atlantic Storm,

April 9-10:

This short lived event originat-ed as low pressure inland oversouthern Quebec on the after-noon of April 8th. The lowemerged over the northernLabrador Sea and becamequite intense with a centralpressure down to 964 hPa at0600 UTC on the 10th. ASCATdata was not available on thewest side with sea ice cover-age over the area but ASCATwinds were 30 to 45 kts on theeast and southeast sides ofthe low. The Antwerpen

Express (DGAF) near 42N52W and the Integrity

(WDC6925) near 41N 57Wboth reported southwest windsof 50 kts at 0600 UTC on the10th with the latter vessel alsoreporting seas of 8.2 m (27 ft).The cyclone then weakenedand moved north through theDavis Strait on the 11th.

23

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

24

North Atlantic Storm, April

20-22:

Developing low pressuremoved off the southeast U.S.coast early on April 17th andrapidly intensified after pass-ing the island ofNewfoundland (Figure 24).The central pressure fell 37hPa in the 24 hour period end-ing at 1800 UTC on the 20th.The cyclone attained a lowestcentral pressure of 966 hPa12 hours later. ASCAT-A datafor 1930 UTC on the 18thshowed west to northwestwinds of 50 kts at the edge ofthe data free swath at the cen-ter of the pass, with the passlikely missing the highestwinds. The cyclone thenturned east and slowed whiledrifting along 55N and weak-ening, and became absorbedby another cyclone passing tothe south on the 25th.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Table 3. Selected ship, buoy and platform observations taken during the southwestern Atlantic storm of

March 25-28, 2014.

Gale off the U.S. East Coast,

April 26-29:

Figure 25 depicts a small andcompact gale force low south-east of Nantucket. It formed ona front over the mid-Atlanticstates 24 hours prior and rapid-ly developed offshore. Figure25 shows it with its lowest cen-tral pressure. A NOAAFisheries vessel, the Gordon

Gunter (WTEO), sent anaccount of fast changing condi-tions experienced while work-ing 80 nmi from Nantucket.Conditions went from 30 ktsand 3 m seas (10 ft) to 60-65kts sustained winds with guststo 110 and seas building to 7-9m seas (25-30 ft) with wavesas high as 12 m (40 ft) andnear zero visibility within anhour. The heavy weather lastedtwo hours.

The 25-km ASCAT-A image inFigure 26 shows just 50 ktsnear the center with directionsappearing to be off. ASCAT ischallenged by the scale andsuch smaller lows are a mys-tery prediction wise (E-mailcommunication, Ref. 8). Thecyclone subsequently driftednortheast with a slow weaken-ing trend and made a cyclonicloop near 42N 60W late on the27th and on the 28th beforemoving southeast and becom-ing absorbed by a new lowforming to the northeast late onthe 29th.

25

Figure 1. OPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis charts valid 1800 UTC January 2 (Part 2 – west) and 1800 UTC

January 4, 2014 (Part 1 – east). Twenty-four hour forecast tracks are shown with the forecast central pressures

given as the last two whole digits in millibars (hPa).

Figure 2. GOES13 infrared satellite image of the cyclone in the second part of Figure 1 valid 0715 UTC January

5, 2014 or thirteen and one-quarter hours later than the valid time of the second part of Figure 1. Satellite sens-

es temperature on a scale ranging from white (cold) to black (warm) in infrared imagery. Image includes swaths

of altimeter data (Jason-2, Cryosat-2 and Altika) consisting of remotely-sensed significant wave heights in feet

to two decimal places and times displayed to the left of the tracks (UTC)

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

26

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Figure 3. 25-km ASCAT METOP-B (European Advanced Scatterometer) image of satellite-sensed winds around

the southwest side of the cyclone shown in the second part of Figure 1 including portions of two passes valid

1251 UTC and 1432 UTC January 4, 2014. The earlier pass containing the strongest wind retrievals is valid

approximately five hours prior to the valid time of the second part of Figure 1. Image is courtesy of NOAA/NES-

DIS/ Center for Satellite Application and Research.

Figure 4. OPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 0000 UTC January 7 and 8, 2014.

27

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Figure 5. OSCAT (Indian OceanSat-2 scatterometer) image of satellite-sensed winds around the east side of the

cyclone shown in the second part of Figure 4. Land areas displayed include southern Greenland and a portion

of the Labrador coast. The valid time of the pass is approximately 0239 UTC January 8, 2014, or about two and

one-half hours later than the valid time of the second part of Figure 4. Image includes cross-track time lines of

the satellite (four-digit UTC) and a color scale for the wind barbs in the upper right side. White wind barbs indi-

cate possible rain contamination. Satellite data is reprocessed at 25-km resolution by NOAA/NESDIS.

Figure 6. OPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis charts valid 1200 UTC January 22 (Part 2) and 0000 UTC January

24, 2014 (Part 1).

28

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Figure 7. 25-km ASCAT (METOP-A) image of satellite-sensed winds around the south and west sides of the

cyclone shown in the second part of Figure 6. The valid time of the pass is 2244 UTC January 23, 2014 or about

one and one-quarter hours prior to the valid time of the second part of Figure 6. Image is courtesy of

NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for Satellite Application and Research.

Figure 8. OPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis charts valid 0600 UTC January 30 (Part 2) and 1800 UTC January

31, 2014.

29

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Figure 9. METEOSAT-10 infrared satellite image of the cyclone in the second part of Figure 8 valid 2145 UTC

January 31, 2014, or three and three-quarters hours later than the valid time of the second part of Figure 8.

Figure 10. Jason-2 altimeter data west of the British Isles and France including satellite-sensed significant

wave heights in feet to two decimal places along a satellite track with times in UTC displayed to the left of the

track. The time in the center of the image, 0514 UTC February 1, 2014, is about eleven and one-quarter hours

later than the valid time of the second part of Figure 9. Satellite data reprocessed by NOAA/NESDIS for opera-

tional use.

30

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Figure 11. OPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis chart (Parts 2-west and 1-east) valid 1800 UTC February 4, 2014.

The two parts include an overlap area between 40W and 50W.


31

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014


Figure 14. 25-km ASCAT (METOP-B) image of satellite-sensed winds around the west and north sides of the

cyclone shown in the second part of Figure 13. The valid time of the pass is 1243 UTC February 7, 2014, or

approximately five and one-quarter hours prior to the valid time of the second part of Figure 13. Image is cour-

tesy of NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for Satellite Application and Research.

32

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Figure 15. OPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis chart (Parts 2-west and 1-east) valid 1200 UTC February 12,

2014.

Figure 16. OPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis chart (Parts 2-west and 1-east) valid 0000 UTC February 14,

2014.

33

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Figure 17. 25-km ASCAT (METOP-B) image of satellite-sensed winds around the south and west sides of the

hurricane-force low shown in Figure 16. The valid time of the pass is 2208 UTC February 13, 2014, or approxi-

mately two hours prior to the valid time of Figure 16. Image is courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for Satellite

Application and Research.

Figure 18. OPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis charts (Part 1) valid 1800 UTC February 24 and 0600 UTC

February 26, 2014.

34

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Figure 19. 25-km ASCAT (METOP-B) image of satellite-sensed winds with partial coverage around the north and

south sides of the cyclone shown in the second part of Figure 18. The valid time of the pass is 2302 UTC

February 25, 2014, or abouth seven hours prior to the valid time of the second part of Figure 18. The southern

tip of Greenland appears at the upper-left corner of the image. Image is courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for

Satellite Application and Research.

Figure 20. OPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis charts valid 1800 UTC March 6 (Part 2) and 1800 UTC March 7,

2014 (Part 1).

Figure 21. OPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 1200 UTC March 25 and 26, 2014.

Figure 22. OPC North Atlantic 500-Millibar (hPa) Analysis valid 0000 UTC March 26, 2014.

35

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

36

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Figure 23. 25-km ASCAT (METOP-B) image of satellite-sensed winds around the hurricane-force low shown in

the second part of Figure 21. The valid time of the pass is approximately 1458 UTC March 26, 2014, or about

three hours later than the valid time of the second part of Figure 21. Image includes cross-track time lines of

the satellite (four-digit UTC), a color scale for the wind barbs in the upper right side and a legend with wind

warning categories on the left. Satellite data reprocessed at 25-km resolution by NOAA/NESDIS. Credit:

Timothy Collins (OPC) for the wind warning categories.

Figure 24. OPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 1800 UTC April 19 and 20, 2014.

37

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014

Figure 25. OPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis chart (Part 2) valid

0000 UTC April 27, 2014.

Figure 26. 25-km ASCAT (METOP-A) image of satellite-sensed winds around the cyclone shown in Figure 25.

Retrievals from two passes are shown, 1322 and 1503 UTC April 26, 2014. The valid time of the later pass con-

taining the strongest winds is about nine hours prior to the valid time of Figure 25. A portion of southern New

Jersey appears at the upper-left corner of the image. Image is courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for Satellite


38

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h A

tlantic

January

to A

pril 2

014 References:

1. Sanders, Frederick and Gyakum, John R., Synoptic-Dynamic Climatology of the “Bomb”, MonthlyWeather Review, October 1980.

2. Ocean Surface Winds, http://manati.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/products.php

3. Von Ahn, Joan. and Sienkiewicz, Joe, Hurricane Force Extratropical Cyclones Observed UsingQuikSCAT Near Real Time Winds, Mariners Weather Log, Vol. 49, No. 1, April 2005.

4. Saffir-Simpson Scale of Hurricane Intensity: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshws.php

5. Sienkiewicz, Joe and Chesneau, Lee, Mariner’s Guide to the 500-Millibar Chart, MarinersWeather Log, Vol. 52, No. 3, December 2008.

6. E-mail communication, “Flights-update”, Feb 15, 2014, Joseph Sienkiewicz confirmation fromOSCAT of hurricane force winds in WSW flow (Feb 14) over warm Gulf Stream eddy.

7. E-mail communication, “Peak Wave at 44141 from March 27”, Joseph Sienkiewicz from ChrisFogerty, Ph.D, Program Supervisor, Canadian hurricane Centre, Environment Canada, April 3, 2014.

8. E-mail communication, LT Christine Schultz, NOAA Commissioned Corps Technical OperationsCoordination Meteorologist, National Weather Service-Ocean Prediction Center, and JosephSienkiewicz, Chief Ocean Applications Branch, Ocean Prediction Center , April 30, 2014: “Fast-changing conditions; Account from NOAA ship this weekend, NOAA Fisheries ship Gordon Gunter”.

