mwd-pwd pressure while drilling operation · pdf fileman -12952 rev b mwd-pwd pressure while...

MAN -12952 REV B

MWD-PWD PRESSURE WHILE DRILLING OPERATIONS GUIDE

APS Confidential 1 of 20 APS Technology, Inc.

MWD-PWD Pressure While Drilling Operation Guide

Document P/N 12952 Revision B

July 22, 2014

APS Technology 7 Laser Lane Wallingford, CT 06492 USA Phone: 860-613-4450 Fax: 203-284-7428 Email: [email protected]

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MWD-PWD Pressure While Drilling Operation Guide

Document P/N 12952 Revision B

May 14, 2014

Copyright Notice

Copyright © 2014 by APS Technology, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted into human or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, manual, or otherwise, without express written permission of APS Technology, Inc., 7 Laser Lane, Wallingford CT 06492.

Trademarks

APS™, APS Technology™, APS Technology logo™, APSPlot™, “Engineering Solutions for Harsh Environments”®, “Advanced Systems for Drilling Performance”™, SureShot™, SureShot Control Center (SSCC™), SureShot Vibration Memory Module (VMM™), Wave Propagation Resistivity Sub (WPR™), CheckShot™, Electromagnetic Telemetry System (EMT™), FlowStat™, Rotary Steerable Motor (RSM®), Drilling Dynamics Monitor (DDM™), Active Vibration Damper Sub (AVD™), Vibration Memory Sub (VMS™), SoftTools™, ToolJoint™, WellDrill™, VacOil™, PetroMax™, and WellDesigner™ are trademarks of APS Technology, Inc.

NOTICE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OF APS TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND IS INTENDED SOLELY FOR USE BY THE PARTY TO WHOM IT HAS BEEN ISSUED BY APS. ANY UNAUTHORIZED USE OR THE DISCLOSURE OF THIS DOCUMENT TO ANY THIRD PARTY WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF APS IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED. APS MAKES A SINCERE EFFORT TO ENSURE THE ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, AND DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY FOR ANY INDIRECT, DIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER SPECIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS INFORMATION.

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Table of Contents

Overview ................................................................................................................................... 4 MWD-PWD Sensor PN 60979 -XXX and Gen 2 PN 61719-XXX ........................................ 4 Principles of Operation ............................................................................................................. 4 Applications .............................................................................................................................. 4 Interpretation ............................................................................................................................. 5 The PWD Processor Board performs several functions: .......................................................... 6 MWD-PWD Sensor Installation in the tool string .................................................................... 6 MWD-PWD Sensor tool string TEST CONNECTIONS ......................................................... 7 PWD Sensor configuration ....................................................................................................... 7 PWD Sensor Testing ; REF L-100193 & SK-11018 ................................................................ 8 Pressure While Drilling set up panel. ...................................................................................... 9 Configure Memory Recording .................................................................................................. 9 Telemetry Formats and Data Mnemonics ............................................................................... 10 PWD Sensor SureShot Surface System Configuration ........................................................... 12 Memory Downloading ............................................................................................................ 14 PWD Log Plotting................................................................................................................... 15 LAYOUT 10193, MWD-PWD ASSEMBLY PAGE 1 FOR SAMPLE ............................... 16 SK-11018 MWD-PWD, TEST CONNECTION PAGE 1 FOR SAMPLE .......................... 17

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Overview

The APS Technology MWD tool string can be configured with an optional Pressure While Drilling (PWD) sensor that replaces the pulser's FlowStat module. The PWD sensor contains two pressure transducers that measure collar bore pressure and annular pressure of the well bore. The PWD Centralizer shroud has ports that put the pressure transducers in hydraulic communication with the drilling fluid inside and outside of the collar to measure these pressures. Differential pressure from the collar bore and well bore measurement is used to determine the Flow ON and OFF state like the FlowStat. The PWD measurements are available for transmission to the surface in real-time and can be stored in memory. On the surface system, the SureShot software can display and plot the PWD real-time and memory data along with calculated Equivalent Mud Weight derived from the annular pressure. MWD-PWD Sensor PN 60979 -XXX and Gen 2 PN 61719-XXX

The PWD sensor consists of two precision pressure transducers that measure the pressure in the drill collar bore and the well bore annulus outside the drill collar. The pressure transducers are rated to 20,000 PSI and have an accuracy of +/- 20 PSI over this range and the PWD sensor as a whole is rated to 175C. The pressure transducers also output bore and annular temperature measurements that are used to temperature compensate the pressure measurements based on a calibration file stored on the processor board. For Gen 2 PN 61719 - The main change for the MWD PWD is the Removable Shroud. This allows for the Single Sonde unit to be used in multiple Diameters of Flow Subs. The other change is the availability of different materials for the pressure housing. Principles of Operation

Internal and external pressure sensors measure the internal bore pressure and the external annulus pressure with respective temperature measurements. In addition to the conventional measurements of average internal bore pressure and average external annular pressure the PWD firmware also determines the maximum and minimum 1-sec average pressure values during each aggregate statistic recording time interval. The PWD firmware additionally enables the recording of pressure data when not circulating. Applications

PWD data help the driller improve drilling procedures, assess downhole hydraulic tool performance, and adjust flow rate and fluid properties in order to optimize hole cleaning and prevent lost circulation or formation fluid influxes. The PWD data that are measured while tripping can also be used to optimize tripping times.

