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Castelnuovo-Tedesco MUSIC FOR VIOLIN & PIANO Fulvio Luciani violin Massimiliano Motterle piano

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Page 1: MUSIC FOR VIOLIN & PIANOCastelnuovo-Tedesco arrived there by ship at dawn during the muggy summer heat. The experience is described in the third movement of the Concerto No.3 for violin

Castelnuovo-TedescoMUSIC FOR VIOLIN & PIANO

Fulvio Luciani violin Massimiliano Motterle piano

Page 2: MUSIC FOR VIOLIN & PIANOCastelnuovo-Tedesco arrived there by ship at dawn during the muggy summer heat. The experience is described in the third movement of the Concerto No.3 for violin

Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco 1895-1968Music for Violin & Piano

1. Notturno adriatico Op.34 (1924) - Tranquillo e sognante (non troppo lento) 5’09

Edition: A. Forlivesi & C., Firenze

Concerto No.3 Op.102 for violin and piano (1939)2. Drammatico 7’533. Lento, grave e triste 5’244. Molto Moderato - Allegretto

Moderato 8’26 Edition: Curci, Milano

5. Sea-Murmurs (1932) - Dolcemente mosso e ondulato 1’33

An adaption of “Arise” from Shakespeare’s “Cymbeline”, Shakespeare Songs Book VI, No.2, Op.24a (1932), arranged for violin and piano by Jascha Heifetz

12 Preludes Op.28 by Fryderyk Chopin (1946)*10. No.1 Agitato, in C 0’3511. No.2 Lento, in A minor 1’4312. No.3 Vivace, in G 0’5513. No.4 Largo, in E minor 1’4314. No.7 Andantino, in A 0’3315. No.10 Allegro molto,

in C sharp minor 0’2616. No.11 Vivace, in B 0’37

6. Tango (1932) - Allegretto con grazia 2’00

An adaption of “Two Maids Wooing” from Shakespeare’s “The Winter’s Tale”, Shakespeare Songs, Book VIII, No.3, Op.24b (1932) arranged for piano and violin by Jascha Heifetz

Edition: Carl Fischer Inc., New York

Tre Intermezzi Op.117/1-3 by Johannes Brahms*7. No.1 Andante moderato

(1947) 3’598. No.2 Andante non troppo e con

molto espressione (1951) 3’439. No.3 Andante con moto

(1951) 5’06 Edition: Mills Music, New York

17. No.12 Presto, in G sharp minor 1‘10

18. No.13 Largo, in F sharp 2’3419. No.17 Allegretto, in A flat 2’5220. No.24 Allegro appassionato,

in D minor 2’4021. No.18 Allegro molto,

in F minor 1’10 unpublished

Fulvio Luciani violinviolin built in Cremona by Lorenzo Storioni in the last years of his life (1810-15),

restored and maintained by the luthier Igor Moroder, and a modern bow by Benoît Rolland

Massimiliano Motterle pianoSteinway & Sons D 274 piano

* first world recordings

Recording: 1-2 November 2018, Auditorium Fratelli Olivieri of the Conservatorio Guido Cantelli di Novara, ItalySound engineer & Musical director: Michael SeberichRecording assistent: Matteo BenniciDigital editing: Corrado RuzzaMixing and mastering: Michael SeberichCover and artist photos: © Massimo Voltap & © 2020 Brilliant Classics

Page 3: MUSIC FOR VIOLIN & PIANOCastelnuovo-Tedesco arrived there by ship at dawn during the muggy summer heat. The experience is described in the third movement of the Concerto No.3 for violin

For years Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco’s music was considered pleasantly retro. He was viewed as a composer of undeniable talent, but not a figure of any importance. According to received wisdom, mainstream 20th century composers could only mean the Second Viennese School and the later avant-garde movements. Nothing beyond this was worthy of attention. So Castelnuovo-Tedesco, who did not identify with either of them, was easily forgotten, especially when the Fascist regime in Italy introduced racial laws and he, as a Jew, was forced to leave the country.