39

Marine Weather Review – North Pacific AreaSeptember 2013 to February 2014

By George P. BancroftOcean Forecast Branch, Ocean Prediction Center, College Park, MD

NOAA National Center for Environmental Prediction

Introduction

The weather pattern over theNorth Pacific was active duringthe early fall months ofSeptember and October as aseries of cyclones movednortheast out of the westernPacific near Japan to theBering Sea or just south theAleutian Islands to the Gulf ofAlaska, with some developingstorm force winds. Some ofthese included former westernNorth Pacific tropical cyclones.Other developing lows movedout of the central or easternNorth Pacific toward the Gulfof Alaska. A storm at the endof October that moved into theBering Sea at the beginning ofNovember was the first onewith non-tropical origin to pro-duce hurricane force windsbased on analysis using obser-vations, satellite imagery andmodel data. Later in Novemberand through Februaryincreased blocking in thenortheastern Pacific or at highlatitudes resulted in cyclonescoming out of the central andwestern North Pacific to stallor turn northwest into theBering Sea or sometimesmove west of the KamchatkaPeninsula. The most activemonth was January, producingsix hurricane force lows. Threecyclones developed central

pressures as low as 948 hPa,with one each occurring in themonths of November toJanuary.

Tropical activity in the north-western Pacific includingcyclones appearing on OPCoceanic surface analyses wasconcentrated in Septemberand October, with one tropicaldepression, two tropicalstorms, four typhoons and twosuper-typhoons occurring. Ofthese, four became strongpost-tropical (extratropical)lows as they entered the mid-latitude westerly’s. The mostsignificant of these was Wipha,producing hurricane forcewinds while moving from nearJapan to the western BeringSea.

Tropical Activity

Tropical Storm Man-Yi:

A non-tropical low near 19N147E at 0000 UTC September11th tracked west-northwestand slowly strengthened,developing gale force windsearly on the 12th and thenbecoming upgraded to a tropi-cal storm late on the 12th near22N 143E with maximum sus-tained winds 35 kts with guststo 45 kts. Tropical Storm Man-Yi became strongest whenpassing south of Japan near32N 136E early on the 15th

with maximum sustained winds60 kts with gusts to 75 kts.Man-Yi then began to weakenwhile turning toward the north-east, passing near the eastcoast of Japan and becominga post-tropical storm off north-ern Japan early on the 16th.Figure 1 shows Man-Yi inextratropical transition to apowerful storm force low nearmaximum intensity with a cen-tral pressure of 962 hPa nearthe Kamchatka Peninsula. TheASCAT-A image in Figure 2

shows gale and storm forcewinds affecting portions of theSea of Okhotsk and westernBering Sea, with some of thewind barbs, up to 55 kts, indi-cating actual winds south ofthe storm center approachinghurricane force due to low biasof ASCAT at higher windspeeds. The SHIP UPAB (53N144E) reported northwestwinds of 50 kts and 3.7 mseas (12 ft) at 0600 UTC onthe 18th. The cyclone movednorth and developed a lowestcentral pressure of 960 hPabefore weakening in the farnorthwest Bering Sea on the18th and 19th, where windsdiminished to below gale force.

Typhoon Pabuk:

A non-tropical low with galeforce winds moved north along148E into OPC’s radio

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

40

facsimile Pacific chart area lateon September 19th andbecame a tropical storm withmaximum sustained winds of35 kts near 21N 145E at 0600UTC on the 21st. TropicalStorm Pabuk moved slowlynorthwest over the next twodays and intensified to atyphoon near 26N 140E at1200 UTC on the 23rd withmaximum sustained winds of65 kts with gusts to 80 kts.After Pabuk developed a maxi-mum intensity of 90 kts forsustained winds when passing350 nmi south of Tokyo late onthe 24th, the cyclone weak-ened to a tropical storm late onthe 25th and then becamepost-tropical early on the 26th.Buoy 28401 (32.4N 144.5E)reported southwest winds of 50kt at 0400 UTC on the 26th.Post-tropical Pabuk then grad-ually weakened and turnedeast along 49N, passing souththe western and centralAleutian Islands as a galebefore turning southeastwardand dissipating south of theeastern Aleutians early on the30th.

Tropical Storm Sepat:

A non-tropical low, stationarynear 21N 159E on September26th, began moving northweston the 27th and became atropical depression (21W) at0000 UTC on the 30th near26N 147E with maximum sus-tained winds of 30 kts withgusts to 40 kts. Thirty hourslater, the cyclone was upgrad-ed to Tropical Storm Sepatnear 30N 140E with maximumsustained winds 35 kts with

gusts to 35 kts. Sepat thenturned toward the north whilemaintaining this intensitybefore becoming a post-tropi-cal gale near 36N 142E at0600 UTC October 2nd. Post-tropical Sepat briefly devel-oped storm force winds with a995 hPa center near 49N151E 24 hours later. TheTokyo Express (DGTX)encountered south winds of 40kts near 35N 146E at 1200UTC on the 2nd. The cyclonethen moved into the westernBering Sea as a gale on the3rd before moving inland overRussia on the 4th.

Typhoon Fitow:

A non-tropical low, stationarynear 12N 135E late inSeptember, began movingnorth on the 30th and becamea tropical depression (22W)near 14N 133E at 1200 UTCon the 30th and a tropicalstorm six hours later with max-imum sustained winds of 40kts with gusts to 50 kts. Afterweakening slightly six hourslater, Tropical Storm Fitowstrengthened again on October1st while drifting northwest,reaching an intensity of 60 ktsfor sustained winds with guststo 75 kts near 18N 130E at0000 UTC October 2nd . Avessel using the call sign SHIP

(23N 127E) reported northeastwinds of 50 kts at 1200 UTCOctober 1st. Fitow hadreached the western boundaryof the National WeatherService Unified Analysis at thattime. The cyclone drifted northand reached typhoon strengthearly on 3rd before movingwest of the area.

Typhoon Danas:

A stationary low formed late onOctober 1st near 17N 150Eand developed tropical charac-teristics late on the 2nd, tobecome a tropical depression(23W) early on the 3rd andTropical Storm Danas near17N 145E at 0600 UTC on the4th with maximum sustainedwinds 35 kts with gusts to 45kts. Danas drifted northwestand continued to strengthen,becoming a typhoon with sus-tained winds to 65 kts near19N 140E 1200 UTC on the5th. Danas developed anintensity of 105 kt for sustainedwinds with gusts to 130 ktswhile passing near 24N 131Eat 1800 UTC on the 6th. Thisintensity is at category 3 onthe Saffir-Simpson intensityscale (Ref. 4), making Danas amajor typhoon. The cyclonepassed west of the area short-ly thereafter.

Typhoon Wipha:

Wipha was already a strength-ening typhoon upon passingnorth of 17N into OPC’s radiofacsimile oceanic chart areanear 18N 138E early onOctober 12th with maximumsustained winds of 65 kts withgusts to 80 kts. Twenty-fourhours later the cyclone devel-oped a peak intensity of 115kts for sustained winds withgusts to 140 kts near 24N134E, placing it in a low endcategory 4 on the Saffir-Simpson scale (highest being5). A weakening trend and anortheastward turn then set in,along with extratropical transi-tion. A

ugust

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

41

Figure 5 shows Wipha sixhours prior to becoming post-tropical and in the second partas a powerful post-tropical low.Wipha was a major event inthe northwestern Pacific due toits size, intensity and wavesgenerated. Post-tropical Wiphamaintained hurricane forcewinds until it reached thesouthern Bering Sea just northof the western Aleutians lateon the 17th. The peak intensityof 960 hPa occurred on themorning of the 16th near thecentral Kurile Islands. Thecyclone weakened to a galenear Saint Paul Island but stillwith a 968 hPa center 0000UTC on the 19th. Dissipationfollowed late on October 22ndin the northern Bering Sea.Selected ship reports taken inthis event are listed in Table 1.

Super-Typhoon Francisco:

A super-typhoon has sustainedwinds of 130 kts or more. Oneof two during the fall season,Francisco, moved north intoOPC’s radio facsimile chartarea near 17N 140E at 0600UTC October 19th at maximumintensity with sustained windsto 140 kts and gusts to 170kts. This is category 5, thehighest on the Saffir-Simpsonhurricane scale. Franciscomaintained this intensity whilemoving to 19N 137E over thenext 24 hours. The cyclonethen began a weakening trendas it became a minimaltyphoon while passing west of130E early on the 23rd andthen re-curved northeast intothe area as a tropical stormnear 27N 131E at 1800 UTC

on the 24th with maximumsustained winds 60 kts withgusts to 75 kts. Figure 8

shows Francisco linking with afront to become a 988 hPapost-tropical low over a 24hour period. The Westwood

Columbia (C6SI4) reportednorth winds 45 kts and 7.0 mseas (23 ft) at 0000 UTC onthe 26th. Francisco briefly re-intensified to a storm force lowon the 27th near the KurileIslands and then tracked eastinto the central North Pacificas a gale before becomingabsorbed late on the 29thsouth of the Aleutian Islands.

Super-Typhoon Lekima:

Tropical Storm Lekima devel-oped from a stationary non-tropical low near 11N 161E at1800 UTC October 20th thenmoved northwest, intensifyingto a minimal typhoon 24 hourslater near 14N 159E and to asuper-typhoon near 18N154Eat 1800 UTC on the 22nd withmaximum sustained winds of140 kts with gusts to 170 kts.Lekima remained a super-typhoon until early on the 24thwhen it began to turn towardthe north and then northeastand weaken. The intensity wasdown to 70 kts for sustainedwinds near 37N 152E at 0600UTC on the 26th six hoursbefore becoming a post-tropi-cal hurricane force low sixhours later (Figure 8) withfronts. An ASCAT-B imagereturned southeast winds of 50kts on the west edge of a 0949UTC October 26th pass andlikely missed higher winds in agap between passes.

The MSC Malta (A8GA8) near34N 160E encountered westwinds of 35 kts and 7.0 m seas(23 ft) at 0600 UTC on the27th. The cyclone moved eastand began to weaken on the26th with winds easing to galeforce early on the 27th. Afterpassing 180W the cyclonemoved northeast and re-inten-sified to 968 hPa near KodiakIsland late on the 29th where itbriefly developed storm forcewinds. Post-tropical Lekimathen stalled and weakened inthe northern Gulf of Alaska onthe 30th and 31st and dissipat-ed November 1st.

Tropical Depression 27W:

Short-lived T.D. 27W formednear 20N 149E at 0600 UTCOctober 19th with maximumsustained winds of 25 kts withgusts to 35 kts. The cyclonemoved southwest for the first12 and then turned toward thenorthwest and dissipated as aremnant low near 25N 143Eearly on the 20th.

