MutationChange in a cell’s DNA

Gene expression• Gene expression is regulated by the cell, and an

organism’s response to its environment.• Mutations can affect gene expression by altering

the cell’s DNA.

Changes in DNA• Only around 10% of your DNA codes for proteins.• Mutations in this part of your genome can have

serious effects.• Example – sickle cell anemia is a point mutation

(only a single base is affected)

Types of mutationsType of mutation Analogy Example of disease

Normal THE BIG FAT CAT

Subsitution THE BIZ FAT CAT Achondroplasia

Nonsense THE BIG FAT Muscular distrophy

Deletion THB IGF AT Cystic fibrosis

Insertion THA EBI GFA Chrohn’s disease

Duplication THE BIG BIG Huntington’s Disease

Causes of mutation• Error during DNA synthesis.• Mutagens – UV radiation

Effects of mutations• Harmful – changes protein or gene activity• Helpful – can change gene to make it more useful

to organism.

Body cell vs sex cell mutation

• In which cell does the mutation get passed on to the next generation?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EA0qxhR2oOk