The first part of his life was spent in Florence, where he studied composition under the strict guidance of Ildebrando Pizzetti, and he had already set out on a promising career as a composer, his works performed by musicians of the calibre of Toscanini, Mitropoulos, Kossevitsky, Heifetz, Gieseking, Piatigorsky and Segovia, the absolute non plus ultra of the period.

A premonition of what was about to take place in Italy came with the request that his second Concerto for violin should be removed from a concert program. Shortly afterwards, news spread of a similar ban regarding the Mendelssohn Concerto, incredible as this may seem today. At which point it was clear that the interdiction regarded the music of Jewish composers, along the lines of what was already happening in Germany.

In his youth Castelnuovo-Tedesco had been a friend of Alessandro Pavolini, who had become a Fascist leader. When the composer wrote to him protesting that his music was entirely Italian, all he received was a formal reply of courtesy, at which point the only option was to seek refuge abroad. He thus decided to emigrate to the United States.

Castelnuovo-Tedesco arrived there by ship at dawn during the muggy summer heat. The experience is described in the third movement of the Concerto No.3 for violin and piano: the sirens wailing in the mist, the skyline that gradually comes into view, the music and noise audible from the quay, and the prayer of a nun alone on the stern, forgotten by everyone, «her eyes fixed on the ocean we had crossed».

So the Concerto No.3 marks the moment in which Castelnuovo-Tedesco’s life

is severed into two parts: on the one hand, the relative prosperity of his youth in Florence; and on the other, the life of the émigré in the United States, where he had to start again from the beginning. The work was commissioned by the famous violinist Jascha Heifetz, who had helped him obtain entry to the United States and considered this a way of offering him a job. The Concerto thus also constitutes a sort of intimate diary of the circumstances that had forced him into exile.

The first movement describes the bewilderment for the «sudden blow that struck my life», as he was to write in his fine autobiography. The second is a gentle, melancholy farewell to places he loved, on a theme that sprang to mind just as he was leaving the fond quietude of the house in the Tuscan countryside. He actually wrote it down and left it in a drawer, an augury to propitiate his return.

Heifetz was not entirely happy with the third movement. He had asked for a piece conceived for violin and piano, not a new arrangement of an orchestral score, and nor «the surrogate of a Sonata». Indeed, «he told me that he had also asked Prokofiev to write one, but he had never come up with it, perhaps more wisely». Heifetz was never content with the finale, possibly because he had hoped for something better suited to the spectacular nature of a concert venue. Castelnuovo-Tedesco did his best to comply, but the Concerto had an autobiographical content that could not be ignored or changed. So Heifetz never played it, and it was not performed between 1939, the year it was composed, and 2016, when Massimiliano Motterle and I first played it in Milan. I consider it one of Castelnuovo-Tedesco’s major works, unusual in its expressive intensity. The first edition of the score was published by Curci in 2017.

For this recording the Concerto is accompanied by other compositions dating back to the Italian period. The first, Notturno adriatico, was written on the Brijuni islands, opposite Istria, in 1924, the year the composer married Clara Forti. Theirs proved to be a lifelong, happy union, and both were particularly fond of the Brijuni Islands. It is tempting to describe the Notturno adriatico as water music, which of course has illustrious precedents for the piano, but perhaps it would be more appropriate to consider it music that plays happily with changing light.

Page 4: MUSIC FOR VIOLIN & PIANOCastelnuovo-Tedesco arrived there by ship at dawn during the muggy summer heat. The experience is described in the third movement of the Concerto No.3 for violin

private lessons with him, outside the sphere of teaching institutions and the musical establishment. Previn said that studying with Castelnuovo-Tedesco was an absolute must for any Californian musician, whether interested in film music or West Coast jazz.

Today the prejudice regarding Castelnuovo-Tedesco’s music seems to be a thing of the past. Even the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra has performed the music he wrote for Star Wars. Happily we are now able to look back on the history of 20th century music with greater objectivity, appreciating the beauty of his compositions and his skill in creating a bridge between the most refined European musical tradition and American culture through a medium that is unfailingly dynamic and popular: the Hollywood film industry. © Fulvio LucianiTranslation by Kate Singleton

There are also two absolute gems, Sea murmurs and Tango, fruit of the collaboration with Heifetz, who in 1932 transcribed for his own use two songs from The Passionate Pilgrim (songs from Shakespeare’s Tragedies and Comedies) Op.24, making them famous with his performances and a recording. The second Concerto for violin and orchestra “I Profeti” Op.66 of 1931 was also dedicated to Heifetz, as was the Poem in the form of a Rondò “The Lark” composed that same year.