Other Significant Events

of the Period

Northeastern Pacific Storm,

September 5-6:

Low pressure originating near39N 164W early on the 4thmoved northeast and thenturned north through the Gulfof Alaska late on the 5th andon the 6th. Storm force windsoccurred on the 6th with thecyclone developing a lowestcentral pressure of 980 hPanear 55N 153W at 1800 UTCon the 6th.A

ugust

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

42

Northeastern Pacific Storm, September 5-6:

(cont)

Storm force winds occurred on the 6th with thecyclone developing a lowest central pressure of980 hPa near 55N 153W at 1800 UTC on the6th. ASCAT-B imagery at 2057 UTC on the 6thshowed southwest winds as high as 45 kts atthe west edge of a pass south of Kodiak Island.The APL Canada (A8CG6) near 53N 153Wreported west winds of 40 kts and 5.8 m seas(19 ft) at 1800 UTC on the 6th. The cycloneweakened rapidly as it moved onshore near theKenai Peninsula the following night.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Table 1. Selected ship and buoy observations taken during the passage of Typhoon/Post-tropical Wipha.

North Pacific Storm, September 6-9:

A cyclone slightly deeper than the Gulf of Alaskaevent mentioned above originated in the Sea ofOkhotsk early on September 5th and trackedeast between 49N and 51N over the next threedays, developing storm force winds and a lowestcentral pressure of 977 hPa while passing southof the central Aleutian Islands late on the 7th.The cyclone then weakened while turning northinto the southeast Bering Sea and then inlandover southwest mainland Alaska on the 9th and10th.


September 17-20:

Figure 9 depicts the develop-ment of this storm. A wave oflow pressure near 45N 162Wat 1800 UTC on the 17thmoved northeast while deepen-ing rapidly over the next 24hours, with the central pres-sure falling 30 hPa. Thecyclone developed a lowestcentral pressure of 970 hPanear 51N 137W at 0000 UTCon the 20th. Storm force windsoccurred over a 36 hour periodending at 0600 UTC on the20th. At 0900 UTC on the 19ththe Westerdam (PINX) near53N 130W reported southeastwinds of 60 kts and 4.0 m seas(13 ft). The Star Princess

(ZCDD6) at 1500 UTC on the19th and the Zuiderdam

(PBIG) at 1800 UTC on the19th observed southeast windsof 60 kts at 55N 132W, with theStar Princess also reporting4.9 m seas (16 ft). TheAmsterdam (PBAD) near 53N129W encountered southeastwinds 55 kts at 1300 UTC onthe 19th. The MSC Texas

(DCSY2) observed the highestseas, 9.8 m (32 ft) along withnorthwest winds of 40 kts near46N 155W at 1200 UTC on the18th. The cyclone then movednorth-northwest and onshorenear 60N 140W with windsbelow gale force early on the21st.

North Pacific/ Bering Sea

Storm, September 19-24:

Another rapidly intensifying loworiginating near 42N 160E at0000 UTC September 19thmoved to near the western A

ugust

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

43

moved east southeast beforeturning northeast and brieflydeveloping storm force windsnear Vancouver Island with acentral pressure as low as 973hPa late on the 29th beforemoving inland. At 0300 UTC onthe 29th the Polar Adventure

(WAZV) near 44N 128W report-ed west winds of 45 kts and, at2000 UTC that day, 8.2 m seas(27 ft) near 47N 130W. TheUSCGC Healy (NEPP) 56N154W reported northwest windsof 50 kts and 4.6 m seas (15 ft)at 1200 UTC on the 30th. TheKennicott (WCY2920), near59N 153W, encountered north-west winds of 50 kts at 0900UTC on the 29th. The driftingbuoy 46246 (50N 144.7W),reported seas of 9.4 m (31 ft)at 2300 UTC on the 28th.

North Pacific Storm, October

30 to November 2:

A wave of low pressure movedfrom near Japan on the 29thnortheast to the central watersnear 45N 172E on the after-noon of the 31st where it devel-oped hurricane force winds(Figure 10 and the ASCAT-Bimage in Figure 11 showing anarea of west winds 50 to 60 ktssouth of a well defined center).This was the first hurricaneforce low of the fall season thatdid not have tropical origins.The cyclone developed a low-est central pressure of 966 hPa0600 UTC November 1st afterwhich it moved northeasttoward the Bering Sea withgradual weakening, with windsdiminishing to below gale forcein the eastern Bering Sea earlyon the 2nd. The low dissipatedinland on the 3rd.

Aleutian Islands 24 hours laterand then to the eastern BeringSea in the following 24 hourperiod, when the central pres-sure dropped 34 hPa, with thelow developing storm forcewinds at that time. The centralpressure dropped as low as965 hPa near Kodiak Island 12hours later, making it the deep-est low with non-tropical originin September and October. AnASCAT-B pass from 0656 UTCon the 21st returned windsfrom the west to northwest upto 50 kts on the eastern edgeof the pass south of the AlaskaPeninsula. As the cyclonecrossed the Gulf of Alaska thewinds diminished to gale forceearly on the 23rd and to belowgale force on the 24th.

Northeast Pacific Storms,

September 25-30:

A low pressure wave movedfrom northern Japan to thewestern Bering Sea late onSeptember 24th and on the25th with gale force winds, andthen turned eastward, develop-ing storm conditions whenpassing near 59N 159W with a972 hPa central pressure at1200 UTC on the 27th. Thecenter moved into the northernGulf of Alaska six hours laterwith a lowest central pressureof 968 hPa. The cyclonemoved across the Gulf ofAlaska and stalled near theQueen Charlotte Islands lateon the 28th through the 30thwhile slowly weakening butwith winds not dropping tobelow storm force until the30th. Additionally, anotherdeveloping low formed near49N 156W on the 28th and

44

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4 A vessel using the SHIP callsign reported southeast windsof 45 kts near 50N 174W at1200 UTC on the 1st.

North Pacific and Bering Sea

Storm, November 4-7:

A complex area of low pressurewith multiple centers nearJapan early on November 3rdconsolidated over the next twodays while moving northeasttoward the Bering Sea, merg-ing into a single storm center49N 169E with a 960 hPa cen-ter at 1200 UTC on the 5th,with the pressure falling 38 hPain the preceding 24 hour peri-od. The cyclone developed alowest central pressure of 948hPa in the central Bering Sea24 hours later (Figure 12).This, along with two othercyclones occurring later, wasthe deepest non-tropicalcyclone in the North Pacificduring the six month period. Itwas the deepest in a series ofcyclones to move through theBering Sea in the first half ofNovember. The ASCAT-B passfor 2336 UTC on the 5th(Figure 13) actually has thehigher winds ahead of theBering occluded front, up to 65kts, and northwest winds to 55kts south of the westernAleutians. Shemya Island, aland station, reported northwestwinds of 52 kts with gusts to 63kts at 0751 UTC on the 6th,and a peak gust 69 kts at 0856UTC on the 6th. St. PaulResearch (KEY796, 57N170W) reported southeastwinds of 60 kts at 1800 UTC onthe 6th. A vessel with the SHIP

call sign near 57N 167E,

encountered west winds 50 ktsat 0000 UTC on the 7th. Buoy46070 (55.1N 175.3E) reporteda maximum significant waveheight of 13.4 m (44 ft) at 2000UTC on the 6th. The cyclonesubsequently move north andinland over Russia by early onthe 7th but winds over theBering Sea did not drop tobelow storm force until theafternoon of the 7th.


November 6-7:

Low pressure formed west ofthe Oregon offshore waters onthe morning of November 6thand moved northeast toVancouver Island in 24 hours,resulting in a small but potentcyclone producing storm forcewinds. The lowest pressure in asix hourly analysis was 993hPa but a drifting buoy 46761(49.0N 129.3W reported apressure of 989.6 hPa at 1200UTC on the 7th. The Horizon Anchorage

(KGTX) near 50.5N 130Wreported northeast winds of 60kts at 0900 UTC on the 7th.Buoy 46132 (49.7N 127.9W)reported southeast winds 37kts with gusts to 49 kts and 5.0m seas (16 ft) at 0600 UTC onthe 7th. The cyclone movedinland later that day.

Western North Pacific Storm,

December 19-23:

Figure 15 depicts the low lati-tude development of this hurri-cane force low over a 36 hourperiod. It originated south ofJapan late on December 17th.The central pressure fell

36 hPa in the 24 hour periodending at 1200 UTC on the20th, impressive for such a lowlatitude development. TheASCAT-A image in Figure 16

with data missing on the westside does show winds as highas 60 kts south of the center.Rain contamination may be anissue with some wind directionsoff north of the center. The topwinds lowered to storm forceearly on the 21st as the centerdrifted northeast, but the cen-tral pressures remained around960 hPa until the 23rd, whenthe lowest central pressure of958 hPa was reached, near48N 170E at 1200 UTC on the23rd. The APL India (A8JX7)near 40N 143E reported northwinds of 50 kts and 7.6 m seas(25 ft) at 2100 UTC on the20th. A vessel with the SHIP

call sign encountered westwinds of 55 kts and 16.5 mseas (54 ft) near 34N 148E at1500 UTC on the 20th. TheSea-Land Comet (WDB9950)near 53N 162E reported north-west winds 45 kts and 9.4 mseas (31 ft) at 0200 UTC onthe 23rd. The cyclone movedslowly north into the southernBering Sea on the 25th, whereit dissipated.

North Pacific Storm,

December 24-27:

Low pressure originating justsouth of Japan late onDecember 22nd tracked east-northeast to the central NorthPacific on the 25th, where itdeveloped hurricane forcewinds (Figure 17). The ASCAT-B image in Figure 18 valid nearthe time of the second part ofthe figure reveals winds as high

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

45

as 70 kts on the west side ofthe center. The cyclone centerdeveloped a lowest centralpressure of 960 hPa near 47N178W at 0000 UTC on the27th, and hurricane force windslasted until then. The APL China (WDB3161)encountered south winds of 45kts and 8.5 m seas (28 ft) near39N 161W at 2100 UTC on the26th. Weakening set in as thecenter turned toward the eastlate on the 26th with the windsdiminishing to below gale forcelate on the 28th when thecyclone turned northeastward.The center became absorbedby another low to the west bythe 30th.

