mutations mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of dna) can be : harmful...

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Mutations• Mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair

sequence of DNA)• Can be :

Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders, cancer, death

Beneficial mutations – allows organism to better survive: provides genetic variation

Page 3: Mutations Mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA) Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders,

Page 4: Mutations Mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA) Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders,

• Examples:Down’s syndrome – (Trisomy 21) 47 chromosomes, extra chromosome at pair #21

Page 5: Mutations Mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA) Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders,

Turner’s syndrome – only 45 chromosomes, missing a sex chromosome (X)

Girls affected – short, slow growth, heart problems

Page 6: Mutations Mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA) Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders,

Klinefelter’s syndrome – 47 chromosomes, extra X chromosomes (XXY)

Boys affected – low testosterone levels, underdeveloped muscles, sparse facial hair

Page 7: Mutations Mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA) Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders,

• Huntington’s Disease: A genetic disorder passed down through families inwhich nerve cells in the brain degenerate.

Page 8: Mutations Mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA) Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders,

• Tay-Sach’s Disease: Causes deterioration of mental and physical abilities which starts at 6 months of age and usually results in death by the age of four.

Page 9: Mutations Mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA) Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders,

• Muscular Dystrophy: A group of disorders that involve muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue that gets worse over time.

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