Lastly there are two important transcriptions of piano music, the Tre Intermezzi from the Brahms Op.117, and the Preludes, a selection from the Chopin Preludes Op.28. These are highly refined arrangements in which the composer adapts to the duo consisting of violin and piano compositions that are intrinsically pianistic, investing them with a new voice that brings to light a series of hidden features. They are acts of love on the part of a pianist that engage with the violin, and the outcome is remarkably fresh and persuasive.

The Tre Intermezzi were written between 1947 and 1951, and published by a small American publisher in 1953 with a dedication to the violinist Tossy Spivakovsky, while the Preludes were composed in 1944 as part of a series of 11, to which a further one was added later, and have never yet been published. We are privileged to have been able to play them directly from the manuscript score, thanks to the generous concession of the heirs.

Castelnuovo-Tedesco’s second life in the United States was not as professionally rewarding as the years in Italy had been. He tried to make his way as a pianist, making his debut at the Carnegie Hall playing his Second Concerto with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by John Barbirolli. But he had a family, and felt the need for more regular employment, which he found in the flourishing film industry, initially as an employee at MGM, and later as a freelance working for MGM and other studios, where he was admired for his speed and professional skill in coping with commissions that were often highly complex.

Arguably the most meaningful chapter of his second life had to do with teaching. His pupils included John Williams, Henry Mancini and André Previn, who took

Page 5: MUSIC FOR VIOLIN & PIANOCastelnuovo-Tedesco arrived there by ship at dawn during the muggy summer heat. The experience is described in the third movement of the Concerto No.3 for violin

Stati Uniti, con la necessità di ricominciare tutto da capo. Fu una commissione del celebre violinista Jascha Heifetz (che si era adoperato per favorire il suo ingresso negli Stati Uniti e glielo chiese anche per offrirgli una opportunità di lavoro), e costituisce una specie di diario intimo delle circostanze che lo avevano costretto all’esilio.

Il primo movimento narra lo sconcerto per il «colpo improvviso che si era abbattuto sulla mia vita», come lui stesso scrive nella sua bella autobiografia. Il secondo è un tenero e malinconico addio ai luoghi cari, su un tema che immaginò nell’istante in cui stava per lasciare la casa nella campagna toscana dove amava rifugiarsi, che lasciò in un cassetto come buon augurio di poterci tornare.

Del terzo movimento abbiamo detto, e proprio su quello si appuntarono le critiche di Heifetz. Heifetz aveva chiesto un pezzo propriamente per violino e pianoforte, non una riduzione dall’orchestra né «il surrogato di una Sonata» - «mi disse anzi di averne chiesto uno anche a Prokofieff; ma questi, forse più saggio di me, non l’aveva mai scritto» - ma non fu contento del finale: ne avrebbe forse desiderato uno più consono alla macchina dello spettacolo concertistico. Castelnuovo-Tedesco cercò di accontentarlo, ma il Concerto aveva un contenuto autobiografico che non poteva essere ignorato né cambiato. Così Heifetz non lo suonò mai, e dal 1939, quando fu scritto, il Concerto n.3 rimase ineseguito fino alla nostra esecuzione, mia e di Massimiliano Motterle, a Milano nel 2016, e inedito fino al 2017, quando è stato pubblicato dall’editore Curci. È, io credo, un’opera capitale nel catalogo di Castelnuovo-Tedesco, di un’intensità espressiva insolita nella sua produzione.

Attorno al Concerto, in questo CD sono collocate composizioni del periodo italiano. La prima, Notturno adriatico, fu scritta sulle isole Brioni, di fronte all’Istria, nel 1924. È l’anno del matrimonio con Clara Forti, un matrimonio felice per tutta la vita, e le Isole Brioni furono un luogo caro alla coppia. È fin troppo facile descrivere Notturno adriatico come una musica d’acqua, e trovargli gli illustri precedenti che ha nella letteratura pianistica. Forse sarebbe più giusto descriverlo come una musica di luce, luminosa, mutevole e felice.