Northwestern Pacific Storm,

December 26-29:

Figure 19 shows the rapiddevelopment of a hurricaneforce low near the KurileIslands from a complex of lowsover and to the east of Japanover a 24 hour period. The cen-tral pressure fell 42 hPa duringthis period based on the pres-sure of the low near 40N147E.Six hours later the cyclonedeveloped a lowest centralpressure of 948 hPa, the sec-ond of three lows of the sameintensity. ASCAT-A passes from27/2310 UTC and 28/1129 UTCshowed winds in the east semi-circle and the southwest quad-rant of the low, respectively, upto 60 kts. The Lowlands

Phoenix (9HIY9) near 46N151E reported southwest windsof 45 kts and 9.8 m seas (32 ft)at 0000 UTC on the 28th. Ninehours later the RDO Concord

(A8TG2) reported northwestwinds of 60 kts and 10.1 m

seas (33 ft) near 47N 152E.The cyclone subsequently drift-ed north and then northwestover the Sea of Okhotsk andweakened over the next fourdays and dissipated late on the31st.

Eastern North Pacific Storm,

January 1-3:

A wave of low pressure formedsoutheast of Japan near 28N165E late on December 30thand moved rapidly northeast,not developing storm forcewinds until reaching 160W lateon January 1st, where it slowedand drifted east. The cyclonebriefly developed hurricaneforce winds with a 978 hPacenter near 40N 159W at 1800UTC on the 2nd. An ASCAT-Apass from three hours laterreturned an area of northwestwinds 50 to 60 kts on the westside and winds up to 50 kts onthe northeast side of the center.The APL Phillipines

(WCX8884) near 45N 149Wencountered southwest windsof 55 kts and 6.1 m seas (20 ft)at 0600 UTC on the 3rd. Afterreaching a maximum intensityof 972 hPa in terms of centralpressure and not winds sixhours later, the cyclone driftedeast and became absorbed bya gale to the north near theAlaska Peninsula late on the4th.

Northwestern Pacific / Bering

Sea Storm, January 3-4:

In this short lived event, lowpressure formed near 49N172E with a 980 hPa centralpressure at 0600 UTC on the

3rd and moved into the centralBering Sea eighteen hourslater with a lowest central pres-sure of 957 hPa and stormforce winds. The cyclone thenturned toward the west and,after briefly reaching hurricaneforce strength six hours later,weakened and crossed theKamchatka Peninsula late onthe 4th with winds diminishingto below gale force. An ASCAT-A pass from 0952 UTC on the4th revealed northeast windsup to 55 kts on the north sidenear the Russian coast.


January 9-11:

A complex of lows well south ofKodiak Island at 1800 UTC onthe 9th (Figure 20) consolidat-ed into a hurricane force lownear 49N 149W with a 976 hPacenter 24 hours later, and thesecond part of Figure 20

shows the system becomingcomplex once again. ASCAT-Aimagery from 0542 UTC on the11th reveals an area of north-west winds to 55 kts to thewest of the southern low cen-ter. The Kodiak (KQXZ) near50N 137W reported southeastwinds of 60 kts and 7.3 m seas(24 ft) at 1800 UTC on the10th. The CMA CGM Orfeo

(9HA3487) encountered westwinds of 50 kts near 43N 140Wat 0000 UTC on the 11th. Buoy46036 (48.4N 133.9W) at 1600UTC on the 11th reportednorthwest winds of 41 kts withgusts to 51 kts and 6.5 m seas(21 ft), and five hours laterreported highest seas at 8.5 mseas (28 ft). The cyclone thenweakened inland over BritishColumbia later on the 11th.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

46

North Pacific Storm, January

12-15:

A new low formed on a frontmoving off Japan near 35N142E 0000 UTC on the 12thand moved east-northeast,developing storm force windslate on the 12th and hurricaneforce winds with a relativelycompact 976 hPa cyclone inthe central waters near 42N180W at 1200 UTC on the14th. A 14/2111 UTC ASCAT-Bpass returned a small area ofwest winds 50 to 60 kts on thesouthwest side near the passedge. The cyclone movednortheast while maintainingpressures in the 970s butwinds weakened to gale forceon the 15th, and the systembecame absorbed by a newlow approaching from the southlater that day.


15-19:

Low pressure originating downnear 27N 152E 0000 UTC onthe 16th moved northeast andrapidly developed into a hurri-cane force low eighteen hourslater near 36N 167E with a982-hPa center. Figure 21

shows the relatively compactcirculation in the central waters. Figure 23 is an ASCAT-A passshowing a large area of winds50 to 65 kts on the south andwest sides. The cyclone movednortheast and reached a maxi-mum intensity of 956 hPa near50N 158W at 1200 UTC on the19th before top winds weak-ened to storm force six hourslater and to gale force early onthe 20th.The low turned north-west into the Bering Sea on the

20th and 21st and then dissi-pated late on the 22nd. TheLondon Express (DPLE) near55N 156W reported east windsof 50 kts at 1200 UTC on the19th. The Penang Senator

(DQVH) encountered northeastwinds of 50 kts and 10.7 mseas (35 ft) near 54N 159W sixhours later. Buoy 46066 (52.8N155.0W) reported southeastwinds 39 kts with gusts to 51kts and 7.5 m seas (25 ft) at1800 UTC on the 19th, andhighest seas 10.5 m (34 feet)three hours later.


19-21:

The next significant event fol-lowed a track similar to that ofthe January 15th -19th storm,with Figure 22 showing asomewhat larger and moreintense system. It originated asa new low at 27N 144E 1800UTC on the 17th (Figure 21).An ASCAT-B pass from20/2049 UTC showed winds 50to 60 kts in a pattern similar toFigure 23 but may miss higherwinds between passes. Thecyclone developed a lowestcentral pressure of 948 hPanear 41N 166W at 1200 UTCon the 21st, the third cyclonewith this pressure during the sixmonth period. The Sea-Land

Lightning (WDB9986) near49N 163W encountered northwinds of 40 kts and 6.7 m seas(22 ft) at 1200 UTC on the22nd. The cyclone movednortheast and then north along160W with winds weakening togale force by the 22nd. The lowturned northwest into theBering Sea on the 23rd anddissipated on the 25th.

Northwestern Pacific Storm,

February 4-6:

A deep cyclone similar in inten-sity to the November 9th-11thevent moved into the Sea ofOkhotsk as depicted in Figure

24. It originated near southernJapan early on the 2nd andmoved east before turningnorth near 150E over the nextthree days. The central pres-sure fell 30 hPa in the 24 hourperiod ending at 1200 UTC onthe 5th. The OOCL Beijing

(VRIB3) reported south windsof 35 kts and 11.6 m seas (38ft) near 37N 160E at 0000 UTCon the 5th. The Lutoga

(UFLC), near 49N 147E,reported northwest winds of 50kts 12 hours later. An ASCAT-Apass valid near 0000 UTC onthe 6th showed winds 50 to 65kts near the edge of the data inthe southeast Sea of Okhotsk.The cyclone then moved north-west and dissipated late on the6th.

Western North Pacific Storm,

February 8-9:

A low-pressure wave south ofJapan near 28N early on the7th intensified into a hurricaneforce low near 36N 145E with a984 hPa at 0000 UTC on the9th, and the cyclone developeda lowest central pressure of980 hPa near 39N 148E 12hours later. An ASCAT-A passfor 09/1042 UTC returned aswath of northwest winds 50 to60 kts on the southwest side.The cyclone then weakenedwhile moving northeast on the9th and then turning northwestinto the Sea of Okhotsk on the10th, where it dissipated by the13th.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

47

North Pacific Storm, February 26-March 1:

Low pressure originating east of Japan near37N 156E tracked east-northeast into the cen-tral waters 43N 175E at 1200 UTC on the 27thwhere it developed hurricane force winds and alowest central pressure of 956 hPa (Figure 25).The infrared satellite image in Figure 27 showsa mature system with an expansive cloud pat-tern and frontal structure, reflecting some weak-ening of the system as in Figure 26. TheASCAT-B image in Figure 28 shows winds atleast 50 to 55 kts in the southwest semicircle ofthe cyclone, with the data free gap betweenpasses possibly missing the highest winds. TheKota Jati (VRWJ7) near 47N 175E reportednortheast winds of 45 kts and 7.0 m seas (23 ft)at 2100 UTC on the 27th. The cyclone subse-quently moved slowly east and weakened, withtop winds diminishing to gale force early onMarch 1st.

Eastern North Pacific Storm, February 27-28:

An intense low developed unusually far southoff central California at the end of February withFigure 26 showing the cyclone at maximumintensity with a central pressure of 969 hPa. Itoriginated as a secondary development on afront near 32N 137W at 1200 UTC on the 27thwith its central pressure falling 27 hPa in thenext 24 hour period. ASCAT-B imagery with lim-ited coverage showed a small area of north-winds of 50 kts to the west of the center. TheHorizon Enterprise (KRGB) near 36N 137Wreported northwest winds of 45 kts at 0000 UTCMarch 1st. Six hours later, the Overseas

Anacortes (KCHV) near 31N 128W reportedwest winds of 45 kts and 8.8 m seas (29 ft).The cyclone drifted north and weakened overthe next two days with its top winds diminishingto below gale force.

Figure 1. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2 - west) valid 0600 UTC September 16 and 17, 2013.

Twenty-four hour forecast tracks are shown with the forecast central pressures given as the last two whole dig-

its in millibars (hPa). Tropical cyclone information appears in text boxes.

48

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 2. ASCAT METOP-A (Advanced Scatterometer) image of satellite-sensed winds (25-km resolution)

around the cyclone (Post-tropical Man-Yi) shown in the second part of Figure 1. Portions of two passes, 0907

and 1048 UTC September 17, 2013, are displayed. The valid time of the earlier pass is about three hours later

than the valid time of the second part of Figure 1. Image is courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for Satellite


Figure 3. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 0000 UTC September 26 and 27, 2013.

49

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 4. ASCAT (METOP-A) image of satellite-sensed winds (25-km resolution) around the southern semicir-

cle of the cyclone, post-tropical Pabuk, shown in the second part of Figure 3. The valid time of the pass is

2317 UTC September 26, 2013, or less than one hour prior to the valid time of the second part of Figure 3.

Image is courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for Satellite Application and Research.

Figure 5. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 1800 UTC October 15 and 0600 UTC October

16, 2013.

50

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 6. MTSAT2 infrared satellite image valid 2032 UTC October 15, 2013 or about two and one-half hours

later than the valid time of the first part of Figure 5. Satellite senses temperature on a scale from warm (black)

to cold (white) in this type of image. Altimeter data is plotted along satellite tracks with significant wave

heights in feet plus two decimal places with satellite times (four digit UTC) appearing to the left. Image is

reprocessed by NOAA/NESDIS.

Figure 7. 25-km ASCAT (METOP-B) image of satellite-sensed winds around the hurricane-force low (post-tropi-

cal Wipha) shown in the second part of Figure 5. The valid time of the pass is 1139 UTC October 16, 2013, or

about five and one-half hours later than the valid time of the second part of Figure 5. Northern Japan and por-

tions of the Kurile and Sakhalin Islands appear in the image. Image is courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for

Satellite Application and Research.