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Interpretation

PWD data can be used on its own for monitoring annular pressure as an indication of cuttings load and the effectiveness of hole cleaning. The driller can then determine appropriate procedures for preventing the drill string from becoming packed off and for avoiding lost circulation. The annular pressure can also be used to detect an influx of gas once the influx gets close enough to the surface to come out of solution. When the maximum and minimum 1-sec annular pressure values equal the longer aggregate average annular pressure value the flow is unimpeded. When the maximum 1-sec annular pressure value is significantly larger than the aggregate average annular pressure value this indicates that the annulus above the PWD sensor is becoming temporarily packed off and the drill string may become stuck. When the minimum 1-sec annular pressure value is significantly lower than the aggregate average annular pressure value this indicates that the annulus below the PWD sensor is becoming temporarily packed off and the drill string may become stuck. Poor Hole Cleaning Example The following log example illustrates poor hole cleaning that has resulted in a buildup of cuttings in the horizontal section of a well bore. The cuttings buildup above the PWD tool causes short annular pressure spikes as the cuttings partially block the annulus and then clear. The ROP also decreases during this time as a result of the poor hole cleaning. At this point the drilling operation would be improved by circulating to clean the hole and/or changing mud properties.

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The differential pressure between bore and annulus can be used as an indication of the performance of hydraulic drilling tools such as mud motors and underreamers. For drilling optimization purposes, it is most helpful to assess downhole pressures in the context of surface measurements (especially flow rate, rotation speed, block speed and rate of penetration), fluid properties, stratigraphy (especially pore pressure and fracture gradient), and trajectory data. The PWD Processor Board performs several functions:

Acquires the pressure and temperature data from the two pressure transducers

Performs temperature compensation of the pressure measurements based on transducer calibration data

Performs basic averaging and data processing over specified sample time intervals

Transmits data on the MWD tool’s RS-485 bus to be transmitted in real-time or stored in memory.

All PWD sensors are calibrated in the APS manufacturing facility using a precision dead weight test fixture to accurately measure the pressure being applied to each of the pressure transducers in the assembly. Pressure measurements are made over a wide temperature range to ensure that the sensor assembly is accurately calibrated. The PWD sensor acts as a node on the MWD tool’s bus architecture. Whenever the bus Master Controller requests data for telemetry or storage in memory, the PWD sensor responds by providing the most recently acquired pressure and temperature data sets.

MWD-PWD Sensor Installation in the tool string

The MWD-PWD sensor fits into the tool string by replacing the 60170 Flow Stat. It requires a unique Flow Sub and Field Alert FA-11-13 is Mandatory; Modification of MWD Motion Control For Brushed and Brushless Pulsers. See L-10193 for additional tool installation and testing details and SK-11018 for Test Connections. Since the PWD replaces the FlowStat on the pulser it is important to test the PWD according to drawing L-10193 to ensure that the PWD is turning the flow line on and off when doing a string test prior to running in the well.

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Ref: L-10193

MWD-PWD Sensor tool string TEST CONNECTIONS

Ref: SK-11018

PWD Sensor configuration

The Down-Hole firmware can be configured to collect PWD sensor data as follows: Set the time interval over which the raw pressure and temperature data will

be aggregated and averaged

Set the time interval before data storage in memory begins

The down-hole firmware provides pressure and temperature data at 10 samples per second from each pressure transducer under normal operation. These 10Hz data are then used to calculate the following aggregate statistics:

1. Inter-quartile averages of annular pressure and collar bore pressure

over the programmed aggregate interval

2. Linear averages of annular and collar bore temperatures over the aggregate interval

3. Maximum and minimum 1-sec linear averages of annular and collar bore pressure during aggregate interval

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Additional data collection and processing will be added in future down-hole firmware releases. The PWD sensor operations and memory recording are configured using the MWD Master Interface program. PWD Sensor Testing; REF L-100193 & SK-11018