Per anni il nome di Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco è stato associato all’idea di una piacevole retroguardia: un compositore a cui non si poteva non riconoscere un talento, ma senza importanza. Si era abituati a pensare che la strada maestra della musica nel Novecento fosse quella della seconda scuola di Vienna e poi dell’Avanguardia, e che tutto quanto non fosse schierato sul quel fronte non meritasse interesse. Così, di Castelnuovo-Tedesco, che su quel fronte non era schierato, fu facile dimenticarsi, quando alla promulgazione delle leggi razziali fasciste, lui, ebreo, decise di lasciare l’Italia.

La prima parte della sua vita si era svolta a Firenze, dove si era formato alla composizione sotto la guida rigorosa di Ildebrando Pizzetti, e aveva intrapreso con successo la carriera del compositore, con esecuzioni di interpreti come Toscanini, Mitropoulos, Koussevitzky, Heifetz, Gieseking, Piatigorsky e Segovia, l’assoluto non plus ultra di quell’epoca.

Il segnale di quel che stava per accadere in Italia venne dalla richiesta di togliere il suo secondo Concerto per violino dal programma di un concerto. Poco dopo si seppe che identico trattamento era stato riservato - e al giorno d’oggi suona incredibile! - al Concerto di Mendelssohn. Allora fu chiaro che il bando riguardava la musica di compositori ebrei, come già stava accadendo in Germania.

Castelnuovo-Tedesco era stato amico in gioventù di Alessandro Pavolini, divenuto un gerarca fascista. Protestò con lui con una lettera in cui rivendicava l’italianità sua e della sua musica. Ricevette una risposta di circostanza. Non restava che cercar rifugio all’estero, e la scelta cadde sugli Stati Uniti.

Negli Stati Uniti Castelnuovo-Tedesco arrivò in nave, in una afosa alba estiva. Il momento è raccontato nel terzo movimento del Concerto n.3 per violino e pianoforte: le sirene che ululano nella nebbia, la skyline che prende forma poco a poco, le musichette e il chiasso che provengono da terra, e la preghiera di una suora rimasta sola a poppa nave dimentica di tutto, «cogli occhi fissi all’oceano che avevamo attraversato».

Il Concerto n.3 segna dunque il punto in cui la vita di Castelnuovo-Tedesco viene spezzata in due, il crocevia tra la gioventù agiata a Firenze e la vita da rifugiato negli

Page 6: MUSIC FOR VIOLIN & PIANOCastelnuovo-Tedesco arrived there by ship at dawn during the muggy summer heat. The experience is described in the third movement of the Concerto No.3 for violin

era un requisito indispensabile per qualunque musicista californiano, sia del cinema che del jazz della costa occidentale.

Oggi che il pregiudizio cui abbiamo accennato all’inizio sembra definitivamente superato, e che perfino i Wiener Philharmoniker hanno eseguito in concerto le musiche di Star Wars, abbiamo l’occasione per guardare alla storia musicale del Novecento con sguardo più lucido e da un nuovo punto di vista. Così la vicenda di Castelnuovo-Tedesco assume rilievo oltre che per la bellezza della sua musica anche per aver saputo gettare un ponte tra la più alta tradizione musicale colta europea e la cultura americana, in una delle sue manifestazioni più vive e popolari com’è quella dell’industria cinematografica hollywoodiana.© Fulvio Luciani

Le seconde sono una coppia di formidabili miniature, Sea murmurs e Tango, frutto della collaborazione con Heifetz, che nel 1932 trascrisse per proprio uso due songs da The Passionate Pilgrim (songs from Shakespeare’s Tragedies and Comedies) Op.24, le rese celebri con le sue esecuzioni, e le incise in disco. Heifetz era stato il dedicatario del secondo Concerto per violino e orchestra “I Profeti” Op.66 nel 1931, e del Poem in the form of a Rondò “The Lark” dello stesso anno.