51

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 8. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 1200 UTC October 25 and 26, 2013.

Figure 9. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 1-east) valid 0600 UTC September 18 and 1800 UTC

September 19, 2013.

52

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 10. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 1200 UTC October 30 and 0000 UTC

November 1, 2013.

Figure 11. ASCAT (METOP-B) image of satellite-sensed winds (25-km resolution) around the cyclone shown in

the second part of Figure 10. Portions of two passes are shown. The valid time of the earlier pass is 2202 UTC

October 31, 2013, or about two hours prior to the valid time of the second part of Figure 10. Image is courtesy

of NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for Satellite Application and Research.

53

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 12. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 1200 UTC November 4 and 6, 2013.

Figure 13. ASCAT (METOP-B) image of satellite-sensed winds (25-km resolution) around the hurricane-force low

shown in the second part of Figure 12. The valid time of the pass is 2336 UTC November 5, 2013 or about

twelve and one-half hours prior to the valid time of the second part of Figure 12. Image is courtesy of

NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for Satellite Application and Research.

54

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 14. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 1800 UTC November 9 and 1200 UTC

November 10, 2013.

Figure 15. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 1200 UTC December 19 and 0000 UTC

December 21, 2013.

55

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 16. ASCAT (METOP-A) image of satellite-sensed winds (25-km resolution) around the cyclone shown in

the second part of Figure 15. The valid time of the pass is 1138 UTC December 20, 2013 or about twelve and

one-half hours prior to the valid time of the second part of Figure 15. Image is courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/

Center for Satellite Application and Research.

Figure 17. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 0000 UTC December 25 and 26, 2013.

56

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 18. ASCAT (METOP-B) image of satellite-sensed winds (25-km resolution) around the cyclone shown in

the second part of Figure 17. The valid time of the pass is 2305 UTC December 25, 2013 or about one hour prior

to the valid time of the second part of Figure 17. Image is courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for Satellite


Figure 19. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 0000 UTC December 27 and 28, 2013.

57

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 20. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 1) valid 1800 UTC January 9 and 0600 UTC January

11, 2014.

Figure 21. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2-west and Part 1-east) valid 1800 UTC January 17,

2014. The two parts overlap between 165W and 175W.

58

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 22. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2-west and Part 1-east) valid 1800 UTC January 20,

2014.

Figure 23. ASCAT (METOP-A) image of satellite-sensed winds (25-km resolution) around the hurricane-force low

shown in Figure 21. The valid time of the pass is 2057 UTC January 17, 2014 or about three hours later than the

valid time of Figure 21. Image is courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for Satellite Application and Research

59

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 24. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 2) valid 0600 UTC February 4 and 1800 UTC

February 5, 2014.

Figure 25. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Parts 1 and 2) valid 1200 UTC February 27, 2014.

60

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 26. OPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Parts 1 and 2) valid 1200 UTC February 28, 2014.

Figure 27. GOES15 infrared satellite image valid 1230 UTC February 28, 2014 or one-half hour later than the

valid time of Figure 26. Satellite senses temperature on a scale from warm (black) to cold (white) in this type of

image.

References:

1. Sanders, Frederick and Gyakum, John R., Synoptic-Dynamic Climatology of the “Bomb”, MonthlyWeather Review, October 1980.

2. Ocean Surface Winds, http://manati.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/products.php

3. Von Ahn, Joan. and Sienkiewicz, Joe, Hurricane Force Extratropical Cyclones Observed UsingQuikSCAT Near Real Time Winds, Mariners Weather Log, Vol. 49, No. 1, April 2005.

4. Saffir-Simpson Scale of Hurricane Intensity: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshws.php

5. Sienkiewicz, Joe and Chesneau, Lee, Mariner’s Guide to the 500-Millibar Chart, MarinersWeather Log, Vol. 52, No. 3, December 2008.

6. E-mail communication, “Flights-update”, Feb 15, 2014, Joseph Sienkiewicz confirmation fromOSCAT of hurricane force winds in WSW flow (Feb 14) over warm Gulf Stream eddy.

7. E-mail communication, “Peak Wave at 44141 from March 27”, Joseph Sienkiewicz from ChrisFogerty, Ph.D, Program Supervisor, Canadian hurricane Centre, Environment Canada, April 3, 2014.

8. E-mail communication, LT Christine Schultz, NOAA Commissioned Corps Technical OperationsCoordination Meteorologist, National Weather Service-Ocean Prediction Center, and JosephSienkiewicz, Chief Ocean Applications Branch, Ocean Prediction Center , April 30, 2014: “Fast-changing conditions; Account from NOAA ship this weekend, NOAA Fisheries ship Gordon Gunter”.

61

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

M

arr

ine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- N

ort

h P

aci

fic S

epte

mber

2013 t

o F

ebru

ary

201

4

Figure 28. ASCAT (METOP-B) image of satellite-sensed winds (25-km resolution) around the hurricane-force low

shown in Figure 25. The valid time of the pass is 0848 UTC February 27, 2014, orabout three and one-quarter

hours prior to the valid time of Figure 25. Image is courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/ Center for Satellite Application

and Research.

62

Tropical Atlantic and Tropical East Pacific

Areas January through April 2014

Jessica Schauer and Marshall HuffmanTropical Analysis and Forecast Branch,

National Hurricane Center, Miami, FloridaNOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction

Tropical North Atlantic Ocean including the Caribbean Sea

and the Gulf of MexicoThe TAFB Atlantic High Seas area of responsibility (AOR) extends from 7°N to 31°N west of 35°W,including the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Forty three gale warnings were issued for thisarea from January through April 2014; with only one storm force wind warning and zero hurricaneforce wind warnings issued during the period. The 43 warnings issued in the Atlantic basin was thehighest number of warnings ever issued by TAFB during a winter season, breaking the previousrecord number of 35 in 2010. The number of warnings was up from the January through April fiveyear average of 27 warnings. Of the forty three warnings issued, fifteen of these were located in theGulf of Mexico, sixteen of these were located in the Atlantic Ocean, and eleven were located in theCaribbean Sea.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- T

ropic

al A

tlantic

& E

ast

Paci

fic

January

-

April 2

014

63

Table A-A details the warnings issued in the TAFB Atlantic High Seas AOR from January throughApril 2014. The first longer duration gale of 2014 occurred in the Gulf of Mexico as a strong coldfront swept across the Gulf waters generating gale force conditions on 06 January and 07January that persisted for 36 hours across western portions of the Gulf. A strong 1042 hPa highpressure system built in slowly from the north behind the cold front analyzed from the centralFlorida peninsula to the northwestern tip of the Yucatan peninsula as seen in Figure 1.

The pressure gradient between the ridge extending southward from the high over the U.S. south-ern plains into coastal northeast Mexico and the frontal boundary generated gale force winds inthe southwestern Gulf. Several ships reported gale force conditions during this event, and theseare summarized in Table A-B.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- T

ropic

al A

tlantic

& E

ast

Paci

fic

January

-

April 2

014

64

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- T

ropic

al A

tlantic

& E

ast

Paci

fic

January

- A

pril 2

014 Figure 1. The NWS

Unified Surface

Analysis from 1800

UTC 06 Jan 2014. A

strong cold front

followed by surface

ridging building

into the basin from

the north produced

an area of gale

force winds with

several ship and

buoy observations

above 34 kts.

Table A-B (below)

65

Figure 2 shows the 1538 UTC MetOp Advanced SCATerometer (ASCAT-B) pass from 06 January.Note the blue and pink wind barbs indicating 34-45 kts winds in the southwestern Gulf thatreached the surface. Warnings were discontinued in the Gulf of Mexico by 1200 UTC 07 Januaryas the cold front moved into the southwest North Atlantic region.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- T

ropic

al A

tlantic

& E

ast

Paci

fic J

anuary

- A

pril 2

014

Figure 2. A scatterometer pass from the MetOp Advanced SCATerometer (ASCAT-B) valid around 1538 UTC

06 January. Note the dark blue and pink wind barbs in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico indicating gale

force winds between 34 kts and 45 kts.

The strongest Gulf of Mexico warning was theonly storm force warning that occurred acrossthe basin in the four month period. This stormforce warning began at 0000 UTC 15 April andpersisted for 30 hours. Of those 30 hours, only6 hours of storm force conditions were fore-cast between 1800 UTC 15 April and 0000UTC 16 April. A strong surface pressure gradi-ent materialized along the east-central coast ofMexico and the southwestern Gulf of Mexicowaters after the passage of a cold front. Whilestorm force conditions were limited to a rela-tively small area across the southwestern Gulfof Mexico as noted in Figure 3, five shipsreported winds of gale force or greater. Inchronological order, the EAGLE TOLEDO

(S6NK3) reported 41 kts northwest winds near28.5N 94.5W at 0300 UTC 15 April. Two hourslater at 0500 UTC 15 Apr in nearly the samelocation the EAGLE BALTIMORE (9VHG)

reported 46 kts north winds. Other vesselsimpacted by the gale force winds to the northof the storm warned area included the OVER-

SEAS TEXAS CITY (WHED) reporting 40 kts,the OVERSEAS CASCADE (WOAG) reporting48 kts, and the DEEPWATER CHAMPION

(YJVM9) reporting 35 kts at 1700 UTC near28.8N 88.2W as the event was nearing termi-nation. Although no storm force observationswere reported, Figure 3 shows the area ofgale force and storm force wind barbs offshoreof Mexico south of 20N and west of 95W.

66

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- T

ropic

al A

tlantic

& E

ast

Paci

fic

January

- A

pril 2

014

Figure 3. A scatterometer pass from the MetOp Advanced SCATerometer (ASCAT-B) valid around 1630

UTC 15 April. Note the dark blue, pink, and purple wind barbs in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico indicat-

ing gale to storm force winds.

Eastern North Pacific Ocean South of 30°N and East of

140°W

The twenty-three events of gale force orstronger winds observed from 01 January2014 to 30 April 2014 in the eastern NorthPacific between 30°N and the equator east of140°W are cataloged in Table P-A (nextpage). All but two of these warning eventswere in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. There were21 occurrences of gale force winds in the Gulfof Tehuantepec, with seven of those eventsproducing winds of storm force. The other galeevents were found in the Gulf of Papagayoand across waters north of 25°N, respectively.Table P-B catalogs the ship observations ofthese gale-force or greater events. Shipreports received through the VoluntaryObserving Ship (VOS) program are a vitalsource of data in verifying gale and stormevents.