In the shop or at the rig site, the PWD sensor can be tested to ensure that it is functional before sending it to the rig or downhole. In the shop, the PWD sensor can be tested outside the WPR sub using a PWD Verification Test Cart. PWD Verification Test Cart Operation is covered under the PWD maintenance documentation. The PWD Verification Test Cart provides a means to apply pressure to the two pressure transducers to verify that the sensor is functioning within specification. When the PWD sensor is installed, the MWD Master Interface program is used to test the PWD sensor. To test the PWD sensor in the field, first establish communications with the tool through the bottom tool connector using the MWD Interface Box. Then start the MWD Master Interface program and press the PWD Parameters button to display the Pressure While Drilling configuration screen. From this screen the PWD data can be viewed, the firmware versions can be programmed and verified and the node can be configured similar to Gamma or other nodes on the bus. The MWD Master Interface software manual has more detail on configuring the PWD node. In the field, the annular and bore pressure measurements should both show atmospheric pressure (approximately 14.7 +/- 20 psi) until the tool goes down-hole.

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Pressure While Drilling set up panel.

Configure Memory Recording

Use the MWD Master Interface Program to configure memory recording for the PWD node. The memory configuration follows the same procedure as, Gamma and the other nodes after selecting Pressure File in the Edit Memory Recorder Parameters menu.

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Telemetry Formats and Data Mnemonics

The PWD data being transmitted includes the following:

1. Inter-quartile Average Annular Pressure (PANNX)– while pumping

2. Inter-quartile Average Collar bore Pressure (PBORX) – while pumping The Equivalent Mud Weight (EMW) is calculated and presented in SureShot based on the decoded average annular pressure data (PANNX). EMW is calculated using the following formula: EMW = PANNX / (0.052 * TVD) in ppg, psi and feet Additional data will be collected in the future including data while pumps are off to evaluate the static pressure conditions in the well.

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The following PWD telemetry formats are available and can be programmed into the down-hole tool with the required directional, gamma and resistivity data:

FID 186: All four values are acquired simultaneously at the same time.

FID 187: All four values are acquired sequentially at different times.

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PWD Sensor SureShot Surface System Configuration

Enter the proper sensor offset for the PWD sensor in the SureShot sensor offset menu along with the other MWD sensors:

Once the down-hole tool is programmed the SureShot surface software will decode the telemetered PWD data and store it in the database. Decoded data gets displayed on the SIU messages window on the SureShot main screen and can be viewed and manipulated in the data editor. To edit the PWD data, select the PWD tab in the data editor screen and the following screen will appear:

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The PWD data is also available for plotting on the real-time depth data plot. To configure PWD measurements on the real-time screen plot, select View / Depth Plot in the SureShot menu. The following screen will appear:

Select Pressure, and the list of PWD parameters are presented for plotting. Refer to the SureShot software manual for details on configuring these plots.

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Memory Downloading

The PWD memory data is downloaded through the SureShot software along with all the other Recorded While Drilling (RWD) data configured to be stored. Selecting System / Sensor Memory will bring you to the menus to download the memory data through the following screen.

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PWD Log Plotting

The PWD data can be selected for plotting using APS PLOT through the View / Plotting menus. In APS PLOT the PWD data can be selected to plot in any track.

END OF PROCEDURE

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LAYOUT 10193, MWD-PWD ASSEMBLY PAGE 1 FOR SAMPLE

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SK-11018 MWD-PWD, TEST CONNECTION PAGE 1 FOR SAMPLE

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DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Languages in which this document must be updated:

English Spanish Russian Chinese

Table 1: Documentation Revision History

Rev Date Completed By Description ECO No. Checked By

A 6/11/14 D Mackeown Initial Release 14-147 R Rothstein B 7/22/14 D Mackeown Added Gen 2 PN 61719 info.,

PWD application example 14-147 R Rothstein

Related Product Lines: PWD, MWD

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NOTES

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APS Technology Headquarters APS Technology, Inc. 7 Laser Lane, Wallingford, CT USA 06492 Phone: 860-613-4450 Fax: 203-284-7428 Web-Site: www.aps-tech.com Email: [email protected] USA/Houston APS Technology 15415 International Plaza Drive Suite 150, Houston, TX USA 77032-2466 Tel: 281-847-3700 Fax: 832-230-2899

China Guanghan APS Technology Ltd. East Section 2, Guangdonglu Road Guanghan City, Sichuan Province, P.R. China 618300 Tel: 0838-5103-658 Fax: 0838-5517-099

Dubai/Middle East (Office Location) APS Technology B43, Oilfield Supply Center Complex Jebel Ali Freezone, Dubai, UAE Tel: +971.4.883.7231 UK/Aberdeen APS Technology Office Tel: +44.(0).750.0116.902

Russia/Moscow (Official Distributor) GeoTrend Corporation 29/16, Sivcev Vrazhek Lane, Suite 410 Moscow 119002, Russia Tel: +7 (499) 241-7410 Fax: +7 (499) 241-2166

“Engineering Solutions for Harsh Environments” SM

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