A conclusione sono due importanti trascrizioni da musiche pianistiche, Tre Intermezzi, dall’op.117 di Brahms, e Preludes, una scelta dai Preludi Op.28 di Chopin. Sono trascrizioni molto raffinate, nelle quali il gioco è trasferire al duo violino e pianoforte composizioni che più pianistiche non potrebbero essere, specchiarle in un nuova voce e rivelarne così i tratti più nascosti. Sono gesti d’amore di un pianista che chiamano in causa il violino. Il risultato ha naturalezza e verità sorprendenti.

I Tre Intermezzi furono scritti tra 1947 e il 1951, e pubblicati da un piccolo editore americano nel 1953 con una dedica al violinista Tossy Spivakovsky, mentre Preludes furono scritti nel 1944 in una serie di 11 cui è stato aggiunto un dodicesimo in un secondo tempo, e sono tutt’ora inediti. Abbiamo la fortuna di poterli suonare direttamente dal manoscritto, per generosa concessione degli eredi.

La seconda vita statunitense non fu professionalmente fortunata come la prima in Italia. Castelnuovo-Tedesco provò ad accreditarsi come pianista - il suo debutto americano fu con il suo Secondo Concerto alla Carnegie Hall, con la New York Philharmonic Orchestra sotto la direzione di John Barbirolli -, ma la responsabilità della famiglia lo costrinse a cercare lavoro sicuro. Lo trovò nella fiorente industria del cinema, prima come dipendente della MGM, poi come collaboratore esterno della stessa MGM e di altri studios cinematografici, apprezzatissimo per la rapidità nel concludere i lavori più complicati che gli veniva dal suo solidissimo mestiere.

Così, il capitolo forse più significativo della sua seconda vita fu l’insegnamento. Furono suoi allievi John Williams, Henry Mancini e André Previn, per citarne solo alcuni, in un rapporto privato, fuori dalle istituzioni, dunque ancor più significativo perché liberamente cercato. Previn diceva che aver studiato con Castelnuovo Tedesco

Page 7: MUSIC FOR VIOLIN & PIANOCastelnuovo-Tedesco arrived there by ship at dawn during the muggy summer heat. The experience is described in the third movement of the Concerto No.3 for violin

As a pianist Massimiliano Motterle nurtures a special love for Liszt. He studied under Sergio Marengoni, and specialized with Franco Sala, Lazar Berman, Paul Badura-Skoda and Alexis Weissenberg.He has won awards in over twenty national and international

competitions. He teaches at the Conservatoire of Bergamo, performs worldwide, and has recorded for the Da Vinci Classics and Naxos labels. His recordings comprise a number of milestones of the piano repertoire, including the 4 Chopin Ballads and the Liszt Sonata. He is artistic director of the historic Associazione GIA in Brescia.

Luciani and Motterle have been playing together since 2007. They have recorded for Naxos, for the SKY Classica HD satellite channel and for Quantic Productions.

Violinist Fulvio Luciani studied with Paolo Borciani, first violin of the famous Quartetto Italiano, Franco Gulli and Norbert Brainin of the Amadeus Quartet. Founder and first violin of the Quartetto Borciani, he has performed throughout Europe and the United States, winning the Antonio Vivaldi Prize from the Cini Foundation, and recording for the Amadeus, Stradivarius, Bottega Discantica and Naxos labels.

He has played a leading role in the rediscovery of Camillo Sivori, the famous 19th century virtuoso violinist who was Paganini’s only pupil.

He teaches at the Conservatoire in Milan. He plays an early Cremona violin made by Lorenzo Storioni.

We would like to thank the Castelnuovo-Tedesco heirs for allowing us to use the manuscript score of the Preludes, from the Preludes Op.28 by Frederic Chopin.

We are also grateful to Giovanna Correnti for revising the manuscript score and handling the layout of the sheet music.

This album has been produced thanks to a crowd-funding campaign. Our thanks go to those who contributed to making the recording possible, and to the Conservatoire of Novara and its director Roberto Politi for kindly hosting the recording sessions.