Gulf of Tehuantepec Gale and Storm

Warnings:

The Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch(TAFB) at the National Hurricane Center (NHC)has been recording gale-force or greater gapwind events in the Gulf of Tehuantepec sincethe QuikSCAT satellite began regular windobservations over the region in 1999. The2013-14 winter season included a record num-ber of these gap wind events in the Gulf ofTehuantepec, including two late-season Mayevents. The thirty-three gap wind events thisseason broke the previous record of 24 eventswhich occurred both in the 2003-04 and 2011-12 seasons. There were eleven storm-forcewind events in 2013-14.

67

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- T

ropic

al A

tlantic

& E

ast

Paci

fic

January

- A

pril 2

014

Figure P-A (left). The National

Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration’s (NOAA)

Geostationary Operational

Environmental Satellite East

(GOES-E) infrared imagery

overlaid with ship and buoy

observations, an altimeter

pass from the National

Aeronautics and Space

Administration’s (NASA)

Jason-2, scatterometer pass-

es from the MetOp Advanced

SCATerometers “A” and “B”

(ASCAT-A and ASCAT-B), and

the Tropical Analysis and

Forecast Branch (TAFB) sur-

face analysis valid around

0600 UTC 09 April 2014.

68

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- T

ropic

al A

tlantic

& E

ast

Paci

fic

January

- A

pril 2

014

Figure P-B. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Geostationary Operational

Environmental Satellite West (GOES-W) infrared imagery overlaid with altimeter passes from the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Jason-2, the European Space Agency’s (ESA) CryoSat-2,

and the ALTIKA sensor from the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and the Centre National

D'études Spatiales of France (CNES) in addition to scatterometer passes from the MetOp Advanced

SCATerometers “A” and “B” (ASCAT-A and ASCAT-B) and the NOAA/NASA/United States Department of

Defense WINDSAT sensor aboard the Coriolis satellite valid around 1800 UTC 28 February 2014. The

TAFB area of responsibility is found south of 30°N and east of 140°W denoted by the light blue lines.

This season ranks second in the number of storm-force wind events. The record holder remainsthe 2006-07 season when 13 storm force wind events occurred. The gap wind events in the Gulfof Tehuantepec were primarily driven by mid-latitude cold frontal passages from the Gulf ofMexico through the narrow Chivela Pass into the Pacific. A strong pressure gradient between highpressure behind the front to the north of the gap wind region and lower pressure associated withthe inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) or monsoon trough to the south allowed some of theseevents to persist for as long as three days. January was the busiest month for wind events in theGulf of Tehuantepec during the January-April observing period.

69

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Marine W

eath

er

Revi

ew

- T

ropic

al A

tlantic

& E

ast

Paci

fic J

anuary

- A

pril 2

014 Nine ships reported gale force winds in the region during January. Three of these ships, the ZIM

BARCELONA (4XIS), the TOKYO EXPRESS (DGTX), and the HANJIN MUNDRA (DQVH), sawstorm force winds. A strong late season storm event began 08 April at 2100 UTC. Figure P-Ashows the tight pressure gradient analyzed by TAFB over Chivela Pass and scatterometer dataobserved 45 kts winds (purple wind barbs) well down wind of the Gulf of Tehuantepec around0600 UTC on 09 April. The cold front that spurred this event later moved southeast through theGulf of Papagyo.

Gulf of Papagayo Gale Warning:

The only gale force wind event in the Gulf of Papagayo during the observing period occurred onthe morning of 10 April 2014. 40 kt winds were reported by the Island Princess (ZCDG4) as itmoved through the region. As mentioned in the section above, the particularly strong, late-seasoncold front that brought storm force winds to the Gulf of Tehuantepec a day earlier was responsiblefor the gale in the Gulf of Papagayo. Gale force winds persisted for 12 hours and were enhancedby early morning drainage flow from the mountains over northern Costa Rica and southernNicaragua.

Northern Waters Gale Warning:

On 27 February 2014, a deep layered low pressure system sent a powerful cold front into thenorthern portion of the observing area, with gale force winds found northward of 25°N for 42hours. This strong low pressure system ventured farther south than the climatological mean. Itwas analyzed as deep as 969 hPa. Figure P-B shows gale force northwest winds (dark blue windbarbs) and seas as high as 5.8m (19 ft) south of 30°N around 1800 UTC on 28 February. TheOVERSEAS ANACORTES (KCHV) provided several reports of 40-45 kts winds just north of thearea between 31°N-32°N. The low eventually weakened and moved northeastward, allowingwinds to drop below gale force over the observing area by the early morning hours of 01 March.

Figure P-B. The National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA)

Geostationary Operational

Environmental Satellite West (GOES-

W) infrared imagery overlaid with

altimeter passes from the National

Aeronautics and Space

Administration’s (NASA) Jason-2, the

European Space Agency’s (ESA)

CryoSat-2, and the ALTIKA sensor

from the Indian Space Research

Organization (ISRO) and the Centre

National D'études Spatiales of France

(CNES) in addition to scatterometer

passes from the MetOp Advanced

SCATerometers “A” and “B” (ASCAT-A

and ASCAT-B) and the

NOAA/NASA/United States Department

of Defense WINDSAT sensor aboard

the Coriolis satellite valid around 1800

UTC 28 February 2014. The TAFB area

of responsibility is found south of

30°N and east of 140°W denoted by

the light blue lines.

70

The Cooperative Ship Reports

can now be found online by

clicking here.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

N

atio

nal W

eath

er

Serv

ice V

OS

Pro

gra

m N

ew

Recr

uits

/ C

oopera

tive S

hip

Report

National Weather Service VOS New Recruits

March 1, 2014 through June 30, 2014

can now be found online by

clicking here.

http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/201408/newrecruits.shtml

http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/201408/cooperativeshipreport.shtml

Points of Contact

U.S. Port Meteorological Officers

HEADQUARTERS

Steven Pritchett

Voluntary Observing Ship Program Manager1325 East West HighwayBuilding SSMC2Silver Spring, MD 20910Tel: 301-427-9120Fax: 301-713-0173E-mail: [email protected]

Paula Rychtar

Voluntary Observing Ship Operations ManagerNational Data Buoy CenterBuilding 3203Stennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000Tel: 228-688-1457Fax: 228-688-3923E-mail: [email protected]

ATLANTIC PORTS

David Dellinger, PMO Miami, Florida

National Weather Service, NOAA2550 Eisenhower BlvdSuite 312Port Everglades, FL 33316Tel: 954-463-4271Cell: 954-295-2084Fax: 954-462-8963E-mail: [email protected]

Robert Niemeyer, PMO Jacksonville, Florida

National Weather Service, NOAA13701 Fang RoadJacksonville, FL 32218-7933Tel: 904-607-3219Fax: 904-741-0078E-mail: [email protected]

Tim Kenefick, PMO Charleston, South Carolina

NOAA Coastal Services Center2234 South Hobson AvenueCharleston, SC 29405-2413Tel: 843-709-0102Fax: 843-740-1224E-mail: [email protected]

Peter Gibino, PMO Norfolk, Virginia

National Weather Service, NOAAP. O. Box 1492Grafton, VA 23692Tel: 757-617-0897E-mail: [email protected]

Lori Evans, PMO Baltimore, Maryland

National Weather Service, NOAAP. O. Box 3667Frederick, MD 21705-3667For UPS / FEDEX delivery:5838 Shookstown, RoadFrederick, MD 21702Tel: 443-642-0760E-mail: [email protected]

Jim Luciani, PMO New York, New York

New York / New JerseyNational Weather Service, NOAAP. O. Box 366Flemington, NJ 08822Tel: 908-217-3477E-mail: [email protected]

GREAT LAKES PORTS

Ron Williams, PMO Duluth, Minnesota

National Weather Service, NOAA5027 Miller Trunk HighwayDuluth, MN 55811-1442Tel 218-729-0651Fax 218-729-0690E-mail: [email protected]

GULF OF MEXICO PORTS

VACANT

PMO New Orleans, Louisiana

62300 Airport Rd.Slidell, LA 70460-5243Tel:Fax:E-mail:

Chris Fakes, PMO

National Weather Service, NOAA1353 FM646Suite 202Dickinson, TX 77539Tel: 281-534-2640 Ext. 277Fax: 281-534-4308E-mail: [email protected]

71

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

72

U.S. Coast Guard AMVER Center

Ben Strong

AMVER Maritime Relations Officer,United States Coast GuardBattery Park BuildingNew York, NY 10004Tel: 212-668-7762Fax: 212-668-7684E-mail: [email protected]

SEAS Field Representatives

AOML SEAS PROGRAM MANAGER

Dr. Gustavo Goni

AOML4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149-1026Tel: 305-361-4339Fax: 305-361-4412E-mail: [email protected]

DRIFTER PROGRAM MANAGER

Dr. Rick Lumpkin

AOML/PHOD4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149-1026Tel: 305-361-4513Fax: 305-361-4412E-mail: [email protected]

ARGO PROGRAM MANAGER

Dr. Claudia Schmid


GLOBAL DRIFTER PROGRAM

Shaun Dolk


PACIFIC PORTS

Derek LeeLoy, PMO Honolulu, Hawaii

Ocean Services Program CoordinatorNational Weather Service Pacific Region HQNOAA IRC - NWS/PRH/ESSD1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 176Honolulu, HI 96818Tel: 808-725-6016Fax: 808-725-6005E-mail: [email protected]

VACANT

PMO Oakland/San Francisco, California

National Weather Service, NOAA1301 Clay Street, Suite 1190NOakland, CA 94612-5217Tel: 510-637-2960Fax: 510-637-2961E-mail:

Matt Thompson, PMO Seattle, Washington

National Weather Service, NOAA7600 Sand Point Way, N.E.,BIN C15700Seattle, WA 98115-6349Tel: 206-526-6100Fax: 206-526-6904E-mail: [email protected]

ALASKA AREA PORTS, FOCAL POINTS

Richard Courtney, Kodiak, Alaska

National Weather Service, NOAA600 Sandy Hook Street, Suite 1Kodiak, AK 99615-6814Tel: 907-487-2102Fax: 907-487-9730E-mail: [email protected]

Larry Hubble, Anchorage, Alaska

National Weather Service Alaska Region222 West 7th Avenue #23Anchorage, AK 99513-7575Tel: 907-271-5135Fax: 907-271-3711E-mail: [email protected]

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

73

Other Port Meteorological

Officers

ARGENTINA

Mario J. Garcia

Jefe del Dto. RedesServicio Meteorlógico Nacional25 de Mayo 658 (C1002ABN)Buenos AiresArgentinaTel: +54-11 4514 1525Fax: +54-11 5167 6709E-mail: [email protected]

AUSTRALIA

Head Office

Graeme Ball, Manager.

PMO CoordinatorMarine Operations GroupBureau of MeteorologyGPO Box 1289Melbourne, VIC 3001, AustraliaTel: +61-3 9669 4203Fax: +61 3 9669 4168E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

Fremantle

Craig Foster, PMA

Port Meteorological Officer Fremantle,Bureau of MeteorologyPO Box 1370Perth, WA 6872, AustraliaTel: +61-8 9263 2292Fax: +61 8 9263 2297E-mail: [email protected]

Melbourne

Brendan Casey, PMA

c/o Bureau of MeteorologyPort Meteorological OfficerMelbourne, Bureau of Meteorology,GPO Box 1289 Melbourne, VIC3001, AustraliaTel: +61-3 9669 4236Fax: +61-3 9669 4168E-mail: [email protected]

NORTHEAST ATLANTIC SEAS REP.

Jim Farrington

SEAS Logistics/AMC439 West York StreetNorfolk, VA 23510Tel: 757-441-3062Fax: 757-441-6495

E-mail: [email protected]

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC SEAS REP.

Carrie Wolfe

Southern California Marine Institute820 S. Seaside AvenueSan Pedro, Ca 90731-7330Tel: 310-519-3181Fax: 310-519-1054E-mail: [email protected]

SOUTHEAST ATLANTIC SEAS REP.

Francis Bringas

AOML/GOOS Center4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149-1026Tel: 305-361-4332Fax: 305-361-4412E-mail: [email protected]

PACIFIC NORTHWEST SEAS REP.

Steve Noah

SEAS Logistics/PMCOlympic Computer Services, Inc.Tel: 360-385-2400Cell: 425-238-6501E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

Sydney

Matt Dunn, PMO

c/o Bureau of MeteorologyPort Meteorological Officer SydneyBureau of MeteorologyGPO Box 413Darlinghurst, NSW 1300AustraliaTel: +61 2 9296 1553Fax: +61 2 9296 1648E-mail: [email protected]

CANADA

Canadian Headquarters

Gerie Lynn Lavigne, Life Cycle Manager

Marine Networks, Environment CanadaSurface Weather, Climate and Marine Networks4905 Dufferin StreetToronto, OntarioCanada M3H 5T4Tel: +1-416 739 4561Fax: +1-416 739 4261E-mail: [email protected]

British Columbia

Bruce Lohnes, Monitoring Manager

Environment CanadaMeteorological Service of Canada140-13160 Vanier PlaceRichmond, British Columbia V6V 2J2CanadaTel: +1-604-664-9188Fax: +1604-664-4094E-mail: [email protected]

Newfoundland

Andre Dwyer, PMO

Environment Canada6 Bruce StreetSt John’s, Newfoundland A1N 4T3CanadaTel: +1-709-772-4798Fax: +1-709-772-5097E-mail: [email protected]

Nova Scotia

Martin MacLellan

A/Superintendent Port Meteorology & DataBuoy ProgramEnvironment Canada275 Rocky Lake Rd, Unit 8BBedford, NSB4A 2T3Office: (902) 426-6616Cell: (902) 483-3723Fax: (902) 426-6404

Ontario

Tony Hilton, Supervisor PMO;

Shawn Ricker, PMO

Environment CanadaMeteorological Service of Canada100 East Port Blvd.Hamilton, Ontario L8H 7S4 CanadaTel: +1-905 312 0900Fax: +1-905 312 0730E-mail: [email protected]@ec.gc.ca

Quebec

Erich Gola, PMO

Meteorological Service of CanadaQuebec RegionService météorologique du CanadaEnvironnement Canada800 rue de la Gauchetière Ouest, bureau 7810Montréal (Québec) H5A 1L9 CanadaTel: +1-514 283-1644Cel: +1-514 386-8269Fax: +1-514 496-1867E-mail: [email protected]

CHINA

YU Zhaoguo

Shanghai Meteorological Bureau166 Puxi RoadShanghai, China

74

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

75

CROATIA

Port of Split

Captain Zeljko Sore

Marine Meteorological Office-SplitP.O. Box 370Glagoljaska 11HR-21000 SplitCroatiaTel: +385-21 589 378Fax: +385-21 591 033 (24 hours)E-mail: [email protected]

Port of Rijeka

Smiljan Viskovic

Marine Meteorological Office-RijekaRiva 20HR-51000 RijekaCroatiaTel: +385-51 215 548Fax: +385-51 215 574

DENMARK

Cmdr Roi Jespersen, PMO &

Cmdr Harald R. Joensen, PMO

Danish Meteorological Inst., ObservationDeptSurface and Upper Air ObservationsDivisionLyngbyvej 100DK-2100 CopenhagenDenmarkTel: +45 3915 7337Fax: +45 3915 7390E-mail: [email protected]@dmi.dk

FALKLANDS

Captain R. Gorbutt, Marine Officer

Fishery Protection OfficePort StanleyFalklandsTel: +500 27260Fax: +500 27265Telex: 2426 FISHDIR FK

FRANCE

Headquarters

André Péries, PMO Supervisor

Météo-France DSO/RESO/PMO42, Avenue Gustave Coriolis31057 Toulouse CédexFranceTel: +33-5 61 07 98 54Fax: +33-5 61 07 98 69E-mail: [email protected]

Boulogne-sur-mer

Gérard Doligez

Météo-France DDM6217, boulevard Sainte-Beuve62200 Boulogne-sur-merFranceTel: +33-3 21 10 85 10Fax: +33-2 21 33 33 12E-mail: [email protected]

Brest

Louis Stéphan, Station Météorologique

16, quai de la douane29200 BrestFranceTel: +33-2 98 44 60 21Fax: +33-2 98 44 60 21

La Réunion

Yves Morville, Station Météorologique

Port RéunionFranceFax: +262 262 921 147Telex: 916797REE-mail: [email protected]@wanadoo.fr

Le Havre

Andre Devatine, Station Météorologique

Nouveau SémaphoreQuai des Abeilles76600 Le HavreFranceTel: +33-2 32 74 03 65Fax: +33 2 32 74 03 61E-mail: [email protected]

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

Marseille

Michel Perini, PMO

Météo-France / CDM 132A BD du Château-Double13098 Aix en Provence Cédex 02FranceTel: +00 33 (0)4 42 95 25 42Fax: +00 33 (0)4 42 95 25 49E-mail: [email protected]

Montoir de Bretagne

Jean Beaujard, Station Météorologique

Aérodome de Saint-Nazaire-Montoir44550 Montoir de BretagneFranceTel: +33-2 40 17 13 17Fax: +33-2 40 90 39 37

New Caledonia

Henri Lévèque, Station Météorologique

BP 15198845 Noumea PortNew CaledoniaFranceTel: +687 27 30 04Fax: +687 27 42 95

GERMANY

Headquarters

Volker Weidner, PMO Advisor

Deutscher WetterdienstBernhard-Nocht-Strasse 76D-20359 HamburgGermanyTel: +49-40 6690 1410Fax: +49-40 6690 1496E-mail: [email protected]

Bremerhaven

Henning Hesse, PMO

Deutscher WetterdienstAn der Neuen Schleuse 10bD-27570 BremerhavenGermanyTel: +49-471 70040-18Fax: +49-471 70040-17E-mail: [email protected]

Hamburg

Horst von Bargen, PMO

Matthias Hoigt

Susanne Ripke

Deutscher WetterdienstMet. HafendienstBernhard-Nocht-Str. 76D - 20359 HamburgTel: +49 40 6690 1412/1411/1421Fax: +49 40 6690 1496E-mail: [email protected]

Rostock

Christel Heidner, PMO

Deutscher WetterdienstSeestr. 15aD - 18119 RostockTel: +49 381 5438830Fax: +49 381 5438863E-mail: [email protected]

Gilbraltar

Principal Meteorological Officer

Meteorological OfficeRAF Gilbraltar BFPO 52GilbraltarTel: +350 53419Fax: +350 53474

GREECE

Michael Myrsilidis

Marine Meteorology SectionHellenic National Meteorological Service(HNMS)El, Venizelou 1416777 HellinikonAthensGreeceTel: +30-10 9699013Fax: +30-10 9628952, 9649646E-mail: [email protected]

76

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

77

HONG KONG , CHINA

Wing Tak Wong, Senior Scientific Officer

Hong Kong Observatory134A Nathan RoadKowloonHong Kong, ChinaTel: +852 2926 8430Fax: +852 2311 9448E-mail: [email protected]

ICELAND

Hreinn Hjartarson, Icelandic Met. Office

Bústadavegur 9IS-150 ReykjavikIcelandTel: +354 522 6000Fax: +354 522 6001E-mail: [email protected]

INDIA

Calcutta

Port Meteorological Office

Alibnagar, Malkhana BuildingN.S. Dock Gate No. 3Calcutta 700 043IndiaTel: +91-33 4793167

Chennai


10th Floor, Centenary BuildingChennai Port Trust, Rajaji RoadChennai 600 001IndiaTel: +91-44 560187

Fort Mumbai


3rd Floor, New Labour Hamallage BuildingYellow Gate, Indira DoctFort Mumbai 400 001IndiaTel: +91-2613733

Goa

PMO, Port Meteorological Liaison Office

Sada, P.O., Head Land SadaGoa 403 804IndiaTel: +91-832 520012

Kochi


Cochin Harbour, North End, Wellington IslandKochi 682 009IndiaTel: +91-484 667042

INDONESIA

Belawan

Stasiun Meteorologi Maritim Belawan

Jl. Raya Pelabuhan IIIBelawan - 20414IndonesiaTel: +62-21 6941851Fax: +62-21 6941851

Bitung

Stasiun Meteorologi Maritim Bitung

Jl. Kartini No. 1Bitung - 95524IndonesiaTel: +62-438 30989Fax: +62-438 21710

Jakarta

Mochamad Rifangi

Meteorological and Geophysical AgencyJl. Angkasa I No. 2 KemayoranJakarta - 10720IndonesiaTel: +62-21 4246321Fax: +62-21 4246703

Stasiun Meteorologi Maritim Tanjung Priok

Jl. Padamarang PelabuhanTanjung PriokJakarta - 14310IndonesiaTel: +62-21 4351366Fax: +62-21 490339A

ugust

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

Makassar

Stasiun Meteorologi Maritim

MakassarJl. Sabutung I No. 20 PaotereMakassarIndonesiaTel: +62-411 319242Fax: +62-411 328235

Semarang


SemarangJl. Deli PelabuhanSemarang - 50174IndonesiaTel: +62-24 3549050Fax: +62-24 3559194

Surabaya


SurabayaJl. Kalimas baru No. 97BSurabaya - 60165IndonesiaTel: +62-31 3291439Fax: +62-31 3291439

IRELAND

Cork

Brian Doyle, PMO

Met EireannCork AirportCorkIrelandTel: +353-21 4917753Fax: +353-21 4317405

Dublin

Columba Creamer, Marine Unit

Met EireannGlasnevin HillDublin 9IrelandTel: +353 1 8064228Fax: +353 1 8064247E-mail: [email protected]

ISRAEL

Ashdod

Aharon Ofir, PMO

Marine DepartmentAshdod PortTel: 972 8 8524956

Haifa

Hani Arbel, PMO

Haifa PortTel: 972 4 8664427

JAPAN

Headquarters

Dr. Kazuhiko Hayashi, Scientific Officer

Marine Div., Climate and Marine Dept.Japan Meteorological Agency1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-kuTokyo, 100-8122JapanTel: +81-3 3212 8341 ext. 5144Fax: +81-3 3211 6908Email: [email protected]@climar.kishou.go.jp

Kobe

Port Meteorological Officer

Kobe Marine Observatory1-4-3, Wakinohamakaigan-dori, Chuo-kuKobe 651-0073JapanTel: +81-78 222 8918Fax: +81-78 222 8946

Nagoya


Nagoya Local Meteorological Observatory2-18, Hiyori-ho, Chigusa-kuNagoya, 464-0039JapanTel: +81-52 752 6364Fax: +81-52 762-1242

78

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

79

Yokohama


Yokohama Local Meteorological Observatory99 Yamate-cho, Naka-kuYokohama, 231-0862JapanTel: +81-45 621 1991Fax: +81-45 622 3520Telex: 2222163

KENYA

Ali Juma Mafimbo, PMO

PO Box 98512MombasaKenyaTel: +254-11 225687 / 433689Fax: +254-11 433689E-mail: [email protected]

MALAYSIA

Port Bintulu

Paul Chong Ah Poh, PMO

Bintulu Meteorological StationP.O. Box 28597007 BintuluSarawakMalaysiaFax: +60-86 314 386

Port Klang

Mohd Shah Ani, PMO

Malaysian Meteorological ServiceJalan Sultan46667 Petaling JayaSelangorMalaysiaFax: +60-3 7957 8046

Port Kinabalu

Mohd Sha Ebung, PMO

Malaysian Meteorological Service7th Floor, Wisma Dang BandangP.O. Box 5488995 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysiaFax: +60-88 211 019

MAURITUIS

Port Louis

Meteorological Services

St. Paul RoadVacoasMauritiusTel: +230 686 1031/32Fax: +230 686 1033E-mail: [email protected]

NETHERLANDS

Bert de Vries, PMO &

René Rozeboom, PMO

KNMI, PMO-OfficeWilhelminalaan 10Postbus 2013730 Ae de BiltNetherlandsTel: +31-30 2206391Fax: +31-30 2210849E-mail: [email protected]

NEW ZEALAND

Manager Marine Operations

Meteorological Service New Zealand Ltd.P.O. Box 722WellingtonNew ZealandTel: +64-4 4700 789Fax: +64-4 4700 772

NORWAY

Tor Inge Mathiesen, PMO

Norwegian Meteorological InstituteAllégaten 70N-5007 Bergen, NorwayTel: +47-55 236600Fax: +47-55 236703Telex: 40427/42239

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

80

PAKISTAN

Hazrat Mir, Senior Meteorologist

Pakistan Meteorological DepartmentMeteorological OfficeJinnah International AirportKarachi, PakistanTel:+ 92-21 45791300, 45791322Fax: +92-21 9248282E-mail: [email protected]

PHILIPPINES

Cagayan de Oro City

Leo Rodriguez

Pagasa Complex StationCagayan de Oro City 9000, MisamisOccidentalPhilippines

Tel: +63-8822 722 760

Davao City

Edwin Flores

Pagasa Complex Station, Bangoy AirportDavao City 8000Philippines

Tel: +63-82 234 08 90

Dumaguete City

Edsin Culi

Pagasa Complex StationDumaguete City AirportDumaguete City, Negros Oriental 6200PhilippinesTel: +63-35 225 28 04

Legaspi City

Orthello Estareja

Pagasa Complex StationLegaspi City, 4500PhilippinesTel: +63-5221 245 5241

Iloilo City

Constancio Arpon, Jr.

Pagasa Complex StationIloilo City 5000PhilippinesTel: +63-33 321 07 78

Mactan City

Roberto Entrada

Pagasa Complex Station, Mactan AirportMactan City, CEBU 6016PhilippinesTel: +63-32 495 48 44

Manila

Dr. Juan D. Cordeta & Benjamin Tado, Jr

Pagasa Port Meteorological OfficePPATC Building, Gate 4South HarborManila 1018Philippines 1100Tel: +63-22 527 03 16

POLAND

Józef Kowalewski, PMO

Gdynia and Gdansk Institute of Meteorology andWaterManagementWaszyngton 42PL-81-342 GdyniaPolandTel: +48-58 6204572Fax: +48-58 6207101Telex: 054216E-mail: [email protected]

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

81

REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Inchon

Inchon Meteorological Station

25 Chon-dong, Chung-guInchonRepublic of KoreaTel: +82-32 7610365Fax: +82-32 7630365

Pusan

Pusan Meteorological Station

1-9 Taechong-dong, Chung-guPusanRepublic of KoreaTel: +82-51 4697008Fax: +82-51 4697012

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Ravil S. Fakhrutdinov

Roshydromet12, Novovagan’kovsky StreetMoscow 123242Russian FederationTel:+7-095 255 23 88Fax: +7-095 255 20 90Telex: 411117 RUMS RFE-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

SAUDI ARABIA

Mahmoud M. Rajkhan, PMO

Meteorology and EnvironmentalProtection Administration (MEPA)P.O. Box 1358Jeddah 21431Saudi ArabiaTel: +966-2 6512312 Ext. 2252 or 2564

SINGAPORE

Amran bin Osman, PMS

Meteorological ServicePO Box 8Singapore Changi AirportSingapore 9181Tel: 5457198Fax: +65 5457192Telex: RS50345 METSIN

SOUTH AFRICA

Headquarters

Johan Stander

Regional Manager: Western CapeAntarctica and IslandsSouth African Weather ServiceP O Box 21 Cape Town International Airport7525South AfricaTel: +27 (0) 21 934 0450Fax: +27 (0) 21 934 4590Cell: +27 (0) 82 281 0993Weatherline: 082 162E-mail: [email protected]

Cape Town

C. Sydney Marais, PMO

Cape Town Regional Weather OfficeCape Town International AirportCape Town 7525South AfricaTel: +27-21 934 0836Fax: +27-21 934 3296E-mail: [email protected]

Durban

Gus McKay, PMO

Durban Regional Weather OfficeDurban International AirpotDurban 4029South AfricaTel: +27-31 408 1446Fax: +27-31 408 1445E-mail: [email protected]

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

82

SWEDEN

Johan Svalmark

SMHISE-601 75 NORRKÖPINGSwedenTel: + 46 11 4958000E-mail: [email protected]

TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF

H. Charles Mwakitosi, PMO

P.O. Box 3056Dar es SalaamUnited Republic of Tanzania

THAILAND

Kesrin Hanprasert, Meteorologist

Marine and Upper Air Observation SectionMeteorological Observation DivisionThai Meteorological Department4353 Sukhumvit Road, BangnaBangkok 10260ThailandTel: +66-2 399 4561Fax: +66-2 398 9838E-mail: [email protected]

UNITED KINGDOM

Headquarters

Sarah C. North, Marine Networks Manager,

Met Office

Observations Supply - Marine NetworksFitzRoy RoadExeterDevon EX1 3PBUnited KingdomTel: +44 1392 885617Fax: +44 1392 885681E-mail: [email protected] orGroup E-mail: [email protected]

David Knott, Marine Technical Coordinator,

Met Office

Observations - Marine NetworksFitzRoy RoadExeterDevon EX1 3PBUnited KingdomTel: +44 1392 88 5714Fax: +44 1392 885681E-mail: [email protected] orGroup E-mail: [email protected]

Scotland

Emma Steventon

Port Meteorological Officer, Met OfficeSaughton HouseBroomhouse DriveEDINBURGH EH11 3XQUnited KingdomTel: +44 (0)131 528 7318Mobile : +44 (0) 7753880209E-mail: [email protected] orE-mail: [email protected]

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

83

South West England & South Wales

Vacant

Port Meteorological Officer, Met Officec/o Room 231/19National Oceanography Centre, SouthamptonUniversity of Southampton, Waterfront CampusEuropean WaySOUTHAMPTON SO14 3ZHUnited KingdomTel: +44 2380 638339Mobile : +44 (0) 7753 880468

Email: [email protected]

South East England

Vacant

Port Meteorological OfficerMet Office127 Clerkenwell RoadLondon EC1R 5LPUnited KingdomTel: +44 2072047453Mobile : +44 (0) 7753 880 467E-mail: [email protected]

North England & North Wales

Tony Eastham

Port Meteorological OfficerMet OfficeUnit 3, Holland Business Park,Spa Lane,Lathom, L40 6LNUnited KingdomTel: +44 (0)1695 726 467Mobile : +44 (0) 7753 880 484E-mail: [email protected] orE-mail: [email protected]

NOAA Weather Radio Network(1) 162.550 mHz(2) 162.400 mHz(3) 162.475 mHz(4) 162.425 mHz(5) 162.450 mHz(6) 162.500 mHz(7) 162.525 mHz

Channel numbers, e.g. (WX1, WX2) etc. haveno special significance but are often designatedthis way in consumer equipment. Otherchannel numbering schemes are also prevalent.

The NOAA Weather Radio network providesvoice broadcasts of local and coastal marineforecasts on a continuous cycle. The forecastsare produced by local National Weather ServiceForecast Offices.

Coastal stations also broadcast predicted tidesand real time observations from buoys andcoastal meteorological stations operatedby NOAA’s National Data Buoy Center. Basedon user demand, and where feasible, Offshoreand Open Lake forecasts are broadcast aswell.

The NOAA Weather Radio network providesnear continuous coverage of the coastal U.S,Great Lakes, Hawaii, and populated Alaskacoastline. Typical coverage is 25 nautical milesoffshore, but may extend much further in certainareas.

August

2014 ~

Mariners

Weath

er

Log W

eath

er

Poin

ts o

f C

onta

ct

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Data Buoy CenterBuilding 3203

Stennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000Attn: Mariners Weather Log

mwl aug 2014 draft 1a boxless mariners wx log dec2004 … · 2018-04-26 · from the editor...

Documents